‫‪No.

F-13-HVS-1364‬‬

‫ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪﻫﺎﻱ‪ TRV‬ﻭ ‪ RRRV‬ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ‬

‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺧﻄﺎ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺭﺯﻭﻧﺎﻧﺴﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮ‬

‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺭﺿﺎ ﺑﺮﺯﮔﺮ‪ ،‬ﻡﺣﺴﻦ ﻧﻴﺎﺳﺘﻲ‬

‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮﻕ – ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺳﻤﻨﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎﺑﻠﻮﻫﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﭼﻜﻴﺪﻩ‪ -‬ﺑﺎ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﺭﻭﺯﺍﻓﺰﻭﻥ ﺷﺒﻜﻬﻬﺎﻱ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺲﻓﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺑﻠﻬﺎ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﻬﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺭﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﺭﺗﻘﺎء ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ )ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﭘﺮﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ( ‪ ،‬ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﻩﻛﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻱ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻬﺮﻩگ ﻳﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺧﻄﺎ ‪ ،‬ﺑﻜﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺭﺍﻛﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻓﻴﻮﺯﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺧﻄﺎ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩﻫﺎ ﻱ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻣﭙﺪﺍﻧﺲ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺎ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﻲ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻴﻜﺮﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻬﺎﻱ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﻳﻔﺎ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ] ‪ .[1‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﺒﻬﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻭ ﻓﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺏﻛﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩﻫﺎ ﻱ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺧﻄﺎ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ‬
‫]‪ .[1‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻛﻨﻨﺪﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺧﻄﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﻫﺪ ‪ .‬ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻳﻜﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ‬
‫)� ‪ (FCL‬ﻳﻚ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺣﻞ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺟﺘﻨﺎﺏ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩﻫﺎ ﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ‬
‫پ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻛﻨﻨﺪﻫﻬﺎﻱ‬
‫‪P0F‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬

‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻛﻨﻨﺪﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺧﻄﺎ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻋﺎﺩﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺍﻓﺘﻮﻟﺘﺎژ ﻭ‬

‫ﺭﺯﻭﻧﺎﻧﺲ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ‪ TRV‬ﻭ ‪ RRRV‬ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ‬
‫ﺗﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻛﻢ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺧﻄﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﻣﭙﺪﺍﻧﺲ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺳﺨﺘﺘﺮﻱ ﺭﻭﺑﺮﻭ ﺳﺎﺯﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻬﻬﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺹ ﻣﺪﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺭﺯﻭﻧﺎﻧﺴﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻃﺮﺡ‬
‫ﺭﺯﻭﻧﺎﻧﺲ‪ ،‬ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻋﺮﺽ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﺜﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺘﻮﺟﻬﻲ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲ ‪-‬‬
‫ﻧﺼﺐ ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮ ﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ‬
‫ﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻼﺵ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺷﺒﻴﻬﺴﺎﺯﻳﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ‪ ،EMTP-RV‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻴﺪﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﻱ‬

‫ﻓﻠﺰﺍﺕ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ] ‪ ،[2‬ﺍﺑﺮﺭﺳﺎﻧﺎﻳﻲ] ‪ [3‬ﻭ ﻧﻴﻤﻬﻬﺎﺩﻳﻬﺎ] ‪ [4‬ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﺩﮔﻲ‪ ،‬ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻮﺛﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ‬

‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮژﻱ ﺍﺑﺮﺭﺳﺎﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻛﻨﻨﺪﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺧﻄﺎ ﺍﺑﺮﺭﺳﺎﻧﺎﻳﻲ ) � ‪ (SFCL‬ﮔﻮﻱ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻬﺎ ﺑﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ‬
‫ﻭﺍژﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻱ — ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺧﻄﺎ ؛ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ؛ ‪ TRV‬؛‬
‫‪P1F‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬

‫ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻬﺎﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺻﺮﻓﻨﻈﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮژﻱ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ‬
‫‪ RRRV‬؛ ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮ ﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰ‪ FCL ،‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻫﺮ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻣﻴﮕﺬﺍﺭﻧﺪ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﺍﺕ ‪ FCL‬ﺍﺛﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﭘﻴﻚ ﻭﻟﺘﺎژ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﮔﺬﺭﺍ )� ‪ (TRV‬ﻭ‬
‫‪.1‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬
‫‪P2F‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬

‫ﻧﺮﺥ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﻭﻟﺘﺎژ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ )� ‪ (RRRV‬ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ‬
‫‪P3F‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺭﻭﺯﺍﻓﺰﻭﻥ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﻕ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺷﺒﻜﻬﻬﺎﻱ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ‬

‫˺‬
‫˻‬
‫‪Fault Current Limiter‬‬
‫ﻭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺪﺕ‬
‫‪Superconducting Fault Current Limiter‬‬
‫˼‬
‫‪Transient Recovery Voltage‬‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ‬
‫˽‬
‫‪Rate of Rise Recovery Voltage‬‬
 ‫ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪﻫﺎﻱ‪ TRV‬ﻭ ‪ RRRV‬ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺧﻄﺎ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺭﺯﻭﻧﺎﻧﺴﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮ‬

‫ﺑﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ ﻫﺸﺘﻤﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﺑﻴﻦﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﻕ – ‪ 1392‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺧﻄﺎﻱ ﺳﻪﻓﺎﺯ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻛﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ‪ IEEE‬ﺧﻄﺎﻱ ﺳﻪﻓﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻛﻨﻨﺪﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻛﻨﻨﺪﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﻭﻟﺘﺎژ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﮔﺬﺭﺍ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ]‪ .[9‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺭﺯﻭﻧﺎﻧﺲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﻠﻒ ﻭ ﺧﺎﺯﻥ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎﻛﻲ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺧﻄﺎﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻨﺎﻝ ﺭﺥ ﻣﻴﺪﻫﻨﺪ) � ‪ (SLF‬ﺑﻪ ﺩﻝﻳﻞ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬
‫‪P4F‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬ ‫ﭘﻴﻚ‪ TRV‬ﻭ ‪ RRRV‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻴﺪﻫﺪ] ‪.[7-5‬‬
‫�‬
‫ﺍﻣﻮﺍﺝ ﺭﻭﻧﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻮﺝ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻧﻬﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍ ﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫‪F5‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻟﺤﻈﺎﺕ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺵ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺟﺮﻗﻪ ﻧﺮﺥ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻭﻟﺘﺎژ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﮔﺬﺭﺍ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮ ﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ ) ‪ (ZnO‬ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ‪،‬‬
‫ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻴﺪﻫﺪ] ‪ .[9‬ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ 2‬ﻳﻚ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻮﺝ ﺩﻭ ﺳﺮ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ 1‬ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ‬
‫ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻴﺪﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ‪ U c‬ﻣﻌﺮﻑ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﭘﻴﻚ ‪ TRV‬ﻭ ﺷﻴﺐ ﺧﻂ ‪ OP‬ﻣﻌﺮﻑ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺖ ﮔﺬﺭﺍ ‪ TRV‬ﻭ ‪ ،RRRV‬ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮ ﻣﻮﺝ ‪ TRV‬ﺭﺍ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﻮﺟﻬﺎﻱ ﮔﺬﺭﺍ‬
‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪ RRRV‬ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ] ‪ .[10‬ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻮﺝ ﻭﻟﺘﺎژ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﻣﻴﺪﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺻﺎﻋﻘﻪ ﻣﻴﺒﻴﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬
‫ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﺧﻄﺎ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺳﻴﻨﻮﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻧﻬﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ‪ TRV‬ﻭ ‪ RRRV‬ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻉﻳﻦﺣﺎﻝ ﺳﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ]‪.[9‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺒﻨﺘﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺧﺎﺯﻥ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﻳﺎ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺧﺎﺯﻥ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻴﺪﻫﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ZnO SA‬‬

‫‪C.B.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪:2‬ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻮﺝ ‪ TRV‬ﻭ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ]‪[10‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ :1‬ﻃﺮﺡ ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮ ‪ ZnO‬ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ‬

‫‪.3‬ﻣﺪﻟﺴﺎﺯﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬
‫‪ .2‬ﻭﻟﺘﺎژ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﮔﺬﺭﺍ )‪ (TRV‬ﺩﺭ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ‬
‫‪ .3.1‬ﻣﺪﻝ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺮﻗﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﺮﻭﺩ ﻭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺩﻭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﺎﻻﺩﺳﺖ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦﺩﺳﺖ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﺭﺯﻭﻧﺎﻧﺴﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻴﺸﻮ ﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻫﺮ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﻠﻒ‬
‫ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺗﻜﻔﺎﺯ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ 3‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺧﺎﺯﻥ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﺪﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ FCL .‬ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺭﺯﻭﻧﺎﻧﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺳﺮﻱ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﺘﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫‪ RLC‬ﺳﺮﻱ ﻣﻴﺪﻫﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺮﺍﻱﻱ ﻫﺮ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻣﻲ‪-‬‬
‫ﺧﺎﺯﻥ ﻭ ﺳﻠﻒ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﺭﺯﻭﻧﺎﻧﺲ ‪ 50‬ﻫﺮﺗﺰ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ] ‪ .[11‬ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻭﻟﺘﺎژ ﺩﻭ ﺳﺮ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ‌ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‬
‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ‪ L-C‬ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻴﺪﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﻲ ‪-‬‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎً ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻭﻟﺘﺎژ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﮔﺬﺭﺍ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ]‪ .[8‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﭘﻴﻚ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﻟﺘﺎژ ﻭ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺩ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻴﺐ ﺁﻫﺴﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺠﻲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻧﺮﺥ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺁﻥ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﻣﻴﺂﻳﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ] ‪ .[11‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺖ ﺧﺎﺯﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻬﻮﻟﺘﺎژﻫﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮ )‪ (MOV‬ﺑﺎ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﻣﻲ ‪-‬‬
‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﺧﻄﺎ ﻭ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﮔﺬﺍﺭ ﺑﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻮﺝ‬
‫ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻭﻟﺘﺎژ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮ ‪2‬ﭘﺮﻳﻮﻧﻴﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ‬
‫ﻭﻟﺘﺎژ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﮔﺬﺭﺍ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻬﻬﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﻣﻴﺂﻳﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡﺷﺪﻩ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻴﺪﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺪﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻄﺎﻱ ﺳﻪﻓﺎﺯ‬
‫˾‬
‫˿‬
‫‪Short Line Fault‬‬ ‫ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﻳﺎ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﺰﻭﻟﻪ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ] ‪ .[9‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺭﺥ‬
‫‪Travelling Waves‬‬

‫‪2‬‬
 ‫ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪﻫﺎﻱ‪ TRV‬ﻭ ‪ RRRV‬ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺧﻄﺎ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺭﺯﻭﻧﺎﻧﺴﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮ‬

‫ﺑﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ ﻫﺸﺘﻤﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﺑﻴﻦﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﻕ – ‪ 1392‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫‪ .3.2‬ﻣﺪﻝ ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮ ﻏﻴﺮﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﻄﺎﻳﻲ ﺭﺥ ﻣﻴﺪﻫﺪ‬
‫ﺧﺎﺯﻥﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺘﺎژ ﺩﻭ ﺳﺮ ﺧﺎﺯﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻭ ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺖ ‪ ،TRV‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫‪ C 2 ،C 1‬ﻭ ‪ C P‬ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺧﺎﺯﻥ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺑﺎ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﺯﻥ ﻃﺮﻑ‬
‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﺝ ﮔﺬﺭﺍﻱ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ ] ‪ .[13-12‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ‬
‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬

‫‪ 1‬ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ‬ ‫‪ FCL‬ﺑﺎ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺧﺎﺯﻥ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﻠﻒ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺟﺪﻭﻝ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﺒﻴﻬﺴﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺳﺎﺩﻫﺸﺪﻩ‪ IEEE‬ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ ،5‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪:5‬ﻣﺪﻝ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ‪ IEEE‬ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮ )ﻣﺪﻝ ‪[14] (Pinceti‬‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪:3‬ﻣﺪﻝ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ‪ R‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ‪ 1MΩ‬ﻭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻍﻳﺮﺧﻄﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ‪:1‬ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‬

‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺪﻝ ‪ IEEE‬ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ 2‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ] ‪ .[15‬ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰ‬
‫‪20‬‬ ‫)‪V S (kV‬‬
‫ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ‪ L 0‬ﻭ ‪ L 1‬ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮ )ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ‪ (µH‬ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ )‪ (2 ) ،(1‬ﻭ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ‬
‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬

‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬

‫‪50‬‬ ‫)‪f (Hz‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ 3‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪1/925‬‬ ‫)‪L S (mH‬‬‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬

‫ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ‬
‫‪63/55‬‬ ‫)‪R S (mΩ‬‬
‫‪1 Vr1/T2 − Vr8/20‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‬
‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬

‫‪L0 = .‬‬ ‫‪.Vn‬‬ ‫)‪(1‬‬ ‫‪0/775‬‬ ‫)‪C 1 (µF‬‬

‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪Vr8/20‬‬
‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬

‫‪5/0‬‬ ‫)‪C 2 (nF‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬

‫‪1 Vr1/T2 − Vr8/20‬‬ ‫)‪(2‬‬

‫‪30/0‬‬ ‫)‪C P (nF‬‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫‪L1 = .‬‬
‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬

‫‪.Vn‬‬
‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪Vr8/20‬‬ ‫‪7/5‬‬ ‫)‪L FCL (mH‬‬
‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬
‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬

‫‪937/759‬‬ ‫)‪C FCL (µF‬‬

‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬

‫‪ Vr1/T 2‬ﻭﻟﺘﺎژ ﭘﺴﻤﺎﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ‪ Vn ،‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻭﻟﺘﺎژ ﻧﺎﻣﻲ ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﺝ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ‪ 10kA‬ﻭ ‪ Vr8/20‬ﻭﻟﺘﺎژ ﭘﺴﻤﺎﻧﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺧﻂ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ ،4‬ﻫﺎﺩﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺝ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ ‪ 10kA‬ﻭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ‪ 8/20µs‬ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ] ‪.[15‬‬
‫‪ ACSR‬ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﻴﻨﻚ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺴﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﺒﻴﻬﺴﺎﺯﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪:2‬ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ‪ U-I‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ‪.[16]A 1 ،A 0‬‬
‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬

‫)‪U (p.u‬‬
‫)‪I (kA‬‬
‫‪A1‬‬
‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪A0‬‬
‫‪R‬‬

‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪0/8750‬‬ ‫‪0/01‬‬

‫‪0/769‬‬ ‫‪0/963‬‬ ‫‪0/1‬‬
‫‪0/850‬‬ ‫‪1/05‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪0/894‬‬ ‫‪1/088‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪0/925‬‬ ‫‪1/125‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪0/938‬‬ ‫‪1/138‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪0/956‬‬ ‫‪1/169‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ :4‬ﺁﺭﺍﻳﺶ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﻓﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻂ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺎﺩﻱ ﻣﻴﻨﻚ‬
‫‪0/969‬‬ ‫‪1/188‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪0/975‬‬ ‫‪1/206‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫)ﻃﻮﻝ ﺧﻂ ‪ ،30km‬ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﺳﭙﻦ ‪(80m‬‬

‫‪3‬‬
 ‫ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪﻫﺎﻱ‪ TRV‬ﻭ ‪ RRRV‬ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺧﻄﺎ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺭﺯﻭﻧﺎﻧﺴﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮ‬

‫ﺑﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ ﻫﺸﺘﻤﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﺑﻴﻦﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﻕ – ‪ 1392‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪ TRV‬ﻭ ‪ RRRV‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ‬ ‫‪0/988‬‬ ‫‪1/231‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬
‫‪0/994‬‬ ‫‪1/250‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬
‫‪ 20kV‬ﻃﺒﻖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫‪ RRRV‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ‪ TRV‬ﻭ‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1/281‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬
‫‪ IEC60271‬ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ‪ 45/3kV‬ﻭ ‪ 1/05kV/µs‬ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ] ‪.[8‬‬
‫‪1/006‬‬ ‫‪1/313‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫‪ FCL‬ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ‪ TRV‬ﻭ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﻧﺼﺐ‬
‫‌‬
‫‪ RRRV‬ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪:3‬ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮ ‪ ZnO‬ﺑﺎ ﻭﻟﺘﺎژ ﻧﺎﻣﻲ ‪ 12/5 kV‬ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻛﺎﺗﺎﻟﻮگ‬
‫ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﺨﺮﺑﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﮕﺬﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺷﻜﻠﻬﺎﻱ ‪ 11‬ﻭ ‪ 12‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺷﺒﻴﻬﺴﺎﺯﻳﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ]‪[16‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺳﺮ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻡﻱﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ‬
‫‪(8/20)µs‬‬ ‫‪(1/...)µs‬‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫‪ TRV‬ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮ )‪(kA‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪2/5‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪ RRRV‬ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺘﺎژ ﭘﺴﻤﺎﻧﺪ‬
‫‪30/7‬‬ ‫‪29‬‬ ‫‪27/7‬‬ ‫‪33/5‬‬ ‫‪31/7‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮ )‪(kV‬‬

‫‪ .4‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺷﺒﻴﻬﺴﺎﺯﻱ‬
‫ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺧﻄﺎﻱ ﺳﻪ ‌ﻓﺎﺯ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺧﻄﺎﻱ‬
‫‪ FCL‬ﺷﺒﻴﻬﺴﺎﺯﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺳﻪﻓﺎﺯ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻧﺼﺐ‬
‫‌‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪:7‬ﻭﻟﺘﺎژ ﺩﻭ ﺳﺮ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺧﻄﺎﻱ ﺳﻪ ‌ﻓﺎﺯ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻴﻪﺳﺎﺯﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﺽ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺧﻄﺎ ‪ 60‬ﻡﻳﻠﻲﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ‌‬
‫‪FCL‬‬ ‫ﺭﺥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﺳﻪ ﺳﻴﻜﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﺧﻄﺎ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺧﻄﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺷﺒﻴﻬﺴﺎﺯﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ 6‬ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺧﻄﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺼﺐ ‪ FCL‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺧﻄﺎﻱ ﺳﻬﻔﺎﺯ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺱ ‪) A‬ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻨﺎﻝ( ﺭﺥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ‪-‬‬
‫ﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻡﻱﺷﻮﺩ ﻧﺼﺐ ‪ FCL‬ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺧﻄﺎ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﭘﻴﻚ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪:8‬ﻭﻟﺘﺎژ ﺩﻭ ﺳﺮ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺧﻄﺎﻱ ﺳﻪ ‌ﻓﺎﺯ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺼﺐ ‪FCL‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪:6‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺧﻄﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺼﺐ ‪FCL‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻠﻬﺎﻱ ‪ 7‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 10‬ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ‪ TRV‬ﺩﻭ ﺳﺮ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺧﻄﺎﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻬﻔﺎﺯ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ‬

‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺧﻄﺎﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻬﻔﺎﺯ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺼﺐ ‪ FCL‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺱ ‪ A‬ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪:9‬ﻭﻟﺘﺎژ ﺩﻭ ﺳﺮ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺧﻄﺎﻱ ﺳﻪﻓﺎﺯ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺼﺐ‬
‫ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻴﺪﻫﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﭘﻴﻚ ‪ TRV‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ‬
‫‪FCL‬‬
‫‪ FCL‬ﻧﺼﺐ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ‬

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 ‫ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪﻫﺎﻱ‪ TRV‬ﻭ ‪ RRRV‬ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺧﻄﺎ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺭﺯﻭﻧﺎﻧﺴﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮ‬

‫ﺑﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ ﻫﺸﺘﻤﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﺑﻴﻦﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﻕ – ‪ 1392‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪:13‬ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻋﺒﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪:10‬ﻭﻟﺘﺎژ ﺩﻭ ﺳﺮ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺧﻄﺎﻱ ﺳﻪ ‌ﻓﺎﺯ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺼﺐ‬
‫‪FCL‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺭﻭﺷﻦ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻳﻲ ﺭﻭﺵ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﻱ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺳﻪ ﺧﻄﺎﻱ ﺳﻪﻓﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺳﻪﻓﺎﺯ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺷﺒﻴﻬﺴﺎﺯﻱ ﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺷﻜﻠﻬﺎﻱ‬
‫‪ 14‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 17‬ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﺧﻄﺎ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻧﺼﺐ ‪ FCL‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ‬
‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﺧﻄﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﺭﺱﻱﺷﺪﻩ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻴﺪﻫﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ ﺑﺎ‬
‫‪ TRV‬ﻭ ‪ RRRV‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻧﺼﺐ ‪ FCL‬ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻄﺎﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪﺍﻱ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﭘﻴﻚ ‪ TRV‬ﺩﺭ ﺳﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ‪ ،FCL‬ﺑﺎ ‪ FCL‬ﻭ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪:11‬ﻭﻟﺘﺎژ ﺩﻭ ﺳﺮ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺧﻄﺎﻱ ﺳﻪ ‌ﻓﺎﺯ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺼﺐ ‪FCL‬‬
‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪ FCL‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺧﻄﺎﻱ ﺳﻪﻓﺎﺯ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻜﻲ ﺑﺎﺱ‬
‫ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺧﻄﺎ ﺍﺯ ‪ FCL‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ‬
‫ﻣﻴﻴﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﻮﭼﻚﺗﺮ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﭘﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻭﻟﺘﺎژ ﻧﺎﻣﻲ‬

‫‪ TRV‬ﻭ ‪ RRRV‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﺍﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻋﺒﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﺟﺬﺏﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻦ )ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺪﻥ( ﺁﻥ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻭﻟﺘﺎژ ﻧﺎﻣﻲ ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﻟﺘﺎژ ﻧﺎﻣﻲ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪:12‬ﻭﻟﺘﺎژ ﺩﻭ ﺳﺮ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺧﻄﺎﻱ ﺳﻪ ‌ﻓﺎﺯ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ‬
‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺼﺐ ‪FCL‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪ 13‬ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻋﺒﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺧﻄﺎﻱ ﺳﻬﻔﺎﺯ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻴﺪﻫﺪ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻧﻴﻢ ﺳﻴﻜﻞ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ‬
‫ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ ﺍﻣﺎ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ﻭ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺁﻥ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻋﺒﻮﺭﻱ‬
‫‪ 8.83 kA‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻴﺮﺳﺪ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻋﺒﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮ ‪ 10kA‬ﺟﻮﺍﺑﮕﻮ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪:14‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﭘﻴﻚ ‪ TRV‬ﺩﺭ ﻓﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺧﻄﺎﻱ ﺳﻬﻔﺎﺯ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻥﺷﺪﻩ‬

‫‪5‬‬
 ‫ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪﻫﺎﻱ‪ TRV‬ﻭ ‪ RRRV‬ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺧﻄﺎ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺭﺯﻭﻧﺎﻧﺴﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮ‬

‫ﺑﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ ﻫﺸﺘﻤﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﺑﻴﻦﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﻕ – ‪ 1392‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺧﺎﺯﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻱ‬
‫ﺩﻭ ﺳﺮ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺧﺎﺯﻥ ‪ C p‬ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺧﺎﺯﻥ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬
‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ‪ FCL‬ﻛﻪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ‪ RRRV‬ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﭘﻴﻚ ‪ TRV‬ﺭﺍ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬
‫‪ 18‬ﺗﺎ‪ 21‬ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪﺍﻧﻲ ﻧﻤﻴﺪﻫﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻮﺛﺮﺗﺮ ﻭ ﻛﻢ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻬﺘﺮ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺷﻜﻠﻬﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ‪ TRV‬ﻭ ‪ RRRV‬ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ‪ C p‬ﻭ ‪) C‬ﺧﺎﺯﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻭ ﺳﺮ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ(‬
‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺧﻄﺎﻱ ﺳﻪﻓﺎﺯ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺱ ‪ A‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻴﺪﻫﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﺰ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﭼﺸﻤﮕﻴﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪ RRRV‬ﻭ ﺩﺭﻉﻳﻦﺣﺎﻝ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻧﺎﭼﻴﺰ ‪ TRV‬ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻴﺪﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪:15‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﭘﻴﻚ ‪ TRV‬ﺩﺭ ﻓﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺧﻄﺎﻱ ﺳﻬﻔﺎﺯ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ‬

‫ﺷﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪:18‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﭘﻴﻚ ‪ TRV‬ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ‪C P‬‬

‫‪R‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪:16‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ‪ RRRV‬ﺩﺭ ﻓﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺧﻄﺎﻱ ﺳﻪ‌ﻓﺎﺯ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ‬

‫ﻧﺸﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪:19‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ‪ RRRV‬ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ‪C P‬‬

‫‪R‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪:17‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ‪ RRRV‬ﺩﺭ ﻓﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺧﻄﺎﻱ ﺳﻬﻔﺎﺯ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪:20‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﭘﻴﻚ ‪ TRV‬ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﺧﺎﺯﻥ ‪C‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ‌ﺳﺎﺯﻳﻬﺎ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻴﺪﻫﻨﺪ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﭘﻴﻚ ‪ TRV‬ﻭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪ RRRV‬ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ‬

‫‪6‬‬
 ‫ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺧﻄﺎ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺭﺯﻭﻧﺎﻧﺴﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮ‬RRRV ‫ ﻭ‬TRV‫ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪﻫﺎﻱ‬

‫ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬،‫ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬1392 – ‫ﺑﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ ﻫﺸﺘﻤﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﺑﻴﻦﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﻕ‬

Voltage with Presence of Superconducting FCL”, IEEE Electrical Power
and Energy Conference, PP.479-484, Nov. 2011.
[7] E.Calixte, Y.Yokomizu,H.Shimizu, T.Matsumura, “Theoretical
Expression of Rate of Rise of Recovery Voltage across a Circuit
Breaker Connected with Fault Current Limiter”, Electric Power Systems
Research, Vol. 75, pp. 1–8, 2005, Elsevier.
[8] International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC): “High Voltage
Switchgear and Controlgear-Part 100: HighVoltage Alternating Current
CircuitBreakers”, 62271-100, Edition 2, 2008.
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[11] Tosato, Fabio, and Stefano Quaia. "Reducing Voltage Sags through
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[13] CCON (North Northeast Operation Coordinating Committee), ‫ ﺩﺭ‬.‫ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‬RRRV ‫ ﻭ‬TRV ‫ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺑﺪﺗﺮ ﺷﺪﻥ‬،‫ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ‬
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Brazil,214, June 1991.
[14] P.Pinceti, M.Giannettoni, “A Simplified Model for Zinc Oxide Surge ‫ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﻪ‬.‫ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺭﺯﻭﻧﺎﻧﺲ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‬FCL ‫ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ‬RRRV ‫ﻭ‬
Arresters”, IEEE Transactions on PowerDelivery, Vol.14, No.2, pp.393-
398, Apr. 1999. ‫ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﺧﻄﺎﻱ ﺳﻪﻓﺎﺯ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ‬TRV ‫ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﭘﻴﻚ‬
[15] IEEE Working Group 3.4.11, “Modeling of Metal Oxide Surge
Arresters”, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 7, No.1, pp. 302-
‫ﻣﺤﻞ‬ ‫ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﺧﻄﺎ ﺍﺯ‬FCL ‫ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻜﻲ‬
309, January 1992.
‫ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻜﺘﻪ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ‬.‫ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻴﻴﺎﺑﺪ‬،FCL ‫ﻧﺼﺐ‬
[16] ABB MWK Surge Arrester Datasheet, Medium Voltage Products &
Systems. ‫ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺧﻄﺎ ﺩﺭ‬RRRV ‫ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ‬.‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﻴﺪﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺑﺮﻗﮕﻴﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺁﻥ‬FCL ‫ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻜﻲ‬
‫ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺷﺒﻴﻬﺴﺎﺯﻳﻬﺎ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻴﺪﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻃﺮﺡ‬.‫ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻗﺎﺑﻞﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻴﻴﺎﺑﺪ‬
‫ﺧﺎﺯﻥ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﻮﺛﺮﺗﺮ ﻭ ﻣﻄﻤﺌﻨﺘﺮ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ‬
‫ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻃﺮﺡ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻱ ﺳﺎﺩﻫﺘﺮ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺯﺍﻧﺘﺮ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬.‫ﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬
.‫ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬

‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬
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