BR No 290-Rev-01

Myladoor Consultancy Services
Structural Engineers and Architects

#80, Fifth Street Poompuhar Nagar Kolathur Post Chennai, TN
India – 600 099.
Client: Southern Railway, (CAO/CN/ERNAKULAM).

Consultant: Myladoor Consultancy Services, Chennai.
TRIVANDRUM DIVISION
ERNAKULAM-TRIVANDRUM SECTION
ROAD OVER BRIDGE NO. 290 AT km 58/900-59/000
EXG. 1x25150 SPAN RCC SLAB PROP. 1x40000 SK (24627 SQ)
CLEAR SPAN BOW STRING GIRDER SUPER STRUCTURE AND
1x11550 SQ (18760 SK) CLEAR SPAN PSC SOLID SLAB.
BETWEEN ETTUMANOOR AND KOTTYAM STATIONS (NAGAMPADAM)
PSC BOW STRING GIRDER (42.34m EFFECTIVE SPAN) + PSC SOLID SLAB
(21.10m EFFECTIVE SPAN)
(Alignment - skew 52º)
SUB-STRUCTURE DESIGN CALCULATION

STD OF LOADING : IRC 70R ONE LANE + CLASS A ONE LANE / CLASS A THREE LANES
Doc. No.: Rev-01 : 25-04-2015

MCS/2015/BR.NO.290/SUB/1
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not be passed to any person or body not authorized
by us to receive it nor be copied or otherwise be
made use of either in full or in part by such person
or body with our prior permission in writing.
Notes:
Revision Details:
AJV T.K JM
Rev. Date Details Init./ Sign Init./Sign Init./Sign
Prepared Checked Approved
Sub-Structure Design Calculation for Proposed Br.No. 290 (Bow String Girder Super Structure and PSC Solid Slab) Between Ettumanoor
and Kottyam Stations (Nagampadam)
Proposed Br.No. 290 (Bow String Girder Super Structure and PSC Solid Slab)
Between Ettumanoor & Kottyam Stations (Nagampadam)
DESIGN DATA
Unit Weight:
R.C.C = 2.5 t/m³
W.C = 2.5 t/m³
Soil = 1.8 t/m³
Super structure Details:

Skew angle = 52 °
Overall length of Deck Slab = 46.188 m
Over length of Girder = 45.00 m
Effective span = 42.34 m
Clear Span = 40.00 m
Level:
Finished road level = 13.375 M
Bottom of girder = 12.175 M
Top of abutment cap A1/Trestle beam = 11.695 M
Bottom of abutment cap A1 = 10.695 M
Bottom of trestle beam = 10.195 M
Top of abutment cap A2 = 11.690 M
Bottom of abutment cap A2 = 10.690 M
Proposed Rail level = 5.785 M
Formation Level = 5.045 M
Top of Pilecap for Abutment A1 & A2 = 5.000 M
Bot. of Pilecap for Abutment A1 & A2 = 3.500 M
Top of Pilecap for Pier P1 = 5.000 M
Bot. of Pilecap for Pier P1 = 3.500 M
Thickness of deck slab = 0.200 m at end 0.325 m at mid.
Width of deck Slab square = 15.70 m
No. of Psc girder = 2.00 nos
No. of cross girder = 16 nos
Bow string Girder (40m Clear span)

Dead load Calculations:
i) Psc Girder:
2
Area of PSC girder at end = 1.09 m
2
Area of PSC girder at middle = 0.93 m
2.73 t/m 2.33 t/m 2.73 t/m
2.5 1.5 37 1.5 2.5
DL of one girder = (2.73 x 2.5 x 2) + ((2.73+2.33)/2 x 1.5 x 2) + (2.33 x 37 x 1)

= 107.45 t
Weight of 1 Psc Girder = 108 t
No. of Psc girder = 2 nos
Total weight due to Psc Girder = 2x108
= 216 t
1
Myladoor consultancy services
ii) End Cross Girder:

Area of Cross Girder = 0.8 x 0.8
2
= 0.64 m
Skew Length of Cross Girder = 25.501 m
Weight of 1 Cross Girder = 0.64x25.501x2.5
= 40.8016 t
No. of girders = 2 nos
Total weight due to Cross Girder = 2x40.8016
= 81.6 t
say 83 t
iii) Intermediate Cross Girder:
Area of Intermediate Cross Girder = 0.6 x 0.68

2
= 0.408 m
Length of Intermediate Cross Girder = 15.700 m
Weight of 1 Intermediate Cross Girder = 0.408x15.7x2.5
= 16.014 t
Weight of Intermediate Girder = 6x16.014
= 96.08 t
(a) Length of Intermediate Cross Girder (a) = 13.25 m

= 13.515 t
= 27.03 t
(b) Length of Intermediate Cross Girder (b) = 11.07 m

= 11.2914 t
= 22.58 t
(c) Length of Intermediate Cross Girder (c) = 8.17 m

= 8.3334 t
= 16.67 t
(d) Length of Intermediate Cross Girder (d) = 5.27 m

= 5.3754 t
= 10.75 t
Total weight due to
Intermediate Girder = 96.08+27.03+22.58+16.67+10.75
= 173.11 t
say 174 t
2
iv) Deck Slab:
Varied thickness of deck slab = (0.2 + 0.325) / 2

= 0.263 m
Area of Deck Slab = 15.70 x 0.263
2
= 4.1291 m
Total weight due to Deck Slab = 4.1291x46.188x2.5
= 476.787 t
say 477 t
v) Arch Beam:
Area of Arch Beam at End = 1.2 x 0.5

2
= 0.6 m
Area of Arch Beam at Middle = 0.8 x 0.5
2
= 0.4 m
Avg. area = (0.6+0.4) / 2
2
= 0.5 m
Arc Length (from Autocad-Centre line) = 46.53 m
= 0.5x46.53x2.5
= 58.1625 t
No. of Arch Beam = 2 nos
Weight of Arch Beam = 2x58.1625
= 116.33 t
say 117 t
vi) Suspenders:
Area of Suspenders = 0.3 x 0.4

2
= 0.12 m
(a) Varied length of Suspenders (a) = 7.29 m

Weight of 1 Suspender = 0.12x7.29x2.5
= 2.187 t
No. of Suspenders = 4 nos
Weight of Suspenders = 4x2.187
= 8.75 t
(b) Varied length of Suspenders (b) = 6.75 m

= 2.025 t
= 8.1 t
(c) Varied length of Suspenders (c) = 5.67 m

= 1.701 t
= 6.8 t
3
(d) Varied length of Suspenders (d) = 4.02 m

= 1.206 t
= 4.82 t
(e) Varied length of Suspenders (e) = 1.83 m

= 0.549 t
= 2.2 t
Total weight due to
Suspenders = 8.75+8.1+6.8+4.82+2.2
= 30.67 t
say 31 t
vii) Arch Beam bracing:
Area of Suspenders = 0.5 x 0.4

2
= 0.2 m
(a) Varied length of Bracing Beam (a) = 16.08 m
Weight of 1 Bracing Beam = 0.2x16.08x2.5
= 8.04 t
No. of Bracing Beam = 2 nos
Weight of Bracing Beam = 2x8.04
= 16.08 t
(b) Varied length of Bracing Beam (b) = 14.855 m

= 7.43 t
= 14.86 t
(c) Varied length of Bracing Beam (c) = 21.886 m

= 10.94 t
= 21.88 t
(d) Varied length of Bracing Beam (d) = 23.481 m

= 11.74 t
= 23.48 t
Total weight due to
Arch Beam bracing = 16.08+14.86+21.88+23.48
= 76.3 t
say 77 t
Total Dead load from Super structure = 216+83+174+477+117+31+77
= 1175 t
4
Super Imposed Dead load Calculation:
i) Wearing coat:
Area of wearing coat = 0.075 x 10
2
= 0.75 m
Total weight due to Wearing coat = 0.75x46.188x2.5
= 86.6 t
say 87 t
ii) Crash barrier:

2
Area of Crash Barrier = 0.35 m
Total weight due to Crash Barrier = 0.35x46.188x2.5x2
= 80.83 t
= 81 t
iii) Projection below footpath (Kerb):

Area of Kerb = 0.1 x 0.3
2
= 0.03 m
Total weight due to Kerb = 0.03x46.188x2.5
= 3.46 t
No. of Kerb on Slab = 2 nos
= 3.46x2
= 6.92 t
say 7t
iv) Beam below footpath:

Area of Beam = 0.3 x 0.35
2
= 0.105 m
Total weight due to Beam = 0.105x46.188x2.5
= 12.12 t
No. of Beam on the Slab = 2 nos
= 12.12x2
= 24.24 t
say 25 t
v) Foot path slab:

Area of Foot path slab = 0.075 x 1.5
2
= 0.1125 m
Total weight due to Foot path Slab = 0.1125x46.188x2.5
= 12.99 t
No. of Foot path Slab = 2 nos
= 12.990375x2
= 25.98 t
say 26 t
vi) High raise parapet:

Area of High raise parapet = 0.2 x 2
2
= 0.4 m
5
Total weight due to High raise parapet = 0.4x46.188x2.5

= 46.188 t
No. of RCC parapet = 2 nos
= 46.188x2
= 92.376 t
say 93 t
vii) RCC pedestal

Length = 0.9 m
Breadth = 0.7 m
Height = 0.48 m
Total weight due to RCC pedestal = 0.9x0.7x0.48x2.5
= 0.756 t
No. of RCC pedestal = 4 nos
= 0.756x4
= 3.024 t
say 4t
Total SDL from Super structure = 87+81+7+25+26+93+4

= 323 t
Dead load due to PSC bow string = 1175 + 323

Girder span = 1498 t
say 1500 t
Earth pressure and Surcharge: (As per IRC 6:2010 clause 214)
Unit weight of soil, γ = 1.8 t/m³

Road level to b/o pile cap, h = 13.375 M - 3.500 M
= 9.875 m
Ka = Cos² (Ф-α)
Cos² α Cos(α+δ) [(1+sqrt Sin (Ф+δ)Sin (Ф-i)/Cos(α+δ)Cos(α-i)]2
Ф = 30 °
α = 0 °
δ = 15 °
I = 0 °
cos² ( 30 - 0) = 0.75
cos² 0 = 1
cos ( 0+15 ) = 0.97
sin ( 30 + 15) = 0.71
sin ( 30 - 0) = 0.5
cos ( 0-0 ) = 1
Ka = (cos²(30-0)
(cos² 0.cos(0+15)[(1+sqrt(sin(30+15)Sin(30- 0)/cos(0+15)cos(0-0))]^2)
Ka = 0.75/ (1x0.97[ 1 + sqrt (0.71x0.5/0.97x1) ]²

Ka = 0.30
6
For Abutment (A1) (As per cl: 214.1)

Active earth pressure co eff., Ka = 0.30
Earth pressure and Surcharge = 9.875 + 1.2
Combined height = 11.075 m
EP + Surcharge = Ka.γ.h
= 0.3 x 1.8 x 11.075
2
= 5.98 t/m
Lever arm, L.A. = 0.42 x h

= 4.652 m
For Abutment (A2) (As per cl: 214.1)

Road level to b/o pile cap, h = 13.170 M - 3.500 M
= 9.670 m
Active earth pressure co eff., Ka = 0.30
EP + Surcharge = Ka.γ.h
= 0.3 x 1.8 x 10.87
2
= 5.87 t/m

= 4.565 m
PSC Solid slab (18.76m Clear span)
Overall length of PSC Slab = 23.488 m

Clear Span = 18.76 m
Width of deck Slab square = 11.50 m
Dead load Calculations:
i) PSC Solid slab:

Thickness of PSC solid slab = 1m
Area of Slab = 11.50 x 1.000
2
= 11.5 m
Overall length of PSC Solid Slab = 23.488 m
Total weight due to PSC Solid Slab = 11.5x23.488x2.5
= 675.28 t
ii) Side projection:
Number of side projection = 2 nos
Area, A1 = 0.2 x 1.5
2
= 0.3 m
Area, A2 = 1/2 x 0.1 x 1.5
2
= 0.075 m
2
Total area = 0.375 m
Overall length of PSC Solid Slab = 23.488 m
Total weight due to PSC Solid Slab = 0.075x23.488x2.5x2
= 44.04 t
Total weight of Solid slab = 675.28 + 44.04
= 719.32 t
say 720 t
7
Super Imposed Dead load Calculation:
i) Wearing coat:
Area of wearing coat = 0.075 x 10
2
= 0.75 m
Total weight due to Wearing coat = 0.75x23.488x2.5
= 44.04 t
say 45 t
ii) Crash barrier:

2
Area of Crash Barrier = 0.35 m
Total weight due to Crash Barrier = 0.35x23.488x2.5x2
= 41.10 t
= 42 t
iii) Projection below footpath (Kerb):

Area of Kerb = 0.1 x 0.3
2
= 0.03 m
Total weight due to Kerb = 0.03x23.488x2.5
= 1.76 t
No. of Kerb on Slab = 2 nos
= 1.76x2
= 3.52 t
say 4t
iv) Beam below footpath:

Area of Beam = 0.3 x 0.35
2
= 0.105 m
Total weight due to Beam = 0.105x23.488x2.5
= 6.17 t
No. of Beam on the Slab = 2 nos
= 6.17x2
= 12.34 t
say 13 t
v) Foot path slab:

Area of Foot path slab = 0.075 x 1.5
2
= 0.1125 m
Total weight due to Foot path Slab = 0.1125x23.488x2.5
= 6.61 t
No. of Foot path Slab = 2 nos
= 6.61x2
= 13.22 t
say 14 t
8
vi) High raise parapet:

Area of High raise parapet = 0.2 x 2
2
= 0.4 m
Total weight due to High raise parapet = 0.4x23.488x2.5
= 23.49 t
No. of RCC parapet = 2 nos
= 23.49x2
= 46.98 t
say 47 t
vii) RCC pedestal

Length = 0.9 m
Breadth = 0.7 m
Height = 0.48 m
Total weight due to RCC pedestal = 0.9x0.7x0.48x2.5
= 0.76 t
No. of RCC pedestal = 8 nos
= 0.76x8
= 6.08 t
say 7t
Total SDL from Super structure = 45+42+4+13+14+47+7

= 172 t
Dead load and SDL from Super structure
For Abutment A1:

Dead load from Bow string girder span = 1175 t
= 1175/2
(half load for Abutment A1) = 587.5 t
SDL from Bow string girder span = 323
= 323/2
(half load for Abutment A1) = 161.5 t
Total load for Abutment A1 = 587.5+161.5
= 749 t
Adding other miscellaneous Load say 755 t
For Abutment A2:

Dead load from PSC Solid slab span = 720 t
= 720/2
(half load for Abutment A2) = 360 t
SDL from PSC Solid slab span = 172
= 172/2
(half load for Abutment A2) = 86 t
Total load for Abutment A2 = 360+86
= 446 t
Adding other miscellaneous Load say 450 t
For Pier P1:

DL & SDL from Bow string girder span = 755 t
DL & SDL from PSC Solid slab span = 450 t
Total load for Pier P1 = 755+450
= 1205 t
say 1210 t
9
Load Carried by 1 bearing

DL & SDL from Bow string girder span
No. of bearings = 2 nos
B1 & B2 = 755/2
= 377.5 t
say 380 t
DL & SDL from PSC Solid slab span
No. of bearings = 4 nos
S1, S2, S3 & S4 = 450/4
= 112.5 t
say 115 t
Dead weight of Trestle beam:

Height = 1.5 m
Width = 3.40 m
Length = 22.178 m
2
Area of Trestle beam = 1.5x3.4 = 5.100 m
Total weight due to Trestle beam = 5.1 x 22.178 x 2.5
= 282.8 t
say 285.0 t
Dead weight of Column:

Height = 5.195 m
Diameter = 1.50 m
Nos. = 5
Area of 1 column = πx 1.5² / 4
2
= 1.770 m
Total weight due to Column = 1.77 x 5.195 x 5 x 2.5
= 114.9 t
Haunch Area = 0.6 x 0.6
2
= 0.36 m
Nos = 10
Circumference of Haunch = πd
= 4.71 m
Load due to Haunch = 0.36 x 4.71 x 10 x 2.5
= 42.4 t
say 158.0 t
10
Live load :
A) Live load on Abutment (A1)

B) Live load on Abutment (A2)
C) Live load on Pier (P1)
A) Live load on Abutment (A1) :
i) Footpath live load (A1): [ As per clause 206.3 (c) (IRC 6:2010)]
P = P' - 260 + 4800 16.5 - W

L 15
2
P' = 500 kg/m
L = 42.34 m
W = 1.5 m
= 500 - 260 + 4800 16.5 - 1.5

42.34 15
2
= 353.368 kg/m
2
say 354 kg/m

= 354 x 1.5 x 46.188
1000
= 24.53 t
say 25 t
No. of footpath = 2 nos
= 2 x 25
= 50 t
Half Load to Trestle & Abt = 50/2
= 25 t
ii) Vehicle Live Load (A1):
Live load combination as per code. IRC 6:2010

a) Class 70R 1-lane and Class A 1-lane.
b) Class A 3-lane.
Class 70R loading :
Direction of vehicle movement

70R vehicle 28.24 m
Ra1 42.34m Rb
11
Assuming the rear end of Class 70R vehicle is at the support - Critical condition
Reaction due 70R vehicle

Ra+Rb = 100 t
Taking moment @ Rb
Ra1 x 42.34 = (17x42.24) + (17x40.87) + (17x37.82) + (17x36.45) + (12x34.32)
+ (12x32.8) + (8x28.84)
Ra1 x 42.34 = 3711.6
= 3711.62/42.34
Ra1 = 87.66 t
Rb = 100 - 87.66
= 12.34 t
Critical condition, = 87.66 t
Class A loading:
Class A vehicle 18.5 m Class A vehicle
Ra1 42.34m Rb
Ra+Rb = 69 t
Assuming the rear end of Class A vehicle is at the support - Critical condition
Taking moment @ Rb
Ra1 x 42.34 = (6.8x42.24) + (6.8x39.24) + (6.8x36.24) + (6.8x33.24) + (11.4x28.94)
+ (11.4x27.74) + (2.7x24.54) + (2.7x23.44) + (6.8x3.44) + (6.8x0.44)
= 1828.6
= 1828.61/42.34
Ra1 = 43.19 t
Rb = 69 - 43.19
= 25.81 t
12
Now,
Reaction due to class 70R loading = 87.66 t

Reaction due to class A loading = 43.19 t
Reaction due to Live load on Abutment = 130.85 t

(Class 70R 1-lane and Class A 1-lane)
b) Class A 3-lane.

3 - Class A vehicle = 43.19 x 3

(Class A 3-lane)
Summary of loads,
a) Class 70R 1-lane and Class A 1-lane. = 130.85 t
b) Class A 3-lane. = 129.57 t
Hence, Class 70R 1-lane and Class A 1-lane reaction is Critical and
it is considered for design.
Impact factor for concrete Bridge according to IRC 6:2010
As per Fig.5
For effective span 42.34m = 9.8 %
Impact factor = 1.098
No. of Bearings = 2 nos

Footpath live load on 1 bearing: = 25 t
= 25 / 2
= 12.5 t
= 130.85 t
Vehicle live load on 1 bearing: = 130.85 / 2
= 65.43 t
Live load with impact = 65.43 x 1.098
= 71.8421 t
say 72 t
Footpath + Vehicle live load = 72 + 12.5
say 85 t
B) Live load on Abutment (A2) :
i) Footpath live load (A2): [ As per clause 206.3 (b) (IRC 6:2010)]
P = P' - 40L - 300

9
2
P' = 500 kg/m
L = 21.1 m
W = 1.5 m
= 500 - 40 - 300
9
2
= 439.556 kg/m
2
say 440 kg/m
13

= 440 x 1.5 x 23.488
1000
= 15.5 t
say 16 t
No. of footpath = 2 nos
= 2 x 16
= 32 t
Half Load to Trestle & Abt = 32/2
= 16 t
ii) Vehicle Live Load (A2):

b) Class A 3-lane.
Class 70R loading :

7m
70R vehicle
Ra2 21.1m Rb
Assuming the rear end of Class 70R vehicle is at the support - Critical condition

Ra+Rb = 100 t
Taking moment @ Rb
Ra2 x 21.1 = (17x21) + (17x19.63) + (17x16.58) + (17x15.21) + (12x13.08)
+ (12x11.56) + (8x7.6)
Ra2 x 21.1 = 1587.6
= 1587.62/21.1
Ra2 = 75.24 t
Rb = 100 - 75.24
= 24.76 t
14
Class A loading:
Class A vehicle 1.6 m
Ra2 21.1m Rb
Ra+Rb = 55.4 t
Assuming the rear end of Class A vehicle is at the support - Critical condition
Taking moment @ Rb
Ra2 x 21.1 = (6.8x21) + (6.8x18) + (6.8x15) + (6.8x12) + (11.4x7.7)
+ (11.4x6.5) + (2.7x3.3) + (2.7x2.2)
= 625.53
= 625.53/21.1
Ra2 = 29.65 t
Rb = 55.4 - 29.65
= 25.75 t
Now,


b) Class A 3-lane.


(Class A 3-lane)
Summary of loads,
15
Hence, Class 70R 1-lane and Class A 1-lane reaction is Critical and
it is considered for design.
As per Fig.5
No. of Bearings = 4 nos

Footpath live load on 1 bearing: = 16 t
= 16 / 4
= 4t
= 104.89 t
Vehicle live load on 1 bearing: = 104.89 / 4
= 26.22 t
= 30.5725 t
say 31 t
Footpath + Vehicle live load = 31 + 4
say 40 t
C) Live load on Pier (P1) :
i) Footpath live load (P1): [ As per clause 206.3 (b) & (c) (IRC 6:2010)]
P = P' - 260 + 4800 16.5 - W for 42.34m span

L 15
2
P = 354 kg/m
P = P' - 40L - 300 for 21.1m span

9
2
P = 440 kg/m
Half load from 42.34m span = 25 t

Half load from 21.1m span = 16 t
Total Footpath Live load = 41 t
ii) Vehicle Live Load (P1):

b) Class A 3-lane.
Considering two condtions
i) Rear end of 70R vehicle at the start of Longer span
ii) 70R vehicle at the end of shorter span
Longer span = 42.34 m

Shorter span = 21.1 m
i) Rear end of 70R vehicle at the start of Longer span
Class 70R loading :
16
Longer span Direction of vehicle movement
28.23 m
70R vehicle
Ra 42.34m Rb
When the Rear end of the 1st 70R vehicle is at start of Longer span, succeeding vehicle with
30m spacing is not inside the Shorter span.
Taking moment @ Rb
Ra x 42.34 = (17x0.1) + (17x1.47) + (17x4.52) + (17x5.89) + (12x8.02)
+ (12x9.54) + (8x13.5)
Ra x 42.34 = 522.38
= 522.38/42.34
Ra = 12.34 t
So, Rb = 100 - 12.34
= 87.66 t
So, Rb for 70R vehicle = 87.66 t

= 87.66 t
Class A loading:
Considering same vehicle position for Class A vehicle also
( Nose of 70R and Nose Class A vehicle are at same location)
Shorter span Direction of vehicle movement
Rb 21.1m Rc
As the Length of Class A vehicle is 20.3m, the rear end loads will be placed over the shorter span also.
Taking moment @ Rc
Rb x 21.1 = (6.8x18.967) + 5.90 - 2.79
= 132.09
= 132.0856/21.1
Rb = 6.26 t
17
28.23 m Class A vehicle
Rb 42.34m Rc
Taking moment @ Rb
Ra x 42.34 = (6.8x0.71) + (6.8x3.71) + (11.4x8.01) + (11.4x9.21) + (2.7x12.41)
+ (2.7x13.51)
= 296.35
= 296.348/42.34
Ra = 7.00 t
So, Rb = 41.8 - 6.999
= 34.801 t
So, Rb for Class A vehicle = 6.26 + 34.801

= 41.061 t
ii) 70R vehicle at the end of shorter span

Class 70R loading :
Shorter span
6.080 m
70R vehicle
Rb 21.1m Rc

Rb+Rc = 100 t
Taking moment @ Rc
Rb x 21.1 = (17x14.11) + (17x12.74) + (17x9.69) + (17x8.32) + (12x6.19)
+ (12x4.67) + (8x0.71)
Rb x 21.1 = 898.62 = 898.62/21.1
Rb = 42.59 t
18
20.763 m
70R vehicle
Ra 42.34m Rb
When the 1st vehicle is at end of shorter span, succeeding vehicle with 30m spacing on the longer span
is considered.
Taking moment @ Rb
Ra x 42.34 =(17x34.773) + (17x33.403) + (17x30.353) + (17x28.983) + (12x26.853)
+ (12x25.333) + (8x21.373)
Ra x 42.34 = 2964.9
= 2964.92/42.34
Ra = 70.03 t
So, Rb = 100 - 70.03
= 29.97 t
So, Rb for 70R vehicle = 42.59 + 29.97
= 72.56 t
Class A loading:
Considering same vehicle position for Class A vehicle
( Nose of 70R and Class A vehicle are at same position)
Shorter span Direction of vehicle movement
Class A vehicle 0.1m
Rb 21.1m Rc
Taking moment @ Rc
Rb x 21.1 = (6.8x19.5) + (6.8x16.5) + (6.8x13.5) + (6.8x10.5) + (11.4x6.2) + (11.4x5)
+ (2.7x1.8) + (2.7x0.7)
= 542.43
= 542.43/21.1
Rb = 25.71 t
19
Rb 42.34m Rc
Taking moment @ Rb
Ra x 42.34 = (2.7x15.243) + (2.7x16.343) + (11.4x19.543) + (11.4x20.743)
+ (6.8x25.043) + (6.8x28.043) + (6.8x31.043) + (6.8x34.043)
= 1348.1
= 1348.1122/34.801
Ra = 31.84 t
So, Rb = 55.4 - 31.84
= 23.56 t
So, Rb for Class A vehicle = 25.71 + 23.56

= 49.27 t
Now,
Condition i) 70R vehicle at the start of shorter span

Reaction due to Live load on Pier (P1) = 128.721 t
b) Class A 3-lane.
(Class A 3-lane)
Condition ii) 70R vehicle at the end of shorter span

b) Class A 3-lane.
(Class A 3-lane)
Summary of loads,
20
Single Span case: (Critical load is 70R 1-lane and Class A 1-lane)
As per Fig.5
No. of Bearings on Bow string girder span = 2 nos

70R vehicle = (87.66)/2
= 43.83 t
Class A vehicle = (34.801)/2
= 17.4 t
= 67.23 t
Foot path live load = 25 t
= 25 / 2
= 12.5 t
B1 & B2 = 67.23 + 12.5
= 79.73 t
say 85 t
As per Fig.5
No. of Bearings on PSC Solid slab span = 4 nos
= 1.565 t
= 1.72 t
= 16 / 4
= 4t
S1, S2, S3 & S4 = 1.72 + 4
= 5.72 t
say 10 t
Double Span case: (Critical load is Class A 3-lane)

As per Fig.5
No. of Bearings on Bow string girder span = 2 nos

= 35.34 t
= 38.8 t
= 25 / 2
= 12.5 t
B1 & B2 = 38.8 + 12.5
= 51.3 t
say 55 t
21

As per Fig.5
No. of Bearings on PSC Solid slab span = 4 nos
= 19.2825 t
= 21.17 t
= 16 / 4
= 4t
S1, S2, S3 & S4 = 21.17 + 4
= 25.17 t
say 30 t
INPUT FOR STAAD ANALYSIS :
Single Span case: (Critical load is 70R 1-lane and Class A 1-lane) - Live load case 1
Load on bearing Bow string Girder span :
(Input for STAAD) Dead load = 380 t

(Input for STAAD) Live load = 85 t
Load on Bearing PSC Solid slab span :

Stepped trestle on PSC Slab portion ht = 0.2 m

width = 1.495 m
UDL on Stepped portion = 0.2 x 1.495 x 2.5
(Input for STAAD) = 0.7475 t/m
Double Span case: (Critical load is Class A 3-lane) - Live load case 2
Load on bearing Bow string Girder span :

Load on Bearing PSC Solid slab span :

Stepped trestle on PSC Slab portion ht = 0.2 m

width = 1.495 m
UDL on Stepped portion = 0.2 x 1.495 x 2.5
22
Seismic force Calculation: (As per clause 219 IRC 6:2010)
Z = Zone factor ( zone(III) ) = 0.16

I = a coefficient depending upon the importance of the structure (see clause 219.5.1.1)
For important bridges I = 1.2 (Table 7)
T is the Period in sector horizontal vibrations = 0.4 sec
Sa/g is spectrial acceleration coefficient = 2.5
R is Response reduction factor = 3
(Cl: 219.5.1) Ah = (Z/2) x (I/R) x (Sa/g)

Ah = (0.16/2) x (1.2/3) x (2.5)
= 0.08
Longitudinal Forces due to Live load for Abutment A1:
case (i) Class 70R 1-lane and Class A 1-lane.

case (ii) Class A 3-lane.
(i) Class 70R 1-lane and Class A 1-lane: (clause 211.2-IRC 6-2010)
In case of bridges having more than two-lanes :

20% of longitudinal forces considered for 1 - Lane
Longitudinal load on each side

70R - Vehicle 20% of 100 t = 20 t
Class A - Vehicle 5% of 55.4 t = 2.77 t
Succeeding vehicle
lane of ClassA - 10% of 13.6 t = 1.36 t
Total = 24.13 t
50% of Longitudinal Load is acting on One Support = 24.13/2

= 12.065 t
(ii) Class A 3-lane: (clause 211.2-IRC 6-2010)
Total weight of Class A - train vehicle = 2.7+2.7+11.4+11.4+6.8+6.8+6.8+6.8

= 55.4 t
Succeeding vehicle = 6.8+6.8
= 13.6 t
23

Succeeding vehicle
Total = 15.89 t
= 7.945 t
case (i) Longitudinal load from Class 70R 1-lane and Class A 1-lane is maximum.
Hence it is adopted for Design of Abutment A1.
Wind force Calculation for Abutment A1: (As per clause 209 IRC 6:2010)
i) Wind force on Live load.
ii) Wind force on Super structure.
iii) Wind force on Sub structure.
i) Wind force on Live Load:
Overall length of Longer span = 46.188 m

Overall length of Shorter span = 5.48 m
Road Level to bottom of girder = 1.2 m
As per fig.6 = 39 m/s
As per IRC 6-2010 clause 209.2 Table 4.
The lateral wind force against any exposed moving live load shall be considered
as acting at 1.5m above the road way
Horizontal wind pressure in N/m² = 463.7 N/m² (for 33 m/s)
at height H(upto 10m), Pz = 47.27 kg/m²
As per IRC 6-2010 clause 209.3.7 the bridges shall not be considered to be carrying
any live load when the wind speed at deck level exceeds 36 m/s
So wind speed 36m/s is considered in the design
for = 36 m/s
(For 36 m/s) = 463.7 / 33 = 14.05
= 505.87 N/m² (14.052 x 36)
= 51.57 kg/m²
Lateral wind force on live load = 51.57 kg/linear m

= 0.052 t/m
Live load should be acting at a distance
Heignt of live load = 1.0 m ( Neglect solid barrier height )
Lever arm (1.2+2+0.5) = 3.7 m top of bearing
Length of wheel load = 20.3 m
Total load at Span portion = 0.052x1x20.3

= 1.06 t
Wind force due to LL on Abutment = 1.06 / 2
Pz.A1 = 0.53 t
G , Gust Factor = 2.00
CD ,Drag Coefficient
b/d ratio = 15.7 / 1.2
= 13.08 > 10
Drag coefficient for Single beam = 1.3
for 2 or more beams = 1.5 x 1.3
CD = 1.95
24
Therefore Transverse wind force,
FT = Pz x A1 x G x CD
FT = 0.53 x 2.00 x 1.95
FT = 2.07 t
Hence, Lever arm for Live load = 3.700 + 8.675
= 12.375 m
ii) Wind force acting on super structure:
The transverse wind force FT (in N) Length of

Super structure affected by wind = 46.19 m
depth (t/o parapet to b/o girder) = 3.25 m
Area of (parapet to b/o girder) = 150.11 m²
Bow string affected by wind (Auto cad) = 35.86 m²
Pz , The hourly Mean wind pressure = 505.87 N/m²
A1, Solid Area in m² = 185.97 m²
Half Area A1 for one Abutment (A1) = 185.97 / 2
= 92.985 m²
G , Gust Factor = 2
CD ,Drag Coefficient = 1.95
FT = 505.87 x 92.99 x 2 x 1.95
FT = 183449.46 N
= 18.71 t
Hence, Lever arm for Super Structure = 1.625 + 8.675
= 10.300 m
iii) Wind Load on sub structure :
Calculating the wind load acting directly on sub structure. Loads for wind directions both normal
and skewed to the longitudinal centerline of the super structure shall be considered.
FT shall be computed using expression in clause 209.3.3
From Table 5. Drag Coefficient CD
Height / Breadth, for CD = 10.875 / 8.527
= 1.28
t/b = 14.5 / 8.527
= 1.7
Therefore, CD = 0.95
FT , Transverse wind force = Pz x A1 x G x CD
A1 , Area = 92.73 m² (9.33 x 8.527)
A1 , Solid Area in projection of Abutment = 92.73 m²
G , Gust Factor = 2
FT = 505.87 x 92.73 x 2 x 0.95
FT = 88940.08 N
= 9.072 t
Hence, Lever arm for Substructure = 10.875 / 2
( 1m height parapet considered) = 5.438 m
25
Longitudinal Forces due to Live load for Abutment A2:


20% of longitudinal forces considered for 1st - 2 Lanes and 5% in excess of 2lanes.

70R - Vehicle 20% of 100 t = 20 t
Total = 22.77 t

= 11.385 t

= 55.4 t

Total = 13.85 t
50% of Longitudinal Load is acting on One Support = 13.85 / 2

= 6.925 t
Wind force Calculation for Abutment A2: (As per clause 209 IRC 6:2010)

26

Road Level to Psc slab = 1m
for = 36 m/s
(For 36 m/s) = 463.7 / 33 = 14.05
= 505.87 N/m² (14.052 x 36)
= 51.57 kg/m²
Wind pressure/linear m on live load = 51.57 kg/m

= 0.052 t/m
Lever arm (1+2+0.5) = 3.5 m top of bearing

= 1.06 t
Pz.A1 = 0.53 t
b/d ratio = 15.7 / 1.2
= 13.08 > 10
CD = 1.1
FT = 0.53 x 2.00 x 1.1
FT = 1.17 t
= 12.175 m

Half Area A1 for one Abutment (A1) = 70.46 / 2
= 35.23 m²
27
G , Gust Factor = 2
FT = 505.87 x 35.23 x 2 x 1.1
FT = 39207.96 N
= 4.00 t
= 10.175 m
Height / Breadth, for CD = 10.875 / 8.527
= 1.28
t/b = 14.5 / 8.527
= 1.7
Therefore, CD = 0.95

A1 , Area = 92.73 m² (9.33 x 8.527)
A1 , Solid Area in projection of Abutment = 92.73 m²
G , Gust Factor = 2

FT = 505.87 x 92.73 x 2 x 0.95
FT = 88940.08 N
= 9.072 t
Hence, Lever arm for Substructure = 10.875 / 2
( 1m height parapet considered) = 5.438 m
Longitudinal Forces due to Live load for Pier P1:


20% of longitudinal forces considered for 1 - Lane
28

70R - Vehicle 20% of 100 t = 20 t
Succeeding vehicle
70R - Vehicle 10% of 100 t = 10 t
Total = 35.54 t

= 17.77 t

= 55.4 t
Succeeding vehicle = 2.7+2.7+11.4+11.4+6.8+6.8+6.8+6.8
= 55.4 t

Succeeding vehicle
Total = 22.16 t
50% of Longitudinal Load is acting on One Support = 22.16 / 2

= 11.08 t
Length of Trestle beam = 22.178 m
Longitudinal load per 'm' run = 17.77 / 22.178
Wind force Calculation for Pier P1: (As per clause 209 IRC 6:2010)


Road Level to bottom of girder = 1.2 m
29

for = 36 m/s
(For 36 m/s) = 463.7 / 33 = 14.05
= 505.87 N/m² (14.052 x 36)
= 51.57 kg/m²
Wind pressure/linear m on live load = 51.57 kg/m

= 0.052 t/m
Lever arm (1.2+2+0.5) = 3.7 m top of bearing

= 2.11 t
considering vehicle is near the abutment = 0.052x1x40.6

= 2.11 t
Pz.A1 = 1.06 t
b/d ratio = 15.7 / 1.2
= 13.08 > 10
Drag coefficient for Single beam = 1.1 (Taking avg.)
for 2 or more beams = 1.5 x 1.1
CD = 1.65
FT = 1.06 x 2.00 x 1.65
FT = 3.48 t
= 10.875 m
Hence, Moment due to wind load on = 3.482 x 10.875

Live load = 37.861 tm

Super structure affected by wind = (46.188/2) + (23.487/2)
30
Bow string affected by wind (Auto cad) = 35.86 m²

Area A1 for one Pier (P1) = 131.15 m²
G , Gust Factor = 2
FT = 505.87 x 131.15 x 2 x 1.65
FT = 218938.01 N
= 22.33 t
= 8.800 m
Hence, Moment due to wind load on = 22.330 x 8.800

Super structure = 196.504 tm
Moment due to wind on live load = 37.861 tm

Moment due to wind on Super structure = 196.504 tm
Total moment, Transverse direction = 234.365 tm
For 1 column, = 234.365 / 5
= 46.873 tm (Input for STAAD)
Height / Breadth, t/b = 5.195 / 1.2
= 4.33
Vz Hourly mean speed of wind = 27.8 m/s
tVz = 5.195 x 27.8
= 144.42 m²/s > 6 m²/s
Circle with smooth surface & t/b = 4.33
Therefore, CD = 0.5
A1 , Trestle beam, = 8.2845 m² (5.523 x 1.5)
Haunch top, = 0.09 m² (0.3x0.3x0.5x2)
Haunch bottom, = 0.09 m² (0.3x0.3x0.5x2)
Column, = 7.7925 m² (5.195 x 1.5)
16.26 m²
A1 , Solid Area in projection of pier = 16.26 m²
G , Gust Factor = 2

FT = 505.87 x 16.26 x 2 x 0.5
FT = 8223.93 N
= 0.839 t
= 0.839 / 6.695
= 0.125 t/m (Input for STAAD)
31
Wind load perpendicular to pilecap

Area of trestle = (22.178x1.5)
= 33.27 m²
= 0.052 x 33.27 x 2 x 0.5
= 1.72 t
= 1.72 / 22.178
Face Area of column = 7.79 m²
= 0.052 x 7.79 x 2 x 0.5
= 0.40 t
= 0.402 / 5.195
32
Sub-Structure Design Calculation for Proposed Br.No. 290 (Bow String Girder Super Structure and PSC Solid Slab) Between
Ettumanoor and Kottyam Stations (Nagampadam)
Calculating the capacity of pile for intermediate Geomaterail & Rocks :

As per Bore log report 1 : [ As per IRC 78 : 2014 Appendix-5 ]
For Abutment (A1)
Upto 1.5 m - Soil with Boulders
1.5 m - 3m - Red earth with yellow laterite N = 57
3 m- 6 m - Sand N = 51
6 m- 10.5 m - Sand N = 90
10.5 m - 13.15 m - Sand N = 110
13.2 m - 13.95 m - Soft Rock
14 m - 15.95 m - Hard Rock N = 150 assumed for Hard rock
9. Capacity of Piles in Intermediate Geo-material and Rock

Method 2:
Hence, capacity of piles in rock = Qu = Re + Raf = Cu.b . Nc . Ab + As Cu.s
Qallow = (Re/3) + (Raf/6)
Where,
Re = Ultimate end bearing
Raf = Ultimate side socket shear
Qallow = Allowable capacity of pile
Cu.b = Average shear strength below base of pile, for depth equal to twice = 1.3 Mpa
the diameter/least lateral dimension of pile, based on avg. 'N' value
of this region
Cu.s = Ultimate shear strength along socket length, to be obtained based on = 1.3 Mpa
avg. 'N' value of socket portion
As = Surface area of socket π x 1000 x 1750 = 5497787.14 mm²
Ab = Cross-section area of base of pile π/4 x 1000 ² = 785398.16 mm²
Nc = 9
Re = FOS for Ultimate end bearing (cl. 709.3.2-IRC 78-2014) = 3
Raf = FOS for Ultimate side socket shear (cl. 709.3.2-IRC 78-2014) = 6
Qu = Re + Raf
Re = Cu.b . Nc . Ab
Raf = As Cu.s
Re = 1.3 x 9 x 785398.16
= 9189158.47 N
= 936.71 t
Raf = 1.3 x 5497787.14
= 7147123.28 N
= 728.55 t

= (936.71/3) + (728.55/6)
= 312.2 + 121.4
= 433.7 t
say 425 t
NOTE: Pile should be anchored 0.5m into the hard rock.
33
Sub-Structure Design Calculation for Proposed Br.No. 290 (Bow String Girder Super Structure and PSC Solid Slab) Between Ettumanoor and Kottyam Stations (Nagampadam)
DESIGN OF ABUTMENT (A1)

Levels :
Road Level = + 13.375 M
Bottom of Girder = + 12.175 M
Top of Abt cap = + 11.695 M
Top of Pile cap Level = + 5.000 M
Bottom of Pile cap level = + 3.500 M
Calculation of Z for pile group :
3
Z xx = 16 x 2 ² = 32 m
2.000
Z yy = 2 x 1.059 ² + 2 x 4.061 ² + 2 x 7.061 ²

2 x 10.06 ² + 2 x 13.06 ² + 2 x 1.941 ² =
2 x 4.941 ² + 2 x 7.941 ² 861.04962
13.061 13.061
3
= 65.93 m
34
Self weight of pile

2
Area of 1m dia pile = π d /4
2
= 0.785 m
Depth of pile till fixity = 5.19 m
= 0.785 x 5.19 x 2.5
= 10.19 t
Calculation for Depth of Fixity for pile: IS 2911 (Part 1/Sec 2) : 2010 ANNEX C
Lateral capacity of the pile :
The pile is bored pile.
Dia of pile = 1m
Grade of concrete for pile M30 (fck) = 35 N/mm2
Youngs modulus of concrete E = 5000x√fck
= 29580.4 N/mm2
2
= 3E+07 kN/m
Moment of inertia of pile I =πx1^4/64 = 4.91E-02 m^4
Depth of fixity for Pile :

C-2 Stiffness factor
ηh = 20 x 103 kN/m3 ( Table 3: modulus of sub grade reaction)
For piles in sand and normally loaded clays
5
Where T = √(EI/ηh)
T = 2.36 m
Equivalent length of cantilever for fixed head
Corresponding L1/T = 2.2 (From fig.3 - Depth fixity)
Hence Lf = 2.2x T
Lf = 5.19 m
Depth of Fixity = 5.19 m
2xT = 2 x 2.36
= 4.72 m < 5.19 m
4xT = 4 x 2.36
= 9.44 m > 5.19 m
Hence, the pile has both Short rigid pile behaviour and Long elastic behaviour
35
CALCULATION FOR LOAD ON PILE: (SERVICEABILITY CONDITION) - TAKING MOMENT ABOUT CENTRE OF FRONT PILE
LA abt
Horizon Vertical BM
S NO DESCRIPTION OF WORKS LF centre BM
tal load load Mxx
of pile Myy
I Self Weight of "Super Structure" in tons 755 x 1 1.00 755.00 0.22 166.10
II LIVE LOAD
Live load with impact 143.7 x 1 1.00 143.67 0.22 31.61
Footpath live load 25.0 x 1 1.00 25.00 0.22 5.50
III BM due to LL eccentricity y-y 70R vehicle 2.458 x 96.25 (LL alone) 236.6
Class A vehicle -1.340 x 47.42 (LL alone) -63.5
IV WEIGHT OF CONCRETE
1 Abutment cap 2.300 x 1.00 x 23.552 x 2.5 1.00 135.42 0.65 88.03
2 Upright slab 0.600 x 5.695 x 23.552 x 2.5 1.00 201.19 -0.20 -40.24
3 Dirt wall 0.300 x 1.68 x 23.552 x 2.5 1.00 29.68 1.575 46.74
4 Approach slab 0.200 x 2.925 x 21.116 x 2.5 1.00 30.88 3.187 98.42
5 Return wall - 1 0.75 x 8.375 x 4.629 x 2.5 x 2 1.00 145.38 3.187 463.32
Return wall - 2 0.75 x 5.695 x 2.761 x 2.5 x 2 1.00 58.96 0.950 56.02
6 Counterfort-rectangle 0.45 x 5.695 x 2.761 x 2.5 x 3 1.00 53.07 0.950 50.41
Counterfort-triangle (avg. base) 0.45 x 5.695 x 3.370 x 2.5 x 3 x 0.5 1.00 32.39 2.315 74.98
7 Pile cap 5.5 x 1.5 x 23.877 x 2.5 1.00 492.46 2.00 984.93
V EARTH WEIGHT
1 Earth weight behind Abt cap 3.025 x 8.175 x 21.116 x 1.8 x 1 1.00 939.93 3.238 3043.51
2 Earth weight below Abt cap 1.625 x 5.695 x 21.116 x 1.8 x 1 1.00 351.75 0.913 321.15
Deducting counterfort load
Counterfort-rectangle 0.45 x 5.695 x 2.761 x 1.8 x 3 1.00 -38.21 0.950 -36.30
Counterfort-triangle (avg. base) 0.45 x 5.695 x 3.370 x 1.8 x 3 x 0.5 1.00 -23.32 2.315 -53.98
VII Earth pressure + surcharge 5.98 x 11.075 x 23.552 x 0.5 1.00 779.91 -4.652 -3628.13
VIII BM due to longitudinal force (70R vehicle - 1lane + Class A - 1lane) = 12.065 1.00 12.07 -8.675 -104.66
791.97 3333.26 1567.39 173.0
Eccentricity about x-x

Point of application of the resultant x-x = 1567.39 / 3333.26
= 0.47 m
Eccentricity about x-x = 0.47 - 2.0 --> (5.5/2)-0.75
= 1.53 m
= 3333.26 x 1.530
= 5099.89 tm
36
Load on pile Max. & Min. load on pile = P/A + Mxx/Zxx + Myy/Zyy + Self weight
of pile
Maximum load on pile = 3333 + 5099.9 + 173.0 + 10.2
16 32.00 65.92524
= 208.3 + 159.372 + 2.624759 + 10.2

= 380.52 t
Minimum load on pile = 3333 - 5099.890 - 173.0 + 10.2

16 32.000 65.92524
= 208.3 - 159.372 - 2.624759 + 10.2

= 56.52 t
Max. BM on pile
Horizontal load x-x = 791.97 t
Load for 1 pile = 791.97 / 16
= 49.498 t
Lever arm = (5.19 / 2)
= 2.595 m
= 128.448 tm IS 2911 (Part 1/Sec 2) : 2010
Reduction factor for normally loaded clays = 0.81 x 128.45 = 104.0 tm (based on L1/T Fig.5)
37
CALCULATION FOR LOAD ON PILE: (ULTIMATE CONDITION) - TAKING MOMENT ABOUT CENTRE OF FRONT PILE
Horizon Vertical LA abt BM BM
S NO DESCRIPTION OF WORKS LF
tal load load centre Mxx Myy
II LIVE LOAD
1 Abutment cap 2.300 x 1.00 x 23.552 x 2.5 1.35 182.82 0.65 118.83
2 Upright slab 0.600 x 5.70 x 23.552 x 2.5 1.35 271.61 -0.20 -54.32
3 Dirt wall 0.300 x 1.68 x 23.552 x 2.5 1.35 40.06 1.58 63.10
5 Return wall - 1 0.750 x 8.38 x 4.629 x 2.5 x 2 1.35 196.26 3.19 625.49
Return wall - 2 0.750 x 5.70 x 2.761 x 2.5 x 2 1.35 79.60 0.95 75.62
Counterfort-triangle 0.450 x 5.70 x 3.370 x 2.5 x 3 x 0.5 1.35 43.72 2.32 101.22
7 Pile cap 5.500 x 1.50 x 23.877 x 2.5 1.35 664.83 2.00 1329.65
V EARTH WEIGHT
Counterfort-triangle 0.45 x 5.695 x 3.370 x 1.8 x 3 x 0.5 1.50 -34.98 2.32 -80.97
1187.96 4709.73 2052.78 259.6

= 0.436 m
= 1.564 m
= 4709.73 x 1.564
= 7366.02 tm
38
of pile
16 32.00 65.92524
= 294.4 + 230.188 + 3.937138 + 10.2

= 538.67 t

16 32.00 65.92524
= 294.4 - 230.188 - 3.937138 + 10.2

= 70.42 t
Max. BM on pile
Load for 1 pile = 1187.96 / 16
= 74.248 t
Lever arm = (5.19 / 2)
= 2.595 m
= 192.672 tm IS 2911 (Part 1/Sec 2) : 2010
39
CALCULATION FOR LOAD ON PILE: (NORMAL CONDITION WITH WIND) - TAKING MOMENT ABOUT CENTRE OF FRONT PILE
II LIVE LOAD
1 Abutment cap 2.300 x 1.00 x 23.55 x 2.5 1.00 135.42 0.65 88.03
2 Upright slab 0.600 x 5.70 x 23.55 x 2.5 1.00 201.19 -0.20 -40.24
3 Dirt wall 0.300 x 1.68 x 23.55 x 2.5 1.00 29.68 1.58 46.74
5 Return wall - 1 0.750 x 8.38 x 4.63 x 2.5 x 2.00 1.00 145.38 3.19 463.32
Return wall - 2 0.750 x 5.70 x 2.76 x 2.5 x 2.00 1.00 58.96 0.95 56.02
6 Counterfort-rectangle 0.450 x 5.70 x 2.76 x 2.5 x 3.00 1.00 53.07 0.95 50.41
Counterfort-triangle 0.450 x 5.70 x 3.37 x 2.5 x 3.00 x 0.50 1.00 32.39 2.32 74.98
7 Pile cap 5.500 x 1.50 x 23.88 x 2.5 1.00 492.46 2.00 984.93
V EARTH WEIGHT
IX WIND LOAD
Wind load on Live load 1.00 2.07 12.375 25.6
Wind load on Super structure 1.00 18.71 10.30 192.7
Wind load on Sub structure 1.00 9.07 5.44 49.3
821.82 3333.26 1567.39 440.7

= 0.47 m
= 1.53 m
= 3333.26 x 1.530
= 5099.89 tm
40
of pile
16 32.00 65.92524
= 208.3 + 159.372 + 6.684222 + 10.2

= 384.58 t

16 32.00 65.92524
= 208.3 - 159.372 - 6.684222 + 10.2

= 52.46 t
Max. BM on pile
Horizontal load y-y = 29.85 t
Resultant horizontal load = 792.53 t SQRT(791.97²+29.85²)
Load for 1 pile = 792.53 / 16
= 49.533 t
Lever arm = (5.19 / 2)
= 2.595 m
= 128.538 tm IS 2911 (Part 1/Sec 2) : 2010
41
CALCULATION FOR LOAD ON PILE: (ULTIMATE CONDITION WITH WIND) - TAKING MOMENT ABOUT CENTRE OF FRONT PILE
II LIVE LOAD
1 Abutment cap 2.300 x 1.000 x 23.552 x 2.5 1.35 182.82 0.65 118.83
2 Upright slab 0.600 x 5.695 x 23.552 x 2.5 1.35 271.61 -0.20 -54.32
3 Dirt wall 0.300 x 1.680 x 23.552 x 2.5 1.35 40.06 1.58 63.10
5 Return wall - 1 0.750 x 8.375 x 4.629 x 2.5 x 2 1.35 196.26 3.19 625.49
Return wall - 2 0.750 x 5.695 x 2.761 x 2.5 x 2 1.35 79.60 0.95 75.62
7 Pile cap 5.500 x 1.500 x 23.877 x 2.5 1.35 664.83 2.00 1329.65
V EARTH WEIGHT
IX WIND LOAD
1217.81 4709.73 2052.78 661.0

= 0.436 m
= 1.564 m
= 4709.73 x 1.564
= 7366.02 tm
42
of pile
16 32.00 65.92524
= 294.4 + 230.188 + 10.02633 + 10.2

= 544.76 t

16 32.00 65.92524
= 294.4 - 230.188 - 10.02633 + 10.2

= 64.33 t
Max. BM on pile
Load for 1 pile = 1188.33 / 16
= 74.271 t
Lever arm = (5.19 / 2)
= 2.595 m
= 192.732 tm IS 2911 (Part 1/Sec 2) : 2010
43
CALCULATION FOR LOAD ON PILE: (IN SEISMIC CONDITION)
Horizontal seismic co-efficient Ah = 0.080

Seismic co- Horizont BM
S NO DESCRIPTION OF WORKS LA BM
efficient al load Mxx
Myy
I Self Weight of "Super Structure" in tons 755.0 x 1 0.080 60.40 7.175 433.37
II WEIGHT OF CONCRETE
1 Abutment cap (1/3rd) 2.300 x 1.000 x 23.552 x 2.5 0.080 3.61 6.195 22.35
2 Upright slab (1/3rd) 0.600 x 5.695 x 23.552 x 2.5 0.080 5.36 2.848 15.26
3 Dirt wall (1/3rd) 0.300 x 1.680 x 23.552 x 2.5 0.080 0.79 7.535 5.96
4 Approach slab (1/3rd) 0.200 x 2.925 x 21.116 x 2.5 0.080 0.82 8.275 6.81
5 Return wall - 1 (1/3rd) 0.750 x 8.375 x 4.629 x 2.5 x 2 0.080 3.87 4.188 16.22
Return wall - 2 (1/3rd) 0.750 x 5.695 x 2.761 x 2.5 x 2 0.080 1.57 2.848 4.47
6 Counterfort-rectangle (1/3rd) 0.450 x 5.695 x 2.761 x 2.5 x 3 0.080 1.41 2.848 4.03
Counterfort-triangle (1/3rd) 0.450 x 5.695 x 3.370 x 2.5 x 3 x 0.5 0.080 0.86 1.898 1.64
78.70 510.11 0.0

LF - load factor
M ( tm ) LF
Increasing moment due to seismic effect (Normal condition) = 510.11 x 1.0 = 510.1 tm
Increasing moment due to seismic effect (Ultimate condition) = 510.11 x 1.0 = 510.1 tm
3
Zxx of pile cap = 32.00 m
Increasing load due to seismic effect (Normal condition) = 510.11 / 32.0 = 15.94 t
Increasing load due to seismic effect (Ultimate condition) = 510.11 / 32.0 = 15.94 t
Seismic co- Horizont BM

S NO DESCRIPTION OF WORKS LA BM
efficient al load Mxx
Myy
II Live Load without impact (20%) 0.2 x 130.85 x 1 0.080 2.09 9.875 20.7
III WEIGHT OF CONCRETE
3 Dirt wall (1/3rd) 0.300 x 1.680 x 23.552 x 2.5 0.080 0.79 7.535 5.96
80.76 530.58 530.6

LF - load factor
44
M ( tm ) LF
3
Zyy of pile cap = 65.93 m
INCREASE IN TOTAL SEISMIC

S.No DESCRIPTION MAX. LOAD SEISMIC LOAD LOAD
1 Seismic load (Normal condition) 380.52 23.99 404.51

2 Seismic load (Ultimate condition) 538.67 23.99 562.66
DECREASE IN TOTAL SEISMIC

S.No DESCRIPTION MIN. LOAD SEISMIC LOAD LOAD

Resultant horizontal force (Normal condition) = 78.701 + 80.76 ^(1/2)

= 112.77 t
Resultant horizontal force (Ultimate condition) = 78.701 + 80.76 ^(1/2)

= 112.77 t
LF - load factor
P(t) LF
Horizontal load due to seismic effect (Normal condition) = 112.77 x 1.0 = 112.8 t
Horizontal load due to seismic effect (Ultimate condition) = 112.77 x 1.0 = 112.8 t
No. of piles = 16
Increasing moment due to seismic effect (Normal condition) = 112.77 / 16.00 = 7.048 t
Increasing moment due to seismic effect (Ultimate condition) = 112.77 / 16.00 = 7.048 t
L.A = 2.60 m
Moment (Normal condition) = 7.05 x 2.60 = 18.29 tm
Moment (Ultimate condition) = 7.05 x 2.60 = 18.29 tm
45
MOMENT ( INCREASE IN TOTAL SEISMIC

S.No DESCRIPTION tm) SEISMIC MOMENT MOMENT ( tm )

Abstract for Load on Pile on Abutment (A1) :
WITHOUT WIND
SL.No DESCRIPTION MAX LOAD MIN LOAD BM
1 Normal condition 380.5 56.5 104.04
2 Ultimate condition 538.7 70.4 156.06
WITH WIND
WITH SEISMIC
46
Sub-Structure Design Calculation for Proposed Br.No. 290 (Bow String Girder Super Structure and PSC Solid Slab) Between Ettumanoor and Kottyam
Stations (Nagampadam)
Design of Pile without wind : Maximum load and Moment (ULS)

The Pile is designed as per "Charts for the Design of circular sections" to SP 16-2000
Materials Property
Grade of Concrete = M 35
Grade of steel = Fe 500
Diameter of Pile, D = 1000 mm
Clear Cover = 75 mm
Diameter of Outer Links = 12 mm
Diameter of main vertical R/F = 32 mm
Effective cover (d') = 75+32/2 = 91 mm
d'/D = 91 / 1000 = 0.09 mm
Critical Load case:
Axial Load Pu = 538.67 t

Mu = 156.06 tm
Moment
Pu/fck D² = (538.67x10^4)/(35x1000²)= 0.15
Mu/fck D³ = (156.064532625x10^7)/(35x1000³)= 0.04
From Chart - 60 of SP-16-2000, which corresponds to 500 grade of Reinforcement
P/fck = 0.010
Therefore, P = 0.01 x 35
= 0.35 %
Therefore; Asc required = π/4 x ( 1000 ²) x ( 0.35 / 100)
= 2748.9 mm²
Reinforcement Computation :
Minimum % of Reinforcement in Circular section = 0.8 %
= π/4 x ( 1000 ²) x ( 0.8 / 100)

= 6283.2 mm²
Design Requirement of AST = Max( 2748.9 , 6283.185 )
= 6283.2 mm²
Provide, 32 # - 24 Nos = 19301.95 mm²

> 6283.2 mm²
Hence Ok
(checking the stress in pile under SLS condition controls the Design, Hence 2.46% is provided)
Percentage of Reinforcement Provided = 19302 x 100 = 2.46 %
785398
Core dia of Pile = 1000 - 2 x 91 = 818 mm
Perimeter of Links = π x 818 = 2569.823 mm
C/C of Main rods = 2569.8 / 23 - 32

= 79.73 mm > 40 mm (min)
Hence Ok
47
Design of Pile without wind :Minimum load and corr. Moment (ULS)
Materials Property
Clear Cover = 75 mm
Diamer of main vertical R/F = 32 mm
Effective cover (d') = 75+32/2= = 91 mm
d'/D = 91 / 1000 = 0.09 mm
Critical Load case:

Mu = 156.06 tm
Moment
Pu/fck D² = (70.42x10^4)/(35x1000²)= 0.02
Mu/fck D³ = (156.064532625x10^7)/(35x1000³)= 0.04
P/fck = 0.030
= 1.05 %
= 8246.7 mm²
= π/4 x ( 1000 ²) x ( 0.8 / 100)

= 6283.2 mm²
= 8246.7 mm²
Provide, 32 # - 24 Nos = 19301.95 mm²

> 8246.7 mm²
Hence Ok
785398
C/C of Main rods = 2569.8 / 23 - 32

= 79.73 mm > 40 mm (min)
Hence Ok
48
Design of Pile with wind : Maximum load and corr. Moment (ULS)
Materials Property
Clear Cover = 75 mm
d'/D = 91 / 1000 = 0.09 mm
Critical Load case:

Mu = 156.11 tm
Moment
Pu/fck D² = (544.76x10^4)/(35x1000²)= 0.16
Mu/fck D³ = (156.11314021875x10^7)/(35x1000³)= 0.04
P/fck = 0.01
= 0.35 %
= 2748.9 mm²
= π/4 x ( 1000 ²) x ( 0.8 / 100)

= 6283.2 mm²
= 6283.2 mm²
Provide, 32 # - 24 Nos = 19301.95 mm²

> 6283.2 mm²
Hence Ok
785398
C/C of Main rods = 2569.8 / 23 - 32

= 79.73 mm > 40 mm (min)
Hence Ok
49
Design of Pile with wind : Minimum load and corr. Moment (ULS)
Materials Property
Clear Cover = 75 mm
d'/D = 91 / 1000 = 0.09 mm
Critical Load case:

Mu = 156.11 tm
Moment
Pu/fck D² = (64.33x10^4)/(35x1000²)= 0.02
Mu/fck D³ = (156.11314021875x10^7)/(35x1000³)= 0.04
P/fck = 0.03
= 1.05 %
= 8246.7 mm²
= π/4 x ( 1000 ²) x ( 0.8 / 100)

= 6283.2 mm²
= 8246.7 mm²
Provide, 32 # - 24 Nos = 19301.95 mm²

> 8246.7 mm²
Hence Ok
785398
C/C of Main rods = 2569.8 / 23 - 32

= 79.73 mm > 40 mm (min)
Hence Ok
50
Design of Pile with Seismic :Maximum load and corr. Moment (ULS)
Materials Property
Clear Cover = 75 mm
d'/D = 91 / 1000 = 0.09 mm
Critical Load case:

Mu = 174.35 tm
Moment
Pu/fck D² = (562.66x10^4)/(35x1000²)= 0.16
Mu/fck D³ = (174.354532625x10^7)/(35x1000³)= 0.05
P/fck = 0.020
= 0.7 %
= 5497.8 mm²
= π/4 x ( 1000 ²) x ( 0.8 / 100)

= 6283.2 mm²
= 6283.2 mm²
Provide, 32 # - 24 Nos = 19301.95 mm²

> 6283.2 mm²
Hence Ok
785398
C/C of Main rods = 2569.8 / 23 - 32

= 79.73 mm > 40 mm (min)
Hence Ok
51
Design of Pile with Seismic :Minimum load and corr. Moment (ULS)
Materials Property
Clear Cover = 75 mm
d'/D = 91 / 1000 = 0.09 mm
Critical Load case:

Mu = 174.35 tm
Moment
Pu/fck D² = (46.43x10^4)/(35x1000²)= 0.01
Mu/fck D³ = (174.354532625x10^7)/(35x1000³)= 0.05
P/fck = 0.040
= 1.4 %
= 10996 mm²
= π/4 x ( 1000 ²) x ( 0.8 / 100)

= 6283.2 mm²
Design Requirement of AST = Max( 10996 , 6283.185 )
= 10996 mm²
Provide, 32 # - 24 Nos = 19301.95 mm²

> 10996 mm²
Hence Ok
785398
C/C of Main rods = 2569.8 / 23 - 32

= 79.73 mm > 40 mm (min)
Hence Ok
52
(Ref : Raina's Concrete Bridge Practice Analysis, Design & Economics)

Checking the stresses on 1000 dia pile
Serviceability Limitstate Condition:
Normal condition : (Maximum load) - SLS
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PILE DESIGN
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DIA. OF PILE = 100 cm
TOTAL LOAD = 380.5 tons
MOMENT = 104.04 tm
ECCENTRICITY = 27.34 cm
CONCRETE GRADE = M350 kg/sq. cm
NO. OF 3.2 cm DIA. RODS IN 1 ROW = 24 , CORE DIA = 81.8 cm
NEURAL AXIS LIES AT 34 cm FROM FACE
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DETAILS AREA LEVER ARM I MOMENT II MOMENT
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CONCRETE 5499.25 14.46 79498.95 1149263.08
-do- SELF MI 1673392.99

STEEL
126.7 67.89 8601.88 584007.94
126.7 65.13 8251.76 537434.01
126.7 59.79 7575.38 452940.12
126.7 52.24 6618.83 345776.08
110.61 42.99 4755.74 204471.28
110.61 32.68 3614.97 118141.97
110.61 22 2433.95 53557.31
110.61 11.69 1293.18 15118.57
110.61 2.44 270.39 660.95
110.61 -5.11 -564.71 2883.04
110.61 -10.44 -1155.22 12064.84
110.61 -13.21 -1460.88 19294.04
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL 6890.94 119734.22 5169006
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ACTUAL N.A = 43.17 ASSUMED N.A =43.34
Ist MOMENT ABOUT N.A = 177752.2

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
STRESS IN CONCRETE = 140.91 kg/sq. cm < 175 kg/sq.cm
STRESS IN STEEL = 422.75 kg/sq. cm < 3750 kg/sq.cm

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
53
Wind condition : (Maximum load) - SLS
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PILE DESIGN
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MOMENT = 104.1 tm
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CONCRETE 5499.25 14.18 77981.78 1105816.18
-do- SELF MI 1673392.99

STEEL
126.7 67.62 8566.93 579271.29
126.7 64.85 8216.81 532890.55
126.7 59.52 7540.42 448769.87
126.7 51.97 6583.88 342133.62
110.61 42.72 4725.22 201855.61
110.61 32.41 3584.45 116155.75
110.61 21.73 2403.43 52222.74
110.61 11.42 1262.66 14413.45
110.61 2.17 239.87 520.18
110.61 -5.38 -595.23 3203.06
110.61 -10.72 -1185.73 12710.68
110.61 -13.48 -1491.39 20108.53
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL 6890.94 117833.1 5103464
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
54
Seismic condition : (Maximum load) - SLS
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PILE DESIGN
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MOMENT = 122.33 tm
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CONCRETE 5115.37 15.34 78462.36 1203499.18
-do- SELF MI 1374733.11

STEEL
126.7 70.79 8969.21 634951.9
126.7 68.03 8619.09 586347.76
126.7 62.69 7942.71 497931.8
126.7 55.14 6986.17 385221.12
126.7 45.89 5814.64 266856.82
110.61 35.58 3935.66 140033.55
110.61 24.9 2754.65 68600.63
110.61 14.59 1613.87 23546.99
110.61 5.34 591.09 3158.63
110.61 -2.21 -244.01 538.3
110.61 -7.54 -834.52 6296
110.61 -10.31 -1140.18 11752.79
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL 6523.14 123470.76 5203469
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
55
Seismic condition : Max. Moment with min. load
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PILE DESIGN
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MOMENT = 122.33 tm
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CONCRETE 2354.73 346.3 815454.66 282395630
-do- SELF MI 189338.49

STEEL
126.7 416.95 52826.52 22026023.6
126.7 414.19 52476.4 21735025.8
126.7 408.85 51800.02 21178341.4
126.7 401.3 50843.48 20403399.4
126.7 392.05 49671.95 19473970.9
126.7 381.74 48365.29 18462887
126.7 371.06 47012.53 17444531.6
126.7 360.75 45705.87 16488304.2
110.61 351.5 38880.45 13666536.5
110.61 343.95 38045.35 13085763.3
110.61 338.61 37454.85 12682707.2
110.61 335.85 37149.19 12476549.5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL 3810.76 1365686.6 491709009
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Minimum reinforcement for pile is 0.8%
Provided reinforcement for pile is 2.46%
56
DESIGN OF PILECAP (A1):
Pile cap size = 23.877 x 5.5 x 1.5

Max. Load on Pile (Ultimate) = 538.67 t
Reducing the self weight of pile = 538.67 - 10.19
= 528.48 t
Number of Piles = 4 for one panel
Dimension of panel = 4.527 x 3
Load Per/m² on pile cap = 528.48 x 4

4.527 x 3
= 155.65 t/m²
Reducting the Earth weight = 8.175 x 1.8 x 1.5
= 22.07 t/m²
Net weight = 155.65 - 22.07

= 133.58 t/m²
Lx = 3m
Ly = 4.527 m
Ly/Lx = 4.527/3
= 1.51 < 2
Two way slab
Eff. Depth Provided = 1500 - 75 - 25 / 2

= 1500 - 75-12.5
= 1412.5 mm
αx (+ve) = 0.045 (FROM IS 456 : 2000,

αx (-ve) = 0.06 TABLE 26, PAGE NO:91)
αy (+ve) = 0.035
αy (-ve) = -
Mx = αx.w.lx²
= 0.06x133.58x3x3
72.13 tm
My = αy.w.lx²
= 0.035x133.58x3x3
42.08 tm
57
Ultimate Moment = 721.30 kNm

Grade of Steel, Fe = 500 Mpa
Grade of Concrete , fck = 25 Mpa
Clear Cover = 75 mm
Diameter of Main Bar = 25 mm
Spacing of Bars used = 150 mm
Breadth, b = 1000 mm
Depth Required :
Upto M60 grade ,MR = 0.36 fck b x [ d - 0.42x]

Strain in steel = fy / (γm.Es) + 0.002
= 500 / 1.15 x 2x E+05 + 0.002
= 0.00417
Strain in concrete = 0.0035
depth of NA for = 0.0035 d

balanced section (x) 0.0035 + 0.00417
x = 0.456 d
Sub the value of 'x' in MR
2
MR = 0.1658.fck.b.d
d = Mu
0.1658 fck.b
= 721.3 x E6
0.1658x25x1000
= 174016.89
d = 417.15 mm < 1413 mm

Hence Ok...
Min. Ast required = 0.2/100xbxd
= 0.2/100x1000x1500
= 3000 mm²
x/d = 0.456
x = 0.456 d
Ast = M x 1.15
fy (d - 0.416.x)
= 721.3 x E6 x 1.15
500 x ( 1412.5-(0.416 x 0.456 x 1412.5))
= 1449.46 mm²
Provide 25# ,150 C/C spacing on both top and bottom of pile cap
Area of 25# = 490.9 mm²
= 3272.5 mm² > 3000 mm²
Hence Ok…
58
CHECK FOR SHEAR:
Max. shear = 155.65 t

TOTAL = 1556.5 kN
Design for shear reinforcement:
Shear stress, v = V/bd

Shear/m run = 155.65 t
= 155.65x10E4/(1412.5x1000)
= 1.102 < 4.75 N/mm²
Percentage of steel provided = (100x3272.49/1000x1412.5)

= 0.23 %
Max Shear Force (V) = 1556.5 kN

Breadth of section = 1000
Shear stress (‫ح‬v) = 1.10 N/mm² =1556530/(1412.5*1000)
max‫ح‬ = 4.75 N/mm² (M35)
P (100xAst/bd) = 0.23 % 0.15 0.29
0.25 0.37
For P= 100 Ast/bd = 0.23 % ‫ح‬c = 0.354 0.23 0.354
Design S.F, Vs = Vu - ‫ح‬cbd = 1556530 - (0.354x1000x1412.5)

= 1056505 N
= 1056.51 KN
Ast ‫ح‬v > ‫ح‬c
Spacing of bars = 150 mm
Effective Depth (d) = 1412.5 = mm
2
σst = 435 N/mm (0.87 x fy)
Asv =Vs S /σst.d = (1056505x150) / (435x1412.5)
= 257.9 mm²
Diameter of stirrups = 10
Area of 1 bar = 78.5 mm²
Area Provided = 524 mm² > 258 mm²
Using 10 # - links @ 150 x 150 C/C throughout length
59
DESIGN OF UPRIGHT SLAB (A1):
Height of Upright slab = 5.695 m

Maximum Spacing of counterfort (L) = 5.279 m
Pressure intensity due to EP & Surcharge = ka x γ x h

@ bottom of upright slab W = 0.3 x 1.8 x 9.575
= 5.17 t/m²
Under Ultimate load condition = 5.1705 x 1.5
W = 7.76 t/m²
Max BM for the upright slab for the bottom 1m strip

Considering Counterfort as support = WL²/12
Mu = 7.76x5.279²/12
Support moment = 18.02 tm
= WL²/24
Mu = 7.76x5.279²/24
Span moment = 9.01 tm
Mu Support moment = 180.21 kNm

Mu Span moment = 90.11 kNm
Overall thickness = 600 mm
Concrete Grade M35 = 35 N/mm2
2
Steel Grade Fe500 = 500 N/mm
Clear Cover = 75 mm
Calculation for depth required:

= 600 - 75 - 8
= 517 mm
MR = 0.1658.fck.b.d2
d = Mu
0.1658 fck.b
= 180.21 x E6
0.1658x35x1000
= 31054.63
d = 176.22 mm < 517.0 mm

Hence Ok...
Area of steel required:
= 0.2/100x1000x517
= 1034 mm²
60
x/d = 0.456
x = 0.456 d
Ast = M x 1.15
fy (d - 0.416.x)
= 180.21 x E6 x 1.15
500 x ( 517-(0.416 x 0.456 x 517))
= 989.39 mm²
Provide 16# ,150 C/C spacing on Both faces Horizontally
Area of 16# = 201.1 mm²
= 1340.4 mm² > 1034.0 mm²
Hence Ok…
Vertical Reinforcement:
0.12% b D = 0.12%x1000x517
= 620.40 mm²
Size of rod provided = 16 mm
Area of one rod = 201 mm²
Spacing of rods = 150 mm
(200.96x1000)/150 = 1339.73 mm² > 620 mm²
Provide16 # rods @ 150 mm C/C Both faces Vertically
Check for Shear :
Maximum sher force = WL / 2

= 7.76 x 5.279 /2
= 20.48 t
Shear force = 20.48 t
= 20.48x10E4/(1000x517)
= 0.396 < 4.75 N/mm²
Percentage of steel provided = (100x1340.41/1000x517)
= 0.26 % 0.25 0.37
Size of Shear Reinforcement = 10 mm 0.5 0.50
Provided spacing of links,sv = 300 mm 0.26 0.37
Shear Stress, Vc = 0.37 N/mm²
Depth Factor = 1.00
Svc = 0.37x1
= 0.37 N/mm²
= 0.396 > 0.37
Shear reinforcement Required…
However difference in Shear stresses is less, nominal shear reinforcement is provided.
Nominal Shear reinforcement
Min. shear reinforcement req = 0.4 x b x s
0.87 fy
61
= 0.4 x 1000 x 300

0.87 x 500
= 267 mm²
Area of 12 # rod = 113.1 mm²

= 377 > 267 mm²
Hence ok…
Provide 12 # Links @ 300 x 300 C/C
DESIGN OF COUNTERFORTS (A1):
Counter fort Base width = 6.132 m i.e. 6132 mm

Counterfort Thickness = 0.45 m i.e. 450 mm
Total lateral pressure transferred to one counter fort above the level of the base slab
Height of counterfort h = 5.70 m
Counterfort spacing l = 5.279 m
2
Concrete Grade M35 = 35 N/mm
2
Breadth , b = 1000 mm

Pressure intensity due to EP & Surcharge = 0.3 x 1.8 x 11.075
2
= 5.98 t/m
= 1 /2 x 5.98 x 9.575
= 28.63 t
= 4.022 m
Maximum B.M per m width = 28.63 x 4.022
= 115.15 tm
Maximum B.M for the counterfort = 115.15 x 5.279

= 607.88 tm
= 6078.77 kNm
Effective depth available = (6132-75-25/2)

= 6044.50 mm
2
MR = 0.1658.fck.b.d
d = Mu
0.1658 fck.b
= 6078.77 x E6
0.1658x35x1000
= 1047522.0
d = 1023.49 mm < 6044.5 mm

Hence Ok...
Let the inclination of the main steel with vertical be ß
Tan ß = 6.132/5.695
Tan ß = 1.08
62
ß = 47.20
x/d = 0.456
x = 0.456 d
Ast = M x 1.15
fy (d - 0.416.x)
= 6078.77 x E6 x 1.15 x sec(47.2)
500 x ( 6044.5-(0.416 x 0.456 x 6044.5))
= 4201.3 mm²
Minimum steel req = (0.2/100x450x6132)

= 5518.80 mm²
Size of rod = 25 mm
Area of one rod = 490.625 mm²
No of rods req.. = 5518.8/490.625
= 11.249 nos
say = 12 nos
Provide 25# - 12 nos in Three layers
Connection between the counterfort and the upright slab:

Consider the bottom 1 m deep strip of the upright slab.(horizontal stirrups)
Lateral Pressure transferred to counterfort = wH(1-sin30/1+sin30)
for 1m strip at bottom = 1.8x9.575 x (1-sin30/1+sin30)
= 5.69 t/m²
Maximum Spacing between counterforts = 5.279 m
Maximum Pressure acting between counterforts = 5.69 x 5.279
= 30.04 t/m
= 45.06 t/m (30.04x1.5)
Steel required per metre length = 45.06x10^4/0.87x500
= 1035.86 mm²
Width of counter fort = 450 mm
Size of rod = 12 mm
Spacing of rod = 150 mm
Ast Provided = 753.6 mm²
Ast Provided (for two legged) = 753.6 x 2 mm²
= 1507.2 mm² > 1035.86 mm²
Hence ok
Provide 12mm # 2 legged horizontal stirrups @ 150mm c/c .
Connection between the counter fort and pile cap:

Base width of Pile cap = 8.933 m
DL.of earth Between counterforts
8.375x6.132x5.279x1.8 = 487.99 t
DL of soil per m length = 487.99/8.933
= 54.63 t/m
= 81.945 t/m (54.63x1.5)
Area of steel required per m length = 81.945x10^4/0.87x500
= 1883.79 mm²
Size of rod = 16 mm
Ast Provided(for two legged) = 1339.73 x 2
= 2679.46 > 1883.79 mm²
Hence ok
Provide 16mm # 2 legged vertical stirrups @ 150mm c/c .
63
DESIGN OF RETURN WALL (A1):

(Refered from "Roark’s Formulas for Stress and Strain by WARREN C. YOUNG)" (page.-515)
Return wall = a x b
= 7.39 x 8.375
0 t/m²
7.39
9.58 m
8.375 8.375+1.2
q=
5.17 t/m²
Rectangular plate; two adjacent edges are fixed
and two remaining edges are free.
Case 11d. a/b = 7.39 / 8.375

= 0.88
EP & Surcharge taken above = 8.375 + 1.2

1.2m Height (As per cl: 214.1)
= 7.39 x 9.575
EP + Surcharge , q = Ka.γ.h
= 0.30 x 1.8 x 9.575
q = 5.17 t/m²
For Back fill & Surcharge:

based on a / b
Table Ref: = Table: 11.4, Case 11d
β1 = 0.621 ( Vertical pressure co efficeient )
β2 = 0.340 ( Horizontal pressure co efficeient )
q = 5.17 t/m² / m
64
M = σ.Z
2 2
σ = -(β q b / t )
Z = a t2 / 6
2 2 2
Mb = -(β q b / t ) x at /6
2
= -(β q a b / 6)
Moment @ base Mb = -(β1 q a b2 / 6) x1/a

= -(0.621 x 5.17 x 7.39 x 9.575² / 6) x (1 / 7.39)
= -49.06 tm / m
Similarly
Moment @ face Mf = -(β2 q b3 / 6) x1/b
= -(0.34 x 5.17 x 9.575³ / 6) x (1 / 8.375)
= -30.71 tm / m
Return wall design for Vertical reinforcement
Factor as per IRC 6:2010 = 1.5 Table 3.2 , IRC 6: 2010

= -49.06 x 1.5
Design moment for Return wall Vertically = 73.59 tm
Mu Design moment = 735.87 kNm
2
2
Clear Cover = 75 mm

= 750 - 75-12.5
= 662.5 mm
2
MR = 0.1658.fck.b.d
d = Mu
0.1658 fck.b
= 735.87 x E6
0.1658x35x1000
= 126808.55
d = 356.10 mm < 662.5 mm

Hence Ok...
= 0.2/100x1000x662.5
= 1325 mm²
65
x/d = 0.456 (ref. previous calculation)

x = 0.456 d
Ast =M x 1.15
fy (d - 0.416.x)
= 735.87 x E6 x 1.15
500 x ( 662.5-(0.416 x 0.456 x 662.5))
= 3152.79 mm²
Provide 25# ,150 C/C spacing on Earth face Vertically
Provide 16# ,150 C/C spacing on Outer face Vertically
Area of 25# = 490.9 mm²
= 3272.5 mm² > 3152.8 mm²
Hence Ok…
Return wall design for Horizontal reinforcement

= -30.71 x 1.5
Design moment for Return wall horizontally = 46.06 tm
2
Steel Grade Fe500 = 500 N/mm2
Clear Cover = 75 mm

= 750 - 75-10
= 665 mm
2
MR = 0.1658.fck.b.d
d = Mu
0.1658 fck.b
= 460.6 x E6
0.1658x35x1000
= 79372.74
d = 281.73 mm < 665.0 mm
Hence Ok...
= 0.2/100x1000x665
= 1330 mm²
66

x = 0.456 d
Ast =M x 1.15
fy (d - 0.416.x)
= 460.6 x E6 x 1.15
500 x ( 665-(0.416 x 0.456 x 665))
= 1965.99 mm²
Provide 20# ,150 C/C spacing on Earth face Horizontally
Provide 16# ,150 C/C spacing on Outer face Horizontally
Area of 20# = 314.2 mm²
= 2094.4 mm² > 1966.0 mm²
Hence Ok…
CHECK FOR SHEAR:


= 7.76x10E4/(1000x662.5)
= 0.117 < 4.75 N/mm²
= 0.49 % 0.25 0.37
Depth Factor = 0.95
Svc = 0.5x0.95
= 0.48 N/mm²
= 0.12 < 0.48
Hence ok…
0.87 fy
= 0.4 x 1000 x 300
0.87 x 500
= 276 mm²
Area of 12 # rod = 113.1 mm²

= 377 > 276 mm²
Hence ok…
67
DESIGN OF DIRT WALL (A1):

Dirt wall design for Vertical reinforcement
Dirt wall = 0.3 x 1.680
1.2m Height
= 0.3 x 2.880
= 0.30 x 1.8 x 2.88
q = 1.56 t/m
= 1.56 x 2.88 x 0.5
= 2.25 t - per 'm'
Lever arm = 1.21 (0.42 x h)
Moment due EP and Surcharge = 2.25 x 1.21
= 2.72 tm
= 2.72 x 1.5
Design moment for Dirt wall Vertically = 4.08 tm
Clear Cover = 50 mm

= 300 - 50-6
= 244 mm
MR = 0.1658.fck.b.d2
d = Mu
0.1658 fck.b
= 40.8 x E6
0.1658x35x1000
= 7030.85
d = 83.85 mm < 244.0 mm

Hence Ok...
= 0.2/100x1000x244
= 488 mm²
68

x = 0.456 d
Ast =M x 1.15
fy (d - 0.416.x)
= 40.8 x E6 x 1.15
500 x ( 244-(0.416 x 0.456 x 244))
= 474.62 mm²
Area of 12# = 113.1 mm²
= 807.8 mm² > 488.0 mm²
Hence Ok…
CHECK FOR SHEAR:


= 2.34x10E4/(1000x244)
= 0.096 < 4.75 N/mm²
Percentage of steel provided = (100x807.84/1000x244)
= 0.33 % 0.25 0.37
Depth Factor = 1.23
Svc = 0.41x1.23
= 0.50 N/mm²
= 0.10 < 0.50
Hence ok…
0.87 fy
= 0.4 x 1000 x 280
0.87 x 500
= 257 mm²
Area of 10 # rod = 78.5 mm²

= 280.36 > 257 mm²
Hence ok…
69
DESIGN OF ABUTMENT CAP (A1):
Dead load of Dirt wall = 29.68 t (previous calculation)

Length of Dirt wall = 23.552 m
Load per 'm' run = 29.68 / 23.552
Dead weight of PSC Bow string = 380 t (Input for STAAD)
Live load with Impact = 85 t (Input for STAAD)
+ footpath Live load
Dead weight of Abutment cap = Self weight in Staad
Earth pressure = t/o road - b/o abutment cap
= 2.68 m + 1.2 m
= 3.88 m
= Ka.γ.h
= 0.3x1.8x3.88
= 2.095 t/m
= 1 /2 x 2.095 x 3.88
= 4.06 t
= 1.63 m
B.M due to E.P = 6.62 tm / m
Longitudinal load = 12.065 t

Lever arm, L.A. = 1.48 m
= 12.065 x 1.48
= 17.86 tm
= 17.8562 / 23.552
= 0.758 tm / m
Total moment = 6.62 + 0.758

= 7.38 tm / m (Input for STAAD)
From STAAD ANALYSIS : Considering all Load factors as per IRC :2010
Axial Shear-Y Shear-Z Torsion Moment-Y Moment-Z
Beam L/C Node Force Mton Mton MTon-m MTon-m MTon-m
1 4 1 0 521.266 0 -217.32 0 568.214
Ultimate load factors applied
BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM : ULS
Moment = 568.214 tm
= 5682.1 kNm
70
Design of Abtument Cap for (A1) 2.3m width:
Moment, Mu = 5682 kNm

Torsion, Tu = 2132 kNm (cl. 304.7.2.4.2 - IRC 21)
Me1 = Mu + Mt
Mt = Tu (1 + D/B)
1.7
(1 + D/B) = 0.84
1.7
= 2132 x 0.84
= 1790.787 kNm
Me1 = Mu + Mt
= 7473 kNm
Clear Cover = 50 mm
Diameter of Main Bar @Top = 32 mm
Number of Bars used = 30 Nos.
Diameter of Main Bar @Bottom = 32 mm
Depth Required :

= 1000 - 50-16
= 934 mm
2
MR = 0.1658.fck.b.d
d = Mu
0.1658 fck.b
= 7472.93 x E6
0.1658x35x2300
= 559900.1
d = 748.26 mm < 934 mm

Hence Ok...
= 0.2/100x2300x1000
= 4600 mm²

x = 0.456 d
Ast = M x 1.15
fy (d - 0.416.x)
= 7472.93 x E6 x 1.15
500 x ( 934-(0.416 x 0.456 x 934))
= 22710.35 mm²
Provide 32# ,30 Nos on Top of Abutment Cap
Provide 32# ,30 Nos on Bottom of Abutment Cap
Area of 32# = 804.2 mm²
= 24127.4 mm² > 22710 mm²
Hence Ok…
71
CHECK FOR SHEAR:
Shear, v = 521.266 t
Shear, v = 521.266 t = 5113.62 kN
Torsional moment = 2131.89 kN.m
Equivalent shear = V + 1.6 T (cl. 304.7.2.3.1 - IRC 21)

b
= 5113.62 + 1.6 x 2131.89

2.3
= 5113.62 + 1483.054
= 6596.67 kN
Design S.F = 6596.7 kN
(From the above tabulation)

Shear stress (‫ح‬v) = 3.07 N/mm² =6596670/(2300*934)
max‫ح‬ = 4.75 N/mm² (M35)
P (100xAst/bd) = 1.12 % 1 0.67
1.25 0.73
For P= 100 Ast/bd = 1.12 % ‫ح‬c = 0.699 1.12 0.699
Design S.F, Vs = Vu - ‫ح‬cbd = 6596670 - (0.6988x2300x934)

= 5095508 N
= 5095.51 KN

Effective Depth (d) = 934 = mm
σst = 435 N/mm^2
Asv =Vs S /σst.d = (5095507.84x150)/(435x934)
= 1881.233 mm²
Number of Shear Legs provided = 12
Area of steel Provided = 2413 mm² > 1881 mm²
Using 16 Tor -12 legged stirrups @ 150 mm crs(Inner)-throughout length
20 # 2 legged outer stirrups @ 150 C/C
72
STAAD INPUT FOR ABUTMENTCAP (A1)
STAAD SPACE
START JOB INFORMATION
ENGINEER DATE 26-Nov-14
END JOB INFORMATION
INPUT WIDTH 79
UNIT METER MTON
JOINT COORDINATES
1 0 0 0; 2 5.888 0 0; 3 11.167 0 0; 4 16.446 0 0; 5 22.334 0 0;
MEMBER INCIDENCES
1 1 2; 2 2 3; 3 3 4; 4 4 5;
DEFINE MATERIAL START
ISOTROPIC CONCRETE
E 2.21467e+006
POISSON 0.17
DENSITY 2.40262
ALPHA 1e-005
DAMP 0.05
END DEFINE MATERIAL
CONSTANTS
MATERIAL CONCRETE ALL
MEMBER PROPERTY INDIAN
1 TO 4 PRIS YD 1 ZD 2.3
SUPPORTS
1 TO 5 FIXED
****
LOAD 1 DEADLOAD
SELFWEIGHT Y -1 LIST 1 TO 4
MEMBER LOAD
1 CON GY -370 1.746 0.43
4 CON GY -370 4.141 0.43
1 TO 4 UNI GY -1.26 0 0 -0.925
LOAD 2 LOADTYPE None TITLE LIVELOAD
MEMBER LOAD
1 CON GY -85 1.746 0.43
4 CON GY -85 4.141 0.43
LOAD 3 LOADTYPE None TITLE LONGITUDINAL MOMENT
MEMBER LOAD
1 TO 4 UMOM GX 7.35
LOAD COMB 4 NORMAL ULS
1 1.35 2 1.5 3 1.5
PERFORM ANALYSIS PRINT ALL
FINISH
73

For Abutment (A2)
1.5 m - 3.0 m - Red soil N = 27
3.0 m - 6.0 m - Red & yellow soil N = 28
6.0 m - 13.5 m - Sand N = 36
13.5 m - 18.0 m - Black clay N = 29
18.0 m - 19.5 m - Clay N = 29
19.5 m - 24.5 m - Soft rock
24.5 m - 27.85 m - Hard Rock N = 150 assumed for Hard rock

Method 2:
Where,
of this region
Nc = 9
Qu = Re + Raf
Re = Cu.b . Nc . Ab
Raf = As Cu.s
Re = 1.3 x 9 x 785398.16
= 9189158.47 N
= 936.71 t
Raf = 1.3 x 5497787.14
= 7147123.28 N
= 728.55 t

= (936.71/3) + (728.55/6)
= 312.2 + 121.4
= 433.7 t
say 425 t
74
DESIGN OF ABUTMENT (A2)

Levels :
Road Level = + 13.170 M
Bottom of Girder = + 12.170 M
Top of Abt cap = + 11.690 M
Top of Pile cap Level = + 5.000 M
Bottom of Pile cap level = + 3.500 M
Calculation of Z for pile group :
3
Z xx = 16 x 2 ² = 32 m
2.000
Z yy = 2 x 1.059 ² + 2 x 4.061 ² + 2 x 7.061 ²
2 x 10.06 ² + 2 x 13.06 ² + 2 x 1.941 ² =
2 x 4.941 ² + 2 x 7.941 ² 861.04962
13.061 13.061
3
= 65.93 m
75
Self weight of pile

2
Area of 1m dia pile = π d /4
= 0.785
Depth of pile till fixity = 5.19 m
= 0.785 x 5.19 x 2.5
= 10.19 t
Calculation for Depth of Fixity for pile:
Lateral capacity of the pile :
The pile is bored pile.
Dia of pile = 1m
Grade of concrete for pile M30 (fck) = 35 N/mm2
Youngs modulus of concrete E = 5000x√fck
= 29580.4 N/mm2
2
= 3E+07 kN/m
Moment of inertia of pile I =πx1^4/64 = 4.91E-02 m^4
Depth of fixity for Pile :

C-2 Stiffness factor
ηh = 20 x 103 kN/m3 ( Table 3: modulus of sub grade reaction)
For piles in sand and normally loaded clays

5
Where T = √(EI/ηh)
T = 2.36 m
Equivalent length of cantilever for fixed head
Corresponding Lf/T = 2.2 (From fig.3 - Depth fixity)
Hence Lf = 2.2x T
Lf = 5.19 cm
= 5.19 m
2xT = 2 x 2.36
= 4.72 m < 5.19 m
4xT = 4 x 2.36
= 9.44 m > 5.19 m
Hence, the pile has both Short rigid pile behaviour and Long elastic behaviour
76
CALCULATION FOR LOAD ON PILE: (SERVICEABILITY CONDITION) - TAKING MOMENT ABOUT CENTRE OF FRONT PILE
LA abt
Horizon Vertical BM
S NO DESCRIPTION OF WORKS LF centre BM
tal load load Mxx
of pile Myy
II LIVE LOAD
1 Abutment cap 1.850 x 1.00 x 23.552 x 2.5 1.00 108.93 0.425 46.29
2 Upright slab 0.600 x 5.690 x 23.552 x 2.5 1.00 201.02 -0.20 -40.20
3 Dirt wall 0.300 x 1.48 x 23.552 x 2.5 1.00 26.14 1.125 29.41
5 Return wall - 1 0.75 x 8.17 x 5.482 x 2.5 x 2 1.00 167.95 2.962 497.48
Return wall - 2 0.75 x 5.69 x 1.908 x 2.5 x 2 1.00 40.71 0.687 27.97
Counterfort-triangle (avg. base) 0.45 x 5.69 x 3.363 x 2.5 x 3 x 0.5 1.00 32.29 2.040 65.87
7 Pile cap 5.5 x 1.5 x 23.877 x 2.5 1.00 492.46 2.00 984.93
V EARTH WEIGHT
Counterfort-triangle (avg. base) 0.45 x 5.69 x 3.363 x 1.8 x 3 x 0.5 1.00 -23.25 2.040 -47.43
762.78 2983.16 1589.07 169.3

= 0.533 m
= 1.467 m
= 2983.16 x 1.467
= 4376.29 tm
77
of pile
16 32.00 65.92524
= 186.4 + 136.759 + 2.568267 + 10.2

= 335.97 t

16 32.000 65.92524
= 186.4 - 136.759 - 2.568267 + 10.2

= 57.31 t
Max. BM on pile
Load for 1 pile = 762.78 / 16
= 47.674 t
Lever arm = (5.19 / 2)
= 2.595 m
= 123.713 tm IS 2911 (Part 1/Sec 2) : 2010
78
CALCULATION FOR LOAD ON PILE: (ULTIMATE CONDITION) - TAKING MOMENT ABOUT CENTRE OF FRONT PILE
II LIVE LOAD
1 Abutment cap 1.850 x 1.00 x 23.552 x 2.5 1.35 147.05 0.43 62.50
2 Upright slab 0.600 x 5.69 x 23.552 x 2.5 1.35 271.37 -0.20 -54.27
3 Dirt wall 0.300 x 1.48 x 23.552 x 2.5 1.35 35.29 1.13 39.70
5 Return wall - 1 0.750 x 8.17 x 5.482 x 2.5 x 2 1.35 226.74 2.96 671.60
Return wall - 2 0.750 x 5.69 x 1.908 x 2.5 x 2 1.35 54.96 0.69 37.76
7 Pile cap 5.500 x 1.50 x 23.877 x 2.5 1.35 664.83 2.00 1329.65
V EARTH WEIGHT
1144.16 4236.33 2109.25 254.0

= 0.498 m
= 1.502 m
= 4236.33 x 1.502
= 6362.97 tm
79
of pile
16 32.00 65.92524
= 264.8 + 198.843 + 3.8524 + 10.2

= 477.66 t

16 32.00 65.92524
= 264.8 - 198.843 - 3.8524 + 10.2

= 72.27 t
Max. BM on pile
Load for 1 pile = 1144.16 / 16
= 71.510 t
Lever arm = (5.19 / 2)
= 2.595 m
= 185.568 tm IS 2911 (Part 1/Sec 2) : 2010
80
CALCULATION FOR LOAD ON PILE: (NORMAL CONDITION WITH WIND) - TAKING MOMENT ABOUT CENTRE OF FRONT PILE
II LIVE LOAD
1 Abutment cap 1.850 x 1.00 x 23.55 x 2.5 1.00 108.93 0.43 46.29
2 Upright slab 0.600 x 5.69 x 23.55 x 2.5 1.00 201.02 -0.20 -40.20
3 Dirt wall 0.300 x 1.48 x 23.55 x 2.5 1.00 26.14 1.13 29.41
5 Return wall - 1 0.750 x 8.17 x 5.48 x 2.5 x 2.00 1.00 167.95 2.96 497.48
Return wall - 2 0.750 x 5.69 x 1.91 x 2.5 x 2.00 1.00 40.71 0.69 27.97
6 Counterfort-rectangle 0.450 x 5.69 x 2.03 x 2.5 x 3.00 1.00 38.98 0.69 26.78
Counterfort-triangle 0.450 x 5.69 x 3.36 x 2.5 x 3.00 x 0.50 1.00 32.29 2.04 65.87
7 Pile cap 5.500 x 1.50 x 23.88 x 2.5 1.00 492.46 2.00 984.93
V EARTH WEIGHT
IX WIND LOAD
777.01 2983.16 1589.07 273.5

= 0.533 m
= 1.467 m
= 2983.16 x 1.467
= 4376.29 tm
81
of pile
16 32.00 65.92524
= 186.4 + 136.759 + 4.149225 + 10.2

= 337.55 t

16 32.00 65.92524
= 186.4 - 136.759 - 4.149225 + 10.2

= 55.73 t
Max. BM on pile
Load for 1 pile = 762.91 / 16
= 47.682 t
Lever arm = (5.19 / 2)
= 2.595
= 123.734 tm IS 2911 (Part 1/Sec 2) : 2010
82
CALCULATION FOR LOAD ON PILE: (ULTIMATE CONDITION WITH WIND) - TAKING MOMENT ABOUT CENTRE OF FRONT PILE
II LIVE LOAD
1 Abutment cap 1.850 x 1.000 x 23.552 x 2.5 1.35 147.05 0.43 62.50
2 Upright slab 0.600 x 5.690 x 23.552 x 2.5 1.35 271.37 -0.20 -54.27
3 Dirt wall 0.300 x 1.480 x 23.552 x 2.5 1.35 35.29 1.13 39.70
5 Return wall - 1 0.750 x 8.170 x 5.482 x 2.5 x 2 1.35 226.74 2.96 671.60
Return wall - 2 0.750 x 5.690 x 1.908 x 2.5 x 2 1.35 54.96 0.69 37.76
7 Pile cap 5.500 x 1.500 x 23.877 x 2.5 1.35 664.83 2.00 1329.65
V EARTH WEIGHT
IX WIND LOAD
1174.01 4236.33 2109.25 655.4

= 0.498 m
= 1.502 m
= 4236.33 x 1.502
= 6362.97 tm
83
of pile
16 32.00 65.92524
= 264.8 + 198.843 + 9.941595 + 10.2

= 483.75 t

16 32.00 65.92524
= 264.8 - 198.843 - 9.941595 + 10.2

= 66.18 t
Max. BM on pile
Load for 1 pile = 1144.55 / 16
= 71.534 t
Lever arm = (5.19 / 2)
= 2.595
= 185.632 tm IS 2911 (Part 1/Sec 2) : 2010
84
CALCULATION FOR LOAD ON PILE: (IN SEISMIC CONDITION)
Horizontal seismic co-efficient Ah = 0.080

Seismic co- Horizont LA abt BM BM
S NO DESCRIPTION OF WORKS
efficient al load centre Mxx Myy
II WEIGHT OF CONCRETE
3 Dirt wall (1/3rd) 0.300 x 1.480 x 23.552 x 2.5 0.080 0.70 7.430 5.17
53.23 329.08 0.0

LF - load factor
M ( tm ) LF
3
Zxx of pile cap = 32.00 m
Seismic co- Horizont BM BM

S NO DESCRIPTION OF WORKS LA
efficient al load Mxx Myy
II Live Load without impact (20%) 0.2 x 104.89 x 1 0.080 1.68 9.670 16.2
III WEIGHT OF CONCRETE
3 Dirt wall (1/3rd) 0.300 x 1.480 x 23.552 x 2.5 0.080 0.70 7.430 5.17
54.89 345.15 345.1
85
LF - load factor
M ( tm ) LF
3
Zyy of pile cap = 65.93 m
INCREASE IN TOTAL SEISMIC

S.No DESCRIPTION MAX. LOAD SEISMIC LOAD LOAD

DECREASE IN TOTAL SEISMIC

S.No DESCRIPTION MIN. LOAD SEISMIC LOAD LOAD

Resultant horizontal force (Normal condition) = 53.234 + 54.89 ^(1/2)

= 76.46 t
Resultant horizontal force (Ultimate condition) = 53.234 + 54.89 ^(1/2)

= 76.46 t
P(t) LF
Horizontal load due to seismic effect (Normal condition) = 76.46 x 1.0 = 76.46 t
Horizontal load due to seismic effect (Ultimate condition) = 76.46 x 1.0 = 76.46 t
No. of piles = 16
Increasing moment due to seismic effect (Normal condition) = 76.46 / 16.00 = 4.779 t
Increasing moment due to seismic effect (Ultimate condition) = 76.46 / 16.00 = 4.779 t
L.A = 2.60 m
Moment (Normal condition) = 4.78 x 2.595 = 12.4 tm
Moment (Ultimate condition) = 4.78 x 2.595 = 12.4 tm
86
MOMENT ( INCREASE IN TOTAL SEISMIC

S.No DESCRIPTION tm) SEISMIC MOMENT MOMENT ( tm )

Abstract for Load on Pile on Abutment (A2) :
WITHOUT WIND
WITH WIND
WITH SEISMIC
87

Materials Property
Clear Cover = 75 mm
Effective cover (d') = 75+32/2 = 91 mm
d'/D = 91 / 1000 = 0.09 mm
Critical Load case:

Mu = 150.31 tm
Moment
Pu/fck D² = (477.66x10^4)/(35x1000²)= 0.14
Mu/fck D³ = (150.3104445x10^7)/(35x1000³)= 0.04
P/fck = 0.012
= 0.42 %
= 3298.7 mm²
= π/4 x ( 1000 ²) x ( 0.8 / 100)

= 6283.2 mm²
= 6283.2 mm²
Provide, 32 # - 22 Nos = 17693.45 mm² > 6283.2 mm²

Hence Ok

785398
C/C of Main rods = 2569.8 / 21 - 32

= 90.37 mm > 40 mm (min)
Hence Ok
88
Materials Property
Clear Cover = 75 mm
d'/D = 91 / 1000 = 0.09 mm
Critical Load case:

Mu = 150.31 tm
Moment
Pu/fck D² = (72.27x10^4)/(35x1000²)= 0.02
Mu/fck D³ = (150.3104445x10^7)/(35x1000³)= 0.04
P/fck = 0.020
= 0.7 %
= 5497.8 mm²
= π/4 x ( 1000 ²) x ( 0.8 / 100)

= 6283.2 mm²
= 6283.2 mm²
Provide, 32 # - 22 Nos = 17693.45 mm² > 6283.2 mm²

Hence Ok

785398
C/C of Main rods = 2569.8 / 21 - 32

= 90.37 mm > 40 mm (min)
Hence Ok
89
Materials Property
Clear Cover = 75 mm
d'/D = 91 / 1000 = 0.09 mm
Critical Load case:

Mu = 150.36 tm
Moment
Pu/fck D² = (483.75x10^4)/(35x1000²)= 0.14
Mu/fck D³ = (150.36167953125x10^7)/(35x1000³)= 0.04
P/fck = 0.012
= 0.42 %
= 3298.7 mm²
= π/4 x ( 1000 ²) x ( 0.8 / 100)

= 6283.2 mm²
= 6283.2 mm²
Provide, 32 # - 22 Nos = 17693.45 mm² > 6283.2 mm²

Hence Ok

785398
C/C of Main rods = 2569.8 / 21 - 32

= 90.37 mm > 40 mm (min)
Hence Ok
90
Materials Property
Clear Cover = 75 mm
d'/D = 91 / 1000 = 0.09 mm
Critical Load case:

Mu = 150.36 tm
Moment
Pu/fck D² = (66.18x10^4)/(35x1000²)= 0.02
Mu/fck D³ = (150.36167953125x10^7)/(35x1000³)= 0.04
P/fck = 0.020
= 0.7 %
= 5497.8 mm²
= π/4 x ( 1000 ²) x ( 0.8 / 100)

= 6283.2 mm²
= 6283.2 mm²
Provide, 32 # - 22 Nos = 17693.45 mm² > 6283.2 mm²

Hence Ok

785398
C/C of Main rods = 2569.8 / 21 - 32

= 90.37 mm > 40 mm (min)
Hence Ok
91
Materials Property
Clear Cover = 75 mm
d'/D = 91 / 1000 = 0.09 mm
Critical Load case:

Mu = 162.71 tm
Moment
Pu/fck D² = (487.94x10^4)/(35x1000²)= 0.14
Mu/fck D³ = (162.7104445x10^7)/(35x1000³)= 0.05
P/fck = 0.012
= 0.42 %
= 3298.7 mm²
= π/4 x ( 1000 ²) x ( 0.8 / 100)

= 6283.2 mm²
= 6283.2 mm²
Provide, 32 # - 22 Nos = 17693.45 mm² > 6283.2 mm²

Hence Ok

785398
C/C of Main rods = 2569.8 / 21 - 32

= 90.37 mm > 40 mm (min)
Hence Ok
92
Materials Property
Clear Cover = 75 mm
d'/D = 91 / 1000 = 0.09 mm
Critical Load case:

Mu = 162.71 tm
Moment
Pu/fck D² = (61.99x10^4)/(35x1000²)= 0.02
Mu/fck D³ = (162.7104445x10^7)/(35x1000³)= 0.05
P/fck = 0.020
= 0.7 %
= 5497.8 mm²
= π/4 x ( 1000 ²) x ( 0.8 / 100)

= 6283.2 mm²
= 6283.2 mm²
Provide, 32 # - 22 Nos = 17693.45 mm² > 6283.2 mm²

Hence Ok

785398
C/C of Main rods = 2569.8 / 21 - 32

= 90.37 mm > 40 mm (min)
Hence Ok
93

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PILE DESIGN
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL LOAD = 336 tons
MOMENT = 100.2 tm
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CONCRETE 5115.37 14.92 76309.58 1138364.05
-do- SELF MI 1374733.11

STEEL
126.7 70.31 8907.48 626241.58
126.7 67.03 8491.94 569175.58
126.7 60.73 7694.53 467300.84
126.7 51.93 6579.85 341715.04
110.61 41.34 4573.18 189074.4
110.61 29.82 3298.61 98368.63
110.61 18.3 2024.03 37036.52
110.61 7.71 852.72 6573.63
110.61 -1.09 -120.44 131.15
110.61 -7.38 -816.61 6028.73
110.61 -10.66 -1179.38 12574.96
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL 6396.45 116615.49 4867318
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
94
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PILE DESIGN
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MOMENT = 100.22 tm
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CONCRETE 5115.37 14.78 75616.91 1117791.74
-do- SELF MI 1374733.11

STEEL
126.7 70.17 8890.33 623831.59
126.7 66.89 8474.79 566878.13
126.7 60.6 7677.38 465219.33
126.7 51.8 6562.69 339935.42
110.61 41.21 4558.2 187837.92
110.61 29.69 3283.63 97477.34
110.61 18.16 2009.05 36490.4
110.61 7.57 837.74 6344.73
110.61 -1.22 -135.42 165.8
110.61 -7.52 -831.59 6251.92
110.61 -10.8 -1194.36 12896.39
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL 6396.45 115749.35 4835854
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
95
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PILE DESIGN
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MOMENT = 112.61 tm
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CONCRETE 4822.11 16.07 77489.18 1245217.82
-do- SELF MI 1173798.94

STEEL
126.7 73 9249.14 675203.07
126.7 69.72 8833.6 615895.98
126.7 63.43 8036.19 509720.6
126.7 54.63 6921.51 378123.06
126.7 44.04 5579.86 245741.32
110.61 32.52 3596.89 116963.15
110.61 21 2322.31 48756.95
110.61 10.41 1151 11976.89
110.61 1.61 177.84 285.91
110.61 -4.69 -518.33 2428.9
110.61 -7.97 -881.1 7018.61
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL 6119.27 121958.06 5031131
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
96
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PILE DESIGN
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MOMENT = 112.61 tm
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CONCRETE 2354.73 209.5 493317.17 103350075
-do- SELF MI 189338.49

STEEL
126.7 280.08 35485.36 9938718.9
126.7 276.8 35069.82 9707314.61
126.7 270.51 34272.41 9270887.2
126.7 261.71 33157.73 8677637.97
126.7 251.12 31816.08 7989605.32
126.7 239.6 30356.16 7273201.27
126.7 228.07 28896.24 6590442.96
110.61 217.48 24056.37 5231861.14
110.61 208.69 23083.21 4817130.45
110.61 202.39 22387.05 4530952.15
110.61 199.11 22024.27 4385297.17
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL 3684.07 813921.86 181952463
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
97
DESIGN OF PILECAP (A2):
Pile cap size = 23.552 x 5.5 x 1.5

Max. Load on Pile (Ultimate) = 477.66 t
= 467.47 t
Number of Piles = 4 for one panel
Dimension of panel = 4.527 x 3
Load Per/m² on pile cap = 467.47 x 4

4.527 x 3
= 137.68 t/m²
Reducting the Earth weight = 8.175 x 1.8 x 1.5
= 22.07 t/m²
Net weight = 137.68 - 22.07

= 115.61 t/m²
Lx = 3m
Ly = 4.527 m
Ly/Lx = 4.527/3
= 1.51 < 2
Two way slab

= 1500 - 75-12.5
= 1412.5 mm
αx (+ve) = 0.045 (FROM IS 456 : 2000,

αx (-ve) = 0.06 TABLE 26, PAGE NO:91)
αy (+ve) = 0.035
αy (-ve) = -
Mx = αx.w.lx²
= 0.06x115.61x3x3
62.43 tm
My = αy.w.lx²
= 0.035x115.61x3x3
36.42 tm
98

Clear Cover = 75 mm
Depth Required :
Upto M60 grade ,MR = 0.36 fck b x [ d - 0.42x]

Strain in steel = fy / (γm.Es) + 0.002
= 500 / 1.15 x 2x E+05 + 0.002
= 0.00417
Strain in concrete = 0.0035
depth of NA for = 0.0035 d

balanced section (x) 0.0035 + 0.00417
x = 0.456 d
Sub the value of 'x' in MR
2
MR = 0.1658.fck.b.d
d = Mu
0.1658 fck.b
= 612.44 x E6
0.1658x35x1000
= 105538.51
d = 324.87 mm < 1413 mm

Hence Ok...
= 0.2/100x1000x1500
= 3000 mm²
x/d = 0.456
x = 0.456 d
Ast = M x 1.15
fy (d - 0.416.x)
= 612.44 x E6 x 1.15
500 x ( 1412.5-(0.416 x 0.456 x 1412.5))
= 1230.71 mm²
Area of 25# = 490.9 mm²
= 3272.5 mm² > 3000 mm²
Hence Ok…
99
CHECK FOR SHEAR:
Max. shear = 137.68 t

TOTAL = 1376.8 kN

= 137.68x10E4/(1412.5x1000)
= 0.975 < 4.75 N/mm²

= 0.23 %

Shear stress (‫ح‬v) = 0.97 N/mm² =1376830/(1412.5*1000)
max‫ح‬ = 4.75 N/mm² (M35)
P (100xAst/bd) = 0.23 % 0.15 0.29
0.25 0.37
For P= 100 Ast/bd = 0.23 % ‫ح‬c = 0.354 0.23 0.354

= 876805 N
= 876.81 KN
2
σst = 435 N/mm (0.87 x fy)
Asv =Vs S /σst.d = (876805x150) / (435x1412.5)
= 214.1 mm²
100
DESIGN OF UPRIGHT SLAB (A2):
Height of Upright slab = 5.690 m

Maximum Spacing of counterfort (L) = 5.279 m
Pressure intensity due to EP & Surcharge = ka x γ x h

@ bottom of upright slab W = 0.3x1.8x9.37
= 5.06 t/m²
Under Ultimate load condition = 5.0598x1.5
W = 7.59 t/m²
Max BM for the upright slab for the bottom 1m strip

Considering Counterfort as support = WL²/12
Mu = 7.59x5.279²/12
Support moment = 17.63 tm
= WL²/24
Mu = 7.59x5.279²/24
Span moment = 8.81 tm
Mu Support moment = 176.26 kNm

Mu Span moment = 88.13 kNm
2
Clear Cover = 75 mm

= 600 - 75-8
= 517 mm
MR = 0.1658.fck.b.d2
d = Mu
0.1658 fck.b
= 176.26 x E6
0.1658x35x1000
= 30373.94
d = 174.28 mm < 517.0 mm
Hence Ok...
= 0.2/100x1000x517
= 1034 mm²
101
x/d = 0.456
x = 0.456 d
Ast = M x 1.15
fy (d - 0.416.x)
= 176.26 x E6 x 1.15
500 x ( 517-(0.416 x 0.456 x 517))
= 967.71 mm²
Provide 16# ,150 C/C spacing on Both faces Horizontally
Area of 16# = 201.1 mm²
= 1340.4 mm² > 1034.0 mm²
Hence Ok…
Vertical Reinforcement:
0.12% b D = 0.12%x1000x517
= 620.40 mm²
Size of rod provided = 16 mm
Area of one rod = 201 mm²
Spacing of rods = 150 mm
(200.96x1000)/150 = 1339.73 mm² > 620 mm²
Provide16 # rods @ 150 mm C/C Both faces Vertically
Check for Shear :
Maximum sher force = WL / 2

= 7.59 x 5.279 /2
= 20.03 t
= 20.03x10E4/(1000x517)
= 0.387 < 4.75 N/mm²
Percentage of steel provided = (100x1340.41/150x 600 - 75-8)
= 0.26 % 0.25 0.37
Depth Factor = 1.00
Svc = 0.37x1
= 0.37 N/mm²
= 0.387 > 0.37
Shear reinforcement Required…
However difference in Shear stresses is less, nominal shear reinforcement is provided.
0.87 fy
= 0.4 x 1000 x 300
0.87 x 500
= 267 mm²
102
Area of 12 # rod = 113.1 mm²

= 377 > 267 mm²
Hence ok…
DESIGN OF COUNTERFORTS (A2):
Counter fort Base width = 5.393 m i.e. 5393 mm

Counterfort Thickness = 0.45 m i.e. 450 mm
Total lateral pressure transferred to one counter fort above the level of the base slab
Height of counterfort h = 5.690 m
Counterfort spacing l = 5.297 m
2
2
Breadth , b = 1000 mm

Pressure intensity due to EP & Surcharge = 0.3 x 1.8 x 10.87
2
= 5.87 t/m
= 1 /2 x 5.87 x 9.37
= 27.50 t
= 3.935 m
= 108.21 tm
Maximum B.M for the counterfort = 108.21 x 5.297

= 573.19 tm
= 5731.88 kNm
Effective depth available = (5393-40-25/2)

= 5340.50 mm
MR = 0.1658.fck.b.d2
d = Mu
0.1658 fck.b
= 5731.88 x E6
0.1658x35x1000
= 987744
d = 993.85 mm < 5340.5 mm

Hence Ok...
Let the inclination of the main steel with vertical be ß
Tan ß = 5.393/5.69
Tan ß = 0.95
103
ß = 43.53
x/d = 0.456
x = 0.456 d
Ast = M x 1.15
fy (d - 0.416.x)
= 5731.88 x E6 x 1.15 x sec(43.53)
500 x ( 5340.5-(0.416 x 0.456 x 5340.5))
= 4201.934 mm²
Minimum steel req = (0.2/100x450x5393)

= 4853.70 mm²
Size of rod = 25 mm
No of rods req.. = 4853.7/490.625
= 9.893 nos
say = 12 nos
Provide 25# - 12 nos in Three layer
Connection between the counterfort and the upright slab:

Consider the bottom 1 m deep strip of the upright slab.(horizontal stirrups)
Lateral Pressure transferred to counterfort = wH(1-sin30/1+sin30)
for 1m strip at bottom = 1.8x9.37 x (1-sin30/1+sin30)
= 5.57 t/m²
Maximum Spacing between counterforts = 5.297 m
Maximum Pressure acting between counterforts = 5.57 x 5.297
= 29.5 t/m
= 44.25 t/m (29.5x1.5)
Steel required per metre length = 44.25x10^4/0.87x500
= 1017.24 mm²
Width of counter fort = 450 mm
Size of rod = 12 mm
Ast Provided (for two legged) = 753.6 x 2 mm²
= 1507.2 mm² > 1017.24 mm²
Hence ok
Provide 12mm # 2 legged horizontal stirrups @ 150mm c/c .
Connection between the counter fort and pile cap:

Base width of Pile cap = 8.933 m
DL.of earth Between counterforts
8.17x5.393x5.297x1.8 = 420.1 t
DL of soil per m length = 420.1/8.933
= 47.03 t/m
= 70.545 t/m (47.03x1.5)
Area of steel required per m length = 70.545x10^4/0.87x500
= 1621.72 mm²
Size of rod = 16 mm
Ast Provided(for two legged) = 1339.73 x 2
= 2679.46 > 1621.72 mm²
Hence ok
Provide 16mm # 2 legged vertical stirrups @ 150mm c/c .
104
DESIGN OF RETURN WALL (A2):

(Refered from "Roark’s Formulas for Stress and Strain by WARREN C. YOUNG)" (page.-515)
Return wall = a x b
= 7.39 x 8.170
0 t/m²
7.39
9.37 m
8.170 8.17+1.2
q=
5.06 t/m²
Rectangular plate; two adjacent edges are fixed
and two remaining edges are free.
Case 11d. a/b = 7.39 / 8.17

= 0.90

1.2m Height (As per cl: 214.1)
= 7.39 x 9.370
= 0.30 x 1.8 x 9.37
q = 5.06 t/m²
For Back fill & Surcharge:

based on a / b
Table Ref: = Table: 11.4, Case 11d
β1 = 0.635 ( Vertical pressure co efficeient )
β2 = 0.351 ( Horizontal pressure co efficeient )
q = 5.06 t/m² / m
105
M = σ.Z
2 2
σ = -(β q b / t )
Z = a t2 / 6
2 2 2
Mb = -(β q b / t ) x at /6
2
= -(β q a b / 6)
Moment @ base Mb = -(β1 q a b2 / 6) x1/a

= -(0.635 x 5.06 x 7.39 x 9.37² / 6) x (1 / 7.39)
= -47.02 tm / m
Similarly
Moment @ face Mf = -(β2 q b3 / 6) x1/b
= -(0.351 x 5.06 x 9.37³ / 6) x (1 / 8.17)
= -29.81 tm / m
Return wall design for Vertical reinforcement

= -47.02 x 1.5
Design moment for Return wall Vertically = 70.53 tm
2
2
Clear Cover = 75 mm

= 750 - 75-12.5
= 662.5 mm
2
MR = 0.1658.fck.b.d
d = Mu
0.1658 fck.b
= 705.25 x E6
0.1658x35x1000
= 121531.97
d = 348.61 mm < 662.5 mm

Hence Ok...
= 0.2/100x1000x662.5
= 1325 mm²
106

x = 0.456 d
Ast =M x 1.15
fy (d - 0.416.x)
= 705.25 x E6 x 1.15
500 x ( 662.5-(0.416 x 0.456 x 662.5))
= 3021.6 mm²
Area of 25# = 490.9 mm²
= 3272.5 mm² > 3021.6 mm²
Hence Ok…
Return wall design for Horizontal reinforcement

= -29.81 x 1.5
Design moment for Return wall horizontally = 44.71 tm
2
Clear Cover = 75 mm

= 750 - 75-10
= 665 mm
2
MR = 0.1658.fck.b.d
d = Mu
0.1658 fck.b
= 447.1 x E6
0.1658x35x1000
= 77046.36
d = 277.57 mm < 665.0 mm
Hence Ok...
= 0.2/100x1000x665
= 1330 mm²
107

x = 0.456 d
Ast =M x 1.15
fy (d - 0.416.x)
= 447.1 x E6 x 1.15
500 x ( 665-(0.416 x 0.456 x 665))
= 1908.37 mm²
Provide 20# ,150 C/C spacing on Earth face Horizontally
Provide 16# ,150 C/C spacing on Outer face Horizontally
Area of 20# = 314.2 mm²
= 2094.4 mm² > 1908.4 mm²
Hence Ok…
CHECK FOR SHEAR:


= 7.59x10E4/(1000x662.5)
= 0.115 < 4.75 N/mm²
Percentage of steel provided = (100x3272.49/1000x662.5) 0.25 0.37
= 0.49 % 0.5 0.50
Provided spacing of links,sv = 300 mm
Depth Factor = 1.00
Svc = 0.5x1
= 0.50 N/mm²
= 0.11 < 0.50
Hence ok…
0.87 fy
= 0.4 x 1000 x 300
0.87 x 500
= 276 mm²
Area of 12 # rod = 113.1 mm²

= 377 > 276 mm²
Hence ok…
108
DESIGN OF DIRT WALL (A2):

Dirt wall design for Vertical reinforcement
Dirt wall = 0.3 x 1.480
1.2m Height
= 0.3 x 2.680
= 0.30 x 1.8 x 2.68
q = 1.45 t/m
= 1.45 x 2.68 x 0.5
= 1.94 t - per 'm'
Lever arm = 1.13 (0.42 x h)
Moment due EP and Surcharge = 1.94 x 1.13
= 2.19 tm
= 2.19 x 1.5
Design moment for Dirt wall Vertically = 3.285 tm
Clear Cover = 50 mm

= 300 - 50-6
= 244 mm
MR = 0.1658.fck.b.d2
d = Mu
0.1658 fck.b
= 32.85 x E6
0.1658x35x1000
= 5660.87
d = 75.24 mm < 244.0 mm

Hence Ok...
= 0.2/100x1000x244
= 488 mm²
109

x = 0.456 d
Ast =M x 1.15
fy (d - 0.416.x)
= 32.85 x E6 x 1.15
500 x ( 244-(0.416 x 0.456 x 244))
= 382.14 mm²
Area of 12# = 113.1 mm²
= 807.8 mm² > 488.0 mm²
Hence Ok…
CHECK FOR SHEAR:


= 2.18x10E4/(1000x244)
= 0.089 < 4.75 N/mm²
Percentage of steel provided = (100x807.84/1000x244) 0.25 0.37
= 0.33 % 0.5 0.50
Provided spacing of links,sv = 280 mm
Depth Factor = 1.11
Svc = 0.41x1.11
= 0.46 N/mm²
= 0.09 < 0.46
Hence ok…
0.87 fy
= 0.4 x 1000 x 280
0.87 x 500
= 257 mm²
Area of 10 # rod = 78.5 mm²

= 280.36 > 257 mm²
Hence ok…
110
DESIGN OF ABUTMENT CAP (A2):
Dead load of Dirt wall = 26.14 t (previous calculation)

Length of Dirt wall = 23.552 m
Load per 'm' run = 26.14 / 23.552
= 1.11 t/m
Dead weight of PSC Solid = 115 t
Slab
Live load with Impact = 40 t
+ footpath Live load
Dead weight of Abutment cap = Self weight in Staad
Earth pressure = t/o road - b/o abutment cap

= 2.68 m + 1.2 m
= 3.88 m
Earth pressure = Ka.γ.h
= 0.3x1.8x3.88
= 2.095 t/m
= 1 /2 x 2.095 x 3.88
= 4.06 t
= 1.63 m
B.M due to E.P = 6.62 tm / m
Longitudinal load = 12.065 t

Lever arm, L.A. = 1.48 m
= 12.065 x 1.48
= 17.86 tm
= 17.8562 / 23.552
= 0.758 tm / m
Total moment = 6.62 + 0.758

= 7.38 tm / m (Input for STAAD)
1 4 2 0 152.953 0 -54.793 0 -199.251
Ultimate load factors applied
BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM : ULS
Moment = -199.251 tm
= 1992.5 kNm
111
Design of Abtument Cap for (A2) 1.85m width:
Moment = 1993 kNm

Torsion = 538 kNm

Torsion, Tu = 538 kNm (cl. 304.7.2.4.2 - IRC 21)
Me1 = Mu + Mt
Mt = Tu (1 + D/B)
1.7
(1 + D/B) = 0.91
1.7
= 538 x 0.91
= 489.1426 kNm
Me1 = Mu + Mt
= 2482 kNm
Clear Cover = 50 mm
Depth Required :
= 1000 - 50-12.5
= 937.5 mm
2
MR = 0.1658.fck.b.d
d = Mu
0.1658 fck.b
= 2481.65 x E6
0.1658x35x1850
= 231161.9
d = 480.79 mm < 938 mm

Hence Ok...
= 0.2/100x1850x1000
= 3700 mm²

x = 0.456 d
Ast = M x 1.15
fy (d - 0.416.x)
= 2481.65 x E6 x 1.15
500 x ( 937.5-(0.416 x 0.456 x 937.5))
= 7513.62 mm²
Provide 25# ,18 Nos on Top of Abutment Cap
Provide 25# ,18 Nos on Bottom of Abutment Cap
Area of 25# = 490.9 mm²
= 8835.7 mm² > 7514 mm²
Hence Ok…
112
CHECK FOR SHEAR:
Shear, v= 152.953 t = 1500.47 kN

Torsional moment = 537.519 kN.m
Equivalent shear = V + 1.6 T (cl. 304.7.2.3.1 - IRC 21)

b
= 1500.47 + 1.6 x 537.519

1.85
= 1500.47 + 464.882
= 1965.35 kN
Design S.F = 1965.4 kN
(From the above tabulation)

Shear stress (‫ح‬v) = 1.13 N/mm² =1965350/(1850*937.5)
max‫ح‬ = 4.75 N/mm² (M35)
P (100xAst/bd) = 0.51 % 0.5 0.5
0.75 0.59
For P= 100 Ast/bd = 0.51 % ‫ح‬c= 0.504 0.51 0.504

= 1091919 N
= 1091.92 KN

σst = 435 N/mm^2
Asv =Vs S /σst.d = (1091918.75x150) / (435x937.5)
= 401.625 mm²
Number of Shear Legs provided = 8
Area of steel Provided = 628 mm² > 402 mm²
Using 10 Tor -8 legged stirrups @ 150 mm crs(Inner)-throughout length
20 # 2 legged outer stirrups @ 150 C/C
113
STAAD INPUT FOR ABUTMENTCAP (A2)
STAAD SPACE
END JOB INFORMATION
INPUT WIDTH 79
UNIT METER MTON
JOINT COORDINATES
1 0 0 0; 2 5.888 0 0; 3 11.167 0 0; 4 16.446 0 0; 5 22.334 0 0;
MEMBER INCIDENCES
1 1 2; 2 2 3; 3 3 4; 4 4 5;
ISOTROPIC CONCRETE
E 2.21467e+006
POISSON 0.17
DENSITY 2.40262
ALPHA 1e-005
DAMP 0.05
END DEFINE MATERIAL
CONSTANTS
1 TO 4 PRIS YD 1 ZD 1.85
SUPPORTS
1 TO 5 FIXED
****
LOAD 1 DEADLOAD
MEMBER LOAD
1 CON GY -115 3.371 0.205
2 CON GY -115 2.681 0.205
3 CON GY -115 2.6 0.205
4 CON GY -115 2.518 0.205
1 TO 4 UNI GY -1.11 0 0 -0.7
LOAD 2 LOADTYPE None TITLE LIVELOAD
MEMBER LOAD
1 CON GY -40 3.371 0.205
2 CON GY -40 2.681 0.205
3 CON GY -40 2.6 0.205
4 CON GY -40 2.518 0.205
LOAD 3 LOADTYPE None TITLE LONGITUDINAL MOMENT
MEMBER LOAD
1 TO 4 UMOM GX 7.38
1 1.35 2 1.5 3 1.5
PERFORM ANALYSIS PRINT ALL
FINISH
114

For Pier (P1)
1.5 m - 3.0 m - Red soil N = 27
3.0 m - 6.0 m - Red & yellow soil N = 28
6.0 m - 13.5 m - Sand N = 36
13.5 m - 18.0 m - Black clay N = 29
18.0 m - 19.5 m - Clay N = 29
19.5 m - 24.5 m - Soft rock
24.5 m - 27.85 m - Hard Rock N = 150 assumed for Hard rock

Method 2:
Where,
of this region
Nc = 9
Qu = Re + Raf
Re = Cu.b . Nc . Ab
Raf = As Cu.s
Re = 1.3 x 9 x 785398.16
= 9189158.47 N
= 936.71 t
Raf = 1.3 x 5497787.14
= 7147123.28 N
= 728.55 t

= (936.71/3) + (728.55/6)
= 312.2 + 121.4
= 433.7 t
say 425 t
115
DIMENSION DETAILS OF PIER (P1)
116
117
STAAD INPUT FOR PIER (P1)
Live load case (i)

STAAD SPACE
END JOB INFORMATION
INPUT WIDTH 79
UNIT METER MTON
JOINT COORDINATES
1 0 0 0; 2 2.52801 0 0; 3 7.02801 0 0; 4 11.528 0 0; 5 16.028 0 0;
6 20.528 0 0; 7 22.178 0 0; 8 2.52801 -7.17501 0; 9 7.02801 -7.17501 0;
10 11.528 -7.17501 0; 11 16.028 -7.17501 0; 12 20.528 -7.17501 0;
MEMBER INCIDENCES
1 1 2; 2 2 3; 3 3 4; 4 4 5; 5 5 6; 6 6 7; 7 8 2; 8 9 3; 9 10 4; 10 11 5;
11 12 6;
ISOTROPIC CONCRETE
E 2.21467e+006
POISSON 0.17
DENSITY 2.40262
ALPHA 1e-005
DAMP 0.05
END DEFINE MATERIAL
CONSTANTS
7 TO 11 PRIS YD 1.5
1 TO 6 PRIS YD 1.5 ZD 3.4
SUPPORTS
8 TO 12 FIXED
DEFINE 1893 LOAD
ZONE 0.16 RF 2.5 I 1.2 SS 2 ST 1 DM 5 PX 0.4 PZ 0.4 DT 5
SELFWEIGHT -1
MEMBER WEIGHT
1 CON -380 0.853
5 CON -380 3.667
2 CON -115 2.458
3 CON -115 3.156
4 CON -115 3.853
6 CON -115 0.052
1 TO 6 UNI -0.7475
****
LOAD 11 LOADTYPE None TITLE SEISMIC +X
1893 LOAD X 1
LOAD 12 LOADTYPE None TITLE SEISMIC -X
1893 LOAD X -1
LOAD 13 LOADTYPE None TITLE SEISMIC +Z
1893 LOAD Z 1
LOAD 14 LOADTYPE None TITLE SEISMIC -Z
1893 LOAD Z -1
LOAD 1 DEADLOAD
118
MEMBER LOAD
1 CON GY -380 0.853 0.98
5 CON GY -380 3.667 0.98
2 CON GY -115 2.458 -0.98
3 CON GY -115 3.156 -0.98
4 CON GY -115 3.853 -0.98
6 CON GY -115 0.052 -0.98
1 TO 6 UNI GY -0.7475 0 0 -0.7475
LOAD 2 WIND
MEMBER LOAD
7 TO 11 CMOM GZ -46.873
7 TO 11 UNI GX 0.125
1 TO 6 UNI GZ -0.078
7 TO 11 UNI GZ -0.077
LOAD 3 LOADTYPE None TITLE LIVELOAD-CASE 1
MEMBER LOAD
1 CON GY -85 0.853 0.98
5 CON GY -85 3.667 0.98
2 CON GY -10 2.458 -0.98
3 CON GY -10 3.156 -0.98
4 CON GY -10 3.853 -0.98
6 CON GY -10 0.052 -0.98
1 TO 6 UNI GZ -0.8
LOAD COMB 4 NORMAL SLS
1 1.0 3 1.0
LOAD COMB 5 WIND SLS
1 1.0 2 1.0 3 1.0
LOAD COMB 6 (S+X) + 0.3(S+Z) + NORMAL SLS
11 1.0 13 0.3 1 1.0 3 1.0
LOAD COMB 7 (S-X) + 0.3(S+Z) + NORMAL SLS
12 1.0 13 0.3 1 1.0 3 1.0
LOAD COMB 8 (S+X) + 0.3(S-Z) + NORMAL SLS
11 1.0 14 0.3 1 1.0 3 1.0
LOAD COMB 9 (S-X) + 0.3(S-Z) + NORMAL SLS
12 1.0 14 0.3 1 1.0 3 1.0
LOAD COMB 10 0.3(S+X) + (S+Z) + NORMAL SLS
11 0.3 13 1.0 1 1.0 3 1.0
LOAD COMB 15 0.3(S-X) + (S+Z) + NORMAL SLS
12 0.3 13 1.0 1 1.0 3 1.0
LOAD COMB 16 0.3(S+X) + (S-Z) + NORMAL SLS
11 0.3 14 1.0 1 1.0 3 1.0
LOAD COMB 17 0.3(S-X) + (S-Z) + NORMAL SLS
12 0.3 14 1.0 1 1.0 3 1.0
1 1.35 3 1.5
LOAD COMB 19 WIND ULS
1 1.35 2 1.5 3 1.5
LOAD COMB 20 (S+X) + 0.3(S+Z) + NORMAL ULS
11 1.0 13 0.3 1 1.35 3 1.5
LOAD COMB 21 (S-X) + 0.3(S+Z) + NORMAL ULS
12 1.0 13 0.3 1 1.35 3 1.5
LOAD COMB 22 (S+X) + 0.3(S-Z) + NORMAL ULS
119
11 1.0 14 0.3 1 1.35 3 1.5

LOAD COMB 23 (S-X) + 0.3(S-Z) + NORMAL ULS
12 1.0 14 0.3 1 1.35 3 1.5
LOAD COMB 24 0.3(S+X) + (S+Z) + NORMAL ULS
11 0.3 13 1.0 1 1.35 3 1.5
LOAD COMB 25 0.3(S-X) + (S+Z) + NORMAL ULS
12 0.3 13 1.0 1 1.35 3 1.5
LOAD COMB 26 0.3(S+X) + (S-Z) + NORMAL ULS
11 0.3 14 1.0 1 1.35 3 1.5
LOAD COMB 27 0.3(S-X) + (S-Z) + NORMAL ULS
12 0.3 14 1.0 1 1.35 3 1.5
PERFORM ANALYSIS
FINISH
Live load case (ii)

STAAD SPACE
END JOB INFORMATION
INPUT WIDTH 79
UNIT METER MTON
JOINT COORDINATES
1 0 0 0; 2 2.52801 0 0; 3 7.02801 0 0; 4 11.528 0 0; 5 16.028 0 0;
6 20.528 0 0; 7 22.178 0 0; 8 2.52801 -7.17501 0; 9 7.02801 -7.17501 0;
10 11.528 -7.17501 0; 11 16.028 -7.17501 0; 12 20.528 -7.17501 0;
MEMBER INCIDENCES
1 1 2; 2 2 3; 3 3 4; 4 4 5; 5 5 6; 6 6 7; 7 8 2; 8 9 3; 9 10 4; 10 11 5;
11 12 6;
ISOTROPIC CONCRETE
E 2.21467e+006
POISSON 0.17
DENSITY 2.40262
ALPHA 1e-005
DAMP 0.05
END DEFINE MATERIAL
CONSTANTS
7 TO 11 PRIS YD 1.5
1 TO 6 PRIS YD 1.5 ZD 3.4
SUPPORTS
8 TO 12 FIXED
DEFINE 1893 LOAD
ZONE 0.16 RF 2.5 I 1.2 SS 2 ST 1 DM 5 PX 0.4 PZ 0.4 DT 5
SELFWEIGHT -1
MEMBER WEIGHT
1 CON -380 0.853
5 CON -380 3.667
2 CON -115 2.458
3 CON -115 3.156
4 CON -115 3.853
120
6 CON -115 0.052

1 TO 6 UNI -0.7475
****
LOAD 11 LOADTYPE None TITLE SEISMIC +X
1893 LOAD X 1
LOAD 12 LOADTYPE None TITLE SEISMIC -X
1893 LOAD X -1
LOAD 13 LOADTYPE None TITLE SEISMIC +Z
1893 LOAD Z 1
LOAD 14 LOADTYPE None TITLE SEISMIC -Z
1893 LOAD Z -1
LOAD 1 DEADLOAD
MEMBER LOAD
1 CON GY -380 0.853 0.98
5 CON GY -380 3.667 0.98
2 CON GY -115 2.458 -0.98
3 CON GY -115 3.156 -0.98
4 CON GY -115 3.853 -0.98
6 CON GY -115 0.052 -0.98
1 TO 6 UNI GY -0.7475 0 0 -0.7475
LOAD 2 WIND
MEMBER LOAD
7 TO 11 CMOM GZ -46.873
7 TO 11 UNI GX 0.125
1 TO 6 UNI GZ -0.078
7 TO 11 UNI GZ -0.077
LOAD 3 LOADTYPE None TITLE LIVELOAD-CASE 2
MEMBER LOAD
1 CON GY -55 0.853 0.98
5 CON GY -55 3.667 0.98
2 CON GY -30 2.458 -0.98
3 CON GY -30 3.156 -0.98
4 CON GY -30 3.853 -0.98
6 CON GY -30 0.052 -0.98
1 TO 6 UNI GZ -0.8
LOAD COMB 4 NORMAL SLS
1 1.0 3 1.0
LOAD COMB 5 WIND SLS
1 1.0 2 1.0 3 1.0
LOAD COMB 6 (S+X) + 0.3(S+Z) + NORMAL SLS
11 1.0 13 0.3 1 1.0 3 1.0
LOAD COMB 7 (S-X) + 0.3(S+Z) + NORMAL SLS
12 1.0 13 0.3 1 1.0 3 1.0
LOAD COMB 8 (S+X) + 0.3(S-Z) + NORMAL SLS
11 1.0 14 0.3 1 1.0 3 1.0
LOAD COMB 9 (S-X) + 0.3(S-Z) + NORMAL SLS
12 1.0 14 0.3 1 1.0 3 1.0
LOAD COMB 10 0.3(S+X) + (S+Z) + NORMAL SLS
11 0.3 13 1.0 1 1.0 3 1.0
LOAD COMB 15 0.3(S-X) + (S+Z) + NORMAL SLS
12 0.3 13 1.0 1 1.0 3 1.0
LOAD COMB 16 0.3(S+X) + (S-Z) + NORMAL SLS
121
11 0.3 14 1.0 1 1.0 3 1.0

LOAD COMB 17 0.3(S-X) + (S-Z) + NORMAL SLS
12 0.3 14 1.0 1 1.0 3 1.0
1 1.35 3 1.5
LOAD COMB 19 WIND ULS
1 1.35 2 1.5 3 1.5
LOAD COMB 20 (S+X) + 0.3(S+Z) + NORMAL ULS
11 1.0 13 0.3 1 1.35 3 1.5
LOAD COMB 21 (S-X) + 0.3(S+Z) + NORMAL ULS
12 1.0 13 0.3 1 1.35 3 1.5
LOAD COMB 22 (S+X) + 0.3(S-Z) + NORMAL ULS
11 1.0 14 0.3 1 1.35 3 1.5
LOAD COMB 23 (S-X) + 0.3(S-Z) + NORMAL ULS
12 1.0 14 0.3 1 1.35 3 1.5
LOAD COMB 24 0.3(S+X) + (S+Z) + NORMAL ULS
11 0.3 13 1.0 1 1.35 3 1.5
LOAD COMB 25 0.3(S-X) + (S+Z) + NORMAL ULS
12 0.3 13 1.0 1 1.35 3 1.5
LOAD COMB 26 0.3(S+X) + (S-Z) + NORMAL ULS
11 0.3 14 1.0 1 1.35 3 1.5
LOAD COMB 27 0.3(S-X) + (S-Z) + NORMAL ULS
12 0.3 14 1.0 1 1.35 3 1.5
PERFORM ANALYSIS
FINISH
122
1 21 2 12.369 684.869 -0.677 -625.78 -5.546 -1128.927
BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM FOR ENVELOPE CONDITION: ULS
Taking moment at inscribed square face of the column

Moment = 768.405 tm
= 7684.1 kNm
Design of trestle beam for 3.4m width:

Torsion, Tu = 6258 kNm
Me1 = Mu + Mt
Mt = Tu (1 + D/B)
1.7
(1 + D/B) = 0.85
1.7
= 6258 x 0.85
= 5319.16 kNm
Me1 = Mu + Mt
= 13003 kNm

Clear Cover = 50 mm
Depth Required :

= 1500 - 50-16
= 1434 mm
123
2
MR = 0.1658.fck.b.d
d = Mu
0.1658 fck.b
= 13003.21 x E6
0.1658x35x3400
= 659051.1
d = 811.82 mm < 1434 mm

Hence Ok...
= 0.2/100x3400x1434
= 9751.2 mm²
x/d = 0.456
x = 0.456 d
Ast = M x 1.15
fy (d - 0.416.x)
= 13003.21 x E6 x 1.15
500 x ( 1434-(0.416 x 0.456 x 1434))
= 25738.38 mm²
Provide 32# ,36 Nos on Top of Trestle Beam
Area of 32# = 804.2 mm²
= 28952.9 mm² > 25738 mm²
Hence Ok…
CHECK FOR BOTTOM REINFORCEMENT :

Beam L/C Section Force Mton Mton MTon-m MTon-m MTon-m
5 21 0.833 4.085 -485.879 -17.355 231.567 12.369 -392.014
Moment = -392.014 tm
= 3920.1 kNm

Torsion, Tu = 2316 kNm
Me1 = Mu + Mt
Mt = Tu (1 + D/B)
1.7
(1 + D/B) = 0.85
1.7
= 2316 x 0.85
= 1968.32 kNm
Me1 = Mu + Mt
= 5888 kNm
Depth Required :

= 1500 - 50-12.5
= 1437.5 mm
124
MR = 0.1658.fck.b.d2
d = Mu
0.1658 fck.b
= 5888.46 x E6
0.1658x35x3400
= 298449.1
d = 546.30 mm < 1438 mm

Hence Ok...
= 0.2/100x3400x1437.5
= 9775 mm²
x/d = 0.456
x = 0.456 d
Ast = M x 1.15
fy (d - 0.416.x)
= 5888.46 x E6 x 1.15
500 x ( 1437.5-(0.416 x 0.456 x 1437.5))
= 11627.16 mm²
Provide 25# ,36 Nos on Bottom of Trestle Beam
Area of 25# = 490.9 mm²
= 17671.5 mm² > 11627 mm²
Hence Ok…
CHECK FOR SHEAR:
Torsion (T) = 6138.93 kNm
Breadth of section = 3400 mm
Equivalent shear due to Torsion = [ 1.6 T / b ]

= 2888.909 kN
125
Design Shear Force, Vu = 6718.565+2888.909

= 9607.474 kN
Shear stress ( ‫ح‬v) = V / bd

= 1.97 N/mm <
2
4.0 N/mm
2
Percentage of steel provided = 100 As / bd

P = 0.59 %
For P= 0.59 τc = 0.540

.
When ‫ح‬v > ‫ح‬c shear reinforcement is to be provided as follows
Spacing of stirrups (sv) = 140 mm
Effective Depth (d) = 1434.00 mm
Two legged of stirrups closed hoops enclosing corner longitudinal bars
T sv + Vu sv
Asv =
b1d1(0.87 fy) 2.5d1(0.87 fy)
6138931.23 x 140 6718564.89 x 140

= +
3244x 1434 x 435 2.5 x 1434 x 435
2
= 603.5758 mm
2
= 628.3185 > 603.576 mm
Provide Two legged of 20 mm dia stirrups @ 140 mm C/C closed stirrups
Total shear reinforcement
( τve - τc ) b sv
Asv =
0.87 fy
( 1.97 -0.54 ) 3400 x 140

=
0.87 x 500
2
= 1565.352 mm
Diameter of additional stirrups = 12 mm
Number of Shear Legs provided = 16 Nos
Total area of stirrups provided = 628.32 + 1809.56

2 2
= 2437.88 mm > 1565.352 mm
Hence Ok…
Provide 20mm dia closed stirrups + 12 mm dia 16 legged stirrups at 140 mm c/c
126
CAPACITY OF PEDESTAL BELOW BEARING :

Capacity of Pedestal with has least offset of 150mm (Bow String girder side)
As per clause 710.10 IRC: 78-2014
C = Co x √ A1 / A2 > Co
Co = The permissible direct compressive stress in concrete at the

bearing area of the base (Table 9. IRC : 21 -2000)
2
= 875 t/m
A1 = dispersed concentric area which is geomentrically similar to the
loaded area A2 and also the largest area that can be
contained in the plane of A1 (maximum width of dispersion
beyond the loaded area of face shall be limited to twice the
height).
= 0.7 x 0.9
2
= 0.63 mm
A2 = loaded area and the projection of the bases or footing beyond
the face of the bearing or column support on it shall not be less
than 150mm in any direction.
= 1 x 1.2
2
= 1.2 mm
Load on 1 bearing = 465 t (DL + SDL + LL)
C = Co x √ A1 / A2
= 875 x √(0.63 / 1.2)
= 634 t > 465 t
Hence Ok…
127
For column Design :From STAAD Analysis - SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATE

Max. Moments with corr. Loads on column (LIVE LOAD CASE 1)
Axial Moment-
Force Shear-Y Shear-Z Torsion Y Moment-Z Resultant
Beam L/C Node Mton Mton Mton MTon-m MTon-m MTon-m Moment
7 4 2 -695.432 -32.559 -16.218 4.864 -153.865 170.292 234.372
7 5 2 -688.044 -32.161 -16.594 4.84 -153.947 192.08 251.001
7 6 2 -679.615 -46.349 -11.183 5.831 -151.87 216.994 270.691
Max. Loads with corr. Moments on column (LIVE LOAD CASE 1)
Axial Moment-
7 4 8 725.896 32.559 16.218 -4.864 37.503 63.318 78.455
7 5 8 718.508 33.058 17.146 -4.84 32.906 88.76 99.505
7 9 8 741.712 18.769 21.253 -3.898 3.372 11.077 15.477
Min. Loads with corr. Moments on column (LIVE LOAD CASE 1)
Axial Moment-
8 4 9 108.269 -5.8 -2.987 -4.273 74.274 -24.194 82.388
8 5 9 109.858 -4.656 -2.076 -4.251 69.751 2.72 74.055
8 7 9 104.834 -20.921 -7.271 -4.888 105.45 -79.398 136.887
Abstract of above Table
Max.Load Min.Load Moment

Description (t) (t) (tm)
Normal condition 725.896 108.269 234.372
Wind condition 718.508 109.858 251.001
Seismic condition 741.712 104.834 270.691
Seismic combination are followed as per clause 219.4 IRC 6 : 2010

Seismic combination is applied in STAAD Pro
128
For column Design :From STAAD Analysis - ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE

Axial Moment-
Beam L/C Section Mton Mton Mton MTon-m MTon-m MTon-m Moment
7 18 2 -955.352 -44.881 -22.797 6.64 -213.464 234.732 323.919
7 19 2 -944.27 -44.284 -23.361 6.604 -213.587 267.42 348.848
7 20 2 -939.535 -58.671 -17.762 7.606 -211.469 281.434 359.635
Axial Moment-
7 18 8 996.478 44.881 22.797 -6.64 49.892 87.292 107.184
7 19 8 985.396 45.629 24.19 -6.604 42.996 125.46 139.225
7 21 8 1012.295 31.091 17.762 -7.606 84.023 35.051 98.647
Axial Moment-
8 18 9 145.03 -7.994 -3.662 -5.828 100.643 -33.336 111.848
8 19 9 147.413 -6.277 -2.295 -5.795 93.858 7.04 99.917
8 21 9 141.595 -23.114 -7.946 -6.443 131.819 -88.54 165.237

Wind condition 985.396 147.413 348.848

129
Axial Moment-
7 4 2 -665.716 -29.733 -15.619 4.981 -124.098 155.615 204.020
7 5 2 -658.328 -29.334 -15.995 4.957 -124.18 177.40 221.505
7 6 2 -649.899 -43.523 -10.584 5.947 -122.103 202.316 242.254
Axial Moment-
7 4 8 696.18 29.733 15.619 -4.981 12.033 57.718 63.940
7 5 8 688.792 30.231 16.547 -4.957 7.436 83.16 88.451
7 9 8 711.997 15.943 20.654 -4.014 -22.098 5.477 26.781
Axial Moment-
8 4 9 132.239 -5.264 -2.584 -4.429 46.334 -22.122 55.773
8 5 9 133.828 -4.12 -1.673 -4.407 41.81 4.80 46.491
8 7 9 128.804 -20.385 -6.868 -5.044 77.509 -77.326 114.529

Wind condition 688.792 133.828 221.505

130
For column Design :From STAAD Analysis - ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE

Axial Moment-
7 18 2 -910.778 -40.642 -21.899 6.814 -168.813 212.716 278.376
7 19 2 -899.70 -40.045 -22.463 6.778 -168.936 245.40 304.704
7 20 2 -894.961 -54.432 -16.864 7.781 -166.818 259.417 316.205
Axial Moment-
7 18 8 951.904 40.642 21.899 -6.814 11.686 78.891 86.566
7 19 8 940.822 41.39 23.292 -6.778 4.79 117.06 123.933
7 21 8 967.721 26.852 16.864 -7.781 45.817 26.65 60.785
Axial Moment-
8 18 9 180.985 -7.189 -3.057 -6.062 58.732 -30.229 72.117
8 19 9 183.368 -5.472 -1.691 -6.029 51.947 10.15 58.958
8 21 9 177.55 -22.31 -7.341 -6.677 89.908 -85.433 130.702

Wind condition 940.822 183.368 304.704

Comparing the Tables of Live load case 1 and Live load case 2, Live load case one gives
maximum load and moment in column. Hence it is adopted.
131
Design of Column without wind : Maximum load and corr. Moment (ULS)
The Column is designed as per "Charts for the Design of circular columns" to SP 16-2000
Materials Property
Diameter of Column, D = 1500 mm
Clear Cover = 75 mm
Effective cover (d') = 75+25/2 = 87.5 mm
d'/D = 87.5 / 1500 = 0.06 mm
Critical Load case:

Mu = 323.92 tm
Moment
Pu/fck D² = (996.478x10^4)/(35x1500²)= 0.13
Mu/fck D³ = (323.919042988975x10^7)/(35x1500³)= 0.03
P/fck = 0.01
= 0.35 %
= 6185 mm²
= π/4 x ( 1500 ²) x ( 0.8 / 100)

= 14137 mm²
Design Requirement of AST = Max( 6185 , 14137 )
= 14137 mm²
Provide, 25 # - 40 Nos = 19635 mm² > 14137 mm²

Hence Ok

2E+06
(checking the stress in column under SLS condition controls the Design, Hence 1.11% is provided)
Core dia of Pile = 1500 - 2 x 87.5 = 1325 mm
C/C of Main rods = 4162.6 / 39 - 25

= 81.73 mm > 40 mm (min)
Hence Ok
132
Design of Column without wind :Minimum load and corr. Moment (ULS)
Materials Property
Clear Cover = 75 mm
Effective cover (d') = 75+25/2= = 87.5 mm
d'/D = 87.5 / 1500 = 0.06 mm
Critical Load case:

Mu = 323.92 tm
Moment
Pu/fck D² = (145.03x10^4)/(35x1500²)= 0.02
Mu/fck D³ = (323.919042988975x10^7)/(35x1500³)= 0.03
P/fck = 0.02
= 0.7 %
= 12370 mm²
= π/4 x ( 1500 ²) x ( 0.8 / 100)

= 14137 mm²
= 14137 mm²
Provide, 25 # - 40 Nos = 19635 mm² > 14137 mm²

Hence Ok

2E+06
C/C of Main rods = 4162.6 / 39 - 25

= 81.73 mm > 40 mm (min)
Hence Ok
133
Design of Column with wind : Maximum load and corr. Moment (ULS)
Materials Property
Clear Cover = 75 mm
d'/D = 87.5 / 1500 = 0.06 mm
Critical Load case:

Mu = 348.85 tm
Moment
Pu/fck D² = (985.396x10^4)/(35x1500²)= 0.13
Mu/fck D³ = (348.847661190386x10^7)/(35x1500³)= 0.03
P/fck = 0.01
= 0.35 %
= 6185 mm²
= π/4 x ( 1500 ²) x ( 0.8 / 100)

= 14137 mm²
= 14137 mm²
Provide, 25 # - 40 Nos = 19635 mm² > 14137 mm²

Hence Ok

2E+06
C/C of Main rods = 4162.6 / 39 - 25

= 81.73 mm > 40 mm (min)
Hence Ok
134
Design of Column with wind : Minimum load and corr. Moment (ULS)
Materials Property
Clear Cover = 75 mm
d'/D = 87.5 / 1500 = 0.06 mm
Critical Load case:

Mu = 348.85 tm
Moment
Pu/fck D² = (147.413x10^4)/(35x1500²)= 0.02
Mu/fck D³ = (348.847661190386x10^7)/(35x1500³)= 0.03
P/fck = 0.02
= 0.805 %
= 14226 mm²
= π/4 x ( 1500 ²) x ( 0.8 / 100)

= 14137 mm²
= 14226 mm²
Provide, 25 # - 40 Nos = 19635 mm² > 14226 mm²

Hence Ok

2E+06
C/C of Main rods = 4162.6 / 39 - 25

= 81.73 mm > 40 mm (min)
Hence Ok
135
Design of Column with Seismic :Maximum load and corr. Moment (ULS)
Materials Property
Clear Cover = 75 mm
d'/D = 87.5 / 1500 = 0.06 mm
Critical Load case:

Mu = 359.63 tm
Moment
Pu/fck D² = (1012.295x10^4)/(35x1500²)= 0.13
Mu/fck D³ = (359.634740754217x10^7)/(35x1500³)= 0.03
P/fck = 0.01
= 0.35 %
= 6185 mm²
= π/4 x ( 1500 ²) x ( 0.8 / 100)

= 14137 mm²
= 14137 mm²
Provide, 25 # - 40 Nos = 19635 mm² > 14137 mm²

Hence Ok

2E+06
C/C of Main rods = 4162.6 / 39 - 25

= 81.73 mm > 40 mm (min)
Hence Ok
136
Design of Column with Seismic :Minimum load and corr. Moment (ULS)
Materials Property
Clear Cover = 75 mm
d'/D = 87.5 / 1500 = 0.06 mm
Critical Load case:

Mu = 359.63 tm
Moment
Pu/fck D² = (141.595x10^4)/(35x1500²)= 0.02
Mu/fck D³ = (359.634740754217x10^7)/(35x1500³)= 0.03
P/fck = 0.00
= 0%
Therefore; Asc required = π/4 x ( 1500 ²) x ( 0 / 100)
= 0 mm²
= π/4 x ( 1500 ²) x ( 0.8 / 100)

= 14137 mm²
= 14137 mm²
Provide, 25 # - 40 Nos = 19635 mm² > 14137 mm²

Hence Ok

2E+06
C/C of Main rods = 4162.6 / 39 - 25

= 81.73 mm > 40 mm (min)
Hence Ok
137
Sub-Structure Design Calculation for Proposed Br.No. 290 (Bow String Girder Super Structure and PSC Solid Slab) Between Ettumanoor and
Kottyam Stations (Nagampadam)

Serviceability Limitstate Condition: Checking the stresses on 1500 dia column
Check for Maximum load with moment on column
Normal condition : (Maximum load) SLS.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COLUMN DESIGN
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DIA. OF COLUMN = 150 cm
MOMENT = 234.37 tm
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CONCRETE 14151.57 19.21 271814 5220808.45
-do- SELF MI 12342941.53

STEEL
77.33 98.33 7604.09 747733.71
77.33 96.71 7478.33 723205.55
77.33 93.49 7229.91 675955.27
77.33 88.77 6864.94 609432.78
77.33 82.66 6392.41 528423.14
77.33 75.31 5823.96 438620.65
67.51 66.9 4516.77 302183.69
67.51 57.64 3891.41 224300.53
67.51 47.75 3223.91 153950.93
67.51 37.48 2530.7 94863.29
67.51 27.09 1828.85 49541.98
67.51 16.82 1135.64 19102.94
67.51 6.93 468.15 3246.22
67.51 -2.33 -157.21 366.06
67.51 -10.74 -725.01 7785.86
67.51 -18.09 -1221.3 22093.02
67.51 -24.2 -1633.8 39539.17
67.51 -28.92 -1952.5 56464.84
67.51 -32.13 -2169.3 69705.81
67.51 -33.76 -2279.1 76939.88
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL 15560.73 320664 22407205
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
138
Wind condition : (Maximum load) - SLS.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COLUMN DESIGN
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MOMENT = 251 tm
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CONCRETE 13485.83 19.51 263050 5130960.36
-do- SELF MI 10761093.13

STEEL
77.33 100.98 7808.74 788521.78
77.33 99.35 7682.98 763328
77.33 96.14 7434.56 714762.88
77.33 91.42 7069.59 646308.71
77.33 85.31 6597.06 562798.1
77.33 77.96 6028.61 469986.93
77.33 69.55 5378.23 374050.49
67.51 60.29 4070.08 245369.58
67.51 50.4 3402.58 171487.07
67.51 40.13 2709.37 108730.45
67.51 29.74 2007.52 59694.43
67.51 19.47 1314.31 25586.42
67.51 9.58 646.81 6196.81
67.51 0.32 21.46 6.82
67.51 -8.09 -546.35 4421.36
67.51 -15.44 -1042.6 16101.85
67.51 -21.55 -1455.2 31364.56
67.51 -26.27 -1773.8 46603.81
67.51 -29.49 -1990.7 58696.89
67.51 -31.11 -2100.5 65349.88
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL 14904.81 316313 21051420
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
139

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COLUMN DESIGN
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MOMENT = 270.69 tm
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CONCRETE 12936.02 19.15 247686 4742455.37
-do- SELF MI 9577917.2

STEEL
77.33 102.55 7930.29 813260.89
77.33 100.92 7804.53 787671.77
77.33 97.71 7556.11 738325.69
77.33 92.99 7191.14 668724.17
77.33 86.88 6718.61 583728.09
77.33 79.53 6150.16 489129.91
77.33 71.12 5499.78 391148.89
67.51 61.86 4176.19 258331.33
67.51 51.97 3508.69 182350.43
67.51 41.7 2815.48 117414.59
67.51 31.31 2113.63 66172.19
67.51 21.04 1420.43 29884.97
67.51 11.15 752.93 8396.96
67.51 1.89 127.58 241.08
67.51 -6.52 -440.23 2870.63
67.51 -13.87 -936.51 12990.97
67.51 -19.98 -1349 26956.81
67.51 -24.7 -1667.7 41194.4
67.51 -27.91 -1884.6 52605.69
67.51 -29.54 -1994.3 58913.54
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL 14354.99 303179 19650686
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
140
Check for Minimum load with moment on column

Normal condition : (Minimum Load) - SLS
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COLUMN DESIGN
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MOMENT = 234.37 tm
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CONCRETE 4458.79 167.91 748676 125710257.3
-do- SELF MI 627098.42

STEEL
77.33 282.52 21847.1 6172191.03
77.33 280.89 21721.3 6101336.84
77.33 277.68 21472.9 5962575.19
77.33 272.96 21107.9 5761609.34
77.33 266.85 20635.4 5506534.79
77.33 259.5 20067 5207331.92
77.33 251.09 19416.6 4875258.07
77.33 241.82 18700.3 4522189.6
77.33 231.94 17935.7 4159967.29
77.33 221.67 17141.7 3799796.73
77.33 211.27 16337.8 3451748.6
77.33 201.01 15543.8 3124393
77.33 191.12 14779.2 2824588.46
67.51 181.86 12277.6 2232749.8
67.51 173.45 11709.8 2031007.07
67.51 166.09 11213.5 1862499.82
67.51 159.98 10800.9 1727981.16
67.51 155.26 10482.3 1627533.54
67.51 152.05 10265.4 1560882.86
67.51 150.43 10155.6 1527674.14
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL 5936.67 1072288 200377205
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
141
Wind condition : (Minimum Load) - SLS

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COLUMN DESIGN
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MOMENT = 251 tm
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CONCRETE 4458.79 179.92 802207 144329742.7
-do- SELF MI 627098.42

STEEL
77.33 294.52 22775.5 6707918.07
77.33 292.9 22649.7 6634044.2
77.33 289.68 22401.3 6489317.56
77.33 284.97 22036.4 6279588.27
77.33 278.85 21563.8 6013167.62
77.33 271.5 20995.4 5700315.37
77.33 263.09 20345 5352624.96
77.33 253.83 19628.7 4982357.29
77.33 243.94 18864.1 4601776.62
77.33 233.68 18070.1 4222540.61
77.33 223.28 17266.2 3855189.38
77.33 213.01 16472.2 3508768.35
77.33 203.12 15707.6 3190605.51
67.51 193.86 13088.1 2537283.21
67.51 185.45 12520.3 2321906.62
67.51 178.1 12024 2141482.94
67.51 171.99 11611.5 1997058.74
67.51 167.27 11292.9 1888960.36
67.51 164.06 11076 1817102.09
67.51 162.43 10966.2 1781257.18
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL 5936.67 1143562 226980106
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
142
Seismic condition : (Minimum Load)

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COLUMN DESIGN
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MOMENT = 270.69 tm
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CONCRETE 4321.75 209.07 903569 188913382.9
-do- SELF MI 580962.06

STEEL
77.33 324.25 25074.6 8130574.17
77.33 322.63 24948.9 8049222.25
77.33 319.42 24700.5 7889723.64
77.33 314.7 24335.5 7658292.2
77.33 308.59 23863 7363773.61
77.33 301.24 23294.5 7017119.49
77.33 292.82 22644.1 6630755.59
77.33 283.56 21927.8 6217895.09
77.33 273.67 21163.3 5791851.05
77.33 263.41 20369.3 5365400.57
77.33 253.01 19565.3 4950246.36
77.33 242.74 18771.3 4556610.91
77.33 232.86 18006.8 4192984.8
67.51 223.59 15095.4 3375219.26
67.51 215.18 14527.5 3126079.18
67.51 207.83 14031.3 2916145.19
67.51 201.72 13618.7 2747190.5
67.51 197 13300.1 2620145.46
67.51 193.79 13083.2 2535390.9
67.51 192.16 12973.4 2493017.63
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL 5799.63 1288863 293121983
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Minimum reinforcement for column 0.8%
Provided reinforcement for column 1.11%
143
Section modulus Z:
No. of piles = 12
Zxx = 6 x 1.5^2 + 6 x 1.5^2 / 1.5
Zxx = 18 m³
Zyy = 4 x 2^2 + 4 x 6^2

+ 4 x 10^2 / 10
Zyy = 56 m³
Self weight of pile:
Length of pile till fixity = 5.19 m (Ref. previous calculation)

Self weight of pile = 3.142 x1²/4 x 2.5 x 5.19
= 10.19 t
Self weight of pilecap:

= 21.3 x 4.5 x 1.5
x 2.5
= 359.44 t
Result from STAAD Analysis:

Max. Loads on Col. at Top of Pile cap: ULS
With With
Column Normal Wind Seismic
8 996.478 985.396 1001.22
9 145.03 147.413 144
10 221.165 221.166 221.167
11 438.998 436.615 440.031
12 755.207 766.289 750.458
Total P 2556.88 2556.88 2556.88
Self. Wt.
of pilecap 359.44 359.44 359.44
Total 2916.32 2916.32 2916.32
144
Moments on Columns: Mxx at Top of Pile cap: ULS
With With
8 -49.892 -42.996 -163.663
9 -100.643 -93.858 -204.561
10 -107.595 -100.899 -207.501
11 -82.805 -76.198 -183.955
12 -39.383 -32.884 -144.905
Total Mxx 380.318 346.835 904.585
Moments on Columns: Myy at Top of Pile cap: ULS
With With
8 87.292 125.458 71.619
9 -33.336 7.041 -49.897
10 -43.438 -2.876 -60.064
11 -59.383 -19.005 -75.96
12 -25.328 12.838 -41.011
Total Mxx 248.777 167.218 298.551
Load Pile at Normal condition: ULS
Hence max. load on pile = (Load on column+Pile cap wt)/N + Mxx/Zxx + Myy/Zyy
+ Self Weight of Pile
= 2916.32 + 380.318 + 248.777
12 18 56
+ 10.19
= 278.79 t
Hence min. load on pile = (Load on column+Pile cap wt)/N - Mxx/Zxx - Myy/Zyy
= 2916.32 - 380.318 - 248.777
12 18 56
+ 10.19
= 227.65 t
Load on Pile at Wind condition: ULS
= 2916.32 + 346.835 + 167.218
12 18 56
+ 10.19
= 275.47 t
= 2916.32 - 346.835 - 167.218
12 18 56
+ 10.19
= 230.96 t
145
Load on Pile at Seismic condition: ULS
= 2916.32 + 904.585 + 298.551
12 18 56
+ 10.19
= 308.80 t
= 2916.32 - 904.585 - 298.551
12 18 56
+ 10.19
= 197.63 t
Max. Loads on Col. at Top of Pile cap: SLS
With With
8 725.896 718.508 721.151
9 108.269 109.858 109.3
10 163.565 163.565 163.563
11 321.686 320.098 320.654
12 551.235 558.623 555.984
Total P 1870.65 1870.65 1870.65
Self. Wt.
of pilecap 359.44 359.44 359.44
Total 2230.09 2230.09 2230.09
Moments on Columns:Mxx at Top of Pile cap: SLS
With With
8 -37.503 -32.906 -151.274
9 -74.274 -69.751 -178.192
10 -79.241 -74.777 -179.147
11 -61.156 -56.752 -162.307
12 -29.531 -25.198 -135.053
Total Mxx 281.705 259.384 508.613
Moments on Columns:Myy at Top of Pile cap
With With
8 63.318 88.762 78.99
9 -24.194 2.724 -7.633
10 -31.506 -4.465 -14.88
11 -43.085 -16.167 -26.508
12 -18.392 7.052 -2.71
Total Mxx 180.495 119.170 101.503
146
Load Pile at Normal condition: SLS
= 2230.09 + 281.705 + 180.495
12 18 56
+ 10.19
= 214.90 t
- Self Weight of Pile
= 2230.09 - 281.705 - 180.495
12 18 56
+ 10.19
= 177.16 t
Load on Pile at Wind condition: SLS
= 2230.09 + 259.384 + 119.170
12 18 56
+ 10.19
= 212.57 t
= 2230.09 - 259.384 - 119.17
12 18 56
+ 10.19
= 179.49 t
Load on Pile at Seismic condition: SLS
= 2230.09 + 508.613 + 101.503
12 18 56
+ 10.19
= 226.10 t
= 2230.09 - 508.613 - 101.503
12 18 56
+ 10.19
= 165.96 t
147
Moment on pile at Normal condition:
Longitudinal force for 3 lanes = 17.77 t

Longitudinal force per pile = 1.48 t (12 nos)
Depth of fixity = 5.19 m (previous calculation)

Depth of pile cap = 1.5 m
lever arm = 5.19/2
= 2.595 m
moment per pile = 1.48 x 2.595

= 3.84 tm (Normal) - SLS
= 5.7609 tm (Normal) - ULS
Moment on Pile at Wind load condition :
Wind load Transverse to pile cap

Wind force on = 3.482 t (as per wind load calculation)
Live load
Wind force on = 22.330 t (as per wind load calculation)
Super structure
Total wind load = 3.4815 + 22.330
= 25.812 t
Wind load perpendicular to pile cap

Wind force on trestle = 1.72 t
Wind force on Column = 2.01 t
Total wind load = 1.7200 + 2.010
= 3.730 t
Horizontal load (parallel to traffic) = 3.730 t

Horizontal load (transverse direction) = 25.812 t
Resultant = √ 3.73^2 + 25.8115^2
= 26.08 t
load per pile = 26.08 / 12
= 2.17 t
moment per pile = 2.17 x 2.595
= 9.48 tm (Wind + normal) - SLS
= 14.22 tm (Wind + normal) - ULS
Moment on pile at Seismic condition:
Seismic force to be resisted, Feq = Ah x (DL+ SDL+Trestle beam +1/3of column weight)
PSC Solid slab span = 450 t

Bow string girder span = 755 t
(DL+SDL) =(755+450) = 1205.00 t
148
Load due to trestle beam = 285 t

Self weight of column = 158 t
1.5 dia column
1/3rd of its weight = 52.67 t
Total seismic weight G = 1205+285+52.67

Total = 1542.7 t
Horizontal seismic coefficient Ah = ( Z/2 ) (sa/g) (as per seismic calculation)

( R/ I)
= 0.08
Feq = 0.08 x 1542.67

= 123.414 t
considering this seismic load is acting on top of the pile cap

the additional moment due to = 123.414 x 2.60
seismic forces
= 320.26 tm
Moment on one pile = 320.26 / 12 = 26.69 tm
= 26.690 tm + 3.84 tm
= 30.53 tm (seismic + normal) - SLS
= 32.451 tm (seismic + normal) - ULS
Abstracts of Loads & Moments for Pile :

Ultimate Limit State:
Reductio Final
Max Min Moment, n factor Moment
(t) (t) M ( tm ) ,m M ( tm )
Normal 278.8 227.6 5.76 0.81 4.666
Wind 275.5 231.0 14.22 0.81 11.519
Seismic 308.8 197.6 32.45 0.81 26.285
Serviceability Limit State:
Reductio Final
Max Min Moment, n factor Moment
(t) (t) M ( tm ) ,m M ( tm )
Normal 214.90 177.2 3.841 0.81 3.111
Wind 212.57 179.5 9.48 0.81 7.679
Seismic 226.10 166.0 30.53 0.81 24.73
149
DESIGN OF PILECAP
Pile cap size = 21.3 x 4.5 x 1.5
Max. Load on Pile = 278.79 t

= 268.60 t
Inscribed square on column = 0.707 x 1.5

= 1.061 m
Center distance of column to = 1.50 m

center distance of pile
Lever arm = 1.50 - 1.06 /2
= 0.97 m
Moment on pile cap = 268.60 x 6 x 0.97

= 1562.84 tm
Moment on Pile cap/m width = 1562.84 = 73.37 tm

21.30
= 719.78 kN.m

Clear Cover = 75 mm
150
Depth Required :

= 1500 - 75-12.5
= 1412.5 mm
2
MR = 0.1658.fck.b.d
d = Mu
0.1658 fck.b
= 719.78 x E6
0.1658x35x1000
= 124035.84
d = 352.19 mm < 1413 mm

Hence Ok...
Minimum Ast required = 0.2/100xbxd
= 0.2/100x1000x1500
= 3000 mm²
x/d = 0.456
x = 0.456 d
Ast = M x 1.15
fy (d - 0.416.x)
= 719.78 x E6 x 1.15
500 x ( 1412.5-(0.416 x 0.456 x 1412.5))
= 1446.41 mm²
Area of 25# = 490.9 mm²
= 3272.5 mm² > 3000
Hence Ok…
CHECK FOR SHEAR:
Max. shear = 6x 268.60 / 21.30

TOTAL = 75.66 t
= 756.6 kN

= 75.66x10E4/(1000x1412.5)
= 0.536 < 4.75 N/mm²
Percentage of steel provided = (100x3272.49/=x1562.83585829464)

= 0.23 %

151
Shear stress (‫ح‬v) = 0.05 N/mm² =75660/(1000*1412.5)

max‫ح‬ = 4.75 N/mm² (M35)
P (100xAst/bd) = 0.21 % 0.15 0.29
0.25 0.37
For P= 100 Ast/bd = 0.21 % ‫ح‬c = 0.338 0.21 0.338
Design S.F, Vs = Vu - ‫ح‬cbd

= 756613 - (0.338x1000x1412.5)
= 279188 N
= 279.19 KN
2
σst = 435 N/mm (0.87 x fy)
Asv =Vs S /σst.d = (279188x300) / (435x1412.5)
= 136.3 mm²
Check for punching shear on Pile cap:

Permissible punching shear stress = 0.25 x √fck
Characteristic strength of concrete fck = 35 N/mm²
= 0.25 x √35
= 1.479 N/mm²
For Pilecap
The critical section for checking shear shall be taken @ a distance of effective depth
from the face of the column.
Load on column P (Ultimate load) = 996.5 t

Diameter of column D = 1500 mm
Radius of column r = 750 mm
Effective depth of foundation de = 1500-75-25/2
= 1412.5 mm
= 2775+1650+2250+2250
= 8925.0
Taking avg. D = 8925.0 / 4
D = 2231.3 mm
Perimeter of the column resisting punching

shear around the column Pe = πxD
= π x 2231.25 mm
7009.68 mm
Punching shear stress ςv =P/ (Pe x de)
=(996.478x10^4) / (7009.68x1412.5)
= 1.006 N/mm² < 1.479 N/mm²
Hence Ok…
Hence, Provided depth of pile cap 1500mm is OK…
152
Check for punching shear on Trestle Beam:

Trestle Beam is checked for punching shear, since length of the Trestle beam at
Kottayam end has been reduced to avoid infringement of track.
Permissible punching shear stress = 0.25 x √fck

Characteristic strength of concrete fck = 35 N/mm²
= 0.25 x √35
= 1.479 N/mm²
For Trestle Beam
The critical section for checking shear shall be taken @ a distance of effective depth
from the face of the column.
Load on column P (Ultimate load) = 771.036 t (from STAAD)

(load on top of column @ kottayam end)
Diameter of column D = 1500 mm
Radius of column r = 750 mm
Effective depth of foundation de = 1500-50-32/2
= 1434.0 mm
= 2800+1650+1700+1700
= 7850.0
Taking avg. D = 7850.0 / 4
D = 1962.5 mm
Perimeter of the column resisting punching

shear around the column Pe = πxD
= π x 1962.5 mm
6165.38 mm
Punching shear stress ςv =P/ (Pe x de)
=(771.036x10^4) / (6165.38x1434)
= 0.872 N/mm² < 1.479 N/mm²
Hence Ok…
Hence, Provided depth of Trestle Beam 1500mm is OK…
153

Materials Property
Clear Cover = 75 mm
Effective cover (d') = 75+25/2 = 87.5 mm
d'/D = 87.5 / 1000 = 0.09 mm
Critical Load case:

Mu = 5.76 tm
Moment
Pu/fck D² = (278.788265376431x10^4)/(35x1000²)= 0.08
Mu/fck D³ = (5.7609x10^7)/(35x1000³)= 0.00
P/fck = 0.00
= 0%
= 0 mm²
= π/4 x ( 1000 ²) x ( 0.8 / 100)

= 6283.2 mm²
= 6283.2 mm²
Provide, 25 # - 15 Nos = 7363.1 mm² > 6283.2 mm²

Hence Ok
Percentage of Reinforcement Provided = 7363.1 x 100 = 0.94 %

785398
C/C of Main rods = 2591.8 / 14 - 25

= 160.13 mm > 40 mm (min)
Hence Ok
154
Materials Property
Clear Cover = 75 mm
d'/D = 87.5 / 1000 = 0.09 mm
Critical Load case:

Mu = 5.76 tm
Moment
Pu/fck D² = (227.645816963733x10^4)/(35x1000²)= 0.07
Mu/fck D³ = (5.7609x10^7)/(35x1000³)= 0.00
P/fck = 0.00
= 0%
= 0 mm²
= π/4 x ( 1000 ²) x ( 0.8 / 100)

= 6283.2 mm²
= 6283.2 mm²
Provide, 25 # - 15 Nos = 7363.1 mm² > 6283.2 mm²

Hence Ok

785398
C/C of Main rods = 2591.8 / 14 - 25

= 160.13 mm > 40 mm (min)
Hence Ok
155
Materials Property
Clear Cover = 75 mm
d'/D = 87.5 / 1000 = 0.09 mm
Critical Load case:

Mu = 14.22 tm
Moment
Pu/fck D² = (275.471771328812x10^4)/(35x1000²)= 0.08
Mu/fck D³ = (14.2204758227292x10^7)/(35x1000³)= 0.00
P/fck = 0.00
= 0%
= 0 mm²
= π/4 x ( 1000 ²) x ( 0.8 / 100)

= 6283.2 mm²
= 6283.2 mm²
Provide, 25 # - 15 Nos = 7363.1 mm² > 6283.2 mm²

Hence Ok

785398
C/C of Main rods = 2591.8 / 14 - 25

= 160.13 mm > 40 mm (min)
Hence Ok
156
Materials Property
Clear Cover = 75 mm
d'/D = 87.5 / 1000 = 0.09 mm
Critical Load case:

Mu = 14.22 tm
Moment
Pu/fck D² = (230.962477678018x10^4)/(35x1000²)= 0.07
Mu/fck D³ = (14.2204758227292x10^7)/(35x1000³)= 0.00
P/fck = 0.00
= 0%
= 0 mm²
= π/4 x ( 1000 ²) x ( 0.8 / 100)

= 6283.2 mm²
= 6283.2 mm²
Provide, 25 # - 15 Nos = 7363.1 mm² > 6283.2 mm²

Hence Ok

785398
C/C of Main rods = 2591.8 / 14 - 25

= 160.13 mm > 40 mm (min)
Hence Ok
157
Materials Property
Clear Cover = 75 mm
d'/D = 87.5 / 1000 = 0.09 mm
Critical Load case:

Mu = 32.45 tm
Moment
Pu/fck D² = (308.80311458278x10^4)/(35x1000²)= 0.09
Mu/fck D³ = (32.4509x10^7)/(35x1000³)= 0.01
P/fck = 0.00
= 0%
= 0 mm²
= π/4 x ( 1000 ²) x ( 0.8 / 100)

= 6283.2 mm²
= 6283.2 mm²
Provide, 25 # - 15 Nos = 7363.1 mm² > 6283.2 mm²

Hence Ok

785398
C/C of Main rods = 2591.8 / 14 - 25

= 160.13 mm > 40 mm (min)
Hence Ok
158
Materials Property
Clear Cover = 75 mm
d'/D = 87.5 / 1000 = 0.09 mm
Critical Load case:

Mu = 32.45 tm
Moment
Pu/fck D² = (197.63113442405x10^4)/(35x1000²)= 0.06
Mu/fck D³ = (32.4509x10^7)/(35x1000³)= 0.01
P/fck = 0.00
= 0%
= 0 mm²
= π/4 x ( 1000 ²) x ( 0.8 / 100)

= 6283.2 mm²
= 6283.2 mm²
Provide, 25 # - 15 Nos = 7363.1 mm² > 6283.2 mm²

Hence Ok

785398
C/C of Main rods = 2591.8 / 14 - 25

= 160.13 mm > 40 mm (min)
Hence Ok
159

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PILE DESIGN
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MOMENT = 3.111 tm
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CONCRETE 7785.33 13.4 104341.69 1398424.15
-do- SELF MI 4747766.17

STEEL
67.51 54.18 3657.56 198151.95
67.51 47.2 3186.55 150402.9
67.51 34.45 2325.96 80134.92
67.51 18.14 1224.62 22213.41
67.51 1.08 72.93 78.79
67.51 -13.77 -929.94 12809.37
67.51 -23.86 -1610.61 38423.32
67.51 -27.42 -1851.37 50769.21
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL 8325.43 110417.4 6699174
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
STRESS IN STEEL = -24.22 kg/sq. cm < 3750 kg/sq.cm

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
160
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PILE DESIGN
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MOMENT = 7.679 tm
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CONCRETE 7503.86 13.33 99996.41 1332551.09
-do- SELF MI 4176892.26

STEEL
67.51 55.76 3764.29 209885.05
67.51 48.78 3293.28 160646.76
67.51 36.03 2432.69 87657.82
67.51 19.72 1331.35 26254.1
67.51 2.66 179.66 478.12
67.51 -12.19 -823.21 10037.83
67.51 -22.28 -1503.88 33499.67
67.51 -25.84 -1744.64 45084.33
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL 8043.96 106925.95 6082987
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
STRESS IN STEEL = -1.11 kg/sq. cm < 3750 kg/sq.cm

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
161
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PILE DESIGN
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MOMENT = 24.73 tm
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CONCRETE 7115.23 13.11 93263.15 1222449.44
-do- SELF MI 3520838.95

STEEL
77.33 57.72 4463.62 257648.22
67.51 50.75 3425.93 173849.03
67.51 38 2565.35 97478.24
67.51 21.68 1464 31746.54
67.51 4.63 312.32 1444.79
67.51 -10.23 -690.56 7063.48
67.51 -20.31 -1371.22 27850.51
67.51 -23.88 -1611.98 38489.06
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL 7665.15 101820.59 5378858
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
162
Minimum load with moment for Normal condition and Wind condition satisfies permissible stresses,
Seismic condition is critical, and it is checked.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PILE DESIGN
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MOMENT = 24.73 tm
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CONCRETE 5780.22 12.46 72001.17 896881.13
-do- SELF MI 1920328.85

STEEL
77.33 64.21 4965.74 318874.71
77.33 57.24 4426.23 253350
77.33 44.49 3440.51 153072.59
67.51 28.18 1902.37 53604.93
67.51 11.12 750.69 8347.05
67.51 -3.74 -252.19 942.04
67.51 -13.82 -932.85 12889.73
67.51 -17.38 -1173.61 20401.69
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL 6349.77 85128.05 3638693
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
163

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Myladoor Consultancy Services

Structural Engineers and Architects

Client: Southern Railway, (CAO/CN/ERNAKULAM).

SUB-STRUCTURE DESIGN CALCULATION

Doc. No.: Rev-01 : 25-04-2015

Super structure Details:

Bow string Girder (40m Clear span)

2.5 1.5 37 1.5 2.5

DL of one girder = (2.73 x 2.5 x 2) + ((2.73+2.33)/2 x 1.5 x 2) + (2.33 x 37 x 1)

ii) End Cross Girder:

iii) Intermediate Cross Girder:

Area of Intermediate Cross Girder = 0.6 x 0.68

(a) Length of Intermediate Cross Girder (a) = 13.25 m

(b) Length of Intermediate Cross Girder (b) = 11.07 m

(c) Length of Intermediate Cross Girder (c) = 8.17 m

(d) Length of Intermediate Cross Girder (d) = 5.27 m

iv) Deck Slab:

Varied thickness of deck slab = (0.2 + 0.325) / 2

Area of Arch Beam at End = 1.2 x 0.5

Area of Suspenders = 0.3 x 0.4

(a) Varied length of Suspenders (a) = 7.29 m

(b) Varied length of Suspenders (b) = 6.75 m

(c) Varied length of Suspenders (c) = 5.67 m

(d) Varied length of Suspenders (d) = 4.02 m

(e) Varied length of Suspenders (e) = 1.83 m

vii) Arch Beam bracing:

Area of Suspenders = 0.5 x 0.4

(b) Varied length of Bracing Beam (b) = 14.855 m

(c) Varied length of Bracing Beam (c) = 21.886 m

(d) Varied length of Bracing Beam (d) = 23.481 m

Super Imposed Dead load Calculation:

ii) Crash barrier:

iii) Projection below footpath (Kerb):

iv) Beam below footpath:

v) Foot path slab:

vi) High raise parapet:

Total weight due to High raise parapet = 0.4x46.188x2.5

vii) RCC pedestal

Total SDL from Super structure = 87+81+7+25+26+93+4

Dead load due to PSC bow string = 1175 + 323

Unit weight of soil, γ = 1.8 t/m³

Ka = 0.75/ (1x0.97[ 1 + sqrt (0.71x0.5/0.97x1) ]²

For Abutment (A1) (As per cl: 214.1)

Lever arm, L.A. = 0.42 x h

For Abutment (A2) (As per cl: 214.1)

Lever arm, L.A. = 0.42 x h

PSC Solid slab (18.76m Clear span)

Overall length of PSC Slab = 23.488 m

Dead load Calculations:

i) PSC Solid slab:

Super Imposed Dead load Calculation:

ii) Crash barrier:

iii) Projection below footpath (Kerb):

iv) Beam below footpath:

v) Foot path slab:

vi) High raise parapet:

vii) RCC pedestal

Total SDL from Super structure = 45+42+4+13+14+47+7