New Senior Secondary Mathematics

Advanced Exercise Ch. 05: Exponential and Logarithmic Functions

ADVANCED EXERCISE CH. 05: EXPONENTIAL AND LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS

[Finish the following questions if you aim at DSE Math Level 3]

Q1 [CE Math 93 5]
x
(a) If 9 = 3 . Find x.
−3
 x − 1 
(b) Simplify and express with positive indices x   . (6 marks)
  y 2 
Q2 [Misc]
−1 −1
a b
Simplify −1 −1
.
a +b
[Finish the following questions if you aim at DSE Math Level 4]

Q3 [Misc]
Solve the equation
x x+1
(a) 3 +18 = 3 .
2
1− x x
(b) 4 =8 .
 2 x − 5 y = 3
(c)  x −3 .
 2 + 5 y −2 = 21
Q4 [CE Math 91 7]
2
Let α and β be the roots of the equation 10 x − 20 x +1 = 0 . Without solving the equation, find the values of
α β
(a) 4 ×4 ,
(b) log α + log β . (6 marks)
Q5 [CE Math 90 2]
a
(a) Simplify , expressing your answer in index form.
a
log ( a ) + log (b ) , where
2 4

(b) Simplify a, b > 0 . (5 marks)

log ( ab )
2

Q6 [CE Math 88 6]
Given that log2 = r and log3 = s , express the following in terms of r and s:
(a) log18 ,
(b) log15 . (6 marks)
Q7 [CE Math 87A 3]
2x x
Solve the equation 3 + 3 − 2 = 0 . (5 marks)
Q8 [CE Math 86A 5]
1
(a) Evaluate log 2 8 + log 2 .
16
2
(b) If 2 log10 x − log10 y = 0 , show that y = x . (6 marks)

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New Senior Secondary Mathematics
Advanced Exercise Ch. 05: Exponential and Logarithmic Functions

Q9 [CE AMath 82I 1]

x x+1
If 2 =10 , find x, giving your answer correct to 3 significant figures.. (5 marks)

[Finish the following questions if you aim at DSE Math Level 5]

Q10 [CE Math 82A 2]

4 x− y
=4
If 
 , solve for x and y. (5 marks)
 4 x + y = 16
Q11 [CE Math 81A 5]
x x+1
Solve 4 = 10 − 4 . (6 marks)
Q12 [CE Math 81B 2]
1

If x = ( a + by )
2
3
, express y in terms of a, b and x. (5 marks)
Q13 [Misc]
Simplify
log8x − log 4x
(a) .
log 4x − log 2x
b
(b) log a ab − log a .
a
Q14 [Misc]
Solve the equations
log 3 ( 2 − 3 x ) = log 9 (6 x − 19 x + 2 ) .
2
(a)

log ( x + 1) − 2 log x = 1 .
2
(b)

(c) log x 10 + log10 x = 2 .

log x : log y : log z = 1: 2 : −1
(d) 
xyz = 10
Q15 [CE AMath 82I 2]
3 3
log 4 + log 25 − log 3 9
Without using tables or calculators, simplify . (5 marks)
log 8 + log 5 − log12
Q16 [Misc]
p q r
It is given that 3 = 27 = 81 , where p, q and r are non-zero constants. Find the values of the following.
1
(a) ( p − q) ,
r
pq
(b) .
pr − qr
[Finish the following questions if you aim at DSE Math Level 5*]
Q17 [Misc]
Without using a calculator, simplify
(a) (log 2 4)(log 3 5)(log 4 6)(log 5 7)(log 6 8)(log 7 9) .
3 3
(b) ( 2 log 2 ) + (log 64 )(log 625 ) + (2 log 5 )

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New Senior Secondary Mathematics
Advanced Exercise Ch. 05: Exponential and Logarithmic Functions

Q18 [CE Math 80C 7]

Find x if log 3 ( x − 3) + log 3 ( x + 3) = 3 . (5 marks)
Q19 [CE AMath 86I 2]
The quadratic equation x 2 log a + ( x + 1) log b = 0 has non-zero equal roots, where a and b are constants.
Find b in terms of a. (5 marks)
Q20 [CE AMath 85I 6]
Find the two real values of p for which the equation log 10 ( x 2 + 2 px )  = 0 has a double root.
2
(8 marks)
 
Q21 [CE AMath 81I 2]
If log 3 2 = a and log 3 13 = b , express log 78 52 in terms of a and b. (5 marks)
Q22 [CE AMath 80II 5]
Solve the equation log 4 x − log x 16 = 1 . (6 marks)
Q23 [Misc]
If a, b and c are three consecutive positive integers, prove that 2 log b = log (ac + 1) .
Q24 [Misc]
2 2 a+b 1
If a + b = 7ab , prove that log = (log a + log b) .
3 2
Q25 [Misc]
x
11
The figure shows the graph of y =   .
5
x
5
(a) Sketch the graph of y =   on the given figure.
11
(b) Solve the following equations graphically.
x
11
(i) 3  = 21.6
 5 
x
5
(ii)   = 4.2
11
(c) Solve the following equations graphically.
x x
11  5 
(i)   −   = 4
 5  11
x x
11  5 
 − = −6
 5  11
(ii)

Q26 [Misc]
The cost ($C) of printing x posters in a printing factory can be calculated by log C = mlog x +log k , where m and k are constants. The
graph of logC against log x cuts the horizontal axis and the vertical axis at (−3, 0) and (0, 2) respectively.
(a) Find the values of m and k.
(b) Express C in terms of x.
(c) Hence, find the cost of printing 3375 posters.

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New Senior Secondary Mathematics
Advanced Exercise Ch. 05: Exponential and Logarithmic Functions

Q27 [Misc]
Suppose that d = log 4 2 + log 4 4 + log 4 8 + ⋯ + log 4 2 8 , find the value of d.
Q28 [Misc]
165
Given that R, x, y, z are integers and R > x > y > z . If R, x, y and z satisfy the equation 2 R + 2 x + 2 y + 2 z = , find the value of R.
8

[Finish the following questions if you aim at DSE Math Level 5**]
Q29 [CE AMath 81I 6]
z xy
If a, b, x, y and z are numbers greater than 1 and a x = b y = ( ab ) , show that z = . (6 marks)
x+ y
Q30 [Misc]
3 3
−
1 1
− x2 + x 2
−3
Suppose x 2 + x 2
= 3 and b = 2 −2
, find the value of b.
x + x −2
Q31 [Misc]
x y z
Prove that if 3 = 4 = 6 , then 2 xy = ( x + 2 y) z .
Q32 [Misc]
log a log b log c a b c
Prove that if = = , then a b c = 1 .
b−c c−a a −b

Answer
Q1(a) (b) Q2 Q3(a) 2 (b) or -2 (c) 7, 3 Q4(a) 16 (b) -1 Q5(a) (b) 2 Q6(a) 2 (b) 1

Q7 0 Q8(a) -1 Q9 -1.43 Q10 , Q11 Q12 Q13(a) 1 (b) 2

Q14(a) or -2 (b) (c) 10 (d) 10, 100, 0.1 Q15 Q16(a) (b) 2 Q17(a) 6 (b) 8 Q18 6 Q19 !
Q20 " 1 Q21 Q22 or 16 Q25(b)(i) 2.4 (ii) -1.8 (c)(i) 1.8 (ii) -2.0

Q26(a) # ,$ 100 (b) % 100 (c) 22500 Q27 18 Q28 4 Q30

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