1 ACTIVITY REPORT
GURU NANAK DEV ENGINEERING COLLEGE
BIDAR, KARNATAKA
The activity report submitted in partial fulfillment of the
requirement 4th semester BE course during the year 2018-19
SUBMITTED BY
Meenarvi Anupam (3GN17CV045)
Usha Reddy (3GN17CV099)
Vaishnavi Pandit (3GN17CV100)
Ms Utamma (3GN18CV427)
Vani (3GN18CV428)
Under the guidance of
PROF. VINOD KRISHNA
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
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On completion of our activity report we feel extremely delighted, but it
wasn’t a single effort. First of all, we express our gratitude to our guide,
Prof. Vinod Krishna in Civil Engineering for their constant
encouragement, guidance, timely helped and suggestion.
Our sincere thanks to our MR. B.B.KORI, H.O.D Civil Engineering
department for his encouragement and guidance given to us.
Above all we express our deep gratitude to one and all, the teaching
staff, non-teaching and friends of the Civil Engineering department of
GURU NANAK DEV ENGINEERING COLLEGE, BIDAR,
KARNATAKA.
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INDEX
Sl. No. Contents Page No.
1. Introduction 04
2. Nominal concrete 04
mix
3. Designed concrete 05
mix
4. Advantages of mix 06
design
5. Mix design for M30 07-11
grade of concrete
6. Conclusion 11
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INTRODUCTION
Concrete mix design is process of preparation of concrete with suitable
proportion of ingredients to meet the required strength and durability of
concrete structure. Every ingredient of concrete consists different
properties so; it is not an easy task to get economical and good concrete
mix. The types and advantages of concrete mix design are discussed
below.
Types of Concrete Mix Design
Concrete mix design can be done by the two ways namely
1. Nominal concrete mix
2. Designed concrete mix
1. Nominal Concrete Mix
Nominal concrete mixes are low grade concrete mixes which are used
for small and unimportant works. In this method, fine aggregate quantity
is fixed irrespective of cement and coarse aggregate proportions. Hence,
the quality of concrete mix will be varied and required strength may not
be obtained.
In Nominal mix design water-cement ratio also not specified. Grades of
concrete M20 and below are prepared by the Nominal mix design. For
higher grade designed concrete mix is preferred. The nominal mix is the
process in which all the ingredients are prescribed as per specifications
and their proportions are specified in the ratio of cement
to aggregates for the certain strength achievement. The nominal mix is
preferred for simpler, relatively unimportant and small concrete works.
In other words, the nominal mix is adopted for ordinary concrete work.
Concrete shall be called ‘Nominal mix concrete’ when it’s adopting by a
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mix like 1:1.5:3, 1:2:4, 1:3:6 etc. and so without any scientific basis,
basis on past empirical studies.
NOMINAL MIX CONCRETE
2. Designed Concrete Mix
The designed concrete mix does not contain any specified ranges in
proportions. The design is done according to the requirements of
concrete strength. So, we can achieve the desirable properties of
concrete either it is in fresh stage or in hardened stage.
The fresh concrete properties like workability, setting time and hardened
concrete properties like compressive strength, durability etc. are attained
surely by this method. Use of additives like admixtures, retarders etc.
other than basic ingredients are used to improve the properties of mix.
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DESIGN MIX CONCRET
Using design concrete mix, one can design various grades of concrete
from as low as M10 grade to higher grades such as M80, M100 can also
be prepared. The workability requirements of each mix can also meet
using this method from zero slumps to the 150 mm slump. Each mix
prepared is tested in laboratory after hardening to verify whether it meet
the requirement or not
Advantages of Concrete Mix Design
The advantages of concrete mix design are as follows
1. Required Proportions of Each ingredient
2. Quality Concrete Mix
3. Economical Concrete Mix
4. Best Use of Locally Available Material
5. Desired Properties of Mix
MIX DESIGN
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MIX DESIGN FOR M30 GRADE CONCRETE
A-1 Design Stipulations:
1. Grade of concrete (designation) : M30
2. Type of cement : OPC 43 grade
3. Minimum nominal size of aggregate : 20mm
4. Minimum cement content : 350 kg/m^3
5. Maximum water cement ratio : 0.50
6. Workability : 25-50 mm (slump)
7. Exposure condition : moderate
8. Method of concrete placing : normal
9. Degree of supervision : good
10. Maximum cement content : 450 kg/m^3
11. Chemical Admixtures : not recommended
A-2 Test data for materials
1. Cement used : OPC 43 grade
2. Specific gravity of cement : 3.15
3. Specific gravity –
a. Coarse aggregate : 2.68
b. Fine aggregate : 2.65
4. Water absorption –
a. Coarse aggregate : 0.6 %
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b. Fine aggregate : 1%
Design
Step 1: Target mean strength
F*ck = fck +1.65 s
Where
F*ck = target average compressive strength at 28 days,
fck = characteristic compressive strength at 28 days, and
s = standard deviation
From Table 1 of IS 10262-2009, Standard deviation, (s) = 4
F*ck = 30 + 1.65 X 4
F*ck = 38.25 N/mm^2
Step 2: Selection of water cement ratio
From Table 5 of IS 456-2000
For M30 concrete, maximum water- cement ratio =0.5
Based on experience, adopt water –cement ratio =0.45
Step 3: Selection of water content
From Table 2 of IS 10262-2009
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Maximum water content for 20mm aggregate =186 kg/m^3 (for 25 to 50 mm
Slump)
Increase 3% of water content for every 25 mm slump range.
To attain max of 50 mm slump range = 3% increase in water content
Estimated water content for 50 mm slump = 186 + (3/100) (186)
= 191.58 kg/m^3
Step 4: Calculation of cement content
Water cement ratio = 0.45
Cement content = 191.58/ 0.45
= 425.73 kg/m^3
From Table 5 of IS 456 -2000
Minimum Cement Content for ‘moderate’ exposure condition = 300 kg/m^3
Above calculated cement content value is 425.73 > 300 kg/m^3
Hence ok
Step 5: Volume of coarse aggregate & fine aggregate content
From Table 3 of IS 10262-2009, Volume of coarse aggregate corresponding to
20 mm size aggregate and fine aggregate (Zone I).
For w/c ratio of 0.5, the volume of coarse aggregate is per unit volume of total
Aggregate is 0.48. Therefore, in the present case w/c ratio is 0.45, the corrected
Proportion of volume of coarse aggregate for water cement ratio of
0.40= 0.60+ 0.01= 0.61
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Therefore, Volume of coarse aggregate= 0.61
Volume of fine aggregate content = 1- 0.61 = 0.39
Step 6: Mix Calculations
Mix calculations percent volume of concrete shall as follows:
(a) Volume of concrete = 1m^3
(b) Volume of cement = (Mass of cement/ Sp. Gravity of cement)*
(1/1000)
(For w/c ratio 0.45) = (425.73 / 3.15)* (1/ 1000)
= 0.135 m^3
(c) Volume of water = (Mass of water/ Sp. Gravity of water)*
(1/ 1000)
= (191.58/ 1)*(1/1000)
= 0.191m^3
(d) Volume of all in aggregates = (a-(b+c))
= 1- (0.135 + 0.191)
= 0.674 m^3
(e) Mass of coarse aggregate = (d* volume of coarse aggregate *
Sp. Gravity of coarse aggregate * 1000)
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= 0.674 * 0.61* 2.68* 1000 = 1101.85 kg
(f) Mass of fine aggregate = (d* volume of fine aggregate *
Sp. Gravity of fine aggregate* 1000)
= 0.674* 0.39* 2.65* 1000 = 696.579kg
Step 7: Mix proportions for trial number 1
Cement = 425.73 kg/m^3
Water = 191.58 kg/m^3
Fine aggregate = 696.579 kg/m^3
Coarse aggregate = 1101.85 kg/m^3
Water cement ratio = 0.45
CONCLUSION-
Normally For making concrete in nominal mix, cement is used more than the other
materials to get more strength which affects the cost of the project. It also increases
the heat of hydration and causes shrinkage cracks in concrete.
But using concrete mix design, concrete of required strength can be designed with
accurate quantity of cement. It saves the cost of the project and economical
concrete mix will be obtained and also prevents the formation shrinkage cracks by
lowering heat of hydration.
The concrete obtained through mix design contain desired properties like
workability, durability, setting time, strength, impermeability etc. The design is
processed by considering some important factors like water cement ratio, gradation
of aggregates etc.
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DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
