Adamson University Chemical Quadratic Equation
Engineering Student Society
ACADEMIC COMMITTEE (general formula)
Byaheng ChEneskwela: The Next
Journey
ENGINEERING QUALIFYING EXAM REVIEW Discriminant
ACADEMIC YEAR: 2015 – 2016
Nature of Roots
SUMMARIZED FORMULAS 0 Real and equal
>0 Real and unequal
ALGEBRA TRIGONOMETRY <0 Imaginary and unequal
ANALYTIC GEOMETRY SOLID MENSURATION
DIFFERENTIAL AND INTEGRAL CALCULUS
Sum of the roots
PHYSICS 1 AND 2 CHEMISTRY
ALGEBRA
Product of the roots
Properties of Exponents
Binomial Theorem
Coefficient of any term
rth term of binomial expansion
Properties of Radicals
Sum of the coefficients of the expression
Sum of the exponents of the expansion
Variation
; if n is odd
; if n is even x varies directly as y
x varies inversely as y
Properties of Logarithm
x varies directly as y
but inversely as z
Progression
Arithmetic:
+ (n – 1)d
n/2 ( )
n/2 (
Geometric:
*
= + (n – 1)d
TRIGONOMETRY
PLANE TRIGONOMETRY Sum to Product Formulas
Reciprocal Identities
Sine Law
Tangent and Cotangent Identities For Cases that are ASA or SSA
Cosine Law
Pythagorean Identities For cases that are SAS or SSS
Co-function Identities Law of Tangents
Mollweides’ Equation
Sum and Difference Formula
Hyperbolic Functions
Double-Angle Formulas
Power Reducing Formulas
SPHERICAL TRIGONOMETRY
For Right Spherical Triangles
Napiers Rule:
a. Sine of any angle is equal to the product of the cosine
Half-Angle Formulas of opposite angles
b. Sine of any angle is equal to the product of the
tangent of the adjacent sides
Product to Sum Formulas
For Quadrantal Spherical Triangle Slope of a line
A. When c = 90o
A’ = 180 – a
B’ = 180 – b Angle between two lines
C’= 180 – c tan
A = 180 – a’
Area of a polygon of n vertices
B = 180 – b’
C = 180 – c’
Napiers Rule:
a. Sine of any angle is equal to the product of the cosine
1 1+ 1 + 1
of opposite angles
Lines
b. Sine of any angle is equal to the product of the
General Equation Ax + Bx + C = 0
tangent of adjacent sides
Point- Slope form y- = m(x - )
For Isosceles Triangles
Slope intercept Form y= mx + b
B. When a = b or A = B
Two- Point Form y - = (x- )
Convert the Isosceles Triangle into Right Spherical
Triangle Two-Intercept Form =1
Napiers Rule: Equations of parallel lines
a. Sine of any angle is equal to the product of the cosine
of opposite angles ;
b. Sine of any angle is equal to the product of the Equations of perpendicular lines
tangent of adjacent sides
Sine Law
Cosine Law for Sides Normal form of a line
Sign of radical is the same as B or if B=0, same
as A.
Cosine Law for Angles
Perpendicular distance of a line to the origin:
Distance between 2 parallel lines
d=| |
ANALYTIC GEOMETRY Distance from a point to a line
d=
Distance between two points
d=
Midpoint formula General Equation of Conic Section
A + Bxy + C +Ey + F = 0
Circle
Point of Division formula 1 Standard equation:
General equation:
Center: C
Point of Division formula 2 Radius:
Radical Axis
Parabola ( e = 1 )
upward/downward
Angle of inclination right/left
Latus rectum = 4a
Ellipse ( e < 1 )
; Horizontal Major Axis
Trapezium
; Vertical Major Axis
Latus rectum = 2 / a
Eccentricity = c/a
Distance between directrices = 2a/e
Distance between vertices = 2a
Distance between foci = 2c
Hyperbola ( e > 1 )
; Horizontal Trasverse
Axis
Cyclic Quadrilateral
; Vertical Transverse
Axis
Latus rectum = 2 / a
Eccentricity = c/a
SOLID MENSURATION
No. of Diagonals
Quadrilateral circumscribing a Circle
Sum of Interior Angles
Square
Regular Polygon
Rectangle
Ellipse
Circle
Regular polygon circumscribing a Circle
Sector of a Circle
Regular Polygon inscribed in a Circle
Segment of a Circle
Rhombus Cube
Rectangular parallelpiped
Parallelogram or Rhomboid Prism
Lateral area of Prism
Oblique Prism
Lateral Area of Oblique Prism
Trapezoid
Truncated Prism
Oblate Spheroid
Cylinder
Lateral Area of Cylinder DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS
Algebraic Functions
Oblique Cylinder
Pyramid
Cone
Frustum of Pyramid
Frustum of Cone
Prismatoid
Sphere
Zone
Spherical Segment
Logarithmic & Exponential Functions
Spherical Sector
Spherical Pyramid
Spherical Wedge
Torus
Lateral Area of Torus
General Ellipsoid
Prolate Spheroid
Trigonometric Functions Inverse Hyperbolic Functions
Slopes of the Curve( y = f(x) )
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
Slope at any point of = y’ =
Partial Derivatives
Let F be a function of several variables say x,y,
and z. In symbols The partial
derivative of F with respect to x is denoted by
and can be found by differentiating f(x,y,z)
in terms of x and treating the variables y and
z as constants.
Rate of Change
The derivative of the function is identical to
its rate of change
= V = velocity
= = a = acceleration
Curvature and Radius of Curvature
K(Curvature) =
Ρ(Radius of Curvature) = 1/k =
Graph of a function y = f(x)
if y’ = 0 and y” is negative, the point is a
Hyperbolic Functions
maximum point ( concave downward)
if y’ = 0 and y” is positive, the point is a
minimum point ( concave upward)
a point of inflection is a point at which the
curve changes from concave upward to
concave downward and vise-versa
at point of inflection y” = 0
Steps in Solving Maxima Minima Problems
1. Identify the variable to be maximize or
minimize, say area A.
2. Express this variable in terms of other
relevant variable(s),say A = f(x,y)
3. If the function shall consist of more than one
variable, express it in terms of one variable (if
possible) using the conditions in the problem,
say A = f(x)
4. Differentiate and equate to zero, dA/dx = 0
Steps in Solving Time Rate Problems
1. Identify what are changing and what are fixed
2. Assign variables to those that are changing
and appropriate value (constant) to those Trigonometric Substitution
that are fixed When integrand contains:
3. Create an equation relating all the variables a2 – u2 , let u = a sin
and constants in step 2 a2 + u2 , let u = a tan
4. Differentiate the equation with respect to u2 – a2 , let u = a sec
time Partial Fractions:
Case I: Distinct Linear Factors
INTEGRAL CALCULUS
Integrations Formulas Case II: Repeated Linear Factors
Case III: Distinct Quadratic Factors
Case IV: Repeated Quadratic Factors
Properties of Definite Integrals
Trigonometric Functions
Wallis’ Formula
Inverse Trigonometric
Zero is considered even
Improper Integrals
Case I
Hyperbolic Functions
Case II
Case III
Convergent= the integral is defined
Standard Integration Formulas Divergent= the integral is undefined
Application of Integral Calculus
Plane Area
A= ; vertical strip
A= ; vertical strip
A=½ ; polar area
Solid of Revolutions
V=п or
Flat unbanked curve
V=п ; using Circular Disk
V = 2п or
Banked curve
V = 2п ; using Hallow
Cylindrical Shell
Force of Gravitational Attraction
Length of Arc
; G = 6.67x10-11
s= or
Work and Energy
W=F
s=
Moment of Inertia of Plane Areas =
P ; k = force constant
Work Power
W= or P=
Impulse and Momentum
W=
J = Ft
Centroids of Plane Areas J=
xc A =
yc A = Torque
Rotational Motion
PHYSICS 1
s=
Kinematics Angular Speed
Linear Speed
V=
Density
= m/v
Free Fall
Specific gravity =
Elasticity
F = kx
Stress = F/A
Strain =
Pressure
Projectile Motion
P=
X-Component:
Bouyancy
o
o
Y-Component:
o
PHYSICS 2
o
o Thermodynamics:
Thermal Expansion
R= ;
Circular Motion Sensible Heat (Temp. Change)
Q = mCp
Latent Heat (Phase Change)
Q = mL
Parallel (Resistors)
Methods of Heat Transfer
Conduction
o H=
Convection (Fluids) Electric Force
Radiation
o H = Ae ;
Electric Field
Thermodynamic Processes
E=
Isobaric (P=K)
o Q = nCp Electric Flux
o = nCv
o Electric Potential Energy
Isochoric (V=K)
o Q = nCv
Electric Potential/Voltage
o Q=
o W=0 V=
Isothermal (T=K)
o Q=W CHEMISTRY
Stoichiometry
o W = PV ln(
Consider the hypothetical reaction:
o aA + bB cC + dD
Adiabatic (Q=0) where a,b,c,d are coefficients that balance the equation
o Let x amount in moles of species A; therefore
o Mole to Mole Relationship
o
Capacitor
Mole to Mass Relationship
C = q/v
Parallel Conducting Plates
o C= ; where MW is the molecular weight
Series Circuit Let x amount in grams of species A; therefore
Mass to Mole Relationship
Mass to Mass Relationship
Parallel Circuit
Note: The above equations are also applicable for
species c and d, simply change all of the coefficients of b
Dielectrics with the species respective coefficient, the same can be
k = C/Co (Vacuum) said with the basis, that is, it is not dependent on just
C=k species A, the formulas above can be used in any
Electrodynamics combination of species, so as long that the equation is
I = q/t = C/s = nqVdA balanced.
Resistance Notations:
R= where X any chemical species (ex. N, Br, Ne, etc)
A Mass Number
R = Ro(1 + )
Mass Number = no. of protons + no. of neutrons
Ohm’s Law
Z Atomic Number
R = V/I ; V = IR
Atomic Number = no. of protons = no. of electrons
Electric Power
Percent Yield
P = W/t = IV = I2R =
Series (Resistors)
Theoretical Yield amount of product formed based
on the limiting reactant
Concentration
Variations:
Comparison of time of effusion/diffusion for two
different species:
Gas Law
Boyles Law – changes in pressure and volume
Comparison of distance covered for effusion/diffusion
at constant T
for two different species
Charles Law – changes in volume and temperature
where T is expressed in Kelvins (TC + 273.15) Real Gas Gases that deviate from ideal behavior
Gay – Lussac’s Law – changes in pressure and Van der Waals Equation
temperature
where a, b van der waals coefficients
where T is expressed in Kelvins (TC + 273.15)
Stoichiometry of Gases
Ideal Gas Law
at Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP) 0oC
PV = nRT where;
and 1 atm, 1 mole = 22.4 L
P Pressure V Volume
Collecting Gases over Water
T Temperature expressed in Kelvins
n moles R Ideal Gas Constant
where:
R Ideal Gas Constants
Total Pressure (Pressure of the Wet Gas)
Pressure of the gas (Normally computed
Combined Gas Law – relates, pressure, volume, and through the Ideal Gas Law)
temperature Pressure of H2O at that temperature (constant)
Variations of the Ideal Gas Law
For calculating mass or Molecular Weight (MW)
For calculating density,
Mole Fraction
where XA moles of species A
XT total moles (sum of individual moles of each
chemical species present)
Daltons Law of Partial Pressure – The partial pressure
of species A is equal to the mole fraction of A
The total pressure is equal to the sum of the partial
pressures
Root Mean Square Speed
Grahams Law of Diffusion and Effusion
