CHAPTER-5
OUTDOOR TYPE SEALED DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER
(UPTO&INCLUDING 100KVA)
SEALED DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMERS
1 Outdoor Type Three Phase 11 kV/433-250V Sealed Distribution Transformers upto and
including 100 kVA.
1.1 Scope:
This section covers oil-immersed, naturally cooled, three phase 50 Hz double-wound outdoor
type sealed distribution transformers of capacities 25, 50, 63 and 100 kVA for use on systems
with nominal voltages of 11 kV. Unless otherwise modified in this specification, the sealed
distribution transformers shall comply with the latest version of Indian Standard Specifications
IS : 1180 Part II and IS : 2026.
1..2 Standard ratings
The standard ratings shall be 25, 50, 63 and 100 kVA.
2.0 STANDARDS:
2.1 The materials shall conform in all respect to the relevant Indian / International Standard
Specification, with latest amendments thereof, some them are listed below:
________________________________________________________________________
Indian Standard Title International &
Internationally recognized standard
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ISS-2026/1977 Specification for Power IEC 76
Transformer
ISS-1180 Outdoor distribution
Transformer upto and
Including 100 KVA
ISS-335/1983 Specification for Oil BS148
REC Specification ASTM D-1275
39/1993 D-1473, D-1533-1934
IEC Pub 296-1969
ISS-2099-1973 Specification for High voltage
Porcelain Bushings
ISS-7421/1976 Specification for Low voltage
bushings
ISS-3347 Specification for Outdoor Bushings DIN 42531 to 33
ISS-12444 Specification for Cu Wire rods ASTM B – 49
ISS-5484 Specification for Al Wire rods ASTM B – 233
ISS-5/1961 No. 632 Specification for Colors for ready
mixed paints
ISS-6600/1972 Guide for loading of oil immersed
Transformers
Material conforming to other internationally accepted standards, which ensure equal or higher
quality than the standards mentioned above would also be acceptable. In case the Bidders who
wish to offer material conforming to the other standards, salient points of difference between the
standards adopted and the specific standards shall be clearly brought out in relevant schedule.
Four copies of such standards with authentic English Translations shall be furnished alongwith
the offer.
3.0 SERVICE CONDITIONS
The distribution transformers to be supplied against this Specification shall be suitable for
satisfactory continuous operation under the following climatic conditions as per IS:2026 (Part –
I) Latest Revision
i. Location:At various locations in the
country
ii. Max ambient air :50
temperature (Deg. C)
iii. Min ambient air :-5
temperature (Deg. C)
iv. Max average daily ambient :40
air temperature (deg. C)
v. Max. Yearly weighed average :32
ambient temperature (Deg. C)
vi. Max. Altitude above mean :1000
sea level (Meters)
4. PRINCIPAL PARAMETERS
Sl. No. Item Specification
Continuous rated 25 kVA 50 kVA 63 kVA 100 kVA
capacity
System voltage (max.) 12 kV 12 kV 12 kV 12 kV
Rated voltage HV 11 kV 11 kV 11 kV 11 kV
Rated voltage LV 433-250 V 433-250 V 433-250 V 433-250 V
Line current HV 1.31 A 2.62 3.306 A 5.25 A
Line current LV 33.33 A 66.60 84.0 A 133.0 A
Frequency 50 c/s 50 c/s 50 c/s 50 c/s
No. of phases Three Three Three Three
Connection HV Delta Delta Delta Delta
Connection LV Star (Neutral Star (Neutral Star (Neutral Star (Neutral
brought out) brought out) brought out) brought out)
5.0 No-load Voltage Ratios
The no-load voltage shall be as follows:
a. 11000/433-250 V for 25, 50, 63 and 100 kVA.
b. 10450/433-250 V for 100 kVA, only, whenever specified.
6.0 Taps
No taps are to be provided in these transformers.
7.0 Winding Connections and Vectors
7.1 The primary winding shall be connected in delta and the secondary winding in star (vector
symbols Dy 11), so as to produce a positive displacement of 30 degree from the primary to the
secondary vectors of the same phase. The neutral of the Secondary winding shall be brought out
to a separate insulated terminal.
8.0 OIL
The insulating oil shall comply with the requirements of relevant standards IS:335 / 1993 or
BS:148 or REC 39/1993. Oil shall be filled under vacuum.
9.0 Fittings
The following standard fittings shall be provided:
a. Two earthing terminals
b. Two lifting lugs
c. Rating and terminal marking plate (s)
d. Nitrogen/air filling device/pipe with welded cover capable of reuse.
e. An extended pipe connection at the top with welded cover. The pipe shall be
suitably threaded over a sufficient length so that it may be possible to provide a
refilling connection for oil after removing the welded cover.
f. Bimetallic Terminal Connectors on the HV/LV bushings.
No conservator shall be provided on these transformers.
10.0 Surface preparation and painting of tank
10.1 Steel surface shall be prepared by sand /shot blast or chemical clearing including
phosphating as per IS:3618.
10.2 Heat resistance paint (Hot oil proof) shall be provided inside the tank.
10.3 On external surface one coat of Thermo setting powder paint or two coats of zinc chromate
followed by two coats of synthetic enamel paint of dark admiral gray shade conforming to No.
632 of IS:-5 of 1961 shall be provided.
11.0 Rating and Terminal Marking Plate(s)
Each transformer shall be provided with non-detachable rating and terminal marking plates of
weather proof material, fitted in a visible position, showing the complete information as given
under clause 17 of IS: 1180(Part I)-1981.
12.0 Limits of Temperature Rise
12.1 The temperature rise shall not exceed the limits of 55 degree C (measured by resistance) for
transformer windings and 45 degree C (measured by thermometer) in top oil when tested in
accordance with IS:2026.
13.0 Loss values
13.1 The no-load and load losses shall not exceed the values given in the following table :
KVA No-load loss Load loss at
(Fixed loss ) (Watts) 75 degree C(Watts)
25 100 685
50 150 1020
63 180 1235
100 260 1760
These losses are maximum allowable and there would not be any plus tolerance.
However, the manufacturer can offer losses less than above. The offer will be evaluated as per
the loss evaluation formula given in REC, K-5 Standard – 1997 as amended upto date. Loss
capitalization factor for 2001-2002 may to taken as follow:
1. Iron loss Rs.2, 17, 515/kW
2. Copper loss Rs.28, 772/kW
14.0 Impedance: The recommended percentage impedance at 75 degree C is 4.5%, subject to a
tolerance as per IS: 2026.
15.0 Winding conductor material : Double paper covered insulated electrolytic aluminum/super
enamel copper conductor
16.0 Overfluxing
The transformer shall be suitable for overfluxing (due to combined effect of voltage and
frequency) up to 12.5 percent on any tapping without injurious heating at full load conditions.
The maximum flux density in any part of the core under such condition shall not exceed 1.9
Tesla. The supplier shall furnish necessary design data in support of this stipulation.
17. Core material:CRGO or Amorphous Metal
18.0 Constructional Features
18.1 Terminal Arrangement: The terminal arrangement shall be such that it shall be possible to
replace the external porcelain bushing without opening the cover and also without affecting the
sealing of the transformer. The arrangement shall meet the following requirements:
(i) HV bushings shall be made in two parts. The Internal bushing shall be made of epoxy
porcelain and shall have embedded brass stem. For the epoxy bushing it shall be essential to
make partial discharge test on each bushing as stipulated in IS: 2099. The outer porcelain
bushing shall conform to the requirements of IS: 3347. In the case of HV bushing, a separate
flexible inter-connecting copper lead shall be provided between the brass stems of the internal
and external porcelain bushings. The lead shall have adequate mechanical and electrical strength
and shall have brazed or soldered connection on the lower end of the upper stem.
ii. In case of LV bushing it is not necessary to make the bushings in two parts and only
normal porcelain bushings shall be used.
iii. To achieve good sealing gaskets of good quality synthetic rubber shall be used and these
should be resistant to hot transformer oil.
iv. The design of internal bushing shall be such as to provide adequate clearance creepage
distance in oil as given below:
HV LV
Phase-to-Phase 50 mm 14 mm
Phase-to-Earth 30 mm 14 mm
Creepage-to-Earth 75 mm 18 mm
(v) The terminal arrangement shall not require a separate oil chamber not connected to oil in the
main tank.
(vi) Lower end of the insulated portion of internal 11 kV bushing shall remain dipped in oil
under all operating conditions.
18.2 Tank Construction: The main tank of the transformer shall be made of good quality steel
sheet of adequate thickness, suitably stiffend, to provide sturdy and robust construction to
withstand extreme pressure conditions. The tank shall be capable of withstanding a pressure up
to +0.8 kg/cm square g and (-)0.7 kg./cm square g (gauge pressure) without any deformation.
The transformer cover shall be welded to the tank in such a manner that it shall be possible to
remove the weld and re-weld the transformer at least twice.
18.3 Tank Sealing: The space on the top of the oil shall be filled either with nitrogen or dry air as
specified by the purchaser. The nitrogen/dry air plus the oil volume inside the tanks shall be such
that even under the extreme operating conditions, the pressure generated inside the tank does not
exceed 0.4 kg/cm square g positive or negative.
19.0 Tests and Inspection
19.1 Routine Tests: All transformers shall be subjected to the following routine tests at the
manufacturers works, in accordance with IS : 2026 and IS : 1180 (Part II), or as agreed upon
between the purchaser and the manufacturer.
a. Measurement of winding resistance
b. Measurement of voltage ratio and check of voltage vector relationship.
c. Measurement of impedance voltage/short circuit impedance and load-losses.
d. Measurement of no-load losses and current.
e. Measurement of insulation resistance.
f. Induced over-voltage withstand test.
g. Separate-source voltage withstand test.
h. Air Pressure Test: The transformer tank with welded lid end with all the fittings
including bushings in position shall be tested for leakage at pressure of 0.8 kg/cm2
g above atmospheric pressure maintained inside the tank for 10 minutes. There
should be no leakage at any joint.
Note: As the above test is required to be carried out before final sealing of the transformer, the
inspecting authority will ensure to be present at the time of final sealing to witness this test. The
test cannot be demonstrated on a completed transformer.
19.2 Type Tests: In additional to the routine tests a to g indicated under routine tests, the
following type tests may be made as per details given in IS : 2026 and IS : 1180 (Part II).
a. Unbalanced Current Test: The value of unbalanced current shall not be more than
2 per cent of the full load current.
b. Impulse voltage withstand test.
c. Temperature rise test.
d. Short-circuit test.
e. Air-Pressure Test: The tank shall be fixed with a dummy cover with all fittings
including bushings in position and shall be subjected to following pressure
created inside the tank:
1. 0.8 kg/cm2 g above atmospheric pressure for 30 minutes.\
2. A vaccum corresponding to (-) 0.7 kg/cm square g for 30 minutes.
Permanent deflection of flat plate, after pressure has been released, shall not exceed the values
given below.
Length of plate upto Deflection
750 mm 5mm
751 to 1250 mm 6mm
If records of a type on a transformer which, in essential details is representative of the one being
purchased, are furnished, the purchaser may accept this as evidence of the type test instead of
actual test.
Note: Purchaser reserves the right to get all or any type test carried out on one sample per 100
unit of transformer at the cost of supplier from any recognized laboratory / government test
house.
19.3 The supplier shall furnish calculations in accordance with IS : 2026 to demonstrate the
thermal ability of the transformers to withstand short-circuit.
20.0 Inspection
20.1 All tests and inspection shall be made at the place of manufacturer unless otherwise
especially agreed upon by the manufacturer and purchaser at the time of purchase. The
manufacturer shall afford the inspector representing the purchaser all reasonable facilities,
without charge, to satisfy him that the material is being furnished in accordance with this
specification.
20.2 The purchaser has the right to have the tests carried out at his own cost by an independent
agency whenever there is a dispute regarding the quality of supply.
20.3 Mounting Arrangement
The under-base of all transformers shall be provided with two 75 x 40 mm channels 460 mm
long with holes (at a centre to centre distance of 415 mm) to make them suitable for fixing on a
platform or plinth.
