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EVAPORATOR

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11/22/2014 DR.A.M.SURENDRA KUMAR


FUNCTIONS
 EVAPORATOR is one of the component in a Refrigeration system

 in which the process of heat removal from the substance to be


cooled(refrigerated) is done.

 The Liquid refrigerant is vaporised inside the evaporator.

 While the refrigerant is changing the phase from Liquid to vapor in


the evaporator, it absorb heat from the space/ substance kept in
front of the them.

 Evaporator is kept between the Expansion valve and the


Compressor.
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 Evaporator is the most required part of the
Refrigeration system.
 The refrigerant from the Expansion valve comes into
the Evaporator below the temperature required to be
maintained in the evaporator and carries the heat
from the evaporator.
 The Evaporator is known as Cooler or Freezer.
1. HEAT TRANSFER
The heat carried away by the refrigerant from air or any other substance mainly
by convection.
 The heat transfer capacity of the Evaporator is given by

Q = U A ( Tf – Ts ) kW
where
U = Overall heat transfer coefficient
A = area of the evaporator.
Tf = temperature of the fluid /substance passing through the evaporator
Ts = Saturation temperature of the refrigerant at evaporator pressure.
( Tf – Ts ) = Temperature difference causing the flow
 Too high temp. difference causes excessive dehydration of the
products to be cooled
 Too low temp. difference ( below 80C) causes slime on products
like meat & fish

PRODUCT COOLING REFRIGERANT TEMP.


TEMP 0C TEMP. 0C DIFFERENCE 0C
1. Eggs & Butter 0 to -2 - 10 8

2. Frozen meats -20 to -15 - 30 10

3. Vegetables & +7 -5 12
Fruits
4. Milk & Cream +3 -8 11

5. Bear + 4.5 -7 11.5


2. Material:

 Good heat conducting materials must be


used for the construction.
 Choice of material depends upon the
refrigerant used in the system.
 Brass & Copper used for all refrigerants
except ammonia.
 Freons should not be used with Aluminum
3.VELOCITY

 With increase in velocity of the refrigerant, the heat


transfer coefficient also increases but increased
velocity causes greater pressure loss.

 There are recommended velocities for different


refrigerants which give high heat transfer rates with
allowable pressure loss.
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CLASSIFICATIONS
 Evaporators are manufactured in different shapes, types and
design to suit a diverse nature of cooling requirements.

 Variety of types of evaporators:-

 1. Prime surface type

 2. Finned tube/ extended surface type.

 3. Shell & tube liquid chillers

 General categories:

 1. Dry-Expansion Evaporator

 2. Flooded Evaporator
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GENERAL CATEGORIES
 1. Dry-Expansion Evaporator

 2. Flooded Evaporator

 A float valve is used for the expansion of refrigerant in the case

of flooded evaporator, where as

 A thermostatic expansion valve(for large units) or a capillary tube

(For small units).

 A distinction can also be made on the basis of flow of refrigerants.

 In dry type it is inside tubes and outside tubes in flooded

evaporators.
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D-X TYPE

 As far as D-x type evaporators are concerned, there are number


of types of the same such as the following:

 1. Direct –expansion chiller.

 2. Direct expansion cooling coil for air with forced convection

 3. Direct expansion coil for air blast freezer.

 4. Natural convection evaporator for freezers of domestic


refrigerators.

 5. Evaporator coils submerged in brine tanks for ice plants.

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FLOODED EVAPORTORS

 In flooded evaporators, the evaporator is always kept filled with


liquid refrigerant.

 In flooded type evaporator a constant refrigerant liquid is


maintained.

 A float valve is used as the throttling device which maintains a


constant level in the evaporator.

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PLATE TYPE EVAPORATOR

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FINNED EVAPORATOR COIL

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