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Microscope Parts and
Functions
Microscope
One or more lenses that makes an enlarged image of
an object.
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• Simple
• Compound
• Stereoscopic
• Electron
Simple Microscope
• Similar to a magnifying glass and has
only one lens.
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Compound Microscope
• Lets light pass through an object and
then through two or more lenses.
Stereoscopic Microscope
• Gives a three dimensional view of an
object. (Examples: insects and leaves)
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Electron Microscope
• Uses a magnetic field to bend beams of electrons instead of using
lenses to bend beams of light.
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#9 Eye Piece—The part you
look at with your eye.
Usually 10 X magnification.
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#10 Arm – Used to safely
transport microscope
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#11 Stage – Slides are
placed on this
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#12 Coarse Adjustment –
Used to make large changes
in focus. NOTE Never use this
when viewing on high power
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#13 Fine Adjustment –
Used for small adjustments
of focus
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#14 Base – Used to safely
transport the microscope
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#1 Body Tube – Reflects
light up to the viewers eye
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#2 Nose Piece– Allows for
quick change of objectives
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#3 Low Power Objective –
The first lens you use when
doing proper microscope
work. Usually 4 X
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#4 Medium Power
Objective – The second
lens you use when doing
proper microscope work.
Usually 10 X
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#5 High Power Objective – The
highest magnification used.
Usually 43 X. NEVER use the
course adjustment when using
this lens.
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#6 Stage Clips – Used to
keep the slide in place.
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#7 Diaphragm – Used to vary
the amount of light passing
through the slide. Usually it is
better if the amount of light is
low.
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#8 Light Source – Sends
light up through the
diaphragm and through the
slide for viewing
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Ocular lens
(Eyepiece)
Body Tube
Nosepiece
Arm
Objectives
Stage
Stage Clips
Coarse Adjustment
Diaphragm
Fine Adjustment
Light
Base
Always carry a microscope with one hand holding the
arm and one hand under the base.
Carrying a Microscope
A B
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What’s my power?
To calculate the power of magnification, multiply the power of the ocular lens by
the power of the objective.
What are the powers of
magnification for each of
the objectives we have on our
microscopes?
Comparing Powers of Magnification
We can see better details with higher the powers of
magnification, but we cannot see as much of the
image.
Which of these images would
be viewed at a higher power
of magnification?
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Storing The Microscope
• Return the lowest power
objective in place and
lower base
• Wrap the cord around the
base
• Turn power off
Using the microscope
• Always observe using the LOWEST POWER objective
first.
• Focus using the COARSE ADJUSTMENT KNOB to
bring the object into focus. Bring the object into sharp
focus by using the fine adjustment knob.
• Focus, and then move to a higher power objective, if
needed.
• Use only the FINE ADJUSTMENT KNOB when using
the HIGHEST (longest) POWER OBJECTIVE.
• Keep both eyes open to reduce eyestrain.
• Determine total magnification of the object by
multiplying the power of the ocular (10x) the power by
the power of the objective.
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How to make a wet-mount slide …
1 – Get a clean slide and coverslip from your teacher.
2 – Place ONE drop of water in the middle of the slide. Don’t use too much or the
water will run off the edge and make a mess!
3 – Place the edge of the cover slip on one side of the water drop.
4 - Slowly lower the cover slip on top of the drop.
Cover Lower slowly
Slip
5 – Place the slide on the stage and view it first with the red-banded objective.
Once you see the image, you can rotate the nosepiece to view the slide with the
different objectives.
You do not need to use the stage clips when
viewing wet-mount slides!
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