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Chapter

This document discusses wireless communication and mobile radio propagation. It covers three basic propagation mechanisms: reflection, diffraction, and scattering. Reflection occurs when a radio wave hits an object larger than its wavelength, such as a building. Diffraction happens when the path is obstructed by an edge. Scattering is when the medium consists of objects smaller than the wavelength. Received power is an important parameter predicted by propagation models based on these three mechanisms. The document then focuses on reflection, explaining how waves are partially reflected and transmitted at the interface between two dielectric materials, depending on the wave polarization and angle of incidence.

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Muhammad Faizan
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151 views7 pages

Chapter

This document discusses wireless communication and mobile radio propagation. It covers three basic propagation mechanisms: reflection, diffraction, and scattering. Reflection occurs when a radio wave hits an object larger than its wavelength, such as a building. Diffraction happens when the path is obstructed by an edge. Scattering is when the medium consists of objects smaller than the wavelength. Received power is an important parameter predicted by propagation models based on these three mechanisms. The document then focuses on reflection, explaining how waves are partially reflected and transmitted at the interface between two dielectric materials, depending on the wave polarization and angle of incidence.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Faizan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 03 Wireless Communication Lecture # 11

MOBILE RADIO PROPAGATION


LARGE SCALE PATH LOSS

3.3 Relating Power to Electric Field:


Consider a small linear radiator of length L, that is placed coincident with the z-axis and has
its center at the origin, as shown in Figure.

Prepared by Umair Ahmed Page 1


Department of Applied Physics
University of Karachi
Chapter 03 Wireless Communication Lecture # 11

Prepared by Umair Ahmed Page 2


Department of Applied Physics
University of Karachi
Chapter 03 Wireless Communication Lecture # 11

Prepared by Umair Ahmed Page 3


Department of Applied Physics
University of Karachi
Chapter 03 Wireless Communication Lecture # 11

Prepared by Umair Ahmed Page 4


Department of Applied Physics
University of Karachi
Chapter 03 Wireless Communication Lecture # 11

3.4 The Three Basic Propagation Mechanisms:

Basic propagation mechanisms


 Reflection
 Diffraction
 Scattering

 Reflection occurs when a propagating electromagnetic wave impinges upon an object


which has very large dimensions when compared to the wavelength, e.g., buildings,
walls.

 Diffraction occurs when the radio path between the transmitter and receiver is
obstructed by a surface that has sharp edges.

 Scattering occurs when the medium through which the wave travels consists of
objects with dimensions that are small compared to the wavelength.

 Received power (or its reciprocal, path loss) is generally the most important parameter
predicted by large-scale propagation models based on the physics of reflection, scattering
and diffraction.

3.5 Reflection:

 When a radio wave propagating in one medium impinges upon another medium having
different electrical properties, the wave is partially reflected and partially transmitted.

 If the plane wave is incident on a perfect dielectric, part of the energy is transmitted into
the second medium and part of the energy is reflected back into the first medium, and
there is no loss of energy in absorption.

 If the second medium is a perfect conductor, then all incident energy is reflected back into
the first medium without loss of energy.

 The electric field intensity of the reflected and transmitted waves may be related to the
incident wave in the medium of origin through the Fresnel reflection coefficient (Γ). The
reflection coefficient is a function of' the material properties, and generally depends on the
wave polarization, angle of incidence, and the frequency of the propagating wave.

Prepared by Umair Ahmed Page 5


Department of Applied Physics
University of Karachi
Chapter 03 Wireless Communication Lecture # 11

3-5.1 Reflection from Dielectrics:

the two distinct cases shown in Figure 3.4.

The plane of incidence is defined as the plane containing the incident, reflected, and
transmitted rays. In Figure 3.4a, the E-field polarization is parallel with the plane of
incidence (that is, the E-field has a vertical polarization, or normal component, with
respect to the reflecting surface) and in Figure 3.4b, the E-field polarization is
perpendicular to the plane of incidence (that is, the incident E-field is pointing out of
the page towards the reader, and is perpendicular to the page and parallel to the
reflecting surface).

Prepared by Umair Ahmed Page 6


Department of Applied Physics
University of Karachi
Chapter 03 Wireless Communication Lecture # 11

Prepared by Umair Ahmed Page 7


Department of Applied Physics
University of Karachi

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