A

PROJECT REPORT

ON
“A STUDY ON INVENTORY MANAGEMENT AND WORKING

IN JWR LOGISTICS”

SUBMITTED TO

SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY

IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE COURSE

BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION IN

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS

BY

GAURAV J. NAHATA

B.B.A-IB SEMESTER-VI

ROLL NO – 5138

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF THE PROJECT GUIDE

PROF. DR.SHRISHTI GANGALAY

MARATHAWADA MITRA MANDAL’S COLLEGE OF COMMERCE

PUNE 411004

YEAR 2018 -2019

1
CERTIFICATE

2
 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the work presented in this report entitled:

“THE STUDY ON INVENTORY MANAGEMENT IN JWR LOGISTICS” was carried

out by me under the supervision of Dr. Shristi Gangalay from November 2018 to January

2019. This work or any part of this work is based on original research and has not been

submitted by me to any university/ Institution for the award of any diploma or degree.

Date

Place -PUNE GAURAV.J. NAHATA

3
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my sincere thanks to the Savitribai Phule Pune University and
Marathwada Mitra Mandal College of Commerce for giving me the opportunity to prepare
and present this report.

“There is a good saying that the work is successfully completed if the person is guided
properly at the right time by the right person”, with that the good opportunities that we
receive as well as the efficient supervision and the most valuable the internal guidance.

Hereby I would like to express my deep gratitude to our ‘Prof. Dr. SHRISHTI
GANGALAY’, who in her busy schedule provided us with full support and encouragement,
her whole hearted co-operation throughout the progress and the completion of the project.

Last but not the least I would like to thank my friends for their encouragement and direct or
indirect support in completion of the project.

MR. GAURAV NAHATA

T.Y.B.B.A (IB)

INDEX

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CHAPTER NO TOPIC PAGE NO.
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 OVERVIEW OF THE STOPIC 7-9
1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY 10
1.3 SIGIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 10
1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY 10
1.5 SAMPLE DESIGN 11
1.6 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY 11

CHAPTER 2 COMPANY PROFILE 12-21

2.1 COMPANY OVERVIEW 13-15

2.2 SERVICE DETAILS 16-21

CHAPTER 3 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 22-26

3.1 REVIEW OF BOOKS 22
3.2 CONCEPTS AND TERMS 23-26

CHAPTER 4 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 27-33

4.1 CONCEPT OF RESEARCH 28
4.2 TYPES OF RESEARCH 29
4.3 METHODS OF DATA 30
4.4 RESEARCH PROCESS 33
4.5 ETHICAL CONSIDERATION 33
4.6 RESEARCH LIMITATION 33
4.7 RESEARCH GAP 33

CHAPTER 5 DATA ANALYSIS AND

INTERPRETATION 34-42

FINDINGS, SUGGESTION AND CONCLUSIONS 43-45

BIBLIOGRAPHY 46

ANNEXURE 46-48

5
CHAPTER I
Introduction

6
Title:- “A Study On Inventory Management and working in JWR LOGISTICS”

1.1 INTRODUCTION
1
OVERVIEW OF TOPIC

Logistics: - Logistics is the “process of planning, implementing, and controlling the efficient,
effective flow and storage of goods, services, and related information from point of origin to
point of consumption for the purpose of conforming to customer requirements.” Today the
complexity of production logistics can be modeled, analyzed, visualized and optimized by
plant simulation software.

Origins and definition :- The term "logistics" originates from the ancient Greek "logos"—
"ratio, word, calculation, reason, speech, oration “Logistics is considered to have originated
in the military's need to supply themselves with arms, ammunition and rations as they moved
from their base to a forward position. In ancient Greek, Roman and Byzantine empires, there
were military officers with the title ‘Logistics’’ who were responsible for financial and
supply distribution matters.

Logistics is defined as a business planning framework for the management of material,

service, information and capital flows. Logistics systems have received considerable attention
in the last 10 years as they constitute one of the cornerstones in the design and control of
production systems and the modeling of supply chains.

Whether the forwarder is acting for an importer or an exporter, the main service provided is
the movement of goods. The forwarder’s experience will enable the provision of advice on
the best routing (cheapest, quickest, safest), the best mode of transport (air, sea, road, rail),
customers requirements, packing, insurance, security issues, and the myriad of regulations
that apply in both the country of destination and the country of origin.

INVENTORY MANAGEMENT

In any business or organization all functions are interlinked and connected to each other and
are often overlapping. Some key aspects like supply chain management, logistics and
inventory from the backbone of the business delivery function. Therefore these functions are
extremely important to marketing managers as well as finance controllers.

Inventory management is a very important function that determines the health of the supply
chain as well as the impacts the financial health of the balance sheet.

Every organization constantly strives to maintain optimum inventory to be able to meet its
requirements and avoid over or under inventory that can impact the financial figures.

Inventory is always dynamic. Inventory management requires constant and careful

evaluation of external and internal factors and control through planning and review.

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https://en.m.wikipedia.org

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Most of the organizations have a separate department or job function called inventory
planners who continuously monitor, control and review inventory and interface with
production, procurement and finance departments.
2
MARKET OVERVIEW AND TREND

The global air transportation services industry has been experiencing a decline in growth rate
since 2012, while the airline market is expected to reach £137 billion by 2017.

After generated around $194 billion in 2011, the global rail freight industry will have an
annually growth rate of more than 6% until 2015, and the industry growth will increase to a

yearly rate of 8%, reaching $286 billion by 2016, predicted by Market Line. The industry
consumption volumes have remained the growth of 4% year on year.

Road freight industry is so far the leading segment in the global logistics industry,
representing over 74% of the overall industry in terms of value. The global road freight
market is expected to top £2.2 trillion in 2015, which is a 28% increase over 5 years period
since 2010. The US represents for 56% of the world road freight sector in terms of value.

The global shipping industry is expected to surpass 730 million TEUs by 2017, according to
Global Industry Analysts. Shipping containers is currently the major way of global trading,

the market performance is boosted by the increasing demand of trade, investments in port
terminal facilities, and the rising of global maritime transport networks. Over the next few
years, the global shipping sector is expected to grow mainly due to the rising demand for oil
and liquefied gas in Asian countries.

Logistic is the backbone of the economy, providing the efficient, cost effective flow of goods
on which other commercial sectors depends. The logistics industry in India is evolvingrapidly
and it is the interplay of infrastructure, technology, and new types of service providers that
will define whether the industry is able to help its customers reduce their logistics costs and
provide efficient services.

Despite weak economic sentiments, the logistics and warehousing industry continued to
witness growth largely due to growth in detail, E-commerce and manufacturing sectors. The
logistics sector is expected to grow at around 10-15% in the period 2014-2015. With this
forward looking attitude and promise of growth and improvements, the service oriented
logistics is all set to expand beyond the horizons in the latter half of this decade, utilizing this
fiscal year as its launch pad.

Global Scenario

Logistics is one of the most important basic industries for any economic growth as it isthe
management of the flow of products from the place of their origin to the place of
theirconsumption, thus the industry also involves the integration of material handling,

2
www.alliedmarketresearch.com

8
warehousing, packaging, transportation, shipping security, inventory management,
supplychain management, procurement, and customs service.

The global logistics industry mainly comprises a complex range of freight and cargo related
transportation sectors, such as shipping, warehousing, courier, and road/rail/air freight.

According the report from C and M Research, the total global logistics market reached a
value of about $4 trillion in 2013, representing an almost 10% of global GDP. The global

transportation services market is fastest growing sector with more 7% year on year growth
since 2011, now it is expected to generate revenue of 3.8% trillion in 2016. The US currently
accounts for more than a 42% of global transportation services sector.

Over the next few years the global logistics market will see the growth in demand away from
traditional Western economies to the emerging markets of China, India, other Asian
economies, the Middle East and Latin America. However the size of the US and European
logistics industries will still remain strong.

Indian Scenario

The Logistics sector in INDIA has today become an area of priority. One prime reason for the
same stems from the reason that years of high growth in the Indian economy have

resulted in a significant rise in the volume of freight traffic moved. The large volume of
traffic has provided for growth opportunities in all facets of logistics including
transportation,warehousing, freight forwarding, express cargo delivery, container services,
shipping services etc. The growth path also suggests that increase demand is being placed on
the sector toprovide the solutions required for supporting future growth. Strength of the
logistic sector is likely to be one of the key determinants of the pace of the future growth of
the economy.

The market size of the logistics sector in INDIA is estimated to be between USD 90-125
billion. Given that the Indian economy has grown to over USD 1.73 trillion, these estimates

may already be well below the actual size of the industry. Sources estimates that the industry
employees over 45 million people and is going at the rate of 15% with sub-sector growing at
even 30-40% per annum. Due to these reasons the Indian logistics sector is viewed as one of
the most attractive in the world. Recent policies by the government attract a strong growth

area for logistics in the future. Despite holding promise the logistics sector in India remains
mired in several complexities which have the potential of holding it back. These includes

significant inefficiencies in transportation, poor condition of storage infrastructure, complex

tax structure, low rate of technology adoption, and poor skills of logistics professionals.

9
1.2Objective of the Study:-

To study about the container in-out time. When containers enters the warehouse and when it
is exited.

To understand various problems in inventory management and to know a process of

inventory management.

To understand how insurance plays a role in inventory management. Insurance of cargoes

preffered by logistic company and their role

To reduce the stuffing time of cargoes and study the various type of container. Loading time
can be reduced by using various techniques and most type of containers used in logistics.

To reduce the difficulty of finding cargoes in the warehouse.

1.3Significance of Study

The study from this will enable a company to provide better services to its customer in
logistic system.

It helps company to check and maintain the right stock and reduces the risk of loss.

The study will help me know the working of inventory control in an organization.

The study will help the organization to improve the portfolio of services offered.

1.4Scope of the Study

Inventory control is important to maintaining the right balance of stock in your warehouses.

Too much inventory can trigger profit losses––whether a product expires, gets damaged, or
goes out of season.

Key to proper inventory control is a deeper understanding of customer demand for your
products.

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1.5 Sample Design :-

1.Observing the various techniques applied by the company for various

stakeholders.

2.Preparing a questionnaire and distributing it to the salesman of the company

and knowing their response.

3.Analyzing the responses received by the questionnaire method of 10

employees.

4.The study is based on secondary data as well as primary data which has been
collected from different journals, papers, annual reports and through internet
also.

5.The data is been analyzed with the help of important statistical data

1.6 Limitation of the study

1.Due to constraint of time and cost, a comprehensive study was not possible.

2.As the sample size of the study was restricted to only 10emplyees in only 1
company.

3.Same respondents faced problem in understanding questions.

4.Fear of expressing true facts among the respondents was a limitation.

5. This project is totally based on 10 employees of a company..

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 Chapter II
Company overview

12
2.1].Company overview 3

JWR Logistics Pvt. Ltd. incorporated in 2010, is spread over 96 acres of land at Padeghar on
NH – 4B. It is 11km from JNPT and 5 km from the upcoming Navi Mumbai International
Airport. In order to facilitate the trade as well as the port users JWR has created in its First
Phase a Container Freight Station specialized in handling of LCL container loads. It houses
approximately 400,000 sq ft of warehouses and has offered over 80 independent offices to its
customers who 4are shipping line agents, freight forwarders, consolidators and MNC Import
Consolidators and CHAs. It also houses a number of government agencies such as Customs,
CLRI and Drug Controller’s Office.

JWR is poised to dedicate its efforts towards further focusing into various spheres of logistics
whereby its commitment towards custom and its cargo is reach a unique position.

Jwr Logistics Private Limited is a Private incorporated on 01 September 2010. It is classified

as Non-govt company and is registered at Registrar of Companies, Mumbai. Its authorized
share capital is Rs. 1,500,000,000 and its paid up capital is Rs. 986,058,110. It is inolved in
Legal, accounting, book-keeping and auditing activities; tax consultancy; market research and
public opinion polling; business and management consultancy.

Jwr Logistics Private Limited's Annual General Meeting (AGM) was last held on 30
September 2017 and as per records from Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA), its balance
sheet was last filed on 31 March 2017.

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Jwrlogic.com

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FOUNDER MEMBERS:

Mr.LalitJobanputra

Mr.LalitJobanputra, Directors of JWC Logistics Park Pvt.Ltd is one of the founder Director,
he has an experiences of more than 3decades in the field of Logistics Service, CHA Agent,
IATA Cargo Agency as well as Airport Ground Handling services.

Mr. LalitJobanputra after completing his graduation in commerce and Masters in Business
Administration began his career with Reliance Industries Ltd as Marketing Executive and
grew to the level of All India Sales Manager.

He began his journey in the filed of logistics with the formation of JAC Air Services, which
earned him recognition from all the Airlines operating in India. He also started providing
Ground Handling Services at Delhi, Mumbai and Chennai airport terminal.

Mr. LalitJobanputra along with Mr. AS.Madhavan started M/S FLYJAC FORWARDERS in
1990 to cater to the growing requirement of Corporate Customers in the Field of Freight
Forwarders and subsequently adding Value to FLYJAC as Total Integrated Logistics
Solutions Service Provider.

MrLalitJobanputra established JWC Logistics Park at Panvel, Mumbai. This CFS is a custom
notified area; spread over 17 acres of land with warehousing facility to store Bonded as well
as non- bonded material. It has its own transport fleet to facilitate its smooth operation and
has developed the container tracking system as well as internal circuit camera to ensure a
proper surveillance and monitoring. This facility caters to the growing need of JNPT
&NhavaSheva Port.

MrLalitJobanputra is also a founder Director of Asian Heart Institute, located at BandraKurla

Complex in Mumbai. This Institute has been founded to provide a world class health care
facility and has the accreditedHospital in India, it has been accredited by "Joint Commission
International" & "NIAHO" it is ISO 9001:2000 Certified

Mr. AS.Madhavan

Mr. A.S.Madhavan, completed his graduation in Mechanical Engineering with Diploma in

Marketing has more than 3 decades of experience in Logistics Industry. Worked as a Senior
Person in Panalpina Gordon Woodroofe.

Mr. A.S.Madhavan along with Mr. Lalit.Jobanputra has been instrumental in forming the
M/S Flyjac logistics Pvt. Ltd. to Provide Freight Forwarding Services initially and
subsequently Total Integrated Logistics Solutions to Corporate Customers .FLYJAC has
presence in more than 15 Locations in India and a Network of Overseas Associates at more
than 40 Countries in the continent.

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AV.Ravikumar

Mr.AV.Ravikumar is associated with Logistics Industry for the last 1 decade prior to that he
was associated with Pharmaceutical Industry he worked as a All India Manager for Sun
Pharmaceutical Industries before his exposure with Logistics Industries

He is the CEO of M/S Flyjac logistics Pvt. Ltd. and is incharge of Business Development for
the complete Southern Zone namely
including,Chennai,Bangalore,Tirupur,Tuticorin,Cochin.At FLYJAC he is actively associated
with the initiatives of IT Developments,Systems Development,Development of Network of
Overseas Associates,Overseas Business Development and other Corporate Matters.

Export Business by Air and Sea at various stations in Southern India is his credit
development and his experience in development of Ocean business & Consol Boxes by
Ocean are of Immense help to develop Business for ICD/CFS projects

Our Mission:

•To offer cost effective World Class Integrated Logistics Solutions

•To partner with our customers in creating competitive value chains

•To create opportunities for learning, innovation and excellence

•To be responsible corporate citizen contributing towards social and national development

Strategic Partner :

•One stop shop for all the foreign trade.

•In-house custom examination and EDI facilities for custom clearance under DEEC/DEPB
schemes.

•LCL shipments and bond to bond movement of import cargo.

•Transit warehousing for import and export cargo.

•Facilities to store cargo under bond and seek partial releases, in order to phase out the
payment of customs duty according to requirement.

•Presence of the Bank to facilitate the payments of custom duties, shipping and handling
charges.

•Independent insurance cover for the cargo and containers for storage and transit facilities for
consolidation and de-consolidation of cargo to augment to the needs of the trade.

15
•Single window concept, to facilitate the documentation, billing, payment and transportation
of cargo.

•A well planned layout of container with two way easy approach at every stack to facilitate a
smooth and an efficient custom examination of FCL container

2.2 SERVICESS OFFERED

CUSTOM BONDED FACILITY

The custom bonded facility within our Cold Store provides facilities to store cargo under
bond and seek partial releases, in order to phase out the payment of customs duty according
to customers’ requirement. The JWL Transport takes care of primary movement from the
manufacturing/ processing units, local distribution in the company owned reefer vehicles.
JWL Cold Store provides end to end temperature controlled warehousing and distribution
services for Export/Import and also to domestic cargo movement.

Export Consolidation

Products and materials are consolidated into an efficient number of containers for delivery to
the final international destination. Efficient packaging uses container space effectively for
greater cost savings and improved international trade processes.

Import Deconsolidation

Containers are picked-up at terminals, moved to a warehouse where contents are unloaded,
sorted and separated by destination, PO, or SKU and processed for delivery to final
destinations, distribution centers, and stores.

Cross Docking / Transloading

Cross docking moves containers almost immediately from one transport to another and sends
them right back out. Transloading moves containers to a warehouse for content palletization
and transfer to other containers or trucks for distribution.

Warehousing

l logistics has a state of Art Warehousing system of over 50,000sqft of closed warehouse,
with a height of more than 40ft and with an open area for storage more than 1, 50,000sqft.

The ware house is equipped with all the necessary equipments like the Hydraulic elevators,
pallet pullers, forklifts, flexi racking systems to accommodate verities of cargo and pallets.

Also avails of state of the art designated bays for un-loading and loading

16
With 24X7 security monitoring, continuous availability of power generation and water
supply.

•A state of the art warehousing system.

•More than 300 000 ft. Bonded warehousing for import cargo.

•Flexi racking system to accommodate varieties of cargos and pallets.

•Hydraulics elevators, Pallet pullers and Forklifts.

•Export Bonded and Non-bonded warehouse, approx. 1, 00,000 ft. for easy receiving and
stuffing of export containers along with a Qualify Inspection Centres.

•Repacking, Shrink wrapping, Strapping and Palletizing facility.

Container Tracking:

Our information technology systems provide integrated tracking of all phases of the
transportation chain. The system seamlessly integrates information for shipments, Containers,
commercial documents, customs status, landed costs for all modes of transport. The systems
are fully electronic data interchange (EDI) capable, accepting and integrating shipment
information transmissions from ocean carriers, brokers, intermodal carriers and truckers into
a single information source.

(ICLS) Independent Container Locating System on SMS, for easy tracking of the exact
location of the containers.

Container Freight Station:

It is a State of Art, Container Freight Station, can hold 2600 Teus at any given point of time
and is well equipped with all modern infrastructure technology.

We have an automated recording system, at our Gates, whereby the images of the container,
the vehicle registration number and the weight of the container is automatically recorded at
the entry point into our CFS, which enables the shipping line to know the condition in which
the container has reached the CFS.

The containers can be located through SMS system, which help the customers to know the
exact location of their containers. The shipping line can also know the exact number of
container stored, delivered as well as destuffed, through the SMS system, which is
continuously and automatically updates.

We are also equipped with reach stackers, forklift as well as state of art warehouse.

We have an office area of 27,000 sq. ft., which is offered, to our clients. Our CFS is also
connected to National Highway whereby it enables the movement of the container from the
port smoothly.

Central office offers a wide range of facilities and convenience.

17
2.3 VALUE ADDED SERVICES
Transportation & Distribution

Stuffing & De-Stuffing

Shrink Wrapping

Bulk Breaking

Repacking & Labeling

Bar-Coding Facility

Kitting & Picking

Blast Freezing

18
CLIENTS

19
TYPES OF CONTAINERS

Dry storage container

The most commonly used shipping containers; they come in various dimensions standardized
by ISO. They are used for shipping of dry materials and come in size of 20ft, 40 ft and 10ft.

Refrigerated ISO containers

These are temperature regulated shipping containers that always have a carefully controlled
low temperature. They are exclusively used for shipment of perishable substances like fruits
and vegetables over long distances.

20
Insulated or thermal containers
These are the shipping storage containers that come with a regulated temperature control
allowing them to maintain a higher temperature.
The choice of material is so done to allow them long life without being damaged by constant
exposure to high temperature. They are most suitable for long distance transportation of
products.

Tanks
Container storage units used mostly for transportation of liquid materials, they are used by a
huge proportion of entire shipping industry. They are mostly made of strong steel or other
anti corrosive materials providing them with long life and protection to the materials.

Car carriers
Car carriers are container storage units made especially for shipment of cars over long
distances. They come with collapsible sides that help a car fit snugly inside the containers
without the risk of being damaged or moving from the spot.

21
 CHAPTER 3

Literature Review
The concepts and terms are taken by various books of logistics and inventory management
and also some websites .

www.logisticsbureau.com

www.scribd.net.

Logistical Management –The Integrated Supply Chain Process ,Author-Bowersox Closs.

World Class Supply Chain Management, Author Burt Dobler Starling, Published By Tata Mc
Graw Hill.

LOGISTIC AND SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT, Author K.Shridhara Bhat,Publsihed

By Himalaya Publishing House

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3.1CONCEPTS

In today’s world every business tries to strike a balance in inventory between what is needed
and what is demanded, considering the major factor of cost cutting/reduction. This control is
called Inventory management or inventory control. Inventory is basically assets (goods and
materials) which are stock of any business.

Inventory management focus on the capacity of the inventory, the place in which it is located
so that one can use it when needed, the supply chain management of the raw materials and
goods. Inventory management deals with the demand forecasting, asset management of the
raw materials and goods, inventory carry cost, forecast, pricing of goods, validation of goods,
to forecast the demand of future. This helps the top level manger to understand and
coordinate with the supply chain management or production management, and quality
management.
5
TERMS AND CONCEPTS

Logistics Definition:
Logistics management is the process of planning, implementing, and controlling the efficient,
effective flow and storage of goods, services, and related information from point of origin to
point of consumption for the purpose of conforming to customer requirements.

Scope and importance of logistics:

The scope of logistics management is very wide. It is not confined to manufacturing

operations alone.

It is pervasive in all types or organizations whether government or private, wholesalers or

retailers.

Inbound logistics;which is concerned with the smooth and cost effective inflow of
materials and other inputs (that are needed in the manufacturing process) from suppliers to
the plant. For proper management of inbound logistics, the management has to maintain a
continuous interface with suppliers (vendors).

Outbound logistics(also called physical distribution management or supply chain

management); is concerned with the flow of finished goods and other related information
from the firm to the customer. For proper management of outbound logistics, the
management has to maintain a continuous interface with transport operators and channels of
distribution.

5
www.scribd.com

23
A container port or container terminal is a facility where cargo containers are transshipped
between different transport vehicles, for onward transportation.

A warehouse is a building for storing goods.[1][2] Warehouses are used by manufacturers,

importers, exporters, wholesalers, transport businesses, customs, etc. They are usually large
plain buildings in industrial parks on the outskirts of cities, towns or villages.

Order processing
The Logistics activities start from the order processing which might be the work of the
commercial department in an organization. The commercial department is the one who
ensures that the payment terms and the delivery terms have been met and then processes the
order from within the company

Batch picking
The technique of transporting inventory which are grouped into small batches at one go is
known as batch picking.

Reverse Logistics
Reverse Logistics is the collection of all processes that come into play for goods that move in
the reverse directions which means transportation of goods customer to the business.

CFS
A CFS (container freight station) is a warehouse that specializes in the consolidation and
deconsolidation of cargo.

LCL
LCL (less than container load) is a mode of shipping via ocean. If you don’t have enough
cargo to fill up an entire container, consider shipping LCL. An LCL shipment will be
consolidated with other LCL shipments into one container.

Consolidation
Consolidation is the act of combining two or more shipments in a truck or container.

FCL
FCL (full container load) is an ocean shipment in which the cargo occupies a full container
(of any size).
6
Container

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24
Steel or aluminum frame forming a box in which cargo can be stowed meeting International
Standard Organization (ISO)-specified measurements,fitted with special castings on the
corners for securing to lifting equipment, vessels, chassis, rail cars, or stacking on other
containers.

Containers come in many forms and types, including: ventilated, insulated, refrigerated, flat
rack, vehicle rack, open top, bulk liquid, dry bulk, or other special configurations. Typical
containers may be 10 feet, 20 feet, 30 feet, 40 feet, 45 feet, 48 feet, or 53 feet in length, 8 feet
or 8.5 feet in width, and 8.5 feet or 9.5 feet in height.

Forty-foot equivalent unit (FEU)

Unit of measurement equivalent to one forty-foot container. Two twenty-foot containers
(TEUs) equal one FEU.

Freight forwarder
Person or company who arranges for the car-riage of goods and associated formalities on
behalf of a shipper. The duties of a forwarder include booking space on a ship, providing all
the necessary documentation, and arranging customs clearance.

TRANSIT INVENTORY: Inventories many times have to be transported from one

location to the other as they pass through the levels of manufacturing. These inventories are
called transit or pipeline inventories as they are in transit from a location to another.
Automobile manufactures make use of freight consolidators to pool in their inventories.

BUFFER INVENTORY: Inventories are sometimes used to counter attack the

uncertainties of demand and supply. They could also be used to take care of unforeseen
situations like poor transportation, poor quality etc. Buffer inventory or safety stock is the
amount of stock which is in excess compared to the current demand of goods. The more
safety stock a firm has very small is its probability of running into a stock out situation.

Packing: Packing entails placing numerous small boxes containing different lines at the
interior of an external box to protect them during the subsequent manipulation. Packing is the
first link of the transportation chain and is often a key factor for success.

Pick/Pack: Picking of product from inventory and packing into shipment containers.
Pick/Pack service entails breaking a pallet of cases and shipping individual cases to fulfill
individual orders. This can also entail picking individual items (packs or inner packs) from
cases for orders and build new cartons, packs, or pallets to meet customer requirements.

Repacking:Refers to activities to repack and resize a product on behalf of a customer to

achieve more efficient consolidation, storing, shipping and potentially re-branding, with the
goal of improving quality and reducing costs.

Packaging and Labeling:

25
Packaging and labeling are an important aspect of logistics management. Packaging implies
enclosing or encasing a product into suitable packets or containers, for easy and convenient
handling of the product by both, the seller and specially the buyer.

Packaging facilities the sale of a product. It acts as a silent salesman. For example, a fancy
and decorative packaging of sweets, biscuits etc. on the eve of Diwali, makes for a good sale
of such items.

Labelling means putting identification marks on the package of the product. A label provides
information about – date of packing and expiry, weight or size of product, ingredients used in
the manufacture of the product, instructions for sale handling of the product, price payable by
the buyer etc. Labeling is a strong sales promotion tool. The consumer who is persuaded to
read the label may, in fact, try to buy the product; even though he/she had no such
premeditation (advance idea).

.WTS or Warehouse Tracking System is a software application which is

specifically designed for the warehouse industry. It uses the system of barcode labels which
allows you to track product movement, audits and shipments easily. It enables you to
identify each piece of stock by a unique serial number.

Freight transport is the physical process of transportingcommodities and merchandise

goods and cargo.

Destuffing. The unloading of cargo from a container.

ABC analysis
It is a method of analysis that divides the subject up into three categories: A, B and C.
Category A represents the most valuable products or customers that you have. These are the
products that contribute heavily to your overall profit without eating up too much of your
resources.

Material handlinginvolves short-distance movement within the confines of a building or

between a building and a transportation vehicle. Material handling can be used to create time
and place utility through the handling, storage, and control of material, as distinct
frommanufacturing, which creates form utility by changing the shape, form, and makeup of
material.

26
 CHAPTER 4
RESEARCH METHODLOGY

27
Introduction

As it is indicated in the title, this chapter includes the research methodology of the
dissertation. In more details, in this part outlines the research strategy, the research method,
the research approach, the methods of data collection, the selection of the sample, the
research process, the type of data analysis, the ethical considerations and the research
limitations of the project.

4.17CONCEPT OF RESEARCH

Research means finding answers to questions. It is a systematic search of truth. Through

research new and original information is obtained. To get them researcher has to think
logically, combine theories and ideas and use their creativity. This is done but following set
rules and procedures and by repeating steps so all that the results obtained are reliable and
valid. Thus research starts off with the problem, collection of data or facets, analyzing them
critically and reaches decision based on actual evidence.

Definitions of Research:

“Research is a careful, patient, systematic, diligent enquiry or examination in some field of

knowledge undertaken to establish facts or principals.” – Webster’s Twentieth Century
Dictionary.

Research Methodology

Definition

“It is the pathway or an approach to get the needed information by locating the data from
different sources which are primary and secondary.”

4.2 Types of Research :

Based on the nature of study and its implications research is classified into different types.
Many researchers classify research into various categories based on various angles of
comprehension

7
www.busniessdictionary.com

28
 Applied research Qualitative Research Descreptive research

Quanititaive research Experimental reserach

Applied Research:

It is carried out to find solutions to a real life problem that needs immediate action or policy
decision. It is problem-oriented and action-directed which seeks immediate and practical
results.For example, any market research activity.

Qualitative Research :

It refers to a study based on qualitative data in order to get insights into problems
and their solutions. These involves direct observation of behaviour or going through
transcripts or undertaking unstructured interviews and subsequently analyzingthem. For
example, interviewing ten CEOs for their crisis management systems and then analyzing
the contents of the same.

Quantitative Research:

It refers to a study based on quantitative data in order to get an insight into problems and their
solutions. This research study measures variables using numeric scales and helps in
precise measurement of data, for knowing trends for comparison study.

Experimental Research:

A research is conducted by comparing controlled experimental groups and controlling

one or more variable. While the consequence of one variable is observed the others are

29
assumed constant. Some of these are before and after studies and with or without
control groups, Completely Randomised Design(CRD), Randomised Block Design (RBD),
Latin Square Design (LSD), and factorial designs,etc.

Survey Method:

This is one of the most frequently used methods of gathering information I applied
social research. This process, through interviews, telephone or mail survey with a view to
analyze a given social dilemma and thereafter present the solutions in the form of
recommendations, involves a systematic and comprehensive study of particular
community, organisation, group, etc.It is considered to be one of the most cost-
effective technique. It encompasses measurement procedures that involve asking
questions to respondents. Surveys like questionnaire or statistical surveys are used to
gather data about people, their thoughts and behavior.

Descriptive Research:

Descriptive research includes facts finding investigation and surveys of various kinds.
Descriptive research or statistical search provides the data about the population being
studied. The main intention is to depict the things in their present form. It describes the
“who,what,when,where and how” of a situation and not what caused it. Hence,
descriptive research or statistical research is used when the aim is to provide a systematic
description that is as factual and accurate as possible. Often the ex post facto research is used
for descriptive research studies in social science and business studies. Examples: studies
on frequency of shopping, preferences of people, etc.

4.3METHODS OF DATA

Primary Data

Primary data is the data which the researcher collects for himself, for the first time which is
original in nature. It is also known as basic or fresh data. It is obtained through observation or
direct communication or by performing surveys or descriptive research. It is the data a
researcher collects to address the specific problem at hand.

30
 Quesstionnaire

Primary Data

Interview 5- point Scale

Questionnaire or Schedule:Questionnaire is the method commonly used for data

collection in all branches of social sciences.

“Questionnaire refers to a device for securing answers to question by using a form which the
respondent fills himself.”- Good and Hatt

However there is a minor difference between questionnaire and schedule. Questionnaire is

filled up by the respondent himself without any assistance from the interviewer whereas in
schedule the interviewer records the respondent’s answers.

Interview Method: Interview means ‘conversation with a purpose’ or ‘a process of social

interaction’. It is a face to face dialogue of the researcher with the respondent. Interview
method is useful for obtaining in depth information and knowledge on qualitative variables.

Secondary Data

Secondary data is the data collected processed and published by someone else either for his
personal use or for public use. This data is not originally collected by the researcher but
obtained from published or unpublished sources.

31
 Books

Secondary
Data

Magazines Internet

Method of Data Collection:

Primary Data:The major tool used was interview with managers and staff of the branch
office, questionnaire was developed focusing various aspect.10 questions were asked in that 3
open ended and 7 close ended questions were stated.

Secondary Data:Books of Logistics Management for literature reference, Internet Web

Portals, Websites of firm, Company Brochures.

Statistical Tools:

 Percentage Analysis- It is a method to represent raw streams of data as a percentage.

 Bar Diagrams- It is used to compare data among categories.

 Pie Charts- A pie chart is circular statistical graphic, which is divided into slices to
illustrate numerical proportion.

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4.4 RESEARCH PROCESS

Interview were held with the manager of the JWR , so as to gain acceptance of their
participation in the research. More specifically, I came in touch with and asked them to
participate in the research after explaining the nature and the scope of the study. In general terms
the respondents were willing to participate in the research and the interviews.. The discussions
took place at the offices of the executives and lasted approximately 20 to 25 minutes. During the
interviews were mainly kept notes, in order to to analyze the gathered data.

During the conduction of the interview, respondents were free to express their views even in
topics which were not included in the discussed areas .Finally, it should be noted that the
conversations flowed smoothly and pleasantly.

4.5 Ethical considerations

The current study was subject to certain ethical issues.Next to this, participants were fully
informed regarding the objectives of the study, while they were reassured that their answers were
treated as confidential and used only for academic purposes and only for the purposes of the
particular research. Except from the above, participants were not harmed or abused, both
physically and psychologically, during the conduction of the research. In contrast, the researcher
attempted to create and maintain a climate of comfort.

4.6 Research Limitations

The size of the sample was relatively small - 10questionnaire i.e. 7 close-ended and 3 open-
ended questions were formed . A bigger sample would probably enhance the reliability of the
research

Qualitative research is not allowing the measurement of the examined problem

.
In some cases participants may refused to speak against their organizations

4.7ResearchGap

Most of the researches are done on 3PL and many researchers have done project on technology
used in supply chain. Many researchers mainly focsedon the usage of reverse logistics system in
the supply chain management.

33
 CHAPTER 5

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

34
1]. How much inward of inventory takes place in a day?

No of Respondent 2-5 Ton 5-10 Ton More than 10 ton

10 2 3 5

0
2-5 tonn 5-10 tonn >10 TONN

INTERPRETATION –It is observed that 5 people says that 10 tones of inventory takes
place in a day and 3 people said that 5-10 tones of inventory takes place in a day whereas 2
people said that only 2 tones of inventory takes place in a day.

35
2].What problem do you face
ace in inventory management?

NO OF DAMAGE TRANSPORTATION STORAGE

RESPONDENT PROBLEM PROBLEM PROBLEM
10 1 2 7
100% 10% 20% 70%

4
NO OF
3 RESPONDENT2

Interpretation:

From the above graph it can be seen that 70% problem is to store containers.20% people says
that transportation is an issue and rest says that damage is a problem.

36
3]. Do you insure every inventory? If YES ,state which policy do you prefer?

According to manager, insurance depends on type of goods.Policies are available to protect

goods while in transit on the ship but damage can occur while ship is in port, while the goods are
transit to the warehouse or while at warehouse itself. This type of cargo insurance is called All
Risks Coverage.

4].Are all the employeesinsured working in inventory department?

YES. Every employee is insured in the warehouse department. Material handling involve risk so
if anything happen to employee then it can be compensated.

5]. Do you insure goods from fire as well as theft.

Yes. The goods that are stored in warehouses are insured by their owner only.

37
6]. Which type of inventory is easy to handle and store?

PERISHABLE NON-PERISHABLE
YES 7 8
NO 3 2
TOTAL 10 10

9
8
7
6 PERISHABLE
5 NON PERISHABLE
4
3
2
1
0
YES NO

Interpretation: It is seen that non perishable goods are easy to handle as compared to perishable
products.

38
7].Do
Do you find difficulty in finding the cargo in warehouse?

Difficulty for finding cargo No. of responders Percentage of responders

Yes 7 70%

No 3 30%
Total 10 100%”

DIFFICULTY IN FINDING CARGO

YES
NO

Interpretation

From the above table 70% of responders says the difficulty occurred in warehouse during finding
the cargos and 30% says there is no difficulty in finding the cargo in the warehouse

39
Delay time

8].How
How much time the cargo is waiting for de stuffing to want of space in ware house?

No of Respondent Less th
than 4 hours 4-8 hours More than 8 hours
10 1 3 6

NO OF RESPONDENT

4
2
0 NO OF RESPONDENT
NO OF RESPONDENT
<4 4-8
HOURS HOURS >8
HOURS

Interpretation

From the above table 60% of responders says the delay time occurred in 44-8
8 hrs ,30%of
responders say that <4 hours and 10% says >8 hours’ delay is occurred in.

40
9]. Turnaround time for de stuffing
The table shows the turnaround time for de stuffing

Turn around Time No. of respondents Percentage of respondents

- -
20-25 mins 1 5%
30-40 mins 5 25%
Above 40 mins 14 75%
Total 20 100%

NO OF RESPONDENT

15-20 MIN
20-25 MIN
30-40 MIN
ABOVE 40 MIN

Interpretation

From the above table 70% of responders say above 40 minutes of time is taken for de stuffing the
cargos, 25% of responders say 30 – 40 minutes of time is taken for de stuffing the cargos and 5%
of responders says 20 – 25 minutes of time is taken for de stuffing the cargo.

41
10]. Difficulties in warehouse
house

The table shows delay is occurring when de stuffing the cargo

Delay occurring No. of responders Percentage of responders

Yes 8 80%

No 2 20%

Total 10 100%

NO OF RESPONDENT

10

5
NO OF RESPONDENT

0 NO OF RESPONDENT
YES NO

Interpretation

From the above table 80% of responders says delay is occurring in JWR when the new cargo is
arrived. That time there is no space is available in warehouse for de stuffing the cargo.

42
Findings,Suggestions and Conclusions

43
FINDINGS

 More than 10 ton of goodsload and unload in 1 day

 It is found that JWR has a problem of storage
 Non perishable products are easy to handle.
 JWR prefers All Cargo insurance and good are insured by the owner only
 Every employee is insured in inventory department as it involves risk.
 People also find difficulty in finding cargoes in warehouse.
 People also spoke about delay time that takes place while unloading or loading activities.
 30-40 minutes are required for destuffing the cargo.

SUGGESTIONS

1. They should own more space for effective loading and unloading. Warehouse tracking system
should be teached to all employees.

2. They should capture more foreign countries by providing better services and at better cost.

3. Proper placement of cargo is must so that it can be found easily. Containers should be labeled
according to their in time. Proper entry should be made.

4. Service for perishable goods should be done properly. Delay time should be reduced.

5. Berths must be repaired.

6. Blocks should be made available at terminals.

44
CONCLUSIONS
1.Operations with other logistical providers need to be enhanced further for
operational effectiveness, more focus should be given to customer delight and cost
effectiveness.

2.Quality of service can be further enhanced to increase customer delight.

3.Insurance plays a more important role in logistic industry. All risks coverage should be
preferred as it covers all risk.

4. Container in and out time should be maintained. Proper entry should be registered.

5. Loading time of cargoes of 40 feet container should be done fast by using technologies .
Cargoes should be kept properly so that it can be found easily.

45
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
I have referred these websites and books to get the information about inventory management

www.jwrlogic.com
www.scribd.com
www.slideshare.net
Logistical management by Bowersox Closs
logisticbureau.com

Logistical Management – Tata McGraw 2000 Edition.

Written by Donald. Bowersox, and David. Closs.

The Management of Business Logistics – 7th Edition:

Written by Edward J. Bardi, C.John Langley, and John Joseph Coyle

46
 QUESTIONAIRE

1]. How much inventory takes place in a day?

2-5 ton
5-10 ton
More than 10 Ton

2].What problem do you face in inventory management?

Transportation problem
Damage problem
Storage problem

3].Which type of inventory is easy to handle and store?

Perishable
Non perishable

4].Do you find difficulty in finding the cargo in warehouse?

YES
NO

Delay time

5].How much time the cargo is waiting for de stuffing to want of space in ware house?

<4 hours
4-8 hours
>8 hours

6].Turnaround time for de stuffing

15-20 mins
20-25 mins
30-40 mins
Above 40 mins

47
7].Difficulties in ware house

YES
NO

OPEN ENDED QUESTIONS

1]. Do you insure every inventory? If YES,state which policy do you prefer?

2].Are all the employees insured working in inventory department?

3].Do you insure goods from fire as well as theft.

48