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Communication Systems: Modulation & Its Types

This document discusses modulation and its types. It begins by introducing frequency translation and the reasons for modulation, including efficient transmission, reducing noise and interference, frequency assignment, multiplexing, and overcoming hardware limitations. It then defines modulation as changing properties of an analog carrier in proportion to an information signal. Demodulation is defined as recovering the message signal at the receiver. The document proceeds to describe various modulation types including amplitude modulation, frequency modulation, pulse modulation, and digital modulation techniques such as quadrature amplitude modulation. It concludes with an overview of different modulation techniques.

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Mubashir Ghaffar
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54 views32 pages

Communication Systems: Modulation & Its Types

This document discusses modulation and its types. It begins by introducing frequency translation and the reasons for modulation, including efficient transmission, reducing noise and interference, frequency assignment, multiplexing, and overcoming hardware limitations. It then defines modulation as changing properties of an analog carrier in proportion to an information signal. Demodulation is defined as recovering the message signal at the receiver. The document proceeds to describe various modulation types including amplitude modulation, frequency modulation, pulse modulation, and digital modulation techniques such as quadrature amplitude modulation. It concludes with an overview of different modulation techniques.

Uploaded by

Mubashir Ghaffar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Communication

Systems

Modulation &
Its Types
By
Engr. Jawwad Ahmad (Ph.D)

1
Today’s Goal
 Frequency Translation

 Reasons for Modulation

 Modulation

 Demodulation

Engr. Dr. Jawwad Ahmad 2


EM Spectrum with Media, Medium & Applications

Engr. Dr. Jawwad Ahmad 3


FREQUENCY MODULATION
 FREQUENCY TRANSLATION
 It is the conversion of frequency band to another location
(region) in the total frequency spectrum (electro-magnetic
spectrum).

Engr. Dr. Jawwad Ahmad 4


Reasons for Modulation
 Modulation for Efficient Transmission

 To accommodate optimum number of channels or more


efficient utilization of the transmission medium upto its
extent (e.g. FDM).

Engr. Dr. Jawwad Ahmad 5


Reasons for Modulation
 Modulation to Reduce Noise & Interference

 Normally noise and effect of interference do not have


efficient significance at high frequency.

Engr. Dr. Jawwad Ahmad 6


Reasons for Modulation
 Modulation for Frequency Assignment
 It allows us to avail higher bandwidth available at the top
ends of radio spectrum in order to accommodate signals of
larger bandwidth.
 Thus different channels are assigned to same Baseband
signal.

Engr. Dr. Jawwad Ahmad 7


Reasons for Modulation
 Modulation for Multiplexing
 Digital to Analog modulation is necessary for digital signals
as they are low pass and transmission occurs only for
Bandpass signals therefore digital (Lowpass) become
Bandpass after modulation.

Engr. Dr. Jawwad Ahmad 8


Reasons for Modulation
 Modulation to Overcome Hardware Limitation
 Modulation reduces antenna length.
=> l = λ = c.
10 10f

Engr. Dr. Jawwad Ahmad 9


Reasons for Modulation
 Modulation to Overcome Hardware Limitation
 Another important function of modulation is that it allows to
transmission at frequency, that is, best suited with
transmission medium.

Engr. Dr. Jawwad Ahmad 10


Modulation
 It is the process of changing one or more properties of analog
carrier in proportion with the information signal.
 In modulation, a message signal, which contains the
information, is used to control the parameters of a carrier
signal, so as to impress the information onto the carrier.

Engr. Dr. Jawwad Ahmad 11


Demodulation
 Demodulation is the reverse process (to modulation) to
recover the message signal at the receiver.

Engr. Dr. Jawwad Ahmad 12


Types of Modulation
 CONTINUES WAVE MODULATION
Analog Modulation
Message Signal is analog, and carrier is also analog.
 AM
 FM
 PM

Engr. Dr. Jawwad Ahmad 13


Types of Modulation
 Analog Modulation

Engr. Dr. Jawwad Ahmad 14


Types of Modulation
 Analog Modulation

Engr. Dr. Jawwad Ahmad 15


Amplitude Modulation

Engr. Dr. Jawwad Ahmad 16


Amplitude Modulation

Engr. Dr. Jawwad Ahmad 17


De-Modulation

Engr. Dr. Jawwad Ahmad 18


Double Side Band Amplitude Modulation

Engr. Dr. Jawwad Ahmad 19


Single Side Band Amplitude Modulation

Engr. Dr. Jawwad Ahmad 20


Frequency Modulation

Engr. Dr. Jawwad Ahmad 21


Band-Pass Filter

Engr. Dr. Jawwad Ahmad 22


De-Modulation

Engr. Dr. Jawwad Ahmad 23


Types of Modulation
 CONTINUES WAVE MODULATION

 Pulse Modulation
Information in analog and carrier signal is digital.
 PAM
 PPM
 PWM
 PCM

Engr. Dr. Jawwad Ahmad 24


Engr. Dr. Jawwad Ahmad 25
Types of Modulation
 DISCRETE WAVE MODULATION

 Digital Modulation
Information signal is digital and carrier in analog.
 ASK
 FSK
 PSK
 QAM

Engr. Dr. Jawwad Ahmad 26


Quadrature Amplitude Modulation

Engr. Dr. Jawwad Ahmad 27


Engr. Dr. Jawwad Ahmad 28
Engr. Dr. Jawwad Ahmad 29
Modulation Techniques

Engr. Dr. Jawwad Ahmad 30


Modulation Techniques

Engr. Dr. Jawwad Ahmad 31


Thank you

Engr. Dr. Jawwad Ahmad 32

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