Designation: A 350/A 350M – 00c An American National Standard

Standard Specification for

Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel Forgings, Requiring Notch
Toughness Testing for Piping Components1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 350/A 350M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.

1. Scope A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing

1.1 This specification2 covers several grades of carbon and of Steel Products3
low-alloy steel forged or ring-rolled flanges, forged fittings and A 788 Specification for Steel Forgings, General Require-
valves intended primarily for low-temperature service and ments4
requiring notch toughness testing. They are made to specified A 961 Specification for Common Requirements for Steel
dimensions, or to dimensional standards, such as the ASME Flanges, Forged Fittings, Valves, and Parts for Piping
and API Specifications referenced in Section 2. Although this Applications5
specification covers some piping components machined from 2.2 ASME Standards:
rolled bar and seamless tubular materials (see 5.3.3), it does not B 16.5 Steel Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings6
cover raw material produced in these product forms. B 16.9 Factory-Made Wrought Steel Butt-Welding Fit-
1.2 No limitation on size is intended beyond the ability of tings6
the manufacturer to obtain the specified requirements. How- B 16.10 Face-to-Face and End-to-End Dimensions of Fer-
ever, Class 3 of Grade LF787 is only available in the rous Valves6
quenched-and-precipitation heat treated condition. B 16.11 Forged Steel Fittings, Socket-Welding and
1.3 Supplementary requirements are provided for use when Threaded6
additional testing or inspection is desired. These shall apply B 16.30 Unfired Pressure Vessel Flange Dimensions6
only when specified by the purchaser in the order. B 16.34 Valves-Flanged, Threaded, and Welding End6
1.4 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units B 16.47 Large Diameter Steel Flanges6
and in SI units. However, unless the order specifies the 2.3 AWS Standards:
applicable “M” specification designation (SI units), the mate- A 5.1 Mild Steel Covered Arc-Welding Electrodes7
rial shall be furnished to inch-pound units. A 5.5 Low-Alloy Steel Covered Arc-Welding Electrodes7
1.5 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units 2.4 API Standards:8
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the 600 Steel Gate Valves with Flanged or Butt-Welding Ends
SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each 602 Compact Design Carbon Steel Gate Valves for Refinery
system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must Use
be used independently of the other. Combining values from the 605 Large Diameter Carbon Steel Flanges
two systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi- 3. Ordering Information
cation.
3.1 It is the purchaser’s responsibility to specify in the
NOTE 1—Refer to Test Methods and Definitions A 370 for notes on purchase order information necessary to purchase the needed
significance of notched-bar impact testing.
material. In addition to the ordering information guidelines in
2. Referenced Documents Specification A 961, orders should include the following infor-
mation:
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.1 Additional requirements (see Table 1 footnotes).

3
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03.
4
Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.05.
5
A01.22 on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and Bolting Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.01.
6
Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications. Available from ASME International, Three Park Avenue, New York, NY
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 2000. Published March 2001. Originally 10016–5990.
7
published as A 350 – 52 T. Last previous edition A 350/A 350M – 00b. Available from American Welding Society, 550 LeJeune Rd., P.O. Box 351040,
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi- Miami, FL 33135.
8
cation SA-350 in Section II of that Code. Available from American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street N.W., Washington,
DC 20005.

Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.

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 A 350/A 350M
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
Element Composition, wt. %
Grade LF1 Grade LF2 Grade LF3 Grade LF5 Grade LF6 Grade LF9 Grade LF787
Carbon, max 0.30 0.30 0.20 0.30 0.22 0.20 0.07
Manganese 0.60–1.35 0.60–1.35 0.90 max 0.60–1.35 1.15–1.50 0.40–1.06 0.40–0.70
Phosphorus, 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.025 0.035 0.025
max
Sulfur, max 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.025 0.040 0.025
SiliconA 0.15–0.30 0.15–0.30 0.20–0.35 0.20–0.35 0.15–0.30 ... 0.40 max
Nickel 0.40 maxB 0.40 maxB 3.3–3.7 1.0–2.0 0.40 maxB 1.60–2.24 0.70–1.00
Chromium 0.30 maxB,C 0.30 maxB,C 0.30 maxC 0.30 maxC 0.30 maxB,C 0.30 maxC 0.60–0.90
Molybdenum 0.12 maxB,C 0.12 maxB,C 0.12 maxC 0.12 maxC 0.12 maxB,C 0.12 maxC 0.15–0.25
Copper 0.40 maxB 0.40 maxB 0.40 maxC 0.40 maxC 0.40 maxB 0.75–1.25 1.00–1.30
Columbium 0.02 max 0.02 max 0.02 max 0.02 max 0.02 max 0.02 max 0.02 min
Vanadium 0.05 max 0.05 max 0.03 max 0.03 max 0.04–0.11 0.03 max 0.03 max
Nitrogen ... ... ... ... 0.01–0.030 ... ...
A
When vacuum carbon-deoxidation is required by Supplementary Requirement S11, the silicon content shall be 0.12 % maximum.
B
The sum of copper, nickel, chromium, vanadium and molybdenum shall not exceed 1.00 % on heat analysis.
C
The sum of chromium and molybdenum shall not exceed 0.32 % on heat analysis.

4. General Requirements 5.4.2.1 Normalize—Heat to a temperature that produces an

4.1 Product furnished to this specification shall conform to austenitic structure, holding sufficient time to attain uniform
the requirements of Specification A 961, including any supple- temperature throughout. Cool uniformly in still air.
mentary requirements that are indicated in the purchase order. 5.4.2.2 Normalize and Temper—Subsequent to normalize,
Failure to comply with the general requirements of Specifica- reheat to 1100°F [590°C] minimum, holding at temperature a
tion A 961 constitutes nonconformance with this specification. minimum of 30 min/in. [30 min/25 mm] of maximum thick-
In case of conflict between the requirements of this specifica- ness, but in no case less than 30 min. Cool in still air.
tion and Specification A 961, this specification shall prevail. 5.4.2.3 Quench and Temper—The procedure for quenching
shall consist of either (1) fully austenitizing the forgings
5. Manufacture followed by quenching in a suitable liquid medium or (2) using
5.1 Melting Process—The steel shall be produced by any of a multiple stage procedure whereby the forging is first fully
the following primary processes: open-hearth, basic oxygen, austenitized and rapidly cooled, then reheated to partially
electric-furnace, or vacuum-induction melting (VIM). The reaustenitize, followed by quenching in a suitable liquid
primary melting may incorporate separate degassing or refin- medium. All quenched forgings shall be tempered by reheating
ing, and may be followed by secondary melting using electro- to a temperature between 1100°F [590°C] and the lower
slag remelting (ESR), or vacuum-arc remelting (VAR). transformation temperature, holding at temperature a minimum
5.1.1 The steel shall be fully killed, fine-grain practice. of 30 min/in. [30 min/25 mm] of maximum thickness but in no
5.1.2 The molten steel may be vacuum treated prior to or case less than 30 min. Cool in still air.
during pouring of the ingot. 5.4.3 Grade LF787 forgings shall be furnished in either the
5.2 Discard—A sufficient discard shall be made to secure normalized-and-precipitation heat treated condition or in the
freedom from injurious piping and undue segregation. quenched-and-precipitation heat treated condition. The heat
5.3 Forging Process: treatment procedures shall be as follows:
5.3.1 Material for forgings shall consist of ingots, or forged, 5.4.3.1 Normalized-and-Precipitation Heat Treated—Heat
rolled, or strandcast blooms, billets, slabs, or bars. to a temperature in the range from 1600 to 1725°F [870 to
5.3.2 The finished product shall be a forging as defined in 940°C], hold at the temperature for a time sufficient to attain
the Terminology section of Specification A 788. uniform temperature throughout, soak at the temperature for
5.3.3 Except for flanges of all types, hollow, cylindrically- not less than 1/2 h, and remove from the furnace and cool in air.
shaped parts may be machined from rolled bar or seamless Subsequently, heat to a temperature in the range from 1000 to
tubular materials provided that the axial length of the part is 1200°F [540 to 650°C], soak at the temperature for not less
approximately parallel to the metal flow lines of the stock. than 1/2 h, and cool at any convenient rate.
Other parts, excluding flanges of all types, may be machined
5.4.3.2 Quenched-and-Precipitation Heat Treated—Heat to
from hot-rolled or forged bar up through and including NPS4.
a temperature in the range from 1600 to 1725°F [879 to
Elbows, return bends, tees, and header tees shall not be
940°C], hold at the temperature for a time sufficient to attain
machined directly from bar stock.
uniform temperature throughout, soak at the temperature for
5.4 Heat Treatment:
not less than 1/2 h and quench in a suitable liquid medium by
5.4.1 After hot working and before reheating for heat
immersion; reheat to a temperature in the range from 1000 to
treatment, the forging shall be allowed to cool substantially
1225°F [540 to 665°C], hold at the temperature for not less
below the transformation range.
than 1/2 h, and cool at any convenient rate.
5.4.2 Forgings of grades other than Grade LF787 shall be
furnished in the normalized, or in the normalized and tem-
pered, or in the quenched and tempered condition described by 6. Chemical Composition
the following procedures: 6.1 Heat Analysis:

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6.1.1 A chemical heat analysis in accordance with Specifi- recording pyrometers so that complete records of heat treat-
cation A 961 shall be made and conform to the requirements as ment are available and if the same heat-treating cycles are used
to chemical composition prescribed in Table 1. Leaded steels on the forgings represented by the tension test, then one tension
shall not be permitted. test from each heat shall be required, instead of one tension test
6.2 Product Analysis: from each heat in each heat treatment load in accordance with
6.2.1 The purchaser may make a product analysis on prod- 7.1.1.2.
ucts supplied to this specification in accordance with Specifi- 7.1.3 Test Locations and Orientations—The test specimen
cation A 961. shall be removed from the heaviest section of the forging or
test blank, at locations described in 7.1.3.1, 7.1.3.2, 7.1.3.5 or
7. Mechanical Properties as close to these locations as practical, subject to forging size
7.1 Tension Tests: and geometry.
7.1.1 Requirements—The material shall conform to require- 7.1.3.1 For forgings or test blanks having a maximum
ments for tensile properties in Table 2. heat-treated thickness, T, of 2 in. [50 mm] or less, the
7.1.1.1 The test specimen shall be obtained from a rough or longitudinal axis of the test specimen shall be taken at
finished forging, or prolongation thereof. For forgings under mid-thickness and its mid-length shall be at least 2 in. [50 mm]
10 000 lbs, at time of heat treatment, it may be obtained from from a second heat treated surface, exclusive of the T dimen-
separately forged test blanks from the same heat of steel as the sion surfaces. (This is normally referred to as 1⁄2 T by 2 in. [50
production forgings. The test blank shall be reduced by forging mm]).
in a manner similar to that for the products represented, and 7.1.3.2 For forgings or test blanks having a maximum
shall receive approximately the same hot working and reduc- heat-treated thickness, T, greater than 2 in. [50 mm], the central
tion and the same heat treatment as the finished products axis of the test specimen shall be taken at least 1⁄4 T from the
represented. The test material shall be treated in the same nearest heat-treated surface and at least T or 4 in. [100 mm],
furnace at the same time as the forging it represents, subject to whichever is less, from any second heat-treated surface. For
the requirements of 7.1.2.1. quenched and tempered forgings, the midlength of the test
7.1.1.2 The test specimen shall represent all forgings from specimen shall be at least T from any second heat-treated
the same heat and heat-treatment load whose maximum thick- surface. See Fig. 1 for test specimen location in separately
nesses do not exceed the thickness of the test forging or blank forged test blanks for quenched and tempered forgings.
by more than 1⁄4 in. [6 mm]. 7.1.3.3 Metal Buffers—The required distances from heat
7.1.2 Number of Tests—One tension test at room tempera- treated surfaces may be obtained with metal buffers instead of
ture shall be made in accordance with 7.1.1.2 from each heat in integral expansions. Buffer material may be carbon or low
each heat-treatment load. alloy steel, and shall be joined to the forging with a partial
7.1.2.1 If heat treatment is performed in either a continuous penetration weld that seals the buffered surface. Specimens
or a batch-type furnace controlled within 625°F [614°C] of shall be located at 1⁄2 in. [13 mm] minimum from the buffered
the required heat-treatment temperature and equipped with surface of the forging. Buffers shall be removed and the welded

TABLE 2 Tensile Properties at Room TemperatureA

Grades
LF1 and LF5 LF2 LF3 and LF5 LF6 LF9 LF787
Class 1 Classes Class 2
Class 1 Classes 2 Class 2 Class 3
1 and 2
and 3
Tensile strength, ksi [MPa] 60–85 70–95 70–95 66–91 75–100 63–88 65–85 75–95
[415–585] [485–655] [485–655] [455–630] [515–690] [435–605] [450–585] [515–655]
B,C
Yield strength, min, ksi [MPa] 30 [205] 36 [250] 37.5 [260] 52 [360] 60 [415] 46 [315] 55 [380] 65 [450]
Elongation:
Standard round specimen, or 25 22 22 22 20 25 20 20
small proportional specimen,
min % in
4D gage length
Strip specimen for wall thickness 28 30 30 30 28 28 28 28
5⁄16 in. (7.94 mm) and over

and for all small sizes tested

in full section; min % in 2 in.
(50 mm)
Equation for calculating min 48t + 13 48t + 15 48t + 15 48t + 15 48t + 13 48t + 13 48t + 13 48t + 13
elongation for strip specimens
thinner than
5⁄16 in. (7.94 mm); min % in 2

in. (50 mm)

t = actual thickness in inches
Reduction of area, min, % 38 30 35 40 40 38 45 45
A
See 7.3 for hardness tests.
B
Determined by either the 0.2 % offset method or the 0.5 % extension under load method.
C
For round specimens only.

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NOTE—For material with thickness T greater than 2 in. [50 mm],

T2= T3= T4$ TmaxTmax= maximum heat treated thickness
FIG. 1 Test Specimen Location for Quenched and Tempered
Forgings

areas subjected to magnetic particle test to assure freedom from TABLE 3 Charpy V-Notch Energy Requirements for Standard
cracks unless the welded areas are completely removed by Size [10 by 10 mm] Specimens
subsequent machining.
7.1.3.4 The test specimen shall have its longitudinal axis Grade Minimum Impact Minimum Impact
Energy Required Energy Permitted
located parallel to the direction of major working of the forging for Average of for One Specimen
or test blank. Each Set of Three only of a Set,
7.1.3.5 With prior purchaser approval, tests may be taken at Specimens, ft·lbf[J]
ft·lbf[J]
a depth (t) corresponding to the distance from the area of
LF1 and LF9 13 [18] 10 [14]
significant loading to the nearest heat treated surface and at LF2, Class 1 15 [20] 12 [16]
least twice this distance (2t) from any second surface. How- LF3 15 [20] 12 [16]
ever, the test depth shall not be nearer to one treated surface LF5 Class 1 and 2 15 [20] 12 [16]
LF787 Classes 2 and 3 15 [20] 12 [16]
than 3⁄4 in. [19 mm] and to the second treated surface than 11⁄2 LF6, Class 1 15 [20] 12 [16]
in. [38 mm]. This method of test location would normally LF2, Class 2 20 [27] 15 [20]
apply to contour-forged parts, or parts with thick cross- LF3, Class 2 20 [27] 15 [20]
LF6, Classes 2 and 3 20 [27] 15 [20]
sectional areas where 1⁄4 T 3 T testing (7.1.3.2) is not practical.
Sketches showing the exact test locations shall be approved by
the purchaser when this method is used. TABLE 4 Standard Impact Test Temperature for Standard Size
7.1.4 Test Method—Testing shall be performed in accor- [10 by 10 mm] Specimens
dance with Test Methods and Definitions A 370. The test
specimen shall be as large as is practicable and shall be Grade Test Temperature, °F [°C]
machined to the form and dimensions of Fig. 5 of Test Methods LF1 −20 [−28.9]
and Definitions A 370. When seamless tubular materials are LF2 Class 1 −50 [−45.6]
LF2 Class 2 −0 [−18]
used, testing shall be performed on longitudinal specimens in LF3 −150 [−101.1]
accordance with Annex A2, Steel Tubular Products, of Test LF5, Classes 1 and 2 −75 [−59.4]
Methods and Definitions A 370. LF6, Classes 1 and 2 −60 [−50]
LF6, Class 3 0 [−18]
7.2 Impact Test: LF9 −100 [−73.3]
7.2.1 Requirements—The material shall conform to the LF787, Class 2 −75 [−50]
requirements for impact properties in Table 3 when tested at LF787 Class 3 −100 [−73]
the applicable standard temperature in Table 4 within the limits
of 7.2.4.2 and 7.2.4.3. When subsize specimens are used, the
impact energy values obtained shall conform to Table 5 at ture is at least as low as the intended service temperature, and
energy values proportional to standard size. Exceptions to this that the forging is suitably marked to identify the reported test
requirement are permissible when supplement S1 is specified temperature.
by the purchaser. Impact tests may be made at temperatures 7.2.1.1 The test specimens shall be machined from material
different from those in Table 4, provided that the test tempera- obtained as in 7.1.

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TABLE 5 Minimum Equivalent Absorbed Energy ft·lbf (J) for and where the largest obtainable specimen has a width along
Various Specimen SizesA the notch of at least 80 % of the forging thickness, the
specimen shall be tested at the temperature in Table 4. Where
Standard ⁄ size
34 ⁄ size
23 ⁄ size
12 13⁄ size 1⁄4size

Size [10 by [10 by [10 by [10 by [10 by [10 by

the largest obtainable specimen has a width along the notch of
10 mm] 7.5 mm] 6.6 mm] 5 mm] 3.3 mm] 2.5 mm] less than 80 % of the material thickness, the temperature for
15 [20] 12 [16] 10 [14] 8 [11] 5 [7] 4 [6] testing shall be lower than the temperature in Table 4 by an
13 [18] 10 [14] 9 [12] 7 [10] 5 [7] 4 [6] amount equal to the difference (referring to Table 6) between
12 [16] 10 [14] 9 [12] 7 [10] 4 [6] 3 [5]
10 [14] 8 [11] 7 [10] 5 [7] 3 [5] 3 [5]
the temperature reduction corresponding to the thickness of the
A
material represented, and the temperature reduction corre-
Straight-line interpolation for intermediate values is permitted.
sponding to the specimen width actually tested.
7.2.2 Number of Tests—Three specimens shall constitute 7.3 Hardness Test:
one test set. There shall be the same number of test sets as 7.3.1 Except when only one forging is produced, a mini-
tension tests in 7.1.2. mum of two forgings shall be hardness tested per batch or
7.2.3 Test Locations and Orientations—The test specimen continuous run as defined in 7.1.2.1 to ensure that hardness of
shall be located and oriented as described in 7.1.3. The area the forgings does not exceed 197 HB after heat treatment for
under the notch of the impact test specimen shall be used to mechanical properties. The hardness measurements shall be
locate the specimen with respect to the second heat-treated made in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A 370.
surface. The base of the notch shall be perpendicular to the When only one forging is produced, it shall be hardness tested
nearest heat-treated surface. to ensure that it meets the 197 HB maximum of this specifi-
7.2.4 Test Method—The notched bar impact test shall be cation. The purchaser may verify that this requirement has been
made in accordance with the procedure for the Charpy V-notch met by testing at any location on the forging, provided that
type test as described in Test Methods and Definitions A 370. such testing does not render the forging useless.
7.2.4.1 Standard size specimens shown in Fig. 11 of Test 8. Hydrostatic Test
Methods and Definitions A 370 shall be used for the impact
8.1 Forgings manufactured under this specification shall be
test. Where the material is of insufficient thickness, or the
capable of passing a hydrostatic test compatible with the rating
shape of the forging precludes standard size, the largest
of the finished item. Such tests shall be conducted by the
obtainable subsize specimen described in Test Methods and
manufacturer only when Supplementary Requirement S57 of
Definitions A 370 shall be used.
Specification A 961 is specified.
7.2.4.2 Where subsize specimens are used and represent
forged material with thicknesses equal to or greater than 0.394 9. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
in. [10 mm], and where the largest obtainable specimen has a
9.1 Forgings shall conform to the requirements of Specifi-
width along the notch of at least 8 mm, such specimen shall be
cation A 961.
tested at the temperature in Table 4. Where the largest
obtainable specimen has a width along the notch less than 8 10. Retests
mm, the temperature for testing shall be lower than the
10.1 If any test specimen shows flaws or defective machin-
temperature in Table 4 by the amount shown in Table 6 for the
ing, it may be discarded and another specimen substituted.
actual specimen width tested.
7.2.4.3 Where subsize specimens are used and represent 11. Rework and Retreatment
forged material with thicknesses less than 0.394 in. [10 mm], 11.1 If the results of the mechanical tests do not conform to
TABLE 6 Charpy Impact Test Temperature Reduction Below
the requirements specified, the manufacturer may reheat treat
Table 5 Test Temperature when the Subsize Charpy Impact Width the forgings represented, and shall retest to the applicable
along Notch is Less than 80% of the Forging Thickness requirements.
11.2 Individually tested forgings meeting all requirements
Size of Bar Thickness of the Temperature shall be acceptable.
Material Represented Reduction,
(see 7.2.4.3), or ° F [°C]
11.3 Repair by Welding—Weld repairs shall be permitted
Charpy, Impact (see Supplementary Requirement S58 of Specification A 961)
Specimen Width Along at the discretion of the manufacturer with the following
the NotchA, in. [mm]
limitations and requirements:
Standard 0.394 [10] 0 [0]
11.3.1 Repair by welding shall be made using welding
Standard 0.354 [9] 0 [0]
Standard 0.315 [8] 0 [0] procedures and welders qualified in accordance with ASME
3⁄4-size 0.295 [7.5] 5 [3] Section IX of the Code.2 The weld procedure qualification test
3⁄4-size 0.276 [7] 8 [5]
2⁄3-size 0.262 [6.67] 10 [6]
shall also include impact tests of the weld metal and heat-
2⁄3-size 0.236 [6] 15 [8] affected zone. All impact test specimens shall have the longi-
1⁄2-size 0.197 [5] 20 [11] tudinal axis transverse to the weld and the base of the notch
1⁄2-size 0.158 [4] 30 [17]
1⁄3-size 0.131 [3.33] 35 [20]
normal to the weld surface. Weld specimens shall have the
1⁄3-size 0.118 [3] 40 [22] notch in weld metal and heat-affected zone specimens shall
1⁄4-size 0.099 [2.5] 50 [28] have the notch in the heat-affected zone. The specimens shall
A
Straight-line interpolation for intermediate values is permitted. be as large as permitted by the weldment thickness. Where

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full-size specimens can be obtained and where there is suffi- sional standards, application of identification marks as required
cient weldment thickness, the weld specimen shall be taken in Section 15 shall be the certification that the forgings have
with one side of the specimen within 1⁄16 in. [1.6 mm] of the been furnished in accordance with the requirements of this
weld surface. Heat-affected zone impact test specimens shall specification.
be taken at the same depth and locations applicable to the 14.2 When test reports are required, they shall include
forging in 7.1.3.1 and 7.1.3.2. When forgings are thermally certification that all requirements of this specification have
treated after repair welding, the weld procedure test plate shall been met, and shall be traceable to the forging represented. The
be subjected to the same thermal treatment. The mechanical specification designation included on test reports shall include
properties of the weld procedure qualification test shall con- year of issue and revision letter, if any. The manufacturer shall
form to Section 7. provide the following where applicable:
11.3.2 Defects shall be completely removed by chipping or 14.2.1 Type heat treatment, Section 5,
grinding to sound metal as verified by magnetic particle, or 14.2.2 Chemical analysis results, Section 6 (Table 1),
liquid penetrant inspection prior to welding. 14.2.3 Product analysis results, 6.2 (Table 1),
11.3.3 For Grade LF1 forgings, and LF2 forgings that are to 14.2.4 Tensile property results, Section 7 (Table 2) report
be only stress-relieved after repair welding, the weld metal the yield strength and ultimate strength, in ksi [MPa], elonga-
shall be deposited using carbon steel electrodes E 7015, tion and reduction in area, in percent,
E 7016, or E 7018, complying with AWS A 5.1. For Grade LF2 14.2.5 Impact test results, 7.2 (Table 3, Table 4, Table 5, and
forgings in all other conditions of post-weld heat treatment, the Table 6),
weld metal shall be deposited using low-alloy steel electrodes 14.2.6 Hardness results, 7.3.1,
E 7015-A1; E 7016-A1, or E 7018-A1 complying with AWS 14.2.7 Any supplementary testing required by the purchase
5.5; for Grade LF3 forgings the weld metal shall be deposited order, and
using low-alloy steel electrodes E 8016-C2 or E 8018-C2 14.2.8 If repaired by welding, letter W is to follow the
complying with AWS A 5.5; for Grades LF5, LF9, and LF787 ASTM designation.
forgings, the weld metal shall be deposited using low-alloy 15. Product Marking
steel electrodes E 8016-C1 or E 8018-C1 complying with AWS
A 5.5. For Grade LF6, the electrodes shall be low-hydrogen, 15.1 In addition to the marking requirements of Specifica-
E-XX15, E-XX16, or E-XX18 complying with AWS A 5.1 or tion A 961, manufacturer’s name (see Note 2) or symbol shall
A 5.5, as applicable. be permanently marked on each forging.
11.3.4 After repair welding, the area welded shall be com- NOTE 2—For purposes of identification marking, the manufacturer is
pletely free of defects as verified by magnetic particle or liquid considered the organization that certifies the piping component was
penetrant inspection. manufactured, sampled, and tested in accordance with this specification
11.3.5 Forgings repair welded in the normalized, normal- and the results have been determined to meet the requirements of this
specification.
ized and tempered, or the quenched and tempered conditions
shall be stress-relieved after repair welding at 1100°F [590°C] 15.1.1 If the forgings have been quenched and tempered or
minimum, but not higher than the temperature previously used quenched-and-precipitation heat treated the letters QT shall be
for tempering the base metal of the same forging, or shall be stamped on the forgings following the ASTM designation.
reheat treated in accordance with 5.4. 15.1.2 Forgings repaired by welding shall be marked with
11.3.6 When the purchaser specifies Supplementary Re- the letter W following the ASTM designation.
quirement S5, the same requirements shall apply to the weld 15.2 If identification stamps are objectionable and detrimen-
procedure qualification tests. tal to the forging, and when so stated on the purchase order, the
11.3.7 Repair by welding shall not exceed 10 % of the marks may be painted or stenciled on the forging, or stamped
surface area of the forging or 331⁄3 % of the wall thickness of on a metal or plastic tag which shall be securely attached to the
the finished forging, or 3⁄8 in. [9.5 mm], whichever is less, forging.
without prior approval of the purchaser. 15.3 When test reports are required, additional marks shall
11.3.8 When approval of the purchaser is obtained, the be used as necessary to identify the part with the test report.
limitations set forth in 11.3.7 may be exceeded, but all other 15.4 If the test temperature is other than the standard
requirements of 11.3 shall apply. temperature specified in Table 4, the mark shall also include the
suffix letter S to the grade and class and the test temperature. A
12. Inspection prefix 0 to the test temperature shall indicate a less than 0°F
12.1 Inspection provisions of Specification A 961 shall [-17.8°C] value. For example, LF2S 0175 denotes a test
apply. temperature of –175°F [-115°C] for an LF2 part.
15.5 Parts meeting all requirements for more than one class
13. Rejection and Rehearing may be marked with more than one class such as LF2
13.1 Purchaser shall comply with provisions of Specifica- CL1/C12; LF5 CL1/CL2, and so forth.
tion A 961. 15.6 Bar Coding—In addition to the requirements in 15.1,
15.2, 15.3, 15.4, and 15.5, bar coding is acceptable as a
14. Certification supplemental identification method. The purchaser may
14.1 For forgings made to specified dimensions when specify in the order a specific bar coding system to be used.
agreed to by the purchaser, and for forgings made to dimen- The bar coding system, if applied at the discretion of the

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supplier, should be consistent with one of the published 16. Keywords
industry standards for bar coding. If used on small parts, the 16.1 carbon equivalent; pipe fittings; steel; piping applica-
bar code may be applied to the box or a substantially applied tions; pressure containing parts; steel flanges; steel forgings;
tag. alloy; steel forgings; carbon; steel valves; temperature service
applications; low

SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS

In addition to any supplementary requirements of Specification A 961, the following supplementary

requirements shall apply only when specified by the purchaser in the order:

S1. Other Impact Test Temperatures S4. Vacuum Carbon-Deoxidized Steels

S1.1 Impact test temperatures lower or higher than the S4.1 Material made to Grades LF1, LF2, LF3, LF5, and LF9
standard temperature in Table 4 of this specification shall be shall be vacuum carbon-deoxidized, in which case the silicon
used. content shall be 0.12 % maximum. The test report shall
S1.1.1 When higher test temperatures are employed, the indicate that the steel was vacuum carbon-deoxidized.
actual test temperature may not be higher than that given in
Table S1.1.1. S5. Special Impact Test Requirements for Flanges (Note
S1.2 The test temperature shall be specified by the pur- S5.1)
chaser. When subsize specimens are used, the manufacturer S5.1 Charpy test specimens shall be cut from an actual
shall adjust the test temperature in accordance with the size flange representing each size, heat, and heat-treatment lot. If
restrictions of 7.2.4.2 and 7.2.4.3. more than one size flange is represented by the same heat and
S1.3 The forging shall be marked with the specified test heat-treatment lot, the maximum size flange shall be consid-
temperature in accordance with 15.4. A lower temperature shall ered representative.
not be marked on the forging because of the use of subsize S5.2 The number, location, and orientation of the test
specimens. specimens shall be stated on the order.
S1.4 The test results shall comply with Table 3 for standard S5.3 The test results shall comply with Table 3 for standard
size specimens, and with Table 5 for subsize specimens. size specimens, and with Table 5 for subsize specimens.
S2. Stress-Relieved Test Specimens NOTE S5.1—These special requirements should be considered for
services when the applied stresses approach the maximum permissible
S2.1 The test specimens shall be stress relieved. Stress
limits of the governing code, or the installation is subject to severe cyclic
relieving shall be done after heat treatment in 5.4 and before conditions (7000 or more cycles over the expected life of the installation),
machining the specimens from the heat-treated test material. or both.
S2.2 The purchaser shall furnish the forging manufacturer
with details of the stress-relief treatment desired. S6. Carbon Equivalent
S3. Lateral Expansion S6.1 The maximum carbon equivalent based on heat analy-
sis shall be as shown in Table S6.1:
S3.1 Lateral expansion of the Charpy V-notch test in accor- S6.2 Determine the carbon equivalent (CE) as follows:
dance with Section 25 of Test Methods and Definitions A 370 CE = C + Mn/6 + (Cr + Mo + V)/5 + (Ni + Cu)/15
shall be measured and reported. S6.3 A lower maximum carbon equivalent may be agreed
TABLE S1.1.1 Maximum Supplemental Test Temperatures upon between the supplier and the purchaser.

Grade Maximum Test Temperature, °F (°C)

TABLE S6.1 Maximum Carbon Equivalent Value
LF1 −10 [−23]
LF2, Class 1 −35 [−37]
Grade Max.Thickness Less Max. Thickness
LF3 −125 [−87]
Than or Equal to 2 in. Greater Than 2 in.
LF5, Classes 1 and 2 −60 [−51]
LF6, Classes 1 and 2 −40 [−40] LF1 0.45 0.46
LF9 −80 [−62] LF2 0.47 0.48
LF787, Class 2 −60 [−51] LF6 CL1 0.45 0.46
LF787, Class 3 −80 [−62] LF6 CL2 0.47 0.48

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