The document discusses homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines. HCCI engines have the potential for high efficiency and low emissions. However, several technical barriers must be overcome before HCCI can be implemented in production engines. The Sandia HCCI Engine Combustion Fundamentals Laboratory supports industrial efforts to develop HCCI/SCCI engines. The laboratory contains two converted diesel engines equipped to investigate a wide range of operating conditions and strategies to overcome barriers to HCCI implementation.
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The document discusses homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines. HCCI engines have the potential for high efficiency and low emissions. However, several technical barriers must be overcome before HCCI can be implemented in production engines. The Sandia HCCI Engine Combustion Fundamentals Laboratory supports industrial efforts to develop HCCI/SCCI engines. The laboratory contains two converted diesel engines equipped to investigate a wide range of operating conditions and strategies to overcome barriers to HCCI implementation.
The document discusses homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines. HCCI engines have the potential for high efficiency and low emissions. However, several technical barriers must be overcome before HCCI can be implemented in production engines. The Sandia HCCI Engine Combustion Fundamentals Laboratory supports industrial efforts to develop HCCI/SCCI engines. The laboratory contains two converted diesel engines equipped to investigate a wide range of operating conditions and strategies to overcome barriers to HCCI implementation.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
The document discusses homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines. HCCI engines have the potential for high efficiency and low emissions. However, several technical barriers must be overcome before HCCI can be implemented in production engines. The Sandia HCCI Engine Combustion Fundamentals Laboratory supports industrial efforts to develop HCCI/SCCI engines. The laboratory contains two converted diesel engines equipped to investigate a wide range of operating conditions and strategies to overcome barriers to HCCI implementation.
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Home > Research > Engine Combustion > Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Fundamentals
Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines have
the potential to provide high, diesel-like efficiencies and very low emissions. In an HCCI engine, a dilute, premixed fuel/air charge autoignites and burns volumetrically as a result of being compressed by the piston. The charge is made dilute either by being very lean, or by mixing with recycled exhaust gases.
Several technical barriers must be overcome before HCCI can be
implemented in production engines. Variations of HCCI in which the charge mixture and/or temperature are partially stratified (stratified charge compression ignition or SCCI) have the potential for overcoming many of these barriers.
Because of HCCI's strong potential, most diesel engine and
automobile manufacturers have established HCCI/SCCI development efforts.
The Sandia HCCI Engine Combustion Fundamentals Laboratory supports this industrial effort. The laboratory is equipped with two Cummins B-series engines mounted at either end of a double-ended dynamometer. These production engines have been converted for single-cylinder HCCI/SCCI operation. One engine (the so-called all-metal engine) is used to establish operating points, test various fuel types, develop combustion-control strategies, and investigate emissions. The second engine has extensive optical access for the application of advanced laser diagnostics for investigations of in-cylinder processes. The design includes an extended piston with piston- crown window, three large windows near the top of the cylinder wall, and a drop-down cylinder for rapid cleaning of fouled windows.
The engines are designed to provide a versatile facility for investigations of a wide range of operating conditions and various fuel-injection, fuel/air/residual mixing, and control strategies that have the potential of overcoming the technical barriers to HCCI. The size of these engines (0.98 liters/cylinder) was selected so that results are applicable to both automotive and heavy-duty applications. They are equipped with the following features: Variable in-cylinder swirl: swirl ratios of 0.9 to 3.2, convertible to swirl ratios up to 7.6 Multiple fuel systems: fully premixed, port fuel injection, gasoline-type direct-injection, and diesel-type direct-injection Complete intake charge conditioning: simulated or real EGR, intake pressures to 6 atmospheres, and intake temperatures to 220°C Speeds up to 3600 rpm (metal engine) and 1800 rpm (optical engine) Variable compression ratio variable through interchangeable pistons (compression ratios from 12:1 to 21:1 are currently available) Custom HCCI piston design Full emissions measurements: CO2, CO, O2, HC, NOx, and smoke Mechanical valves with a conversion to fully flexible variable valve actuation (VVA) under development
Investigations are addressing several issues, including:
Stratification of the fuel/air mixture as a means of improving emissions and combustion efficiency during part-load operation The effects of fuel-type on performance and emissions over a range of speeds and loads Intake pressure boosting for increased power, heat transfer effects, combustion-phasing control, and extending operation to higher loads
Because fuel characteristics are central to HCCI engine design, a variety of fuels are being examined including gasoline, diesel fuel, and a number of representative constituents of real distillate fuels.
