How does sickle cell spread in a population? Why does it still exist?

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Name ___________________________________ Date _______________ Hour: 1 2

Inheritance
Lesson 1 – An Introduction to our Driving Question
Our objectives for today:
1. Explain what a disease is.
2. Describe trends you see on a map.
3. Explain how a sickle cell is different from a normal red blood cell.

Map Observations: Make observations about each of the four maps.

Obesity in Women by Age Map Sickle Cell Disease Map

Zika Map Malaria Map

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Similarities between the Maps:

Differences between the Maps:

Observations about a NORMAL red blood cell Observations about a SICKLE red blood cell
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Using Prior Knowledge: Explain how sickle cells are different from normal cells.

Pick a sickle cell statistic that stands out to you. Write it in the space below:

Think About It: Why did you pick this statistic? What about it was interesting or intriguing?
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Name ___________________________________ Date _______________ Hour: 1 2

Lesson 2 – Basic Units of Inheritance

Our objectives for today:
4. Define gene, allele, phenotype, genotype, and trait and give examples of each.
5. Understand and explain the relationship between heterozygous, homozygous, dominant, and
recessive and give examples of each.
Warm Up: How many chromosomes did I get from my mom? ________ Dad? ________

What is a trait?

Activity 1: Making Observations

What observable traits do you notice in each picture on the board?
Picture #1 – Calico Cat Picture #2 – Young Girl

Where did each of these characteristics come from?

A gene is …..

Examples of genes:
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Family #1
Complete the table with traits about each individual in the family.
Mom Dad Daughter

Identify where you think the daughter got each trait exhibited from.

Family #2
Now a three generational family is shown. Identify traits in common between each parent and it’s
offspring.

Parent: Charles and Diana Offspring: William and Harry

Parent: William and Kate Offspring: George and Charlotte

What traits do the grandparents have (Charles and Diana) that have been passed on but skipped a
generation?
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Activity 2: Puppies!
We will now be focusing on hair color in dogs.

Phenotype:

Genotype:

Example #1
Phenotype Genotype Guess

Mom

Dad

Puppy

Example #2
Phenotype Genotype Guess

Mom

Dad

Puppy

Puppy

How is it possible that two black dogs can have a brown puppy?
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Activity 3: Chromosome Mapping

Chromosome Chromosome
Allele Expression Allele Expression Trait
from Father from Mother

F Freckles f No Freckles

D D
Dimples Dimples

T Curled Tongue t Regular Tongue

p No Widow’s Peak p No Widow’s Peak

b Blue B Brown

Alleles are different versions of a gene, while genes are specific locations on your chromosomes
that carry information about your traits.

Fill in what each of the 5 traits is above. Then, as a class let’s define the following words.

Allele

Dominant

Recessive

Heterozygous

Homozygous
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Complete the following table with this individuals genotypes and phenotypes.

Trait Genotype Phenotype

Freckled Skin

Dimples

Tongue
Dexterity

Hairline

Eye Color

Which traits is this individual heterozygous for?

Which traits is this individual homozygous for?

Which traits does this individual express the dominant phenotype?

Which traits does this individual express the recessive phenotype?

What is this persons eye color?

Based on the information provided, can we determine this individual’s sex? Why/why not?
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Name ___________________________________ Date _______________ Hour: 1 2

Lesson 3 – Revisiting Monster Genetics
Human somatic cells are composed of one pair of sex chromosomes (XX in females, XY in males) and 22
pairs of body chromosomes. The two members of any pair of body chromosomes are said to be
homologous. Each homologue in a pair is derived from one of the parents. Chromosomes exhibit a
specific banding pattern when stained to they can be seen under a microscope. This banding pattern
represents the genes found on the chromosome.

Last unit we created our own ideal monster. Even though the monsters that are members of the
Barosko Monster Sanctuary look very different, they are able to breed. You have already determined
the phenotype of your monster, now it’s time to determine the genotype of our monster and do some
chromosome mapping to create our monster’s chromosomes. Our monsters have 3 pairs of body
chromosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes.

Using the table below, determine if your monster has the dominant or recessive phenotype. If your
monster has the dominant phenotype, you will need to roll the dice to determine if your monster is
heterozygous or homozygous for their dominant trait. If you roll EVEN your monster is heterozygous,
and if you roll ODD your monster is homozygous dominant.

My Chromosome
Allele
Trait Phenotype Monsters Location
Letter
Genotype
Body Plump Recessive Chromosome 1,
A, a
Type Skinny Dominant Location 1
Leg 2 legs Recessive Chromosome 2,
R, r
Number 4 legs Dominant Location 2
Big Recessive Chromosome 1,
Wings Q, q
Small Dominant Location 2
Head Triangle Recessive Chromosome 2,
T, t
Style Circle Dominant Location 1
Eye Blue Recessive Chromosome 1,
B, b
Color Green Dominant Location 4
Short Recessive Chromosome 1,
Snout P, p
Long Dominant Location 3
Freckles Recessive
Chromosome 3,
Freckles No F, f
Dominant Location 1
freckles
Red cR cR Chromosome 3,
Skin Incomplete
Blue cB cB Location 3
Color Dominance
Purple cR cB Chromosome 3,
Spots sP sP Location 2
Skin
Stripes CoDominant sT sT Chromosome 2,
Design
Both sPsT Location 3
Hair Hairy Recessive H, h Chromosome 3,
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Hairless Dominant Location 4

Male male is XY chromosome
Sex
Female female is XX chromosome
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L1 L1
L1
L2

L2

L3 L2
L3
L4 L3

L4

C1 C2 C3

Y
X

Don’t forget to draw the sex

chromosomes of your monster in
the cell to the left!
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Name ___________________________________ Date _______________ Hour: 1 2

Lesson 4 – Meiosis
Our objectives for today:
1. Draw label, and identify homologous pairs of chromosomes, a gene on a chromosome, and
replicated vs. unreplicated chromosomes.
2. Explain in general terms how traits are transmitted from parents to offspring.
3. Explain how haploid and diploid cells differ from each other. State which cells in the human
body are diploid and which are haploid.
4. Draw the process of meiosis in a human cell including: number and type of chromosomes
during different stages, number of starting and ending cells. .
5. Explain 3 ways genetic diversity is possible through fertilization.
6. Explain why only mutations occurring in sex cells can be passed on to offspring.

Warm Up
The letter A codes for attached vs. unattached ear lobes. Unattached earlobes are dominant.
The letter B codes for blue vs. brown eyes. Brown eyes are dominant.
The letter Q codes for cleft vs. smooth chin. Cleft chin is dominant.
The letter D codes for acne prone vs. clear skin. Acne prone skin is dominant.

Mother’s Chromosomes Father’s Chromosomes

A a What is the a a What is the father’s

mother’s
phenotype for each of
phenotype for each
these traits?
of these traits?
B B b B

Q q q q

d d D D

What are the possible phenotypes for their first child?

Let’s say this couple has a second child, will they have the same or different traits as their older
sibling? Why?
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Draw the chromosomes in the cell as it undergoes Mitosis:

 Create a diagram including the following parts of the meiosis cycle, in the correct phase.
 Chromosomes in pairs (colored)
 2 pairs of chromosomes

Summarize the events of MITOSIS:

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What is Meiosis?
Mitosis is used for almost all of your body’s cell division needs. It adds new cells during
development and replaces old and worn-out cells throughout your life. The goal of mitosis is to
produce daughter cells that are genetically identical to their mothers, with not a single
chromosome more or less.

Meiosis, on the other hand, is used for just one purpose in the human body: the production of sex
cells, or sperm in males and eggs in females. Its goal is to make daughter cells with exactly half as
many chromosomes as the starting cell.

To put that another way, meiosis in humans is a division process that takes us from a diploid cell—
one with two sets of chromosomes—to haploid cells—ones with a single set of chromosomes. In
humans, the haploid cells made in meiosis are sperm and eggs. When a sperm and an egg join in
fertilization, the two haploid sets of chromosomes form a complete diploid set: a new genome.

To remember the purpose of meiosis, just remember that meiosis is the process that made me. You
wouldn’t exist if your parent’s sex cells hadn’t undergone meiosis to make haploid sex cells.

Define the following terms:

Diploid Haploid

Unreplicated Chromosome Replicated Chromosome

Unreplicated Homologous Pair Replicated Homologous Pair

Gene 1 on an unreplicated chromosome Gene 1 on a replicated chromosome

Activity 1: Meiosis Card Sort

Obtain your meiosis cards from Ms. Barosko. You should have 10 picture cards and 10 caption cards.
With your partner, sort the cards and put them in the right order with captions. Once you think you
have the correct order, call Ms. Barosko over for the stamp of approval.
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Draw the chromosomes in the cell as it undergoes Meiosis:

 Create a diagram including the following parts of the meiosis cycle, in the correct phase.
 Chromosomes in pairs (colored)
 2 pairs of chromosomes
 Identify diploid and haploid cells by drawing a “D” or a “H” below the cell

Mother Cell

Summarize the events of MEIOSIS:

Daughter Cell
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Activity 2: Meiosis Bead Lab

Read the following directions carefully.
1. Using your colored beads, assemble the following for the father’s DNA:
a. One unreplicated chromosome that is 8 beads long.
b. One unreplicated chromosome that is 6 beads long.
c. One unreplicated chromosome that is 4 beads long.

2. Using your colored beads, assemble the following for the mother’s DNA:
a. One unreplicated chromosome that is 8 beads long.
b. One unreplicated chromosome that is 6 beads long.
c. One unreplicated chromosome that is 4 beads long.

How should you use the beads you have to distinguish between DNA from mom vs. dad?

3. Draw your unreplicated chromosomes in a cell. Use colors and label the chromosomes that
came from mom and dad.

In each cell:

_____ chromosomes
_____ replicated or unreplicated
chromosomes
_____ pairs of homologous
chromosomes

4. During ___________ of the cell cycle. DNA is replicated. Use the remainder of your beads to
replicate all the chromosomes. Draw the result below.

In each cell:

_____ chromosomes
_____ replicated or unreplicated
chromosomes
_____ pairs of homologous
chromosomes
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5. During Meiosis I, pairs of homologous chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell. Model this
with your beads and draw this picture in the space below (use color to show exactly how it
appears).

In each cell:

_____ chromosomes
_____ replicated or unreplicated
chromosomes
_____ pairs of homologous
chromosomes

What are three other ways the chromosomes could line up during Meiosis I to produce different sex cells?

Draw these below:

Law of ________________________________________

6. Using your beads, model the cells after Meiosis I and draw the results below (again, color your
picture to show exactly how it appears):

In each cell:

_____ chromosomes
_____ replicated or unreplicated
chromosomes
_____ pairs of homologous
chromosomes
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7. During Meiosis II, the replicated chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell. Model and draw
how your replicated chromosomes would line up in each cell.

In each cell:

_____ chromosomes
_____ replicated or unreplicated
chromosomes
_____ pairs of homologous
chromosomes

What is pulled apart in Meiosis II?

8. Using your beads, model the cells after Meiosis II and draw the results below.

In each cell:

_____ chromosomes
_____ replicated or unreplicated
chromosomes
_____ pairs of homologous
chromosomes
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Crossing Over
1. During Meiosis I, when homologous chromosomes pair up, crossing over occurs. Your teacher
will help you model crossing over.
2. Complete all stages of Meiosis and draw the result below.

3. Are any of the sex cells identical?

4. Why is crossing over important for sexually reproducing organisms?

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SUMMARY THIS RELATES TO SICKLE CELL

WHAT I LEARNED THE MAIN TAKEAWAY
TABLE BECAUSE…..
Lesson 2: Basic Inheritance
Lesson 4: Meiosis
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SUMMARY WHAT I LEARNED THE MAIN TAKEAWAY THIS RELATES TO SICKLE CELL
TABLE BECAUSE…..
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Name ___________________________________ Date _______________ Hour: 1 2

Lesson 5 – Monster Meiosis
Let’s take our monsters through Meiosis. For this activity we will be focusing on Snout, Leg
Number, Hair, and Sex traits of our monsters.

1. You will draw out the chromosomes with the genes labeled for each stage of meiosis.
a. Choose one color to designate chromosomes you got from your father and another
color to designate chromosomes from the mother.
2. Please take you monster through all of meiosis and form the resulting sex cells.
3. Once you’ve formed the sex cells, find another individual in the class to mate with your
monster. PICK A RANDOM SEX CELL TO USE IN THE MATING EVENT.
a. Remember: Each monster baby needs a mother and a father—if you cannot find someone of
the opposite sex to mate with, one monster can undergo a spontaneous se change in order to
facilitate the mating event.
4. When you and another individual have had a successful mating event, take your offspring
through meiosis again.

Synthesis
Before Meiosis
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Offspring Cell
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1. Write the alleles of the sperm/egg cell you mated with.

2. What is the genotype of your offspring?

3. What is the phenotype of your offspring?

4. What traits is your offspring heterozygous for?

5. What traits is your offspring homozygous dominant for?

6. What traits is your offspring homozygous recessive for?

7. If the offspring a male or female?

Now take your offspring through meiosis again. Carry the colors from the parent cells through
meiosis (there should be 4 colors of chromosomes in your offspring).

8. How many chromosomes did the sex cell of the offspring come from…
Mother _____? Father ______?

9. What alleles does the sex cell of you offspring carry?

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Name ___________________________________ Date _______________ Hour: 1 2

Lesson 6 – Meiosis Stations
STATION 1: Process of Meiosis
Complete the following based off of a human cell. Remember people have 46 chromosomes. There
are pictures of each stage to the right to help spark your memory.

MEIOSIS I

Interphase – DNA Replication

______ # of cells total
______ replicated or unreplicated chromosomes?
______ # homologous pairs present?
______ # of chromosomes per cell

Homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material

______ # of cells total
______ replicated or unreplicated chromosomes?
______ # homologous pairs present?
______ # of chromosomes per cell
_________________________ equal exchange of genetic information

Homologous chromosomes line up in center of the cell

______ # of cells total
______ replicated or unreplicated chromosomes?
______ # homologous pairs present?
______ # of chromosomes per cell
How do the chromosomes line up in the middle?

Homologous chromosomes pulled apart

______ # of cells total
______ replicated or unreplicated chromosomes?
______ # homologous pairs present?
______ # of chromosomes per cell

Cell divides
______ # of cells total
______ replicated or unreplicated chromosomes?
______ # homologous pairs present?
______ # of chromosomes per cell
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MEIOSIS II

Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

______ # of cells total
______ replicated or unreplicated chromosomes?
______ # homologous pairs present?
______ # of chromosomes per cell

Chromosomes are pulled apart

______ # of cells total
______ replicated or unreplicated chromosomes?
______ # homologous pairs present?
______ # of chromosomes per cell

Cell divides
______ # of cells total
______ replicated or unreplicated chromosomes?
______ # homologous pairs present?
______ # of chromosomes per cell
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STATION 2: Independent Assortment

One of the ways that meiosis increases genetic diversity is by the law of independent assortment.
This law states that alleles (different versions of the same genes) on separate chromosomes are
divided up during meiosis independently of one another. Thus each homologous pair lines up
randomly and independent of the other pairs.

Y controls plant height. Tall is

dominant. Short is recessive.

R controls seed shape. Round is

dominant. Wrinkled is recessive.

What is the genotype of the parent cell?

Using the colored pencils provided

Color the father’s chromosomes blue Color the mother’s chromosomes red
Remember that this individual got one Y gene from the mom and one from the dad.

Fertilize each possible sex cell with a cell that’s alleles are yr. What are the possible genotypes of
the offspring?

Phenotypes of the offspring?

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STATION 3: Meiosis Worksheet

Place the following steps of Meiosis I and Meiosis II in the correct order.

_____________ homologous chromosomes line up in the center of the cell

_____________ homologous chromosomes pulled to the ends of the cell
_____________ 4 haploid daughter cells form
_____________ replicated chromosomes line up in the center of the cell
_____________ cells undergo DNA replication and chromosomes replicate
_____________ chromosomes find their homologous pair and pair up
_____________ 2 haploid daughter cells form
_____________ individual chromosomes move to each end of the cell
_____________ crossing-over (if any) occurs

Describe a similarity and difference between meiosis I and meiosis II.

If a cell containing 28 chromosomes undergoes meiosis, how many chromosomes will each
daughter cell have?

Draw a pair of homologous

chromosomes before and
after crossing over.

Before After

How many chromosomes would be found in a human sperm cell? ________

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Place the following pictures in the order that meiosis happens in.

What picture is missing from this sequence? Draw it below.

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Station 5 – Work Time

Use this station to work on any previous stations you did not complete, or to start work on another
stations.

Station 6 –Pool Noodle Meiosis

Use the pool noodles to model meiosis on the floor. Have each member of your group model meiosis
for the other members. Be critical of each other—make sure everyone can model meiosis correctly.
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Name: __________________________________________ Hour: 1 2

Lesson 7 – Karyotyping and Meiosis Errors
Our objectives for today:
1. Interpret a Karyotype image.
2. Describe chromosomal abnormalities and diagnose a genetic disorder based on a karyotype.
3. Explain how errors in meiosis can lead to genetic disorders.
4. Compare and contrast mitosis to meiosis.

A karyotype is a picture of the chromosomes in a cell. In order to get this picture, chromosomes are
isolated from their cells and stained so that we can see them better. Scientists then match the
chromosomes together based on size and place them in order from largest to smallest.

Normal Karyotype
 _________ pairs of body chromosomes
 _________ pair of sex chromosomes
 Ordered from _____________ to ______________
 Chromosomes are matched in their ___________________________________.

Notes about the Karyotype I was given: _________

Now using C-E-R you will write a conclusion explaining what disease your individual’s karyotype shows.
Claim: A statement that answers the question being asked.
Evidence: Data or observations that support the claim.
Reasoning: The reason why your evidence supports the claim.

Claim: Our individual has _______________________________________________________________.

Evidence: Their karyotype shows _________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
Reasoning: This evidence supports our claim because ________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
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Karyotype Issue Disorder Name Disease Info

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How do we get the errors we see in these karyotypes?

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Meiosis Mitosis