Reinforced Concrete مذكرة
الخرســـــــانــــــة المسـلحــــة رقم )(2
Second Civil Year
الفرقـــــــة الثانيــة مدنـــــــي
- Load distribution
)- Problem (1
2nd Civil year – Reinforced Concrete - Notes No (2)
Load distribution problems
ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ اﻻﺣﻤﺎل
problem No (1)
for the shwon floor plan it is required to:
a- draw slab load distribution on all beams?
b- Calculate the equivalent uniform loads on all beams?
c- Draw straining actions of all beams?
Data:
Slab thickness ts = 12 cm & live load= 300kg/m2
flooring = 150 kg/m2 & wall thickness b = 12 cm & brick = 1400 kg/m3
Page No (-1- )
2nd Civil year – Reinforced Concrete - Notes No (2)
Solution
a- load distribution:
ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻧﻤﺎذج ﻟﻠﺒﻼﻃﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﺴﺎوﻳﺔ اﻻﺑﻌﺎد ﻓﻲ اﻻﺗﺠﺎﻫﻴﻦ وﺣﺴﺎب
. (r) ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻻﺳﺘﻄﺎﻟﺔ
- Slab( S1) :
() .
r= ( )
=
.
= 1.07 < 2 two way slab.
- Slab( S2) :
() .
r= ( )
=
.
= 2.15 > 2 one way slab.
- Slab( S3) : cantilever slab.
Page No (-2- )
2nd Civil year – Reinforced Concrete - Notes No (2)
b- equivalent uniform loads on all beams:
1- calculate loads :
- SLAB LOADS :
*dead load: wdl = ts * rc + covering .
wdl = 0.12 * 2.50 + 0.15 = 0.45 t/m2 .
*live load: wll = 300 kg/m2 = 0.30 t/m2 .
*ultimate slab loads :
< 0.75
* wsu = 1.50 (wdl + wll ) = 1.50 (0.45 +0.30) = 1.125 t/m2 .
- LOADS ON BEAMS :
Own weight (own wt.) = (t- ts)*b * r.c ….. (t/m’)
- assume: b(beam width) = 25 cm
t (beam depth) = ~
= ≈
(own wt.) = (0.60- 0.12) * 0.25 * 2.5 = 0.30 t/m’
* for walls :
Wwall = (hf - t)*b * brick ….. (t/m’)
- assume floor height (hf)= 3.0m
Wwall = (3.0 - 0.60)*0.12 * 1.40 = 0.40 t/m’
Page No (-3- )
)2nd Civil year – Reinforced Concrete - Notes No (2
Loads on beams:
)وزن اﻟﻜﻤﺮة wult = 1.50 * (own wt. of beam
) وزن اﻟﺤﺎﺋﻂ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮد ﻓﻮق اﻟﻜﻤﺮة +1.50 *( wall loads
)ﺟﺰء اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﻘﻮل ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺔ اﻟﻲ اﻟﻜﻤﺮة ( + slab part
ﻻﺣﻆ :ﺗﻢ ﺿﺮب وزن اﻟﻜﻤﺮة واﻟﺤﺎﺋﻂ ﻓﻲ 1.50ﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻲ ultimate
* ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮم ان اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﻘﻮل ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت اﻟﻲ اﻟﻜﻤﺮات ﻳﻜﻮن ﻋﻠﻲ
ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﺜﻠﺚ او ﻣﺴﺘﻄﻴﻞ أو ﺷﺒﺔ ﻣﻨﺤﺮف .واﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ اﺷﻜﺎل اﻟﻤﺜﻠﺜﺎت
واﺷﺒﺎة اﻟﻤﻨﺤﺮﻓﺎت اﻟﻲ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻄﻴﻞ ﻳﺘﻮزع ﺑﺎﻧﺘﻈﺎم ﻋﻠﻲ ﻃﻮل اﻟﻜﻤﺮة .
For Beam (B1):
ﺷﻜﻞ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﻘﻮل ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت اﻟﻲ اﻟﻜﻤﺮة B1
مطلوب تحويل الحمل الغير منتظم )الحقيقي( الي حمل موزع بانتظام
) Page No (-4-
)2nd Civil year – Reinforced Concrete - Notes No (2
-يتم تحويل شكل الحمل المثلث أو شبة المنحرف الي حمل مكافئ منتظم بضرب
قيمة الحمل في معامل يسمي )(β ,
معامل يستخدم في حساب الحمل المكافئ في حالة حساب العزوم علي الكمرة :
معامل يستخدم في حساب الحمل المكافئ في حالة حساب القص علي الكمرة β :
-يتم حساب قيم ) (β , علي حسب شكل الحمل كما في الجدول
) Page No (-5-
)2nd Civil year – Reinforced Concrete - Notes No (2
ﻗﻴﻢ ) (β , ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺪول )اﻟﻜﻮد اﻟﻤﺼﺮي او ﻛﺘﺎب ﺷﺎﻛﺮ ص (178
2.0 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 r
0.917 0.908 0.897 0.885 0.870 0.853 0.830 0.803 0.769 0.725 0.667
0.750 0.737 0.722 0.706 0.688 0.667 0.642 0.615 0.582 0.554 0.500
ﺷﺮوط اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ): (β ,
ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻼت ) (β , ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺊ ﺑﺸﺮط :
-1أن ﻳﻜﻮن أﻗﺼﻲ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺼﻒ وﻗﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺮﻛﻴﺰة = ﺻﻔﺮ .
-2ان ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﺤﻤﻞ ﻣﺘﻤﺎﺛﻞ ﺣﻮل ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ اﻟﻜﻤﺮة .
-3أن ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﺤﻤﻞ ﻣﺤﺼﻮر ﺑﻴﻦ رﻛﻴﺰﺗﻴﻦ .
ﻫﺬه اﻟﺸﺮوط ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﻠﺚ وﺷﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺤﺮف ﻛﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﺪول اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ .
-ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻔﺔ اﺣﺪ اﻟﺸﺮوط اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ Area methodوﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم
ﻟﻠﻌﺰوم واﻟﻘﺺ ﻣﻌﺎ.
∑
∑ = Weq.
Actual
shape
Equivalent
shape
) Page No (-6-
2nd Civil year – Reinforced Concrete - Notes No (2)
For Beam (B1):
wult = 1.50 * (own wt. of beam+ wall loads) + slab part
Part (ab): (slab part rectangular shape = β =1 )
- Load for shear and moment:
wult = 1.50 * (0.30 + 0.40) + Ord. * wsu
= 1.50 * (0.30 + 0.40) + 1.30 * 1.125 = 2.51 t/m
Part (bc): (slab part trapezoidal shape)
() .
get r = = = 1.07
( ) .
get ∝= 1 − =1− = 0.71
∗ .
get =1− =1− ∗ .
= 0.53
or from table(dr. shaker page 178) using r = 1.07 get & β
- Load for moment :
wult = 1.50 * (0.30 + 0.40) + Ord.* * wsu
= 1.50 * (0.30 + 0.40) + 2.60 * 0.71* 1.125 = 3.13 t/m
Page No (-7- )
2nd Civil year – Reinforced Concrete - Notes No (2)
- Load for shear :
wult = 1.50 * (0.30 + 0.40) + Ord.* β * wsu
= 1.50 * (0.30 + 0.40) + 2.60 * 0.53* 1.125 = 2.60 t/m
For Beam (B2):
wult = 1.50 * (own wt. of beam+ wall loads) + slab part
Page No (-8- )
2nd Civil year – Reinforced Concrete - Notes No (2)
(Slab part rectangular shape = β =1 )
- Load for shear and moment:
wult = 1.50 * (0.30 + 0.40) +2* Ord. * wsu ( ﻣﺴﺘﻄﻴﻞ2)
= 1.50 * (0.30 + 0.40) +2* 1.30 * 1.125 = 3.97 t/m
For Beam (B3):
wult = 1.50 * (own wt. of beam+ wall loads) + slab part
Part (ab):
() .
get r = = = 1.07
( ) .
get ∝= 1 − =1− = 0.71
∗ .
Page No (-9- )
2nd Civil year – Reinforced Concrete - Notes No (2)
get =1− =1− ∗ .
= 0.53
- Load for moment:
wult = 1.50 * (0.30 + 0.40) + Ord. * wsu ()ﻣﺴﺘﻄﻴﻞ
+ Ord.* * wsu ()ﺷﺒﺔ ﻣﻨﺤﺮف
= 1.50 * (0.30 + 0.40) + 1.30 * 1.125 + 2.60 * 0.71* 1.125
= 4.59 t/m
- Load for shear :
wult = 1.50 * (0.30 + 0.40) + Ord. * wsu ()ﻣﺴﺘﻄﻴﻞ
+ Ord.* β * wsu ()ﺷﺒﺔ ﻣﻨﺤﺮف
= 1.50 * (0.30 + 0.40) + 1.30 * 1.125 + 2.60 * 0.53* 1.125
= 4.06 t/m
Part (bc):
- Load for moment:
wult = 1.50 * (0.30 + 0.40) +2 * Ord.* * wsu ( ﺷﺒﺔ ﻣﻨﺤﺮف2)
= 1.50 * (0.30 + 0.40) +2* 2.60 * 0.71* 1.125 = 5.20 t/m
- Load for shear :
wult = 1.50 * (0.30 + 0.40) +2 * Ord.* β * wsu ( ﺷﺒﺔ ﻣﻨﺤﺮف2)
= 1.50 * (0.30 + 0.40) + 2* 2.60 * 0.53* 1.125 = 4.15 t/m
Page No (-10- )
2nd Civil year – Reinforced Concrete - Notes No (2)
For Beam (B4):
wult = 1.50 * (own wt. of beam+ wall loads) + slab part
Part (ab) = Part (bc) ﻧﻔﺲ اﻻﺣﻤﺎل وﻧﻔﺲ اﻻﺑﻌﺎد
() .
get r = = = .
( ) .
get ∝= − = − = .
∗ .
get = − = − ∗ .
= 0.53
Page No (-11- )
2nd Civil year – Reinforced Concrete - Notes No (2)
- Load for moment:
wult = 1.50 * (0.30 + 0.40) + Ord.* * wsu ()ﺷﺒﺔ ﻣﻨﺤﺮف
= 1.50 * (0.30 + 0.40) + 2.60 * 0.71* 1.125 = 3.13 t/m
- Load for shear :
wult = 1.50 * (0.30 + 0.40) + Ord.* β * wsu ()ﺷﺒﺔ ﻣﻨﺤﺮف
= 1.50 * (0.30 + 0.40) + 2.60 * 0.53* 1.125 = 2.60 t/m
Page No (-12- )
2nd Civil year – Reinforced Concrete - Notes No (2)
For Beam (B5):
wult = 1.50 * (own wt. of beam+ wall loads) + slab part
Part (ab): (slab part rectangular shape = β =1 )
- Load for shear and moment:
wult = 1.50 * (0.30 + 0.40) + Ord. * wsu
= 1.50 * (0.30 + 0.40) + 1.20 * 1.125 = 2.40 t/m
Part (bc):
.( ﻟﻌﺪم ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺔ اﻟﺸﺮوط & β)ﻻ ﻳﺠﻮز ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ
ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺊ ﻓﻲarea method ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ
. اﻟﻌﺰوم واﻟﻘﺺ
- Load for shear and moment:
∑
wult = 1.50 * (0.30 + 0.40) + * wsu
∑
( . ∗ . ∗ . )( ( )ﻣﺜﻠﺚ. ∗ . )()ﻣﺴﺘﻄﻴﻞ
= 1.05 + * 1.125 = 3.375 t/m
( . . )
Page No (-13- )
2nd Civil year – Reinforced Concrete - Notes No (2)
For Beam (B6):
wult = 1.50 * (own wt. of beam+ wall loads) + slab part
Part (ab):
- for triangular : = 0.67 & β = 0.50
- Load for moment:
wult = 1.50 * (0.30 + 0.40) + Ord.* * wsu ()ﻣﺜﻠﺚ
= 1.50 * (0.30 + 0.40) + 2.60 * 0.67* 1.125 = 3.0 t/m
- Load for shear :
wult = 1.50 * (0.30 + 0.40) + Ord.* β * wsu ()ﻣﺜﻠﺚ
Page No (-14- )
2nd Civil year – Reinforced Concrete - Notes No (2)
= 1.50 * (0.30 + 0.40) + 2.60 * 0.50* 1.125 = 2.51 t/m
Part (bc):
- for triangular : = 0.67 & β = 0.50
- Load for moment:
wult = 1.50 * (0.30 + 0.40) +2 * Ord.* * wsu ( ﻣﺜﻠﺚ2)
= 1.50 * (0.30 + 0.40) +2* 2.60 * 0.67* 1.125 = 4.97 t/m
- Load for shear :
wult = 1.50 * (0.30 + 0.40) +2 * Ord.* β * wsu ( ﻣﺜﻠﺚ2)
= 1.50 * (0.30 + 0.40) +2 * 2.60 * 0.50* 1.125 = 3.97 t/m
For Beam (B7):
wult = 1.50 * (own wt. of beam+ wall loads) + slab part
Page No (-15- )
2nd Civil year – Reinforced Concrete - Notes No (2)
Part (ab) = Part (bc) ﻧﻔﺲ اﻻﺣﻤﺎل وﻧﻔﺲ اﻻﺑﻌﺎد
- for triangular : = 0.67 & β = 0.50
- Load for moment:
wult = 1.50 * (0.30 + 0.40) + Ord.* * wsu ()ﻣﺜﻠﺚ
= 1.50 * (0.30 + 0.40) + 2.60 * 0.67* 1.125 = 3.0 t/m
- Load for shear :
wult = 1.50 * (0.30 + 0.40) + Ord.* β * wsu ()ﻣﺜﻠﺚ
= 1.50 * (0.30 + 0.40) + 2.60 * 0.50* 1.125 = 2.51 t/m
Page No (-16- )
2nd Civil year – Reinforced Concrete - Notes No (2)
: ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ رﺳﻢ اﻟﻌﺰوم وﻗﻮة اﻟﻘﺺ
a- for determinate beams (simple): اﻟﻜﻤﺮات اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة اﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻴﴼ
Page No (-17- )
)2nd Civil year – Reinforced Concrete - Notes No (2
b- for indeterminate beams (continuous beam):
اﻟﻜﻤﺮات اﻟﻐﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة اﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻴﴼ )اﻟﻜﻤﺮات اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮة ﺑﺤﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﺄﻛﺜﺮ(
-1ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﻜﻮد اﻟﻤﺼﺮي :
ﺷﺮوط إﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ :
-1اﻟﻜﻤﺮات ﻣﺘﺴﺎوﻳﺔ اﻟﺒﺤﻮر أو ﻣﺴﻤﻮح ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﺧﺘﻼف ) (%20ﻓﻲ
اﻟﺒﺤﻮر اﻟﻤﺘﺠﺎورة .
- if ≤ .
-2اﻟﻜﻤﺮات ﻣﺘﺴﺎوﻳﺔ اﻻﺣﻤﺎل أو ﻣﺴﻤﻮح ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﺧﺘﻼف )(%20
ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺤﻮر اﻟﻤﺘﺠﺎورة .
( ) ( )
- if ( )
≤ .
-3اﻻﺣﻤﺎل ﻣﻮزﻋﺔ ﺑﺎﻧﺘﻈﺎم ﻋﻠﻲ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻃﻮل اﻟﻜﻤﺮة .
-4اﻟﻜﻤﺮات ﻣﺘﺴﺎوﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﻄﺎع اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻲ .
ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻜﻮد اﻟﻤﺼﺮي ص 43-6او ﻛﺘﺎب د/ﺷﺎﻛﺮ ص 54
) Page No (-18-
2nd Civil year – Reinforced Concrete - Notes No (2)
كمرة بحرين
كمرة أكثر
من بحرين
Page No (-19- )
)2nd Civil year – Reinforced Concrete - Notes No (2
ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﺪم ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺷﺮوط ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﻜﻮد اﻟﻤﺼﺮي ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﺣﺪ
اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﻤﺪروﺳﺔ ﻓﻲ structure
او ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﻜﻮد اﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻲ )ﺷﺎﻛﺮص (54
-ﻳﺘﻢ ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﻌﺰم اﻟﺴﺎﻟﺐ ﻋﻨﺪ اي رﻛﻴﺰة ﺑﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﻴﺔ اﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻦ اﻟﻤﺠﺎورﻳﻦ ﻟﻬﺎ
وﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ :
For example Mb:
Where : ) (L1للبحور الخارجية L´ = L
) (L2 & L3للبحور الداخلية L´ = 0.80L
من الجدول K1 & k2
K1 from table using a1/L1 & K2 from table using a2/L2
a1/L1 or a2/L2 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70
k1 or k2 0.168 0.182 0.176 0.158 0.128
) Page No (-20-
2nd Civil year – Reinforced Concrete - Notes No (2)
ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺟﻮع اﻟﻲ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ
C- Drawing straining actions of all beams:
For Beam (B2):
For Beam (B7):
Page No (-21- )
)2nd Civil year – Reinforced Concrete - Notes No (2
-اﻟﻜﻤﺮة ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺤﺪدة اﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﺎ )ﻛﻤﺮة ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮة ﺑﺎﻛﻴﺘﻴﻦ( وﺗﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ
ﺷﺮوط اﻟﻜﻮد اﻟﻤﺼﺮي ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﺒﺤﻮر واﻻﺣﻤﺎل ﻣﺘﺴﺎوﻳﺔ ﻟﺬا ﻳﺘﻢ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام
اﻟﻜﻮد .
For Beam (B1):
) Page No (-22-
)2nd Civil year – Reinforced Concrete - Notes No (2
-اﻟﻜﻤﺮة ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺤﺪدة اﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﺎ )ﻛﻤﺮة ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮة ﺑﺎﻛﻴﺘﻴﻦ( وﻻ ﺗﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ
ﺷﺮوط اﻟﻜﻮد اﻟﻤﺼﺮي ﺣﻴﺚ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﻼف ﻓﻲ اﻻﺣﻤﺎل اﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ %20ﻟﺬا
ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﻜﻮد اﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻲ .
For moment:
اﻟﻌﺰوم ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺮﻛﻴﺰة ) = (a & cﺻﻔﺮ ﻻﻧﻬﺎ رﻛﺎﺋﺰ ﻃﺮﻓﻴﺔ
ﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﻌﺰوم ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺮﻛﻴﺰة )(b
W1 = 2.51 t/m & W2 = 3.13 t/m
L1= L1´ = 5.60 & L2 = L2´ = 5.60m النھا بواكي خارجية
ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ p1=p2 = 0.0
) Page No (-23-
)2nd Civil year – Reinforced Concrete - Notes No (2
For shear:
ﻳﺘﻢ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ ودراﺳﺔ اﺗﺰان اﻟﻌﺰوم ورﺳﻢ shear force
ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ :
ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﻤﺮات اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻤﻮﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻛﻤﺮات رﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ :
ﻋﻨﺪ رﺳﻢ اﻟﻌﺰوم وﻗﻮي اﻟﻘﺺ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻜﻤﺮات اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻳﺆﺧﺬ رد ﻓﻌﻞ
اﻟﻜﻤﺮة اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮﻳﺔ ) (reaction from shearﻓﻲ اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر .
ﻣﺜﺎل :اﻟﻜﻤﺮة B3 & B1ﻣﺤﻤﻮﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﻜﻤﺮة . B5
) Page No (-24-
