Reinforced Concrete مذكرة
الخرســـــــانــــــة المسـلحــــة رقم )(6
Second Civil Year
الفرقـــــــة الثانيــة مدنـــــــي
Design of section
first principles
2nd Civil year – Reinforced Concrete - Notes No (6)
Design of section (First principles)
(As) ( واﻳﺠﺎد ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢb, t) اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻣﻌﻨﺎه اﻳﺠﺎد اﺑﻌﺎد اﻟﻘﻄﺎع اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻲ
Given: ( fcu & fy & Mu )
Required: ( b & t & As ) ?
: أﻗﺼﻲ وأﻗﻞ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﺢ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﻄﺎع
Maximum and minimum steel reinforcement:
- minimum steel reinforcement (Asmin.) :
b.d
smaller of()اﻻﻗﻞ
1.30As required
Asmin.= max اﻻﻛﺒﺮ 0.25% b.d for mild steel (24/35).
but not less than
ﻻ ﻳﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ 0.15 % b.d for high grade steel (36/52).
- Maximum steel reinforcement (Asmax.) :
Asmax.= max .b.d أﻗﺼﻲ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﺢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﻄﺎع
( اﻟﻜﻮد اﻟﻤﺼﺮي ﺑﻨﺎء ﻋﻠﻲ ﻧﻮع اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪ4-1) ( ﻣﻦ ﺟﺪول max) ﻳﺘﻢ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻲ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ
. اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم
Page No (-1- )
2nd Civil year – Reinforced Concrete - Notes No (6)
. أﻗﺼﻲ ﻋﺰم ﻳﺘﺤﻤﻠﻪ ﻗﻄﺎع ﺑﻪ أﻗﺼﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﺢ ﻓﻲ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ اﻟﺸﺪ ﻓﻘﻂ
Maximum moment of resistance for single reinforced section:
at As = Asmax.= max .b.d
. . .
Mu max. = & from table (4-1).
.
Page No (-2- )
2nd Civil year – Reinforced Concrete - Notes No (6)
1- if depth is known (t) ﻋﻤﻖ اﻟﻘﻄﺎع ﻣﻌﻠﻮم
Given: ( fcu & fy & Mu & b & t )
Required: As ?
Steps of solution
. . .
- get Mu max. =
.
.(single or double) ﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻧﻮع اﻟﻘﻄﺎع
- if Mu max. > Mu (single reinforced section no need to As´).
.
1- Mu = b.a (d- ) get a
2- Tu = cu .
.
As . = . . get As
3- check Asmin.
- if Mu max. < Mu (double reinforced section need to As´).
. ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﻮد ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة ﻟﺤﺴﺎب ﺣﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ
. . .
1- Mu = + As´ . ( d - d´ ) get As´
.
2- As = Asmax. + As´
= max .b.d + As´
3- check Asmin.
Page No (-3- )
2nd Civil year – Reinforced Concrete - Notes No (6)
Example (1):
Given: cross section as shown and
fcu =300 kg/cm2 & fy= 3600 kg/cm2
Mu= 45 t.m
Required: design section for two cases ?
1- t = 75 cm
2- t= 65 cm
Solution
case (1) = t= 75 cm. & d = t -cover = 75 - 5.0 = 70 cm .
. . .
get Mu max. =
.
from table (4-1) with st(36/52) get = 0.194
. ∗ ∗ ∗
Mu max. = ( ) *10 ^ -5 = 47.53 t.m
.
∵ Mu max. (= 47.53) > Mu =( 45 t.m) given
∴ (single reinforced section no need to As´).
.
1- Mu = b.a (d- )
. ∗
45.0*10 ^ 5 = *25*a (70 - )
.
1675 a2 -234500 a +4500000 = 0.0 get a = 22.95 cm
.
- check : = = . >( min. = 0.10) ok.
2-Tu = cu .
.
As . = . .
. ∗
As * = *25*22.95 get As = 24.56 cm2 .
. .
3- check Asmin. = b.d = * 25 * 70 = 5.35 cm2
As = 24.56 cm2 > Asmin. = 5.35 cm2 ok.
Page No (-4- )
2nd Civil year – Reinforced Concrete - Notes No (6)
case (2) t = 65 cm & d = t -cover = 65 - 5.0 = 60 cm .
. . .
get Mu max. =
.
from table (4-1) with st(36/52) get =0.194
. ∗ ∗ ∗
Mu max. = ( ) *10 ^ -5 = 34.92 t.m
.
∵ Mu max. (=34.92) < Mu =( 45 t.m given)
∴ (double reinforced section need to As´).
. . .
1- Mu = + As´ . ( d - d´ ) get As´
.
. ∗ ∗ ∗
45.0 * 10 ^ 5 = ( ) + As´ * *( 60 - 5.0 )
. .
get As´ = 5.86 cm2 .
2- As = Asmax. + As´
= max .b.d + As´
from table (4-1) with st(36/52) get max =5.0*10 -^ 5 * fcu
max =5.0*10 -^ 5 * 300 = 0.015
As = 0.015 *25 * 60 + 5.86 = 28.36 cm2 .
Page No (-5- )
)2nd Civil year – Reinforced Concrete - Notes No (6
)2- if depth is unknown (t ﻋﻤﻖ اﻟﻘﻄﺎع ﻏﻴﺮﻣﻌﻠﻮم
Given: )( fcu & fy & Mu & b
Required: ? As & t
Steps of solution
1- Tu = cu .
.
As . = . . )....(1
) 2- Mu = cu (d-
.
= Mu ) . . (d- )....(2
-ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻣﺠﺎﻫﻴﻞ ) (As & a & dوﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺘﻴﻦ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻻﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺮض
ﻣﺠﻬﻮل ﺑﺪﻻﻟﺔ اﻻﺧﺮ واﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎج ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺔ .
)3- As = .b.d ....(3
- assume min < <max
ﻳﺘﻢ ﻓﺮض ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ) (ﻋﻠﻲ ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب :
1-Balanced condition 2- Minimum Rft. 3- Max Rft. or minimum depth
مطلوب قطاع متزن مطلوب أقل تسليح مطلوب أقصي تسليح أو أقل عمق للقطاع
take take take
=b =min =max
=1.50 max = حسب نوع التسليح )from table (4-1
-ﻻﺣﻆ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ
Mu = Mumax
ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﺮض ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ) (ﻳﺘﻢ ﺣﻞ 3ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﻓﻲ 3ﻣﺠﺎﻫﻴﻞ واﻳﺠﺎد )(As & t
) Page No (-6-
2nd Civil year – Reinforced Concrete - Notes No (6)
Example (2):
Given: cross section as shown and
fcu =250 kg/cm2 & fy= 3600 kg/cm2
Mu= 35 t.m
Required:
1- design the given section ?
2- Redesign section as :
a- balanced section .
b-minimum reinforcement .
c- maximum reinforcement (minimum depth).
Solution
: اﻟﻌﻤﻖ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻌﻠﻮم وﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﻴﺢ
1- assume min < <max
min = = = 0.003 &
max from table (4-1) with st (36/52) get
max =5.0*10 -^ 5 * fcu =5.0*10 -^ 5 * 250 = 0.0125
assume min < <max take = 0.006
& As = .b.d
As = 0.006 * 25 * d = 0.15 d
As = 0.15 d .... (1)
Page No (-7- )
2nd Civil year – Reinforced Concrete - Notes No (6)
2- Tu = cu .
.
As . = . . ....(2)
(2) ﻓﻲ As = 0.15 d ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻋﻦ
. ∗
0.15 d * = ∗ ∗ ....(2)
. .
from (2) get a = 0.168d & a > 0.10d ok.
3- Mu = cu (d- )
.
Mu = . . (d- ) ....(3)
(3) ﻓﻲ a = 0.168 d ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻋﻦ
. ∗ .
35.0 * 10 ^ 5 = ∗ ∗ . (d- )
.
429.6 d2 = 3500000
get d = 90.26 cm take t = d + 5.0 = 90.26 +5.0 =95.26
take t = 95cm.
& As = 0.15 d from (1)
As = 0.15 * 90.26 = 13.54 cm2
Page No (-8- )
2nd Civil year – Reinforced Concrete - Notes No (6)
2- Redesign section as :
a- balanced section .
1- take =b =1.50 max = 1.50 * 0.0125 = 0.01875
& As = .b.d
As = 0.01875* 25 * d = 0.47 d
As = 0.47 d .... (1)
2- Tu = cu .
.
As . = . . ....(2)
(2) ﻓﻲ As = 0.47 d ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻋﻦ
. ∗
0.47 d * = ∗ ∗ ....(2)
. .
from (2) get a = 0.527d & a > 0.10d ok.
3- Mu = cu (d- )
.
Mu = . . (d- ) ....(3)
(3) ﻓﻲ a = 0.527d ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻋﻦ
. ∗ .
35.0 * 10 ^ 5 = ∗ ∗ . (d- )
.
1083.54 d2 = 3500000
get d = 56.83 cm take t = d + 5.0 = 56.83 +5.0 =60.83
take t = 60cm.
& As = 0.47 d from (1)
As = 0.47 * 56.83 = 26.71 cm2
Page No (-9- )
2nd Civil year – Reinforced Concrete - Notes No (6)
2- Redesign section as :
b-minimum reinforcement .
1- take =min =0.003
& As = .b.d
As = 0.003 * 25 * d = 0.075 d
As = 0.075 d .... (1)
2- Tu = cu .
.
As . = . . ....(2)
(2) ﻓﻲ As = 0.075 d ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻋﻦ
. ∗
0.075 d * = ∗ ∗ ....(2)
. .
from (2) get a = 0.084d & a < 0.10d not ok.
take a = 0.10d
3- Mu = cu (d- )
.
Mu = . . (d- ) ....(3)
(3) ﻓﻲ a = 0.10d ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻋﻦ
. ∗ .
35.0 * 10 ^ 5 = ∗ ∗ . (d- )
.
265.21 d2 = 3500000
get d = 114.88 cm take t = d + 5.0 = 114.88 +5.0 =119.88
take t = 120 cm.
& As = 0.075 d from (1)
As = 0.075 * 114.88 = 8.62 cm2
Page No (-10- )
2nd Civil year – Reinforced Concrete - Notes No (6)
2- Redesign section as :
c- maximum reinforcement (minimum depth).
1- take =max =0.0125
& As = .b.d
As = 0.0125 * 25 * d = 0.3125 d
As = 0.3125 d .... (1)
ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻗﺼﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﺢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﻄﺎع ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم أﻗﺼﻲ ﻋﺰم ﻳﺘﺤﻤﻠﻪ اﻟﻘﻄﺎع
. . .
2- Mu max. =
.
from table (4-1) with st(36/52) get = 0.194
. ∗ ∗ ∗
35.0 * 10 ^ 5 = ( ) ....(2)
.
from (2) get d = 65.80
take t = d + 5.0 = 65.80 + 5.0 =70.80cm
take t = 70 cm.
& As = 0.3125 d from (1)
As = 0.3125 * 65.80 = 20.56 cm2
Page No (-11- )
2nd Civil year – Reinforced Concrete - Notes No (6)
Example (3):
Given: cross section as shown and
fcu =250 kg/cm2 & fy= 3600 kg/cm2
Mu= 45 t.m
Required:
design the given section
as a double section with minimum depth ?
Solution
ﻣﻄﻠﻮب أﻗﻞ ﻋﻤﻖ ﻟﻠﻘﻄﺎع واﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺣﺪﻳﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم
1- for minimum depth take = max
from table (4-1) with st (36/52) get
max =5.0*10 -^ 5 * fcu =5.0*10 -^ 5 * 250 = 0.0125
for double reinforced section use As´ ≤ 0.40 As
take As´ = 0.40 As
for double reinforced section As = Asmax + As´
As = max.b.d + 0.40 As
0.60 As = 0.0125 *30*d
As = 0.625 d
As´ = 0.40 As = 0.40 * 0.625 d = 0.25 d .... (1)
Page No (-12- )
2nd Civil year – Reinforced Concrete - Notes No (6)
. . .
2- Mu = + As´ . ( d - d´ ) .... (2)
.
from table (4-1)with st(36/52) get = 0.194
& take d´= 5 cm
(2) ﻓﻲ As´ = 0.25d ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻋﻦ
. ∗ ∗ ∗
45.0 * 10 ^ 5 = ( ) + 0.25d * *( d - 5.0 ) .... (2)
. .
from (2) get 1752.61d2 - 3913.04d - 4500000=0
get d = 51.80 cm & t = d + 5.0 = 51.80 + 5.0 =56.80cm
take t = 60 cm.
get As´ = 0.25d =0.25*51.80= 12.95 cm2 .
get As = 0.625d =0.625*51.80= 32.40 cm2 .
Page No (-13- )
2nd Civil year – Reinforced Concrete - Notes No (6)
Example (4):
for reinforced concrete beam as shown and
fcu= 250 kg/cm2 & fy= 3600 kg/cm2
Required: make complete design for section (1-1 & 2-2) ?
Solution
( ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﻜﻤﺮة ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ اﻻﺣﻤﺎ ل اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدةMu) ﻓﻜﺮة ﺣﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻲ اﻳﺠﺎد اﻟﻌﺰوم
. ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻤﻬﻢ واﻛﻤﺎل اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻋﺎدي
1- draw (b.m.d) for beam :
- for uniform load(w (t/m´)) get ultimate load
wdl = 1.80 t/m ‘
wll = 1.55 t/m´
Page No (-14- )
2nd Civil year – Reinforced Concrete - Notes No (6)
.
= = . > 0.75
.
wu = 1.40 *wdl +1.60* wll = 1.40 *1.80 +1.60* 1.55 = 5.0 t/m‘
- for concentrated load (p (t)) get ultimate load
pdl = 2.30 t/m ‘
pll = 1.70 t/m´
.
= = . < 0.75
.
pu = 1.50 (wdl +wll ) = 1.50* (2.30 +1.70 ) = 6.0 ton
Page No (-15- )
2nd Civil year – Reinforced Concrete - Notes No (6)
section (1-1) : (T - section)
Mu = 7.87 t.m
ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﻘﻄﺎع ﻣﻌﻠﻮم اﻻﺑﻌﺎد ﻳﺠﺐ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ اوﻻ ﻫﻞ اﻟﻘﻄﺎع ﻣﺤﺘﺎج ﺗﺴﻠﻴﺢ ﺿﻐﻂ ام ﻻ ؟
. . .
get Mu max. =
.
from table (4-1) with st(36/52) get = 0.194
. ∗ ∗ ∗
Mu max. = ( ) *10 ^ -5 = 16.36 t.m
.
∵ Mu max. (=16.36) > Mu =( 7.87 t.m) given
∴ (single reinforced section no need to As´).
For (T- section) Assume: (a ≤ ts) (N.A) inside flange
Page No (-16- )
2nd Civil year – Reinforced Concrete - Notes No (6)
.
1- Mu = B.a (d- )
. ∗
7.78*10 ^ 5 = *65*a (45 - )
.
3629.167 a2 -326625 a + 778000 = 0.0 get a = 2.45 cm
.
- check : = = . <( min. = 0.10) not ok.
take a = 0.10d = 0.10*45 = 4.50 cm
- check : = . ≤ = ok. (N.A) inside flange
2-Tu = cu .
.
As . = . .
. ∗
As * = *65*4.50 get As = 10.44 cm2 .
. .
3- check Asmin. = b.d = * 25 * 45 = 3.44 cm2
As = 10.44 cm2 > Asmin. = 3.44 cm2 ok.
Page No (-17- )
2nd Civil year – Reinforced Concrete - Notes No (6)
Section (2-2) : (R - section)
Mu = 14.63 t.m
ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﻘﻄﺎع ﻣﻌﻠﻮم اﻻﺑﻌﺎد ﻳﺠﺐ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ اوﻻ ﻫﻞ اﻟﻘﻄﺎع ﻣﺤﺘﺎج ﺗﺴﻠﻴﺢ ﺿﻐﻂ ام ﻻ ؟
. . .
get Mu max. =
.
from table (4-1) with st(36/52) get = 0.194
. ∗ ∗ ∗
Mu max. = ( ) *10 ^ -5 = 16.36 t.m
.
∵ Mu max. (=16.36) > Mu =( 14.63 t.m) given
∴ (single reinforced section no need to As´).
Page No (-18- )
2nd Civil year – Reinforced Concrete - Notes No (6)
.
1- Mu = b.a (d- )
. ∗
14.63*10 ^ 5 = *25*a (45 - )
.
1395.84 a2 - 125625 a +1463000 = 0.0 get a = 13.74 cm
.
- check : = = . >( min. = 0.10) ok.
2-Tu = cu .
.
As . = . .
. ∗
As * = *25*13.74 get As = 12.25 cm2 .
. .
3- check Asmin. = b.d = * 25 * 45 = 3.44 cm2
As = 12.25 cm2 > Asmin. = 3.44 cm2 ok.
Page No (-19- )
