The document discusses quadratic equations including their general form, roots, and methods to solve quadratic equations. It provides examples of identifying quadratic equations, finding roots, expressing equations in standard form, and solving equations by factorization, formula, and completing the square.
The document discusses quadratic equations including their general form, roots, and methods to solve quadratic equations. It provides examples of identifying quadratic equations, finding roots, expressing equations in standard form, and solving equations by factorization, formula, and completing the square.
The document discusses quadratic equations including their general form, roots, and methods to solve quadratic equations. It provides examples of identifying quadratic equations, finding roots, expressing equations in standard form, and solving equations by factorization, formula, and completing the square.
The document discusses quadratic equations including their general form, roots, and methods to solve quadratic equations. It provides examples of identifying quadratic equations, finding roots, expressing equations in standard form, and solving equations by factorization, formula, and completing the square.
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Pusat Tuisyen Sri Mutiara
01 48 & 02 48, Jalan Pinang 52, Taman Daya
Contact: 07 351 1919 / 013 777 2628 FORM 4
Chapter 2: Quadratic Equation
2.1: Quadratic Equations and Their Roots
The general form of a quadratic equation is + + = , where , and are constants
and x is a variable. Quadratic equation must have the term as the term with the highest power. The roots of a quadratic equation are numerical value which satisfies the quadratic equation.
Example 1: Which of the following is a quadratic equation? Give your reasons
Equations Yes / No Reasons
a) 4 2 + 1 = 0
b) 2 + 7 3 + 2 = 0
1 c) 6 2 2 8
d) 3 2 + 6 = 0
3 e) 22 1 + 9 =
f) 9 2 3 = ()
Example 2: Express the following quadratic equation in the general form of + + = . State the value of a, b and c. a) ( 2) = 6 b) 2( 2 + ) = 4 c) 3( 4) = 7 4
1 (2 1)2 = 3+2 d) (2 6) + 2 = 5 e) f) = ( 1) 4
Example 3: Determine whether the given value of x is a root of the quadratic equation a) 2 2 5 12 = 0, = 4 b) 2 + 6 = 0, = 3
Example 4: Solve each of the following
a) Given 4 is a root of the b) Given 2 is a root of the 1 c) Given 2 is a root of the quadratic equation quadratic equation quadratic equation 2 2 = + 5, find the 2 + 18 = 0, find the 2 2 = 9, find the value of k. value of m. value of k.
2 2.2: Solving Quadratic Equations
A quadratic equation 2 + + = 0 can be solved to determine the roots by
factorization completing the square using a formula The formula for finding the roots of a quadratic equation 2 + + = 0 is
=
Completing the square and formula are used if the quadratic equation cannot be factorized
Example 5: Find the roots of the following equations by factorization
a) 2 + 8 = 6 b) 2 + 9 + 20 = 0 c) 2 3 = 18
d) 2 + 6 = 9 e) 2 2 + 7 = 15 f) 2 2 13 = 24
g) 4 2 + 8 = 5 h) (3 + 1) = 2 i) 4 2 = 4 1
3 Example 6: Solve the following quadratic equation by using the formula and give your answers correct to three decimal places. a) 2 + 5 + 2 = 0 b) 3 2 2 7 = 0
c) 2 3 + 5 = 0 d) 3 2 + 5 + 7 = 0
e) 2 = 7 3 f) 2 + 2 = 4
4 Example 7: Solve the following quadratic equation by using completing the square and give your answers correct to three decimal places. a) 2 + 5 + 2 = 0 b) 3 2 2 7 = 0
c) 2 3 + 5 = 0 d) 3 2 + 5 + 7 = 0
e) 2 = 7 3 f) 2 + 2 = 4
5 HOMEWORK
2.1: Quadratic Equations and Their Roots
1. Identify which of the following equations are quadratic equations.
a) 2 + 3 = 0 b) 5 2 =4 c) ( 5) = 13
d) ( + 2)2 = 0 e) (3 2)(2 2) = 1 f) 3 2 = 12
2. Determine which of the following values of x are the roots of the given quadratic equations.
5. Solve each of the following quadratic equations by completing the square
a) 2 + 7 + 5 = 0 b) 2 + 5 + 5 = 0 c) 2 4 + 2 = 0
d) 2 + 5 9 = 0 e) 2 + 7 + 3 = 0 f) 2 + 8 6 = 0
g) 2 2 + 10 + 9 = 0 h) 3 2 12 + 5 = 0
6. Solve each of the quadratic equations using formula.
a) 3 2 + 8 + 3 = 0 b) 2 2 5 + 1 = 0 c) 4 2 + 7 + 3 = 0
d) 2 5 + 5 = 0 e) 7 2 8 9 = 0 f) 5 + 7 5 2 = 0
6 2.3: Formation of Quadratic Equation from Roots
If and are the roots of a quadratic equations, then the quadratic equation can be written as ( + ) + = or () + () = where SOR = sum of roots, POR = product of roots If and are the roots of a quadratic equations 2 + + = 0, then
= =
Example 8: Determine the sum of roots (SOR) and the product of roots (POR) of the following. a) 2 2 + 5 + 2 = 0 b) 2 2 + 2 5 = 0 c) 2 4 + 2 = 0
7 Example 9: Find the quadratic equation from the given roots a) Roots: 3 2 b) Roots: 5 3 c) Roots: 6
1 3 1 5 d) Roots: 3 2 e) Roots: 2 3 f) Roots: 7
Example 10: Find the quadratic equation from the given roots (Alternative Method) a) Roots: 3 2 b) Roots: 5 3 c) Roots: 6
1 3 1 5 d) Roots: 3 2 e) Roots: 2 3 f) Roots: 7
8 Example 11: Solve each of the following. a) The roots of the quadratic equation 2 2 + b) Given and are the roots of the quadratic + 6 = 12 are 3 and 5. Find the values equation 2 7 + 14 = 0, form a new of p and q. quadratic equation with roots 3 and 3
c) Given and are the roots of the quadratic d) Given and are the roots of the quadratic equation 3 2 15 = 0, form a new equation 4 2 + 3 + 12 = 0, form a new quadratic equation of roots 5 and 5 4 4 quadratic equation with roots and
9 e) Given and 1 are the roots of quadratic f) Given 2 and are the roots of quadratic equation 2 2 6 + = 0, find the values equation 2 + 5 2 = 0, 0, find the of and . values of and .
g) One of the roots of the quadratic equation h) The roots of equation 2 2 + + = 0
2 2 + = 0, 0, is twice the are and 2. Show that 2 = 9 other root. Find the value of and determine the value of the roots.
10 1 j) One of the roots of the quadratic equation i) Given 2 and 2 are the roots of quadratic 2 + + = 0 is three times the other equation 2 2 + + = 0, find the value root. Find relationship between , and . of and .
k) Given and are the roots of quadratic l) Given and are the roots of quadratic equation 3 2 2 4 = 0, form quadratic equation 2 + 20 = 0, form new 2 2 equation with roots ( + ) and ( + ) quadratic equation with roots 2 and 2 .
11 m) If and are the roots of the quadratic equation 3 2 2 4 = 0, form the quadratic equations that have the following roots. 2 2 i) ii) 2 2 ( + ) ( + ) iii) 2 2
12 2.4: Conditions of Different Types of Roots
Given a quadratic equation 2 + + = 0
a) If > , then The equation has two different real roots or The straight line intersects the curve at two distinct / different points
b) If = , then The equation has two equal real roots or The straight line touches the curve at only one point or The straight line is a tangent to the curve
c) If < , then The equation has no real roots or The straight line does not meet the curve
The term discriminant stands for
Example 12: Determine the nature of the roots of each of the following quadratic equations. a) 2 2 7 + 3 = 0 b) 2 6 + 9 = 0 c) 2 + 3 + 7 = 0
13 Example 13: Find the range of value of k if the quadratic equation has two different real roots a) 2 5 + 3 = b) 2 + 6 = 1 c) 2 2 + 4 + = 1
Example 14: Find the range of value of p if the quadratic equation has two equal real roots a) 2 2 + 3 + 6 = b) 2 + + 1 = c) 2 + 2 = 2 + 3
Example 15: Find the range of value of m if the quadratic equation has no real roots a) 3 2 + 2 + 1 = b) 2 2 + 4 + = 1 c) 2 2 + 3 = 2 + 2
14 Example 16: Solve the followings a) Find the range of values of k if the straight b) Find the range of value of p if the straight line = 2 + intersects the curve line = (3 2) does not meet the curve = 2 + 2 at two distinct points. = 2 + 5.
c) Find the values of m if the straight line = ( 3) is a tangent to curve = 2 3 + 1
15 HOMEWORK
2.3: Formation of Quadratic Equation from Roots
1. Form the quadratic equations that have the following roots:
a) 2 and 5 d) 3 and 5 1 g) 3 2
b) -5 and 4 e) -3 only 1 h) 3 3 c) -3 and -6 2 2 f) 3 5 1 2 i) 3 5
2. Find the roots of 2 2 7 + 3 = 0. Hence, form the quadratic equation such that its roots are
two times the roots of the equation 2 2 7 + 3 = 0
3. Find the roots of 10 2 11 6 = 0. Hence, form the quadratic equation such that its roots
are half of the roots of the equation 10 2 11 6 = 0
4. Find the roots of 6 2 5 6 = 0. Hence, form the quadratic equation such that its roots are
of the opposite signs to the roots of the equation 6 2 5 6 = 0
5. Find the roots of 6 2 + 11 10 = 0. Hence, form the quadratic equation such that its roots
are the reciprocal of the roots of the equation 6 2 + 11 10 = 0
6. Find the sum and the product of roots for each of the following quadratic equations.
a) 2 2 + 5 8 = 0 b) 3 2 9 + 8 = 0
7. If and are the roots of the quadratic equation 2 2 + 2 3 = 0, form the quadratic
equation that has the following roots.
1 1 2 2 a) + 2 + 2 b) ( ) ( ) c)
8. If and are the roots of the quadratic equation 2 2 5 + 4 = 0, form the quadratic
equation that has the following roots.
a) (1 + ) (1 + ) b) 1 2 1 2
9. One of the roots of the equation 5 2 + + 1 = 0 is five times the other root.
Find the possible values of k.
16 10. One of the roots of the equation 2 + 9 + = 0 is two times the other root.
Find the value of k.
11. One of the roots of the equation (3 5)( 1) + = 0 is three times the other root.
Find the value of h.
12. One of the roots of the equation 2 2 3 + = 0, 0 is half times the other root.
Find the value of k.
13. One of the roots of the equation 2 + + = 0 is four times the other root.
Find the relation between a, b and c.
14. If one of the roots of the equation 3 2 10 + = 0 is the reciprocal of the other root.
Find the value of k and the roots of the equation.
15. If one of the roots of the equation 2 4 + 27 = 0 is the square of the other root.
Find the value of t.
16. If the roots of the equation 2 + 21 + 10 = 0, 0 are in the ratio 2:5.
Find the possible values of h.
17. The roots of the quadratic equation 15 2 + + 1 = 0 are in the ratio 3:5, find the value of n
if n<0. Hence, find the roots of the equation.
18. Given that and are the roots of the equation 2 + 2 5 = 0, while are the roots
of the equation 2 + 4 + = 0, find the value of k and m.
2.4: Conditions of Different Types of Roots
19. Determine the nature of the roots of each of the following quadratics equations without solving
the equations.
a) 2 2 8 + 3 = 0 d) 2 2 + 6 + 3 = 0
b) 3 2 2 + 9 = 0 e) 3 2 + 6 5 = 0
c) 2 + 10 + 25 = 0 f) 4 2 12 + 9 = 0
17 20. If the quadratic equation 2 2 4 = 2 3 + 2 has two real and distinct roots.
Find the range of values of p.
21. Find the range of values of p if each of the following quadratic equations has two real and
distinct roots.
a) 2( 2 1) = ( 8) b) (5 2) = + 2
22. If the quadratic equation 2 + (3 2) + 5 = 0 does not have any real roots, find the
range of values of h.
23. Find the range of values of k if each of the following quadratic equation does not have any real
roots
a) 3 2 + 1 = 2( + 3) b) ( + 5) 2 + 1 = 8 1
24. If the quadratic equation (4 2) 2 + 3 = 1 + 2 has two real and equal roots, find the
values of m.
25. Find the range of values of m if each of the following quadratic equation has two real and equal
