David Mubayiwa
12596724
Power System Analysis
(301/603)
Name: David Mubayiwa
Student number: 12596724
Title of the experiment: Fault Level Calculations Using
EMTDC/PSCAD
Laboratory group: Monday 13:00-15:00
Laboratory supervisor:
Laboratory partners: Vikas Bhandari
Date performed: 18th May 2015
Due date: 26th May 2015
Date submitted: 26th May 2015
I hereby declare that this report is entirely my own work and has not been copied from any
other student or past student. (Font: Times New Roman 12 Italic)
Student signature: ----------------------------------------------------------
David Mubayiwa
12596724
Introduction
This experiment is about to investigate how to use a commercial software
program to calculate fault levels and extended applications.
.
Aims and Objectives
The aim of this laboratory was to demonstrate student how to use of
PSCAD software program to calculate fault levels and extended
applications.
David Mubayiwa
12596724
Apparatus
PSCAD software
Printer
Method
1. Using the system data given in Table 1 and the impedance diagrams
shown in Figures 2-4, compute the positive, negative and zero sequence Ybus matrices.
2. Invert the Y-bus matrices to obtain the Z-bus matrices and the Thevenin
impedances for each bus.
3. Run the PSCAD program.
4. Choose the fault location, type, start time and duration as per the
instructor given values.
5. Calculate the rms fault current sequence components.
Theory and Circuits
Figure 1 4-bus power system
Table 1 4 Bus System Data
David Mubayiwa
12596724
Figure 2 Positive Sequence Diagram
Figure 3 Negative Sequence Diagram
Figure 4 Zero Sequence Diagram
David Mubayiwa
12596724
Figure 5 Fault location, fault type, fault start time and fault duration selectors in PSCAD
Results
No Fault Results
Figure 6 No Fault Current
Figure 7 No Fault Voltages
David Mubayiwa
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Phase A to Ground Results
Figure 8 Phase A to Ground Current
Figure 9 Phase A to Ground Voltages
Phase AB to Ground Results
Figure 10 Phase AB to Ground Current
David Mubayiwa
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Figure 11 Phase AB to Ground Voltage
Phase ABC to Ground
Figure 12 Phase ABC to Ground Currents
Figure 13 Phase ABC to Ground Voltages
Phase AB Results
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Figure 14 Phase AB Currents
Figure 15 Phase AB Voltages
Phase ABC Results
Figure 16 Phase ABC Currents
David Mubayiwa
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Figure 17 Phase ABC Voltages
Discussion
According to the data listed in lab sheet, when bus 3 is fault we can obtain:
Z TH (1)=Z TH (2)= j0.15 pu
Z TH (0)= j 0.1 pu
For single line to ground fault
I a1 =I a 2 =I a 0 =
Ea
1
=
= j 2.5 pu
(
)
(
)
(
)
j
(0.15+0.15+
0.1)
Z TH 1 + Z TH 2 + Z TH 0
[ ] [ ][ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
Ia
1 1 1 I a0
1 1 1 j 2.5 j7.5
2
pu
I b = 1 a a I a 1 = 1 a2 a . j 2.5 = 0
2
2
0
Ic
1 a a I a2
1 a a j 2.5
David Mubayiwa
12596724
[ ][][
V a0
0
j 0.1
V a1 = 1 0
0
0
V a2
0
j 0.15
0
][ ] [ ]
I a0
0
0.25
0
I a 1 = 0.625 pu
j 0.15 I a 2 0.375
So
[ ] [ ][ ] [
V ag 1 1 1 0.25
0
2
V bg = 1 a a 0.625 = 0.944 113.4 pu
0.944 113.4
V cg 1 a a2 0.375
For double line to ground fault
I a1 =
Ea
1
=
= j 4.76 pu
Z TH ( 1 ) +Z TH ( 2 ) Z TH ( 0 ) j 0.15+ j 0.015
j 0.25
ZTH ( 2 ) + ZTH ( 0 )
V a 1=V a 2=V a 0=
I a 0=
Va
=EaI a 1 Z TH ( 1 ) =1( j 4.76 ) ( j 0.15 )=0.286 pu
3
V a 0
= j 2.86 pu
Z TH ( 0 )
I a2 =
V a 2 0.286
=
= j1.9 pu
Z TH (2 ) j 0.15
]
[ ] [ ][ ] [ ] [ ] [
[ ] [ ][ ] [ ][ ] [ ]
Ia
1 1 1 I a0
1 1 1
j 2.857
0
2
I b = 1 a a I a 1 = 1 a2 a . j 4.762 = 7.190 143.4 pu
j 1.905
7.190 36.6
Ic
1 a a2 I a2
1 a a2
V ag 1 1 1 V a 0 1 1 1 0.286
0.858
2
2
=
.
=
.
=
V bg 1 a a V a 1 1 a a 0.286
0 pu
2
2
0
V cg 1 a a V a 2 1 a a 0.286
For line to line fault
David Mubayiwa
12596724
I a1 =
Ea
1
th
Z +Z
2
th
1
= j 3.333 pu
j 0.15+ j0.15
I a 0=0 I a 2=I a 1= j3.33 pu
[ ] [ ][ ] [ ][ ] [ ]
][ ] [ ]
[ ][][
Ia
1 1 1 I a0
1 1 1
0
0
2
I b = 1 a a I a 1 = 1 a2 a 3.33 = 5.77 pu
5.77
Ic
1 a a2 I a2
1 a a2 3.33
V a0
0
j 0.1
V a1 = 1 0
0
0
V a2
0
j0.15
0
I a0
0
0
0
I a 1 = 0.5005 pu
j 0.15 I a 2
0.4995
And
[ ] [ ][ ] [ ]
V ag 1 1 1
0
1
V bg = 1 a2 a 0.5005 = 0.5 pu
V cg 1 a a2 0.4995 0.5
In this experience, the fault analysis is analysed by PSCAD software in numerical analysis
applied to power system. PSCAD shows the waveforms for various levels of fault type in a
suggested bus and phase. Different fault type produce different waveforms.
Q1
The calculated results show that the most severe fault type is the single line to ground fault.
The current through phase A is j7.5pu, which is j19.69kA, comparing to other two types of
faults line to line fault and double line to ground fault.
Q2
David Mubayiwa
12596724
If for single line to ground fault is j7.5pu.
If for line to line fault is j7.19pu.
If for double line to ground fault is j0.85pu.
Q3
I a1 =
Ea
Z TH (1)+ Z TH ( 0 ) Z TH ( 2 )
I a 0=
V a 0
Z TH ( 0 )
I a2 =
V a 2
Z TH (2 )
100
+ j0.12 = j0.1289
50
100
+ j 0.12 = j 0.132
50
Z TH ( 1 )=Z TH (1 ) Z 144= j 0.15 j0.4
Z TH ( 2 )=Z TH (1 ) Z244= j 0.15 j 0.45
Z TH ( 0 ) = j 0.07
V a 1=V a 2=V a 0=Ea I a1 Z TH ( 1 ) =0.259 pu
I a 1= j 5.7
I a 2= j2
I a 0= j3.71
Thus
[ ] [ ][ ] [ ] [ ]
[ ] [ ][ ] [ ][ ] [ ]
Ia
1 1 1 I a 0 1 1 1 j 3.71
0
2
2
I b = 1 a a I a 1 =1 a a j5.7 = 8.7 140.28 pu
8.7 39.72
Ic
1 a a 2 I a 2 1 a a2 j 2
V ag 1 1 1 V a 0 1 1 1 0.259
0.778
V bg = 1 a2 a . V a 1 = 1 a2 a . 0.259 = 0 pu
0
V cg 1 a a2 V a 2 1 a a2 0.259
David Mubayiwa
12596724
Conclusions
To conclude, the fault analysis is an important tool applied to power
system by comparing the voltage and current waveform when the
difference faults happened at difference bus. Students in this experiment
analyse the power flow and calculate fault by using PSCAD program, thus
this laboratory is successful.
