‫ﻣﺤﺎﺿﺮات ﻓﻲ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻹﺳﺘﺸﻌﺎر ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ‬

‫اﻝﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ‪ERDAS IMAGINE‬‬ ‫ﺑﺈﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻝ ﻧﺎ‬

‫ﺈ ﺘﺨ ا‬

‫اﻝﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬
‫ﺮض ﺒﻴ‬‫ﻋﺮض‬
‫وﺳﺎم اﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
 ‫ﻓﺘﺢ اﻝﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬

‫ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪ Start‬إﺧﺘﺎر ‪ All Programs‬وﻣﻨﻬﺎ إﺧﺘﺎر ‪ ERDAS IMAGINE‬وﻣﻨﻬﺎ ‪ERDAS‬‬ ‫•‬
‫‪.IMAGINE‬‬

‫اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ – اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ – ﺹﻔﺤﺔ رﻗﻢ ‪ - 2‬اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻟﻼﺡﻘﺔ – اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻷﺧﻴﺮة‬
 ‫واﺟﻬﺔ اﻝﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬

‫‪Menus‬‬ ‫‪Viewer‬‬ ‫‪Icon Panel‬‬

‫اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ – اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ – ﺹﻔﺤﺔ رﻗﻢ ‪ - 3‬اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻟﻼﺡﻘﺔ – اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻷﺧﻴﺮة‬
 ‫إﻧﺸﺎء ﻣﺠﻠﺪ ﻝﺤﻔﻆ اﻝﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬

‫ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪ Session‬ﻳﺨﺘﺎر اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم ‪ Preference‬وهﻲ اﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻀﺒﻂ ﺕﻔﻀﻴﻼت اﻟﺒﺮﻥﺎﻣﺞ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺕﻈﻬﺮ اﻟﻨﺎﻓﺬة ‪ Preference Editor‬اﻟﻤﺒﻴﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻳﺘﺄآﺪ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻣﻦ أن ﻓﺌﺔ اﻟﺘﻔﻀﻴﻼت اﻟﻤﺒﻴﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪ Category‬هﻲ ‪.User Interface & Session‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﺨﺎﻥﺔ ‪ Default Data Directory‬ﻳﻘﻮم اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺑﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ إﺱﻢ اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥﺎت‪.‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﺨﺎﻥﺔ ‪ Default Output Directory‬ﻳﻘﻮم اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺑﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ إﺱﻢ اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ اﻟﺬي ﺱﻮف ﻳﺘﻠﻘﻰ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥﺎت‬ ‫•‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟ ﺎﻟ ﺔ‬
‫ﻳﻨﻘﺮ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎح ‪ User Save‬أو ‪ Global Save‬ﺡﺴﺐ إﻣﻜﺎﻥﻴﺎت ﺡﺴﺎب اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲ ﻥﻈﺎم اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬

‫اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ – اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ – ﺹﻔﺤﺔ رﻗﻢ ‪ - 4‬اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻟﻼﺡﻘﺔ – اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻷﺧﻴﺮة‬
 ‫اﻝـ ‪Viewer‬‬

‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ‪ Viewer‬ﻟﻌﺮض اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥﺎت )اﻟﻤﺮﺋﻴﺎت‪ /‬اﻟﺼﻮر(‪.‬‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ إﺱﺘﺪﻋﺎء اﻟـ ‪ Viewer‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﻨﻘﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻵﻳﻘﻮﻥﺔ اﻟﻤﺒﻴﻨﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻳﻈﻬﺮ اﻟـ ‪ Viewer‬اﻟﻤﺒﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫•‬

‫اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ – اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ – ﺹﻔﺤﺔ رﻗﻢ ‪ - 5‬اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻟﻼﺡﻘﺔ – اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻷﺧﻴﺮة‬
 ‫ﻋﺮض ﺻﻮرة ﻓﻲ ﻧﻤﻂ اﻝﺘﺪرج اﻝﺮﻣﺎدي ‪Gray Scale‬‬

‫ﻟﻌﺮض ﺻﻮرة ﻓﻲ ﻥﻤﻂ اﻟﺘﺪرج اﻟﺮﻣﺎدي ﻳﺘﺒﻊ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﺨﻄﻮات اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻓﺘﺢ ‪Viewer‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪ File‬ﻓﻲ ﻥﺎﻓﺬة ‪ Viewer‬ﻳﺨﺘﺎر اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم ‪ Open‬وﻣﻨﻬﺎ ‪.Raster Layer‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺕﻈﻬﺮ ﻥﺎﻓﺬة ‪ Select Layer to Add‬اﻟﻤﺒﻴﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫•‬

‫اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ – اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ – ﺹﻔﺤﺔ رﻗﻢ ‪ - 6‬اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻟﻼﺡﻘﺔ – اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻷﺧﻴﺮة‬
 ‫ﻋﺮض ﺻﻮرة ﻓﻲ ﻧﻤﻂ اﻝﺘﺪرج اﻝﺮﻣﺎدي ‪Gray Scale‬‬

‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺒﻮﻳﺐ ‪ File‬إﺧﺘﺎر اﻟﻤﻠﻒ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺼﻮرة اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب ﻓﺘﺤﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬
‫إﻥﺘﻘﻞ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺘﺒﻮﻳﺐ ‪.Raster Options‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻮﻥﺔ ‪ Display as‬إﺧﺘﺎر ‪.Gray scale‬‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻮﻥﺔ ‪ Layer‬أﺧﺘﺎر رﻗﻢ اﻟﻨﻄﺎق اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب ﻋﺮﺽﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬

‫أﻥﻘﺮ اﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎح ‪ Ok‬ﻟﺘﻈﻬﺮ اﻟﺼﻮرة ﻓﻲ اﻟـ ‪.Viewer‬‬ ‫•‬

‫اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ – اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ – ﺹﻔﺤﺔ رﻗﻢ ‪ - 7‬اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻟﻼﺡﻘﺔ – اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻷﺧﻴﺮة‬
 ‫ﻋﺮض ﺻﻮرة ﻓﻲ ﻧﻤﻂ اﻝﺘﺪرج اﻝﺮﻣﺎدي ‪Gray Scale‬‬

‫ﻣﺎ هﻮ اﻟﻨﻄﺎق ‪ Band‬اﻟﻤﻌﺮوض ﻓﻲ اﻟـ ‪Viewer‬؟‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻲ ﻳﻐﻄﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﻄﻴﻔﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻲ ﺝﻤﻊﻊ هﺬﻩ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥﺎت هﻮ ‪ Landsat ETM+‬ﻣﺎ هﻲ‬ ‫إذا آﺎن اﻟﻤﺠﺲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪمم ﻓﻲ‬ ‫•‬
‫هﺬا اﻟﻨﻄﺎق‪ ،‬وﻣﺎ هﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ ﻗﺮاءﺕﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺮ هﺬا اﻟﻨﻄﺎق؟‬
‫ﻣﺎ هﻮ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ اﻟﻠﻮن اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻌﺮض آﻞ ﺻﻮرة؟‬ ‫•‬

‫اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ – اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ – ﺹﻔﺤﺔ رﻗﻢ ‪ - 8‬اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻟﻼﺡﻘﺔ – اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻷﺧﻴﺮة‬
 ‫اﻝﻤﻬﺎرات اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻹﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻝـ ‪Viewer‬‬

‫اﻟﺘﻜﺒﻴﺮ ﻟﻤﺮآﺰ اﻟﺼﻮرة‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮ – ﻟﻠﺨﺮوج ﻣﻦ أي وﻇﻴﻔﺔ‬

‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟاﻟﺼﻮرة‬
‫ﺡﻔﺾ أأي ﺕﻐﻴﺮات ﻠ‬
‫ﻔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻜﺒﻴﺮ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻠﻲ ‪Zoom In‬‬

‫اﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻲ ‪Zoom Out‬‬

‫اﻟﺘﺼﻐﻴﺮ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻠﻲ‬

‫ﻓﺘﺢ اﻟﺼﻮرة ‪ -‬اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﺕﺤﺮﻳﻚ اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ ‪Pan -‬‬

‫إﻏﻼق اﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ اﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻜﺒﻴﺮ ﻟﻠﺤﺠﻢ اﻷﻣﺜﻞ ‪Zoom Reset‬‬

‫ﻣﺴﺢ آﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎت اﻟـ ‪Viewer‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺼﻐﻴﺮ ﻟﻤﺮآﺰ اﻟﺼﻮرة‬

‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻷدوات اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺥﻼل اﻟﻨﻘﺮ اﻟﻴﻤﻴﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺼﻮرة‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ – اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ – ﺹﻔﺤﺔ رﻗﻢ ‪ - 9‬اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻟﻼﺡﻘﺔ – اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻷﺧﻴﺮة‬
 ‫اﻝﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ ‪Inquire Cursor‬‬

‫هﺬﻩ اﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﺕﺴﺎﻋﺪ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻌﺮف ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﺒﻜﺴﻞ ﻓﻲ آﻞ ﻥﻄﺎق ﺑﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻮﺽﻌﻪ اﻟﺠﻐﺮاﻓﻲ إﻣﺎ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺕﻔﺎﻋﻠﻴًﺎ أو ﺑﺘﺤﺮﻳﺮ إﺡﺪاﺛﻴﺎت اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺨﺎﻥﺎت اﻟﻤﺨﺼﺼﺔ‪.‬‬
‫أﻻﻳﻘﻮﻥﺔ‬
‫ﻰ ﻳﻮ‬ ‫ﻹﺱﺘﺪﻋﺎء هﺬﻩ ﻮ ﻴ‬
‫اﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﻳﻳﻨﻘﺮﺮ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪمم ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻹ‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻠﻳﻠﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮﺽﺤﺔ ﻓ ﺎ‬
‫ﺕﻈﻬﺮ اﻟﻨﺎﻓﺬة اﻟ ﺽ ﺔ‬
‫ﺕﻈ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺧﺎﻥﺎت ﺕﻌﻴﻴﻦ اﻹﺡﺪاﺛﻴﺎت‬

‫ﺑﻴﺎﻥﺎت اﻟﻨﻄﺎق اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬

‫اﻟﻤﺆﺵﺮﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻮﻗﻊﻊ ﺆ‬
‫ﺕﺤﺮﻳﻚ ﻮ‬
‫أدوات ﺮﻳ‬
‫و‬
‫ﻣﻮﻗﻊ اﻟﻤﺆﺵﺮ‬

‫اﻟﻤﺆﺵﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻮﻗﻊ اﻟ ﺆﺵ‬
‫ﺪاﺛﻴﺎت ﻗ‬
‫إإﺡﺪاﺛﻴﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ – اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ – ﺹﻔﺤﺔ رﻗﻢ ‪ - 10‬اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻟﻼﺡﻘﺔ – اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻷﺧﻴﺮة‬
 ‫اﻝﻘﻴﺎﺳﺎت ‪Measurements‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱﺎت هﻮ ﺕﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻷﻃﻮال واﻟﻤﺴﺎﺡﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺼﻮرة اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﺪﻟﺔ ﺝﻐﺮاﻓﻴًﺎ ‪.Georeferenced‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻹﺱﺘﺪﻋﺎء هﺬﻩ اﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﻳﻨﻘﺮ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻋﻠﻰ اﻵﻳﻘﻮﻥﺔ‬ ‫•‬

‫ﺕﻈﻬﺮ اﻟﻨﺎﻓﺬة اﻟﻤﺒﻴﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻲ اﻟﻘﻴﺎس‬
‫ﻟﻀﺒﻂ اﻟﻮﺡﺪات اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪ edit‬ﻳﺨﺘﺎر اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم ‪set units‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺕﻈﻬﺮ ﻥﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﻘﻴﺎس ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﺎﻓﺬة‬ ‫•‬

‫اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ – اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ – ﺹﻔﺤﺔ رﻗﻢ ‪ - 11‬اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻟﻼﺡﻘﺔ – اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻷﺧﻴﺮة‬
 ‫أداة ‪Profile‬‬

‫ﺕﺴﺘﺨﺪم هﺬﻩ اﻷداة ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ أﻥﻮاع اﻟﻤﻘﺎﻃﻊ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ وﻳﻤﻜﻦ إﺱﺘﺪﻋﺎءهﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﻨﻘﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻵﻳﻘﻮﻥﺔ‬ ‫•‬

‫ﺕﻈﻬﺮ اﻟﻨﺎﻓﺬة اﻟﻤﺒﻴﻨﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ وهﻲ ﺕﺴﺄل اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻋﻦ ﻥﻮع اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻳﺒﻴﻦ اﻟﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻹﻥﻌﻜﺎس اﻟﻄﻴﻔﻲ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻳﺨﺘﺎر اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم ‪ Spatial‬ﺛﻢ ﻳﻨﻘﺮ اﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎح ‪.ok‬‬ ‫•‬

‫اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ – اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ – ﺹﻔﺤﺔ رﻗﻢ ‪ - 12‬اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻟﻼﺡﻘﺔ – اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻷﺧﻴﺮة‬
 ‫اﻝﻤﻘﻄﻊ اﻝﺨﻄﻲ ‪Spatial Profile‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻘﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻔﺘﺎح ‪ Ok‬ﺕﻈﻬﺮ اﻟﻨﺎﻓﺬة اﻟﻤﺒﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﺡﺎﻟﺔ وﺝﻮد أآﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ‪ Band‬ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺕﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻨﻄﺎق اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب دراﺱﺔ ﺕﻐﻴﺮ اﻹﻥﻌﻜﺎس اﻟﻄﻴﻔﻲ ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫•‬
‫رﻗﻢ اﻟﻨﻄﺎق ﻓﻓﻲ ‪.Plot Layer‬‬‫ﺕﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻗ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﺕ ﺪﻳﺪ‬
‫ﻦ‬
‫ﺛﻢ ﻳﻘﻮم ﺑﺮﺱﻢ اﻟﻤﺴﺎر اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب دراﺱﺔ اﻟﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻓﻮق‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻘﺮ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻋﻠﻰ أداة رﺱﻢ اﻟﻤﺴﺎر اﻟﻤﺒﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫•‬
‫اﻟﺼﻮرة‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ – اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ – ﺹﻔﺤﺔ رﻗﻢ ‪ - 13‬اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻟﻼﺡﻘﺔ – اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻷﺧﻴﺮة‬
 ‫اﻝﻤﻘﻄﻊ اﻝﺨﻄﻲ ‪Spatial Profile‬‬

‫ﻣﺴﻘﻂ اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ‬
‫ﻓﻮق اﻟﺼﻮرة‬ ‫ﺵﻜﻞ اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ‬

‫اﻟﻨﺎﻓﺬة اﻟﻤﺒﻴﻨﺔ هﻲ اﻟﻨﺎﻓﺬة اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ ﺡﻴﺚ ﻳﺒﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺤﻮر اﻷﻓﻘﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﻘﺎﺱﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ رﺱﻢ ﻣﺴﻘﻂ‬ ‫•‬
‫اﻟﻤﺤﺪد ﻓﻓﻲ ‪Pl t‬‬
‫‪Plot‬‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻜﺴﻞ ﻓﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻄﺎق اﻟ ﺪد‬
‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ اﻟ ﻜ ﻞ‬
‫ﻓﻴﺒﻴﻦ ﻗ ﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺮأﺱﻲ ﻓ ﻦ‬‫أﻣﺎ اﻟاﻟﻤﺤﻮر اﻟ أ‬
‫ﻥﻬﺎﻳﺘﻪ‪ ،‬أ ﺎ‬
‫وﺡﺘﻰ ﻥ ﺎ ﺘﻪ‬
‫اﻟﺼﻮرة ﺘ‬
‫ة‬ ‫ﻓﻮق اﻟ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ ﻓ ق‬
‫اﻟ ﻘﻄ‬
‫‪.Layer‬‬

‫اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ – اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ – ﺹﻔﺤﺔ رﻗﻢ ‪ - 14‬اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻟﻼﺡﻘﺔ – اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻷﺧﻴﺮة‬
 ‫اﻝﻤﻘﻄﻊ اﻝﻤﺴﺎﺡﻲ ‪Surface Profile‬‬

‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم أن ﻳﺨﺘﺎر ‪ Surface Profile‬ﻹﻥﺘﺎج ﻥﻤﻮذج ﺛﻼﺛﻲ اﻵﺑﻌﺎد ﻣﺒﺴﻂ ﻳﻌﺒﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻹﻥﻌﻜﺎس اﻷرض‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻣﺴﺎﺡﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷرض‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺒﻴﻨﺔ‬
‫ﻬﺮ اﻟﻨﺎﻓﺬة ﺒﻴ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ إ ﻴ‬
‫إﺧﺘﻴﺎرر ‪ Surface Profile‬ﺕﻈﻬﺮ‬ ‫•‬

‫ﺛﻢ ﻳﺮﺱﻢ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺡﺔ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب دراﺱﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻮق اﻟﺼﻮرة‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻨﻔﺲ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻳﻨﻘﺮ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻋﻠﻰ اﻵﻳﻘﻮﻥﺔ‬ ‫•‬

‫اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ – اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ – ﺹﻔﺤﺔ رﻗﻢ ‪ - 15‬اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻟﻼﺡﻘﺔ – اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻷﺧﻴﺮة‬
 ‫اﻝﻤﺴﻘﻂ اﻝﻤﺴﺎﺡﻲ ‪Surface Profile‬‬

‫ﺱﻘﻂ اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ‬
‫ﺵﻜﻞ اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺼﻮرة‬‫ﻋﻠ‬

‫ﺕﺒﻴﻦ اﻟﻨﺎﻓﺬة ﺵﻜﻞ اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ ﺛﻼﺛﻲ اﻵﺑﻌﺎد‪ ،‬ﺡﻴﺚ ﺕﺸﻴﺮ أرﺽﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ إﻟﻰ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ اﻟﺒﻜﺴﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻤﻮد ‪Column‬‬ ‫•‬
‫واﻟﺼﻒ ‪،Row‬أﻣﺎ اﻟﻤﺤﻮر اﻟﺮأﺱﻲ ﻓﻴﺸﻴﺮ إﻟﻰ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﺒﻜﺴﻞ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ – اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ – ﺹﻔﺤﺔ رﻗﻢ ‪ - 16‬اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻟﻼﺡﻘﺔ – اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻷﺧﻴﺮة‬
 ‫ﻋﺮض ﺻﻮرة ﻓﻲ ﻧﻤﻂ ﻣﺘﻌﺪد اﻝﻨﻄﺎﻗﺎت ‪Multispectral‬‬

‫ﻟﻌﺮض ﺻﻮرة ﻓﻲ ﻥﻤﻂ اﻟﺘﺪرج اﻟﺮﻣﺎدي ﻳﺘﺒﻊ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﺨﻄﻮات اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻓﺘﺢ ‪Viewer‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪ File‬ﻓﻲ ﻥﺎﻓﺬة ‪ Viewer‬ﻳﺨﺘﺎر اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم ‪ Open‬وﻣﻨﻬﺎ ‪.Raster Layer‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺕﻈﻬﺮ ﻥﺎﻓﺬة ‪ Select Layer to Add‬إﺧﺘﺮ اﻟﺼﻮرة اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب ﻓﺘﺤﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻹﻥﺘﻘﺎل إﻟﻰ ﺕﺒﻮﻳﺐ ‪Raster Options‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺕﻈﻬﺮ اﻟﻨﺎﻓﺬة اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬

‫اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ – اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ – ﺹﻔﺤﺔ رﻗﻢ ‪ - 17‬اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻟﻼﺡﻘﺔ – اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻷﺧﻴﺮة‬
 ‫ﻋﺮض ﺻﻮرة ﻓﻲ ﻧﻤﻂ ﻣﺘﻌﺪد اﻝﻨﻄﺎﻗﺎت ‪Multispectral‬‬

‫إﺧﺘﺎر اﻟﻨﻤﻂ ‪ True Color‬ﻟﻌﺮض اﻟﺼﻮرة‪.‬‬ ‫•‬

‫ﺡﺪد اﻟﻨﻄﺎق اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب ﻋﺮض آﻨﻄﺎق أﺡﻤﺮ ﻓﻲ ‪ Red‬وآﺬﻟﻚ ‪ Green‬و ‪.Blue‬‬ ‫•‬
‫أﻥﻘﺮ اﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎح ‪ Ok‬ﻟﺘﻈﻬﺮ اﻟﺼﻮرة‪.‬‬ ‫•‬

‫اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ – اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ – ﺹﻔﺤﺔ رﻗﻢ ‪ - 18‬اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻟﻼﺡﻘﺔ – اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻷﺧﻴﺮة‬
 ‫اﻝﺘﺮآﻴﺐ اﻝﻠﻮﻧﻲ اﻝﺰاﺋﻒ ‪False Color Composite‬‬

‫ﺕﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﻟﻠﻌﻴﻦ اﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ ﺕﻤﻴﻴﺰ ﻋﺪد آﺒﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻟﻮان‪.‬‬ ‫•‬

‫آﻞ هﺬﻩ اﻷﻟﻮان ﺕﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺕﺮآﻴﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ أﻟﻮان )اﻷﺡﻤﺮ – اﻷزرق – اﻷﺧﻀﺮ( ﺑﺪرﺝﺎت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻜﻮﻣﺒﻴﻮﺕﺮ ﻣﺤﺎآﺎة ﺕﺮآﻴﺐ اﻷوان ﺑﻮاﺱﻄﺔ ﺧﻠﻂ هﺬﻩ اﻷﻟﻮان اﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ إﺱﺘﻐﻼل هﺬﻩ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﺕﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻥﻄﺎق ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻟﻮن‪ ،‬ﻋﻨﺪﺋﺬ ﺕﻜﻮن ﻗﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﺒﻜﺴﻞ )اﻟﻤﻤﻴﺰة ﻟﺸﺪة‬ ‫•‬
‫اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﻌﻜﺴﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺱﻄﺢ اﻷرض( هﻲ ﻥﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻠﻮن‪.‬‬
‫‪F l Color‬‬
‫‪False‬‬ ‫‪C l‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ أأﺱﻢ‬
‫اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ اﻟ ﻘﺎ ﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻨﻄﺎﻗﺎت اﻟﻄ ﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺮآﻴﺒﻬﺎ ﻥﻄﺎﻗﺎت ﻏ‬
‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﺘ آ ﺎ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺨﺪ‬‫اﻟﺼﻮرة اﻟﺘ‬
‫ة‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟ‬
‫ﻳﻄﻠﻖ ﻠ‬
‫ﻄﻠﻖ‬ ‫•‬
‫‪.Composite‬‬

‫‪Pixel Val.‬‬
‫‪Val 100 in IR‬‬ ‫‪Red Gun‬‬

‫‪Composition‬‬ ‫‪Pixel in FCC colored‬‬

‫‪Pixel Val. 120 in R‬‬ ‫‪Green Gun‬‬ ‫)‪with RGB(100,120,12‬‬

‫‪Pixel Val.‬‬
‫‪Val 12 in G‬‬ ‫‪Bl Gun‬‬
‫‪Blue‬‬ ‫‪G‬‬

‫اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ – اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ – ﺹﻔﺤﺔ رﻗﻢ ‪ - 19‬اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻟﻼﺡﻘﺔ – اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻷﺧﻴﺮة‬
 ‫اﻝﻘﻄﺎع اﻝﻄﻴﻔﻲ ‪Spectral Profile‬‬

‫ﺑﺈﺱﺘﺨﺪام أداة ‪ Profile‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﺘﻌﺮف ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﺼﻤﺔ اﻟﻄﻴﻔﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺒﻌﺜﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻜﺴﻞ ﺑﻌﻴﻨﺔ وذﻟﻚ ﺑﺈﺧﺘﻴﺎر ‪Spectral‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺕﻨﺒﻴﻪ‪ :‬هﺬﻩ اﻹﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﻳﻠﺰﻣﻪ وﺝﻮد ﺻﻮرة ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة اﻟﻨﻄﺎﻗﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻗﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟـ ‪.Viewer‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ إﺧﺘﻴﺎر هﺬﻩ اﻷداة ﺕﻈﻬﺮ اﻟﻨﺎﻓﺬة اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫•‬

‫ﺕﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‬
‫ﻣﻮﻗﻊ اﻟ ﻘﻄﻊ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ‬ ‫ﺕﻮﻗﻴﻊ ﻗﻊ‬
‫أداة ﺕ ﻗﻴﻊ‬

‫ﺑﺘﻮﻗﻴﻊ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻠﻤﺤﻞ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب دراﺱﺘﻪ ﺕﻈﻬﺮ اﻟﻨﺎﻓﺬة اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫•‬

‫اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ – اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ – ﺹﻔﺤﺔ رﻗﻢ ‪ - 20‬اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻟﻼﺡﻘﺔ – اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻷﺧﻴﺮة‬
 ‫اﻝﻘﻄﺎع اﻝﻄﻴﻔﻲ ‪Spectral Profile‬‬

‫ﺵﻜﻞ‬
‫ﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻘﻄﺎع‬
‫اﻟﻄﻴﻔﻲ‬

‫ﻣﻮﻗﻊ‬
‫أﺡﺪ‬
‫اﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎت‬

‫اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ – اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ – ﺹﻔﺤﺔ رﻗﻢ ‪ - 21‬اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻟﻼﺡﻘﺔ – اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻷﺧﻴﺮة‬
 ‫أﺳﺌﻠﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﺮاﺟﻌﺔ‬

‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﻳﺒﻴﻦ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻃﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ ،‬اﻟﻨﻄﺎﻗﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ هﻲ )‪(1،2،3،4،5،7‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺲ ‪ TM‬ﺡﺎول أن ﺕﺘﻨﺒﺄ ﺑﺎﻟﻈﺎهﺮة اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﺜﻠﻬﺎ آﻞ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻃﻴﻔﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﻮرة‪.‬‬

‫إرﺕﻔﺎع‬
‫ﻣﺘﻮﺱﻂ إ ﺕﻔﺎ‬
‫ﺕﻤﺜﻞ ﺘ ﻂ‬
‫ﻋﺪدﻳﺔ ﺕ ﺜﻞ‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗ ﺔ‬
‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺘﻮي ﻠ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻪ ﺘ‬
‫ﺑﻜﺴﻞ ﻓ ﻪ‬
‫واﺡﺪ ﻓﻘﻂ آﻞ ﻜ ﻞ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻥﻄﺎق ا‬
‫ﺕﺤﺘﻮي ﻠ‬
‫ﺻﻮرة ﺕ ﺘ‬
‫ة‬ ‫ﺡﺎﻟﺔ وﺝﻮد‬
‫ﻓﻓﻲ ﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺱﻄﺢ اﻷرض ﻓﻲ هﺬا اﻟﺒﻜﺴﻞ‪ ،‬آﻴﻒ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻄﺎع أرﺽﻲ ﺑﺈﺱﺘﺨﺪام اﻷدوات اﻟﺘﻲ ﺕﻌﺮﻓﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺡﺘﻰ اﻵن‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ – اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ – ﺹﻔﺤﺔ رﻗﻢ ‪ - 22‬اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻟﻼﺡﻘﺔ – اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻷﺧﻴﺮة‬
 ‫أﺳﺌﻠﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﺮاﺟﻌﺔ‬

‫ﺡﺎول أن ﺕﻌﺮض اﻟﺼﻮرة اﻟﻤﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺪرﻳﺐ ‪ training.img‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺮآﻴﺐ ﻟﻠﻮﻥﻲ اﻟﻜﺎذب ‪ 2-3-4‬وﻓﻲ‬ ‫•‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮآﻴﺐ اﻟﻠﻮﻥﻲ اﻟﻜﺎذب ‪ ،1-4-6‬ﺑﺄي ﻟﻮن ﺕﻈﻬﺮ اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺕﺎت وﻟﻤﺎذا؟‬

‫‪.1Polygon Perimeter 4631.007870 meters. Area 242.438616 acres‬‬

‫‪.2Polygon Perimeter 5389.502189 meters. Area 405.343077 acres‬‬

‫اﻟﻜﻢ اﻟاﻟﻤﺮﺑﻊ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺡﺎت إﻟإﻟﻰ اﻟﻜ‬
‫هﺬﻩ اﻟ ﺎ ﺎت‬
‫ﺡﻮل هﺬ‬
‫‪ Measurements‬ل‬
‫‪M‬‬ ‫ﺑﺈﺱﺘﺨﺪام أداة ‪t‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﺡﺔ ﺈ ﺘﺨﺪا‬
‫ﺡﺴﺎب ﺎ ﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺎ‬
‫ﺕﻈﻬﺮ ﻨﺪ‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺕﻈ‬
‫اﻟﻘﻴﻢ اﻟ ﺎ ﻘﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻘ‬ ‫•‬

‫اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ – اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ – ﺹﻔﺤﺔ رﻗﻢ ‪ - 23‬اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻟﻼﺡﻘﺔ – اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻷﺧﻴﺮة‬