A

1
'Abasa "He frowned". ‫عبس‬
The Abbasid Caliphs (132-656 ‫الخلفاء العباسيون‬
A.H./750-1259 A.D.) 2

Abbey
‫الرهبانية‬
Abbot ‫الراهب‬
Abdication ‫التنحى عن العرش‬

1 . The blind man that is referred to in this surah is Abdullah ibn

Umm Maktoum. Surah 80 of the Holy Qur'an.
2 . They assumed the Caliphate following the Umayyads. They
trace their lineage to Al-`Abbas, the Prophet's uncle. After half a
century of secret arrangements, the Abbasid Revolution began in
Khurasan under the leadership of Abu Muslim Al-Khurasani, 130
A.H./748 A.D. During their rule the Muslim empire reached its zenith in
all aspects of life. Their first Caliph was Abu Al-`Abbas Al-Saffah. He
was followed by Abu Ja`far Al-Mansur who ended the revolutionary
period, reaffirmed their rule and established Baghdad, the capital,
which witnessed a scientific, cultural and literary renaissance that
stretched throughout the Middle Centuries. Unfortunately, the state
eventually began to decline and suffer from weakness and
decentralization. Many petty states emerged such as the Tulunids, the
Ikhshidids and the Fatimids. The Mongols destroyed the Abbasid
Caliphate and Al-Musta`sim, the last caliph, was killed by Hulegu.

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 3
Abdul Muttalib ‫عبد المطلب‬
Abdullah / ‘Abd Allah 4
‫عبد الله‬
Aberrance
‫الضلل‬
Ability ‫ القدرة‬,‫الهمة‬
Abjuration - ‫ النكار‬-‫الرتداد‬
‫الردة‬
3. ‘Abdul Muttalib was the nickname of the grandfather of
Muhammad S. Hashim bin 'Abd Manaf, the great-grandfather of
Muhammad S was the chief of Makkah and also a caretaker of the
Ka’bah. Through his trading caravans, he had brought prosperity to
Makkah. He had made Makkah the trading capital of Arabia. During
one of his business trips, caravan of Hashim bin 'Abd Manaf stopped at
Yathrib (Madinah). There, he married Salma bint ‘Amr of the local
Najjar tribe. A few days after his marriage, Hashim bin 'Abd Manaf
continued on his business trip. During that journey, he fell sick and
died of his illness. His fellow travelers buried him in Ghaza. A few
months after the death of Hashim bin 'Abd Manaf, his widow Salma
gave birth to his son. That boy was named ‘Amr bin Hashim, but
everyone called him Shaybah (Old man) because he had a bunch of
white hair at birth. Back in Makkah, Al Muttalib bin 'Abd Manaf, a
younger brother of Hashim bin 'Abd Manaf assumed the
responsibilities of the offices of the Ka'bah after him. By chance, Al
Muttalib bin 'Abd Manaf found out that his nephew, son of his elder
brother Hashim bin 'Abd Manaf, was growing up in Yathrib (Madinah)
with his mother and maternal uncles. Al Muttalib bin 'Abd Manaf
decided to return the wealth of Hashim bin 'Abd Manaf to his son
Shaybah. Al Muttalib bin 'Abd Manaf traveled to Yathrib (Madinah) to
bring his nephew back to Makkah. After initial hesitation Salma agreed
to send her son to Makkah with his uncle Al Muttalib bin 'Abd Manaf.
On their way to Makkah, Shaybah was riding ahead of Al Muttalib bin
'Abd Manaf. In those days, usually servants rode ahead of their
masters. When people of Makkah saw Shaybah riding ahead of Al
Muttalib, they mistook him as a servant of Al Muttalib. That is why
they called him 'Abdul Muttalib, which means the servant of Al
Muttalib. This nickname became so popular that his real name ‘Amr
bin Hashim or his nickname Shaybah, was completely forgotten. With

2
Abjurer
‫المرتد‬
Ablution 5
‫الوضــــــــوء‬
Abode ‫ السكن‬- ‫الدار‬
A . of delusion ‫دار الغرور‬
A . of joy ‫دار السرور‬
A . of peace ‫دار السلم‬
A . of perdition ‫دار البوار‬
A . of temptation ‫دار البتلء‬
A . that abideth ‫دار القرار‬
A . which remaineth ‫دار البقاء‬
Abodes ( the two) ‫الداران ) الدنيا‬

time 'Abdul Muttalib became the chief of Makkah and the caretaker of
the Ka’bah. He inherited the responsibility to provide drinking water to
the pilgrims of the Ka’bah. Fetching water all day long from distant
wells made him very tired. By chance he discovered the long-lost
Zamzam well. Muhammad S was the son of ‘Abdul Muttalib’s youngest
son ‘Abdullah. Muhammad S was born a few months after the death of
his father. ‘Abdul Muttalib loved his grandson Muhammad S very
much. 'Abdul Muttalib died when Muhammad S was only eight year
old.
4 .
After the advent of Islam, ‘Abd Allah became one of the most
popular names. It means slave of Allah. Rules of Arabic language
grammar allow the two words to be combined together. After joining
together, words ‘Abd and Allah can be written as ‘Abdullah or
‘Abdallah. Arabs worshiped Allah in the days of ignorance also, but
they took many partners with Him. They mistakenly considered Allah
as the biggest of their many gods. The name ‘Abd Allah was in use
among Arabs before Islam also. Father of Muhammad S was also
named ‘Abdullah. He had died a few months before Muhammad S was
born.‘Abdullah bin ‘Abdul Muttalib was the name of the father of
Muhammad S. He was the youngest son of ‘Abdul Muttalib. ‘Abdullah
bin ‘Abdul Muttalib died a few months after his marriage with Aminah
bint Wahb. Muhammad S was born a few months after the death of his
father ‘Abdullah bin ‘Abdul Muttalib.
5 . At the five daily prayer times prescribed by the Qur'an,
ablutions are part of the ritual purification which must precede
participation in contemplation and the act of prostration and prayer. .

3
 ‫)والخرة‬
Abolish ‫ينسخ‬
Abominable ‫المكروه‬
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Abrahah Al-Habashi ‫أبرهه الحبشى‬
Abrogating ‫الناسخ‬
Absolute ‫المطلق‬
Absolvable ‫يغفر‬
Abstemious ‫الزاهد‬

6. Abrahah Al-Habashi : The commander who led a huge army

supported by elephants in an attempt to destroy the Ka`bah

4
Abstention ‫إمتناع‬
Abstinence ‫التقوى‬
7
Abu Al-Qasim ‫أبو القاسم‬
8
Abu Bakr ‫أبو بكر رضى الله عنه‬
Abu Lahab 9
‫أبو لهب‬
Abundance
‫الكوثر‬

7. It is the Kunya of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (may Allah bless

him and grant him peace). It is prohibited to have the Kunya of the
Holy Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace). See Sahih
Bukhari, Hadith 205,book 73, Vol.8 Sahih Muslim, Kitab-ul Adab.
8 . Also spelled Abi Bakr. He was one of the greatest companions
of the Prophet Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.
His full name is Abu Bakr as-Siddiq. The Holy Prophet, may Allah bless
him and grant him peace, called him as-Siddiq because he always
believed in him (may Allah bless him and grant him peace), without
any reservation. He was the first of the four rightly guided Khalifaas
(al-Khulafaa al-Rashideen) from 11 - 13 AH. The other three, may Allah
bless them, were
1. Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, 13-23 AH.
2. Uthman ibn 'Affan , may Allah be pleased with him, 24-36 AH.
Ali ibn Abi Talib, may Allah be pleased with him, 36- 40 AH.
9 . Fiercest enemy of Islam and paternal uncle of the Prophet
Muhammad (may Allah bless him and grant him peace). Surah 111 of
the Holy Qur'an. Known as Suratul Masad.

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Accepted
‫مبرور‬
Accepter
‫الشفيع‬
Accountableness
‫المسئولية‬
Accursed
‫الملعون‬
'Ad 10 ‫)عاد) قوم‬
Adam (Peace be on ‫آدم عليه السلم‬
him) 11
Adhan 12 ‫الذان‬
Admonishment
‫الوعظ‬
Administrative
‫اقليم إدارى‬
Adoration
‫العبادة‬

10 . An ancient tribe that lived after the Prophet Nooh (Noah),

peace be on him, in the village of Ahqaf in the Yemen. It was a very
prosperous tribe, but was rebellious against Allah Subhana wa Ta'ala
and their Prophet Houd, peace be on him. So Allah Ta'ala destroyed it
with a fatal westerly windstorm (Ad-Dabour). See Holy Qur'an, Houd
(11):50-60. See Mursaleen .
11 .
The first man and a prophet. He was created neither in
Paradise nor on Earth, but in the realm of Allah's mercy. From there he
was sent to Jannah (Paradise), from where later he was sent down to
Earth. He had many offspring, the most famous ones are Habil (Abel)
and Qaabil (Cain). See Holy Qur'an, Al-Baqarah (2): 30-39, Al-Maida (5)
30-34. See Mursaleen .
12 .
Islamic way for calling Muslims to prayer. The Adhan that is
announced today was formulized and formalized in l AH. See Sahih
Bukhari, Hadith 583,book 3, Vol.1 Sahih Muslim, Kitab-ul Adab.

6
Adorer
‫العابد‬
Adult
‫البالغ‬
Adulterant
‫الغاش‬- ‫المطفف‬
Adulterer
‫الزانى‬
Adulteress
‫الزانية‬
Adulterine
‫مرتكب الزنا‬
Adultery
‫الزنا‬
Adverse
‫المكابر‬
Advocate
‫الوكيل‬
Affability
‫الود‬
Affection
‫المودة‬
Affidavit
‫الشهادة بقسم‬
Affinity
‫صلة الرحم‬
Affinity
‫المصاهرة‬- ‫القربى‬
Afflatus
‫اللهام‬
Aforetime
‫فى الزمنة الغابرة‬
Afwu The Forgiver or ‫العفـــو‬
Pardoner 13
Aged
‫المعمر‬
Aggression
‫عدوان‬
Aggressiveness
‫العدوانية‬

13. Al-'Afuwo": The Forgiver or Pardoner, in the sense of

obliterating the memory of wrongdoings from one's mind. One of the
ninety-nine attributes of Allah Ta' ala. See Maghfirah .

7
Agnomen
‫ اللقب‬- ‫الكنية‬
Agnosticism
‫الل أدرية‬
Agony of death
‫الحتضار‬
AH - After Hijra 14
‫بعد الهجــــــرة‬
Ahad 15 ‫أحـــــد‬
Ahadeeth 16 ‫أحـــاديث‬
Ahl al-nass w-al-ta 'y in 17 ‫أهل النص‬
‫والتعيين‬
Ahl ar-ra'y people of opinion 18 ‫أهل الرأي‬
Ahl al-Dimmah (or Dhimmis)19 ‫أهل الذمه‬
Ahl al-Kitab - 'People of the Book,' 20 ‫أهل‬
‫الكتاب‬

14. After Hijra. Hijra means emigration. The Islamic calendar starts
from the day the Holy Prophet Muhammad, may Allah bless him and
grant him peace, emigrated from Makkah to Madinah, in 622 A.D.
15 . One.
The Incomparable. When referring to Allah Subhana wa
Ta'la, this means:
that He has no comparable in His Essence or in any of His
Attributes.
that there is no deity (worthy of worship) but Allah.
16 . Sayings and traditions of the Holy Prophet Muhammad, may
Allah bless him and grant him peace. Singular: Hadith.
17 . People of Divine ordinance and designation
18 . means people of opinion. It is refers to people that are
consulted on Islamic matters. These people are highly learned in
Islam.
19 . are the non-Muslim subjects of an Islamic state who have been
subjugated under the Muslims and pay Jizyah tax in order to have
tolerance of their rights to life, property and practice of their religion,
etc.
20 . literally 'People of the Book,' refers to the followers of Divine
Revelation before the advent of Mohammad.

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Ahlul Bait - "the People of the House". 21
‫أهل‬
‫البيت‬
Ahlul Kitab - "the People of the Scripture"
‫الكتاب‬22 ‫أهل‬
Ahlul Kitab wa sunnah 23 ‫أهل والسنه الكتاب‬
Ahmad 24 ‫أحمـــد‬
Ahqaf (Al) Name of a village in Yemen ‫الحقاف‬
Name of a village in Yemen. Home of the people of 'Ad. See 'Ad .
Surah 46 of the Holy Qur' an.
Aid ‫معونة‬
'Aisha (May Allah be pleased with her) ‫عائشة‬
Daughter of Abu Bakr as-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him and
her) and wife of Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him
peace. Call mother of the Faithful ( uml Mumineen)
Aimless ‫الضال‬

21. Literally means "the People of the House". A polite way of

addressing the wife and the members of the household. Sometimes
used to refer to the family of the Prophet Muhammad, may the
blessing and peace of Allah be on him and on his family and on all his
companions. The blessings here are addressed to the entire
household. See Holy Qur' an, Houd (11):73.
22
. Literally means "the People of the Scripture". It refers to
Yahoud (Jews), Nasara (Christians) and Saabe-een (Sabians). Those
who believe in the Trinity and that Jesus is God and/or the Son of God
are considered as Kuffar (unbelievers), even though they are Ahlul
Kitab.
See Maghdoub and Dhaleen . Holy Qur' an, Yusuf Ali, Al-Maida (5): 19,
75-76. Holy Qur' an, M. Pickthall, Al-Maida (5):17, 72-73.
23 . Literally means "the People of the Book (the Holy Qur'an) and
the sayings and traditions, (the Sunnah of Muhammad, may Alah bless
him and grant him peace)". This refers to the people who strive to
follow exactly the teachings of the Holy Qur'an and Muhammad, may
Allah bless him and grant him peace, without any deviations.
24 .
Another name of Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant
him peace. Prophet Isa (Jesus), peace be on him, prophesied his
coming. See Muhammad , may Allah bless him and grant him peace.
See Holy Qur' an, As-Saff(61):6.

9
Ajal time of death ‫أجل‬
Appointed time. In Islamic terminology it refers to the (appointed) time
of death. Allah Ta'ala says in the Holy Qur'an that He will not, (and
therefore no-one else can), alter the time of someone's death. Muslims
reject such statements as "the doctor saved his life", or "he would
have lived longer in..". Such statements are made by those who do
not believe in Allah or do not have the understanding of the necessity
to believe in Allah, thus exposing themselves to Shirk (associating
partners with Allah), by believing and saying that the power over life
and death is within human capability.
'Ala (Al) The Most High ‫العلـــــــى‬
"The Most High" See Surah 87 of the Holy Qur 'an.
AL-'ADL The Just ‫العـــــدل‬
"The Just". Among the 99 Names of God in Islamic theology.
Alaihi Salaam Peace be upon him ‫عليه السلم‬
Peace be upon him. This is said whenever the name of a Malak (an
angel), a nabi (a prophet) or a rasool (a messenger) of Allah is
mentioned, except for the name or title of the Holy Prophet
Muhammad (Sallallahu 'alaihe wa sallam). See Sallallahu 'alaihe wa
sallam . See Mursaleen.
Al-Andalus ‫الندلس‬
Now the Arabic name for Spain. The word was derived from
"Vandalusie", or the country of the Vandals. The Arabs settled in Al-
Andalus for seven centuries where they commissioned architectural
masterpieces making Al-Andalus one of the most beautiful
architectural regions in the Islamic world.
Al-Asma al-Husna ‫السماء الحسني‬
Al-Asma al-Husna, literally meaning the 'most excellent names'
used of God, express His greatness and paramountcy, holiness, purity,
and the perfection and absoluteness of all His attributes
Al-Aus ‫الوس‬
Al-Aus : A tribe in Medina, later a section of the Ansar
al-Husayn ‫الحسين‬
The son of Ali Ibn Abi Talib and Fatima, he was assassinated in 680 AD
in Kerbala and is venerated by the Shiites
Al-`Uzza ‫العــــزي‬
Al-`Uzza : An idol worshipped in Mecca in the Pre-Islamic period
Al-hamudu lillah Praise be to Allah ‫الحمد لله‬
Praise be to Allah. Should be said on all occasions and especially after
sneezing. Abu Huraira related that the Prophet Muhammad, may Allah
bless him and grant him peace, said: 'When any one of you sneezes,
then he should say "Al-hamdu lillah", and his brother or friend (who

10
listens) should respond by saying "Yarhamuka Allah", (Allah have
mercy upon you);
al-hawa. ‫الهـــــوى‬
Personal temptations.
Ali ibn Abi Talib, May Allah be pleased with him
‫علي بن أبي طالب‬
One of the greatest companions of the Prophet Muhammad, may Allah
bless him and grant him peace. The last of the four rightly guided
Khalifs (al-Khulafaa al-Rashideen), may Allah bless with him, he ruled
from 36AH to 4OAH. He was martyred whilst praying in the Masjid
(mosque). See Khalifa.
Al-Khazraj ‫الخزرج‬
Al-Khazraj : A tribe in Medina, later a section of the Ansar
ALLAH God ‫الله‬
The Name of the Creator of the Universe and all that it contains.
Derives from the word "Ilah" which means "the One deserving all
worship", the One to Whom all hearts submit in love, fear, reverence,
desire, trust and sincerity, and to Whom all limbs submit in all forms of
worship such as prayers, supplications, sacrifices, invocations, etc.
1- Allah has decreed that His Holy Name is "Allah" and has
ordained that all His creation call upon Him by the name of
"Allah". In the original Bible and Taurat (in the Hebrew text),
the name "Allah" is used.
2- In Islam the name "God" is not used for the fear of
misunderstanding. To the Christians it will give them a mental
image of a human being (the Prophet Jesus, son of Mary, peace
be on him), to some Hindus it creates a mental picture of an
animal (a cow). To the Zoroastrians it creates a picture of a
fire, Allah, there is none but He, King of the Universe, the
Creator and Originator of all that there is. He has no beginning
nor end. He was not begotten nor did He beget. He is not like
any thing.
Allah ta'ala Allah the Exalted ‫الله تعالى‬
Al-Llat ‫اللت‬
Al-Lat : An idol worshipped by the Thaqif in the Pre-Islamic period
Allegation ‫الزعامه‬
Za'ama
Allegiance ‫ الخلص‬- ‫الولء‬
Alliance ‫الحلف‬
Allies ‫الحلفاء‬
Allowed ‫المباح‬

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Allurement ‫الغواء‬
Ally ‫ المعاهد‬- ‫الحليف‬
Almighty ‫القدير‬
(.The Almoravids (448-541 A.H./1056-1146 A.D
‫دولة المرابطين‬
The Almoravids (448-541 A.H./1056-1146 A.D.) : The Almoravids
were Berber descendants of the Limtunah, a tribe of Sinhajah. They
founded an Islamic state in Morocco and ruled Andalusia and Tunisia.
They were known for their covered faces and were called Al-Murabitin
for living in secluded places for practicing acts of worship. Yusuf bin
Tashfin was the most famous among their Sultans. He founded
Marrakesh and made it the capital of his state. He defeated the Franks
and put an end to the rule of Muluk Al-Tawa'if (the Kings of the Petty
States). He left to `Ali, his son, a strong and vast state, but it was
eventually destroyed by Almohads.
The Almohads (515-667 A.H./1121-1269 A.D.) ‫دولة‬
‫الموحدين‬
The Almohads (515-667 A.H./1121-1269 A.D.) : A Shiite
state in Morocco founded by Al-Mahdi bin Tumart after the fall of the
Almoravid state. The Almohads ruled Morocco and extended their
influence over Andalusia. Their state collapsed in Andalusia after the
Battle of Al-`Aqab, (609 A.H./1212 A.D.)
Almsgiving zakat ‫الزكــــاة‬
Almsgiving (zakat in Arabic) is one of the Five Pillars of Islam,
almsgiving constitutes one of the main means by which Islam strives
for an economically just society. It is an obligatory "poor tax"--
reckoned at somewhere between two and ten percent of income and
holdings--which can be given directly to the poor or to a distribution
official. The money is used for hospitals, schools, helping indigent
debtors and freeing slaves, as well as poor support. From the
perspective of the giver, "zakat" (as it is known in Arabic) purifies the
giver and the remainder of his "wealth." It is also envisioned as a loan
to Allah, who will repay it double.

Almsgiving ‫الصدقات‬
Alter ego ‫الولى الحميم‬
Ambassador ‫السفير‬
Ambigus ‫المبهم‬

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Amen ‫آمين‬
Amender ‫المصلح‬
Amin ‫آمين‬
Other Commonly Used Spellings: AAMIN, AAMEEN, AMEEN means
custodian or guardian. Someone who is loyal or faithful.
Amirul Mumineen Commander of the Faithful
‫أمير المومنين‬
Commander of the Faithful. Title of the leader of the Islamic nation
after the death of the Prophet Muhammad, may Allah bless him and
grant him peace. The first four commanders of the faithful of the new
Islamic nation were called al-Khulafaa al-Rashideen, "the rightly-
guided Khulafaas" (see Khalifa . They were given this title because
they carried out their duties perfectly according to the Holy Qur'an
and the practices and teachings of the Prophet Muhammad, may Allah
bless him and grant him peace.
Ammunition ‫عتاد‬
Amnah bint Wahb ‫أمنه بنت وهب‬
Aminah bint Wahb was the mother of Muhammad S, the Messenger
of Allah. She was the daughter of Wahb bin ‘Abd Manaf bin Zuhrah.
Aminah bint Wahb was married to ‘Abdullah bin ‘Abdul Muttalib, the
youngest son of ‘Abdul Muttalib. Her husband Abdullah bin ‘Abdul
Muttalib died during one of his trading trips and was buried in Yathrib
(Madinah), where he had stopped for treatment with the maternal
uncles of his father. He was buried there. Muhammad S, the
Messenger of Allah, was born a few months after the death of his
father. When the Messenger of Allah, Muhammad S was six year old,
his mother Aminah bint Wahb took him to the grave of his father
‘Abdullah bin ‘Abdul Muttalib in Yathrib (Madinah). Aminah bint
Wahb fell sick at Abwa, when they were returning from Yathrib
(Madinah). She died and was buried at Abwa, a township between
Makkah and Yathrib (Madinah). The Messenger of Allah, Muhammad S
was brought back to his grandfather ‘Abdul Muttalib in Makkah, by
Umm Ayman, a maidservant of his father.
Amnesty ‫عفو‬
Anathematization ‫اللعن‬ ‫السخط‬
Ancestor ‫)السلف ) من الجداد‬
Ancestral ‫السلفى‬
Anchorite ‫الزاهد الناسك‬
Animator ‫المحيي‬
Animism ‫الروحانية‬

13
Annalist ‫المؤرخ الحولى‬
Annals ‫الحوليات‬
Announcement ‫الذان‬ ‫العالن‬
Announcer ‫المؤذن‬
Annunciation ‫التبشير‬
Ansar ‫أنصــــــــــــــار‬
Literally means "helpers".
The inhabitants of Madinah, the Aus and the Khazraj tribes,
who embraced Islam and supported the Muslim
emigrants against the pagan Quraishi and other tribes
who made war on the Prophet Muhammad, may Allah
bless him and grant him peace.
Helpers of the Prophet Isa (the Prophet Jesus, son of Mary),
peace be on him. See Holy Qur'an, As-Saff (61):14.
Singular: Ansari.
Antichrist ‫المسيح الدجال‬
Antique ‫عتيق‬
Apologue ‫الخرافة‬
Apophthegm ‫القول المأثور‬
Apostacy ‫الردة‬
Apostasy Movement ‫حركــــة الردة‬
Apostasy Movement : Some tribes took advantage of the turmoil
among the Muslims following the Prophet's death and declared their
apostasy.
Apostate ‫المرتد‬
Apostle - ‫الحوارى‬ ‫الرسول‬
Apostleship ‫الرسالة‬
Apostheosis ‫التأليه‬
Approver ( the) ‫المجيب‬
Approving ‫الستحسان‬
Appurtenance ‫الحاشية‬
aqiqah ‫عقيقه‬
the ceremony of shaving a baby's head and giving it a formal name.
This ritual is a celebration of the birth of the child, and the giving of a
name that welcomes it into the Muslim community. It usually takes
place within seven days of the birth.

14
Arab genealogy Ansaboul arab ‫ب‬
A ‫أنساب العرب‬
Arab genealogy : Arabs used to pride themselves on their noble birth
and pure lineage. The Prophet's ancestry can be traced back to the
Prophet Abraham (peace be upon him).
Arabicization of the Diwans ‫تعريب الدواوين‬
Arabicization of the Diwans : 700 Caliph `Abdul-Malik bin Marwan
orders the arabicization of the Diwans (state ministries), which were
following the Persian order (81 A.H.)
'Arafat ‫عرفـــــــــات‬
A pilgrimage site, ahout 25km east of Makkah al-Mukaramah. Standing
on 'Arafat on the 9th of Dhul-Hijjah and staying there from mid-day to
sunset is the essence of the Hajj (the Pilgrimage).
‫الستبداد‬
Arbitrariness
Arbitrary ‫الستبدادى‬
Arbitration ‫التحكيم‬
Arbitrator ‫الحكم‬
Arch ‫قوس‬
Archives ‫السجلت‬
'Areem dam ‫العرم‬
May be translated as dams or embankments. The 'Areme (dam) that is
referred to in Surah 34:16 is the Maarib Dam whose traces still exist in
Yemen.
Argue ‫يجادل‬
Arguer ‫المجادل‬
Argumentation ‫البرهان‬
Armament ‫التسلح‬
Armature ‫الدرع‬
Arm ‫الجيش‬
Arrant ‫الخبيث‬
Arrogance ‫التكبر‬
Arrogant ‫المتكبر‬
Arrow ‫السهم‬
Arsenal ‫دار السلحة‬
Aruspex ‫العراف‬

15
'Asr (Al) Afternoon ‫العصـــــــــــــر‬
"Afternoon". The third compulsory Salat (Prayer) of the day. It can be
prayed at any time between mid-afternoon and a little before sunset.
Surah 103 of the Holy Qur'an.
Ascendance ‫ الستعلء‬- ‫السيادة‬
Ascendancy ‫ السطوة‬- ‫النفوذ‬
Ascension - ‫لعيسى عليه السلم الصعود‬
Ascent ‫العروج‬
Ascents ‫المعارج‬
Ascertainment ‫التحقق‬
Ascetic ‫الزاهد‬ - ‫الناسك‬
Asceticism ‫نسك زهد‬
ascetic Batul ‫بتـــــــول‬
means ascetic. It is ascribed to Fatimah (the Prophets daughter) and
the Virgin Mary.
Ashabul Aika ‫أصحاب اليكـــة‬
Dwellers of the wood. Another name for the Midianites. See Madyan .
See Holy Qur'an, Al-Hijr (15):78, Al-Shu'ara (26):176-191.
Ashab Al-Maimana companions of the Right ‫أصحاب‬
‫الميمنة‬
Literally means "companions of the Right", the righteous people. On
the Day of Resurrection, Allah Ta'ala will sort out the good and the
evil. They will be divided into three groups:
1. Muqarraboon - the exalted class, those who are nearest to
Allah Ta'ala.
2. Ashab al-Maimana - the righteous people, those who are
destined to enter Jannah (Paradise).
3. Ashab aI-Mash'ama - literally means "companions of the Left";
these people will be the inheritors of the Nar (Hellfire).
For full explanations of: Muqarraboon, see Surah Al-Waqi'ah (56):11-
26; Ashab al-Maimana, see Surah 56:27-40. Ashab al-Mash 'ama, see
Surah Al-Waqi'ah (56):41-56.
Ashab Al-Mash'ama Companions of the Left ‫أصحاب‬
‫المشئمة‬
Literally means "Companions of the Left", the evil-doers. These people
will he the companions of the Nar (Hellfire) on the Day of Resurrection.
For full explanation: See Ashab al-Maimana . See Holy Qur'an, Al-Wa
qi'a (56):41-56.
Ashraful Mursaleen ‫المرسلين‬ ‫أشرف‬

16
The most honoured of all the prophets. One of the titles of the Holy
Prophet Muhammad , may Allah bless him and grant him peace.
Asharatul mubashshirun (Al) ‫العشرة المبشرين‬
the ten people that were given the glad tidings of assurance of
entering Paradise. They were Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, Ali, Abdur
Rahman ibn Awf, Abu Ubaydah ibn al-Jarrah, Talhah ibn Ubaydullah,
az-Zubayr ibn al-Awwam, Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas, Sa'id ibn Zayd
Asiya ‫))امرأة فرعون أسيا‬
The wife of Fir'aun (Pharaoh). She is one of the four greatest created
females, the other three being:
1. Mariam (Mary), may Allah be pleased with her, the mother of
the Prophet Isa (Jesus), peace be on him.
2. Khadija ,may Allah be pleased with her, the first wife of the
Prophet Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.
3. Fatima, may Allah be please with her, the daughter of the
Prophet Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.
Asma wa Sifaat (Tawheed Al) ‫والصفات‬ ‫السماء‬
Unity of Names and Attributes of Allah Ta'ala. To believe that:
1. None can qualify or name Allah except as He or the Prophet
Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, named
or qualified Him.
2. None can be named or qualified with the Names of the
Attributes that belong only to Allah Subhana wa Ta'ala. For
example, none may be called 'Al-Muhyee" (the Giver of Life)
except for Allah Subhana wa Ta'ala Himself.
3. We must believe in all the Ayat and Ahadeeth (Sahih) regarding
the Attributes of Allah without altering their meaning in any
way whatsoever.
Asmaul Husna (Al) ‫السماء الحسنى‬
The ninety-nine Beautiful Names (Attributes) of Allah Ta'ala. It is
haram to add to or delete from the list of Attributes of Allah. It is also
haram to give such attributes to anyone else. For the full list of al-
Asmaul Husna, see Asmaul Husna Al-asmaul Husna(List).
Assalamu 'Alaikum Peace be on you ‫السلم‬
‫عليكم‬
"Peace be on you". Greeting of the Muslims. The response to this
greeting is "Wa 'Alaikum Assalam wa Rahmatul-lahi wa Barakatuh",
And on you be the Peace and Mercy of Allah and His Blessings.
Assassins ‫الحشاشون‬
Assembler ‫الجامع‬
Assent ‫ التسليم‬- ‫الرضا‬
Assignation ‫الفرض‬

17
Associate ‫الصحابى‬
Associates ‫الصحابة‬
Astrologist ‫المنجم‬
Astrology ‫علم التنجيم‬
Astronomer ‫الفلكى‬
Astronomy - ‫علم ا لهيئه‬ ‫علم الفلك‬
Atabic The Atabegs ‫التابك‬
The Atabegs : Atabeg was a Turkish title used by
the Seljuks for members of the court ministers and
leaders. Some of the Atabegs managed to take
control of the state leading to the emergence of the
petty states in the 12th century A.D. in Iran and
Syria. They ruled for a long period of time, most
remarkable among them were the Atabegs of
Azerbaijan and Iran.
Atheist‫الملحد‬
Athheistic ‫اللحادلى‬
Atone ‫يكفر عن ذنب‬

Attack Hujoom ( Onslaught) ‫هجوم‬

Attacker ‫المهاجم‬
Attitude ‫اتجاه‬
Attributes ‫الصفات‬
Attributes of prefection ‫صفات الكمال‬
Attributes of majesty ‫صفات‬ ‫الجلل‬
Attributes of beauty ‫صفات الجمال‬
Attributes of essence ‫صفات الذات‬
Attributes ( of god) ‫اسماء الله وصفاته‬
Attrition ‫النابه‬
Augur ‫العراف‬ - ‫الكاهن‬
Authority ‫السلطة‬
Autocracy ‫الحكم‬ ‫المطلق‬

18
Autocrat ‫الحاكم المطلق‬
Autonomy - ‫الستقلل الذاتي التفرد‬
Avarice ‫ البخل الحرص‬-
Avaricous ‫البخيل‬
Avenge ‫يثأر‬
Avenger ‫المنتقم‬
Awakener ( the) ‫الباعث‬
Award ‫يحكم‬
Aware ( the) ‫الكبير‬
Ayah (pl. ayat) ‫آيه‬
Ayah means a sign (or 'token') which directs one to something
important. In the Quran the word has been used in four different
senses: (1) sign or indication; (2) the phenomena of the universe
(called ayat of God for the reality to which the phenomena point is
hidden behind the veil of appearances); (3) miracles performed by the
Prophets; and (4) individual units (i.e. verses) of the Book of God.
Ayoub, Peace be upon him . ‫ايوب عليه السلم‬
Job. A prophet of Islam. He was renowned for his patience, hence the
idiom "Sabr Ayoub" (the patience of Job), which means complete
patience and constancy.See Mursaleen .
'Aziz The Almighty ‫العزيـــــــز‬
1. "Al-'Aziz". The Almighty. One of the ninety-nine attributes of
Allah Ta'ala. See Holy Qur'an, Al-Hajj' (22):40. See Asmaul
Husna LIST????.
2. Title of Egyptian noblemen during the time of the Pharaohs.
Zulaikha was the wife of the 'Aziz who tried, but failed, to
tempt the Prophet Yusuf (Joseph), peace be on him, into
seduction. See Holy Qur' an, Yusuf(12):23 - 24.
B
Ba'ath ‫البعـــث‬
In Islamic terminology this means the resurrection of the Muslims and
the Kuffar (unbelievers). The Ba'ath of the Kuffar (unbelievers) and the
subsequent stages leading to the Nar (Hellfire) is in five stages:
1. The Kuffar will be raised with all their senses being active, i.e.
they will be able to feel, see, hear, smell and taste.
2. On their way to the place ofjudgement they will still have their
senses active.
3. They will be judged with all their senses intact.
4. On their way to Nar (Hellfire) they will lose all their senses.

19
 5. When put into the Nar (Hellfire), they will regain all their senses
so as to feel Allah Ta'ala's wrath.
Bab Al-Raiyan ‫باب الريان‬
The name of one of the gates of Heavens (Jannah) through which the
people who often observe fasting will enter on the Day of
Judgement.
Backbiting ‫الغيبة‬
Backslider ‫المارق‬ - ‫المرتد‬
Badiyyah desert ‫الباديــــه‬
a desert or semi-arid environment.

20
Badr ‫بــــــدر‬
Site of the first great battle between the early Muslims and the pagans
of the Quraish in 2AH. Badr is located about 150km south of al-
Madinah al-Munawarah. The Muslim army consisted of 313 men and
the Quraish had a total of 1,000 soldiers,archers and horsemen. See
Holy Qur'an, Al-Anfal (8):5-19,42-48, Aali lmran (3):13.
Bad omen ‫الطيرة‬
Bail ‫الكفالة‬
Bairam ‫عيد الضحى‬

Baitul Ma'amur (Al) House of Allah ‫البيت‬

‫المعمور‬
House of Allah over the Seventh Heaven where the Malaikah (angels)
pray.
Baitul Mal An Islamic treasury ‫المال‬ ‫بيت‬
An Islamic treasury intended for the benefit of the Masakeen (needy
Muslims) and not for the leaders or the wealthy.
Balance ‫الميزان‬
Balance of power ‫التوازن الدولى‬
Band ‫العصابة الجماعة‬

Bani Nadheer A Jewish tribe ‫بني النضير‬

A Jewish tribe who lived about three miles south of Madinah during the
time of Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. Four
months afier their treachery at the time of the Battle of Uhud, when
they planned to betray the Muslims and kill the Messemger of Allah,
the Prophet Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace,
expelled most of them to Syria and the rest to Khaibar. See Holy
Qur'an, Al-Hashr (45):26.
Bani Quraiadha A Jewish tribe ‫بني قريظة‬
A Jewish tribe from Madinah. Along with the Quraish tribe of Makkah,
they plotted to destroy the Prophet Muharnmad, may Allah bless him
and grant him peace, by attacking the Mu4ims from within Madinah at
the Battle of the Ditch, but when they lost they asked to have their
fate judged by Sa'd ibn Mu' az (the chief of the Aus 'the Ansar' tribe)
because he used to be their ally. Sa'd judged them according to their
own law, the Taurat (Torah), and ordered that every male be killed, all
their women be sold as captives and all their belongings be divided
amongst the Muhajirs (Deut. 20:13-14,16). See Holy Qur' an, Al-Ahzab
(33):26-27.

21
Banner ‫اللواء‬ ‫العلم‬ -
Baqi A cemetery at Madinah ‫البقيع‬
A cemetery at Madinah. Many of the S ahabiyeen (companions)of the
Prophet Muhammad are buried there, may the blessing and peace of
Allah be on him and his family and his companions and all who follow
him and them.
The Banning Tahreem (Al) ‫التحريم‬
"The Banning". Surah 66 of the Holy Qur' an.
Baragaining ‫مساومة‬
Barbarian ‫الهمجى‬
Barbarians ‫الهمج‬ - ‫البرابرة‬
Barbarism ‫الهمجية‬
Barbarous ‫البربرى‬
Barefooted friars -‫الحفاة الرهبان‬
Baron ‫البارون‬

Baroness ‫البارونة‬
Barrier ‫البرزخ‬

Barter ‫البيع‬

Bartering ‫المقايضة‬
Barzakh ‫الـبرزخ‬
Literally means partition or barrier. In Islamic terminology it usually
means the life in the grave, because the life in the wave is the
interspace between the life on earth and the life in the Hereafter. Life
in the Barzakh is real, but very different from life as we know it. Its
exact nature is known only to Allah Ta'ala. It is during our life in the
Barzakh that we will be asked about Allah, our faith and the Holy
Prophet Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. We
will also be shown the Jannah and the Nar (Paradise and Hellfire) and
which of these two places we wifl occupy after we are judged
Base ‫الخبيث‬
Basmalah ‫الله‬ ‫بسم‬
"In the Name of Allah".

22
 1. This statement is usually made by every Muslim who is about
to embark on anything that is Halal (lawful), however trivial
that act or deed may seem.
2. First verse of Suratul Fatiha.
3. To be recited before the beginning of every Surah except for
Suratul Tautah (Surah 9 of the Holy Qur' an).
Bawdy ‫الدنس‬
Bayina (Al) The Clear Proof ‫البينه‬
"The Clear Proof,'. Surah 98 of the Holy Qur~ an.
The Beast Dabaah ‫دابه‬
1. The Beast. The beast that will come out of the earth and will
speak to man. His appearance will be one of the major signs of
the coming of the Last Day.
2. In general, every living creature that moves on this earth. See
Holy Qur'an, an-Nami (27):82-83.
Bedlam ‫البيمارستان‬
Behaviour ‫سلوك‬
Being free ‫العتق‬
Being glorius ‫الجلل‬
belief 'Aqeeda ‫عقيدة‬
Plural : 'Aqaaid. Literally means belief. In Islamic terminology, it means
articles of faith. There are six articles of faith:
Belief in Allah. We believe:
He is the Lord and Creator of all that there is.
He is the True God and all other deities are
false.
He is One, and has no associates (sons or
otherwise).
He alone has the knowledge of the Unseen
and of the Hour.
In His Names and Attributes .
He never came down to earth in
any shape or form.
He is Everlasting, He did not beget nor was
He begotten, and He is not like anything.
His Mala'ikah (angels). We believe:
They are His honoured servants.
They act only by His command.
They are made out of light ( Nur ).
They obey all of Allah's commands.

23
All angels are good and incapable of wrong
doing. (We do not believe in the notion of
a "fallen angel".)
They may be seen by some men only by
Allah's consent.
His Revealed Books. We believe:
He has sent down books with every
messenger.
The original books of Allah that were sent to
the Prophets Abraham, Moses, David and
Jesus no longer exist in their original form.
We believe only in the original Taurat
(Torah), Zaboor (Psalms) and Ingeel
(Gospel).
The Holy Qur'an that was revealed to the
Seal of the Prophets, Muhammad, may
Allah bless him and grant him peace, is
the only perfect book of Allah that is free
from corruption and is a true source of
light for all mankind.
His Rusull (Messengers). We believe:
The Messengers of Allah Ta'ala include
Muhammad, may Allah bless him and
grant him peace, Abraham, Noah, Jesus,
Moses, peace be on them all.
All messengers are human beings.
Muhammad's message encompasses and
abrogates all the messages of all the
other messengers, since Muhammad,
may Allah bless him and grant him peace,
is the last Messenger and the Holy Qur'an
is the Last Message from Allah before the
end of the world.
Belief in the Day of Judgement. We believe:
In the Final Day, which is the Day of
Judgement.
There will be no intercessors except by
Allah's leave.
Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant
him peace, will be given permission to
intercede on behalf of all those who
believed in Allah and the Last Day and
who submitted their will to Him, that is,
those who are "Muslims" (Muslim = One
who submits his or her will to Almighty
Allah).
Heaven is for the believers and Hell is for the
rejecters.

24
 Our book of deeds will be given to us in our
right or left hand (to the believers and
unbelievers respectively).
Belief in Fate and the Divine Decree. We
believe:
In fate, whether good or bad, which Allah has
measured and ordained for all His
creatures.
His decree cannot be changed except by His
leave.
Allah has granted man the free will to choose
between good and evil. Thus, there is no
excuse for wrong action in the sight of
Allah Ta'ala.
All that is to happen until the Day of
Judgement is already written down on the
Lauh al-Mahfudh.
O Allah! Let me not die except in Islam, and raise me on the Day of
Judgement only as a Muslim. Ameen!
Believer ‫المؤمن‬
Believers ‫المؤمنون‬
Benediction ‫التسليم في نهاية الصلة‬
Benefaction ‫الصدقة‬
Benefactor ‫المحسن‬
Beneficent ‫البر‬
Beniganant ‫اللطيف‬
Bequest ‫ الوصية التركة‬-
Bestiality ‫البهيمية‬
Bestower ‫الوهاب‬
Bias ‫تحيز‬
Bier ‫الجنازة‬
Bigotry ‫المغالة‬
Bilal ‫بــــلل‬

25
The first Mu'adin of Islam a companion of the Prophet Muhammad
pbuh, a former Abyssinian slave (may Allah be pleased with him).
Bishop ‫السقف‬
Bi'thah the beginning of the Prophet's
mission ‫بعثه‬
the beginning of the Prophet's mission, his call to Prophethood in 610
C.E..

Bitter Agag ( Salty water) ‫أجاج‬

Blackguard ‫المنافق‬
Blackleg ‫المقامر‬
Blackmail ‫البتزاز‬
Black stone ‫الحجر السود‬
Blasphemer ‫الكافر‬
Blasphemy ‫الكفر‬
Bleeding ‫الحجامة‬
Blessings Barakah ‫بركه‬

Blood relativeDhawi al-Arhaam ‫ذوي الرحام‬

Bloody ‫الدموى‬
Blowing ‫النفخ فى الصور‬
Bondsman ‫العبد‬ ‫الرقيق‬
Bondswoman ‫المة‬ - ‫الجارية‬
Booty - ‫الفىء الغنيمة‬

Bounteous ‫الكريم‬
Breanch of trust ‫خيانة المانة‬
Breanch of promise ‫نكث العهد‬

Bribery ‫الرشوة‬

26
Brigade ‫الغزوة‬
Buccaneer ‫القرصان‬
Bukhari ‫البخاري‬
Imam Bukhari is known so because he was from Bukhara. He was a
great scholar of Islam and is known for his great work of scientifically
authenticating and compiling Ahadith (Sayings of Muhammad S). He
traveled great distances to find and meet the narrators of Ahadith
(Sayings of Muhammad S). He memorized all the Ahadith (Sayings of
Muhammad S) he heard from the narrators. He researched the
backgrounds of the entire chain of narrators of Ahadith (Sayings of
Muhammad S). He evolved a scientific system of verification of the
Ahadith (Sayings of Muhammad S). He had memorized more than
200,000 Ahadith (Sayings of Muhammad S). His scrutiny of the
Ahadith (Sayings of Muhammad S) was so stringent that only
approximately 1% of those Ahadith (Sayings of Muhammad S) made to
his compilation. The compilation of Ahadith (Sayings of Muhammad S)
by Imam Bukhari is considered to be the most authentic one and
is known as Sahih Bukhari
Bumpkin ‫المتغطرس‬
Buraq ‫البراق‬
An animal larger than a donkey and smaller than a horse on which the
Holy Prophet Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace,
went on the Mi' raj. See Mi'raj .
Bureau of Taxes ‫الخـــراج‬ ‫ديوان‬
Buruj (Al) The Zodiacal Signs ‫الـــبروج‬
"The Zodiacal Signs". Surah 85 of the Holy Qur' an. This refers to the
constellations in the heavens themselves, not to the astrologers' 9star
signst.
Burying baby girls alive ‫وأد البنات‬
Burying baby girls alive : One of the customs of Arabs in the Pre-
Islamic period
Byzantines ‫الروم البيزنطيون‬

27
 C
Cabal ‫ المؤامرة‬- ‫المؤتمر السرى‬
Cadi ‫القاضى‬
Caeser ‫القيصر‬
Cain ‫قابيل‬
Caliph khalifah ‫الخليفــــة‬
The title of khalifah or 'Caliph' (literally, 'he who follows'or 'successor')
was first assumed by the four immediate successors to the Prophet
Muhammad as temporal leaders of the emerging Muslim community
(known as the Orthodox caliphs). The rulers of subsequent early
Islamic dynasties were also considered caliphs, with the ‘Abbasid
caliphate in Iraq lasting until 1258/658 H. At the same time, the
Fatimid dynasty in Egypt made rival claims to the caliphate from 909
to 1171 (296-567 H), while in Spain at Cordoba the Umayyad dynasty
also claimed the caliphate from 775 to 1236 (159-633 H). After 1258,
the caliphs excercised increasingly diminished authority, and political
power passed to the secular heads of state. See the article "Khalifa"
by D. Sourdel and others in EI (2nd ed.), vol. 4, pp. 937-953.

Caliphate ‫الخلفـــــــــة‬
The rule or institution of the caliph.

Calumniate ‫يغتاب‬
Calumniator ‫المغتاب‬
Calumny ‫النميم‬ ‫ الغيبة‬- ‫ البهتلن‬-
Campaign ‫حملة حربية‬
Campaigner ‫المحارب‬
Canaan ‫كنعان‬
Canard - ‫الكذبة الفرية‬
Candid ‫المين‬
Candidate ‫المرشح لمنصب‬
Capacious ‫الواسع ذو القدرة‬
Capacity ‫طاقة‬ - ‫قدرة‬
Capital ‫العاصمة‬
Captivation ‫الفتنة‬

28
Captive ‫السير‬
Captivity ‫السر البابلى‬
Babylonian
Cardinal ‫الكاردينال‬
Carrion ‫الميتة‬
Caste ‫طائفة‬
Castration ‫الخصاء‬
Casuist ‫المفتى‬
Casuistry ‫الفتاء‬
Catapult ‫المنجنيق‬
Cataract ‫السد‬ - ‫الشلل‬
Catastrophy ‫البلية‬ ‫الكارثة‬
Catechism ‫الوعظ‬
Catholic ‫الكاثوليكي‬
Catholicism ‫الكاثوليكية‬
The Cattle An'aam (Al) ‫النعام‬
"The Cattle". Surah 6 of the Holy Qur' an.
Causing ‫العلل‬
Cavalcade ‫الخيالة‬
Cavalier ‫الفارس‬
Cavalry ‫الفرسان‬
Cave ‫الكهف‬
The Cave of Hira ' ‫غار حـــــراء‬
The Cave of Hira' : Muhammad (peace be upon him) had a calm
nature and a natural tendency to meditation . He used to seclude
himself in the Cave of Hira' to practice self-purification and ponder
over the creation around him.

The Cave of Thaur ‫غار ثـــــور‬

T
The Cave of Thaur : It is the cave in which the Prophet (peace be upon
him) and his companion Abu Bakr stopped to take shelter from the
polytheists during the Hijrah journey from Mecca to Medina.
Certainly ‫اليقين‬
Chamberlain ‫الياور‬

29
Chambermaid ‫الوصيفة‬
Champion ‫النصير‬
Chancel ‫ الهيكل‬- ‫المذبح‬
Charitable ‫ المتصدق‬- ‫المحسن‬
Charity ‫ الحسان‬- ‫البر‬
Charlatan ‫ المشعوذ‬- ‫الدجال‬
Chary ‫الشحيح‬
Chaste ‫عفيف‬
Chastity - ‫الطهارة‬ ‫العفة‬
Chauvinism ‫الغلو في الوطنية‬
Chauvinist ‫المتعصب الوطني‬
Chief ‫رئيس‬
Chief judge ‫قاضي القضاة‬
Chosen of god‫صفي الله‬
Christian ‫المسيحي النصراني‬
Chronicle ‫ السجل‬- ‫ المدونة‬- ‫الحولية‬
Chronicler ‫الخباري‬
Circumambulating ‫الطواف‬
Circumcision ‫الختان‬
Citadel ‫القلعة‬
Citizen ‫مواطن‬
The City Balad ‫البلـــــد‬
"The City" of Makkah. Surah 90 of the Holy Qur' an.
City state ‫دولة المدينة‬
Civil ‫المدني‬
Civil war ‫الحرب الهلية‬
Civilization ‫ الحضارة‬- ‫المدنية‬
Civilized ‫المتحضر المتمدن‬
Clairvoyance ‫الفراسة‬
Clan ‫العشيرة‬

30
The ClansAhzab (Al) ‫الحــــزاب‬
"The Clans". A famous battle between the early Muslims and the
rejectors, in which the Muslims, under the direction of Salman al-Farisi,
dug a trench around the city of al-Madinah al-Munawarah to thwart
the advance of the unbelievers in 5 AH. The battle is also known as
the Battle of the Khandaq (Battle of the Trench). See Holy Qur' an, An-
Nur (24):55, Al-Ahzab (33):9-20. Surah 33 of the Holy Qur'an.
Class socity ‫مجتمع طبقى‬
Cleavage ‫النشقاق‬
The Cleaving Al-infitar ‫النفطار‬
"The Cleaving". See Surah 82 of the Holy Qur~ an.
Clerk ‫الكاتب‬
Cloister ‫الدير‬
Closet ‫المقصورة‬
The clot of blood 'Alaq ‫العلـــق‬
"The clot of blood". Also called Surat Iqraa. Ayat (verses) 1-5 of this
surah were the first five verses revealed to Muhammad, may Allah
bless him and grant him peace. They were revealed to him through
the Holy Spirit, the Angel Jibreel (Gabriel), peace be on him, in the
Ghar Hiraa (Cave of Hiraa) in Jabal an-Nur. See Surah 96 of the Holy
Qur' an.
Coalition ‫التحالف‬
Code ‫السنن الشريعة‬
Codex ‫المخطوط‬ - ‫مجموعة القوانين‬
Codification ‫ التشريع‬- ‫التقنين‬
Coercion ‫قهر‬
Coffin ‫التابوت‬
Cogitation ‫التفكير‬
Cognition ‫الدراك‬
Cognomen ‫اللقب‬ - ‫الكنية‬
Cohesion ‫تماسك‬
Cohort ‫ الطائفة‬- ‫الحشد‬
Coin ‫العملة‬
Collectedness ‫السكينة‬
Collecting mosque ‫المسجد الجامع‬

31
Colloquy ‫ المحاورة‬- ‫المجادلة‬
Colonial ‫الستعماري‬
Colonist ‫المستعمر‬
Colonization ‫الستعمار‬
Colonnade ‫الرواق‬
Colony ‫المستعمرة‬
Combat ‫النزال‬ - ‫الموقعة‬
Combatant ‫ المقاتل‬- ‫المصارع‬
Combination ‫التحزب‬ - ‫التحاد‬
Command ‫المر‬
Commander ‫القائد‬
Commanding Soul ‫النفس المارة‬
Commandment ‫الوصية‬
Commando ‫الفدائي‬
Commemoration ‫التذكاري‬
Commentary Tafsir ‫تفسير‬
A commentary. There are several reliable Tafsirs on the meanings of
the Ayaat of the Qur'an, including those of Ibn Kathir, Jalalayn and Al-
Cortubi.
Commission ‫البعثة‬ - ‫اللجنة‬
Commitment ‫تعهد‬
Committee ‫اللجنة‬ ‫ الهيئة‬- - ‫الجمعية‬
Commonweal ‫الخير العام‬
Commonwealth - ‫الجمهور‬ ‫الشعب‬
Communicating ‫التصال‬
Communion ‫المعاملة‬
Community ‫ الجماعة‬- ‫الجمعية‬
Commutation - ‫التعويض‬ ‫التبرك‬
Compact ‫المعاهدة‬
Companion Sahabi ‫صحابى‬

32
Companion, particularly any companion of the Holy Prophet
Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. Plural:
Sahabiyeen.
Companion ‫الرفيق‬
Companions ‫الصحابة‬
Companion Of The Cave ‫اهل الكهف‬
Companion Of Elephant ‫اصحاب الفيل‬
Compassion - ‫الشفقة الرحمة‬
Competition ‫المنافسة‬
Complacence ‫ النشراح‬- ‫المسرة‬
Compilation of the Holy Qur'an ‫جمــع القرآن‬
Compilation of the Holy Qur'an : 653 Caliph `Uthman orders the
standardization of Qur'anic recitation according to that of the Quraish.
He sends copies of the standard Mushaf to provinces of the Muslim
empire (32 A.H.)
Complaint ‫الشكوي‬
Complaisant ‫اللطيف‬
Compromise ‫تسوية‬
Compulsion ‫الكراه‬
Compulsory ‫الجباري‬
Compunction ‫الندم‬
Comulation ‫التراكم‬
Conation ‫نزوع‬
Concession ‫ الذعان التسليم‬-
Conciliation ‫توفيق‬
Conclave ‫ المجمع‬- ‫المؤتمر‬
Concord ‫التوافق التحاد‬
Concububine ‫الجارية‬ - ‫المحظية‬
Condemnation ‫الدانة‬ - ‫الحكم‬
Condisciple - ‫الحواري‬ ‫القرين‬
Conditions ‫الشروط‬
Condonation ‫ الغفران‬- ‫السماح‬
Confederacy ‫ التحالف‬- ‫التحاد‬

33
Confederates Al-Ahzâb ‫الحزاب‬
Conference ‫المؤتمر‬
Confession ‫الجهر بالدعوة‬
Confessionist ‫الثابت العقيدة‬
Confessors ‫الصديقون‬
Confidence ‫الثقة‬
Confident ‫الواثق‬
Confiscation ‫المصادره‬
Conflict ‫ المعركة الصدام‬- - ‫الصراع‬
Confrontation ‫ المجابهة‬- ‫المواجهة‬
Confutation ‫ البطلن‬- ‫التفنيد‬
Congealed Blood ‫العلق‬
Congregation ‫الجمعة‬ - ‫ الحشد‬- ‫الجمهور‬
Congregational Prayers ‫جموع المصلين‬
Congress ‫المؤتمر‬
Connexion - ‫القرابة النسب‬
Conquer - ‫يقهر يظفر‬
Conquest ‫الفتح‬ - ‫النصر‬
The Conquest of Mecca ‫فتح مكـــة‬
.The Conquest of Mecca : Muslims conquered Mecca in 8 A.H./630 A.D
Conscience ‫ضمير‬
Consensus Of Opinion ‫اجماع‬ ‫الرأي‬
Consensus Omnium ‫الجماع العام‬
Consent ‫ التسليم‬- ‫الرضا‬
Consequence - ‫العاقبة النتيجة‬
Conservatory ‫الحافظ‬
Consols ‫الدين الموحد‬
Conspicuous ‫الظاهر‬
Conspiracy ‫المؤامرة‬
Constancy ‫الثبات‬

34
‫‪Constant‬‬ ‫الثابت‬ ‫الراسخ‬
‫الفزع ‪Consternation‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫الزهول‬
‫المجلس التأسيسي ‪Constituent‬‬
‫الدستور ‪Constitution‬‬
‫الشوري ‪Consultation‬‬
‫‪Contemplation‬‬ ‫التفكر‬
‫‪Contemplative Science‬‬ ‫التصوف علم‬
‫‪Content‬‬ ‫القناعة‬
‫‪Contention‬‬ ‫‪ -‬الخصام‬ ‫النزاع‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫المناظرة‬
‫‪Contest‬‬ ‫الجدال الخصام ‪-‬‬
‫‪Continence‬‬ ‫العفة‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫العصمة‬
‫الدوام ‪Continuance‬‬ ‫البقاء‬
‫متناقضة ‪Contradictory‬‬
‫تناقض ‪Contravention‬‬
‫‪Contract‬‬ ‫العقد‬
‫القبض ‪Contraction‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫النقباض‬
‫‪ -‬التناقض ‪Contradiction‬‬ ‫المقاومة‬
‫التمايز ‪Contradistinct‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫التفاضل‬
‫‪Contrast‬‬ ‫‪ -‬التباين‬ ‫التضاد‬
‫العانة ‪Contribution‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫المدد‬
‫التدبير ‪Contrivance‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫الحيلة‬
‫الجدلي ‪Controversial‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫التناظري‬
‫الجدل ‪Controversy‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫الخصام‬
‫‪ -‬المتمرد ‪Contumacious‬‬ ‫العنيد‬
‫‪Contumacy‬‬ ‫التمرد‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫العناد‬
‫اللغز ‪conundrum‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫الوهم‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫الطلسم‬
‫الميثاق ‪convenance‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫العهد‬
‫‪Convenant‬‬ ‫‪ -‬الخانقاه الميثاق‬
‫‪ -‬النشراح ‪Convenience‬‬ ‫الرضا‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫اليسر‬

‫‪35‬‬
‫‪Convent‬‬ ‫الدير‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫الصومعة‬
‫‪Convention‬‬ ‫‪ -‬المعاهدة‬ ‫‪ -‬العرف ‪ -‬التقاليد‬
‫التفاق‬
‫الكفارة ‪Convergings‬‬
‫‪Converser‬‬ ‫الكليم‬
‫‪Converser of god‬‬ ‫كليم الله‬
‫‪Convert‬‬ ‫المهتدي‬
‫‪Convict‬‬ ‫‪ -‬الجاني‬ ‫المدان‬
‫‪Conviction‬‬ ‫‪ -‬القناع‬ ‫القتناع‬
‫حق اليقين ‪Conviction of truth‬‬
‫‪Convincing‬‬ ‫المقنع‬
‫الجمع ‪Convocation‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫الستدعاء‬
‫‪Convulsion‬‬ ‫الفتنة‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫الضطراب‬ ‫‪ -‬التشنج‬
‫التعاون ‪Co-operation‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫التعاضد‬
‫‪Copartner‬‬ ‫‪ -‬الشريك‬ ‫المشارك‬
‫الفيض ‪ -‬الكثرة ‪Copiousness‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫الوفرة‬
‫القبطي ‪Copt‬‬
‫القبطي ‪Coptic‬‬
‫‪Copyist‬‬ ‫‪ -‬الوراق‬ ‫النساخ‬
‫‪Cororation‬‬ ‫‪ - -‬التحاد الجمعية‬ ‫النقابة‬
‫الجدية ‪Correctitude‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫الستقامة‬
‫التقوية ‪Corroboration‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪ -‬التعزيز‬ ‫التأييد‬
‫‪Corruption‬‬ ‫‪ -‬الفساد التحريف‬ ‫الرشوة ‪-‬‬
‫النحلل‬
‫القرصان ‪Corsair‬‬
‫‪Cortege‬‬ ‫‪ -‬الحاشية‬ ‫البطانة‬
‫‪Cosmos‬‬ ‫الكون‬
‫‪Cot‬‬ ‫الكوخ‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫الصومعة‬
‫‪Council‬‬ ‫المجلس ‪-‬‬ ‫المشورة‬
‫‪Councilor‬‬ ‫المشير‬

‫‪36‬‬
Counsel ‫الشوري‬
Counselor ‫ الناصح‬- ‫المشير‬ - ‫الموجه‬
Countenancer ‫المؤيد‬ - ‫المثبت‬
Counter the ‫المحصي‬
Countermand ‫النسخ‬ - ‫النقض‬ - ‫البطال‬
Courage ‫الشجاعة‬
Courageous ‫الشجاع‬
Court ‫البلط‬ - ‫الفناء‬ - ‫الساحة‬
"The coursers". 'Adiat (Al) ‫العاديات‬
"The coursers". "Coursers" refer to war horses when they charge,
stamp their hooves, breathe heavily and snort in the course of the
confusion of battle. Surah 100 of the Holy Qur'an.

Courteous
-‫البشوش اللطيف‬
Courtesy
‫ الدماثة‬- ‫الدب‬
Courtyard
‫الفناء‬ - ‫الساحة‬
Covered
‫المدثر‬
Covering
‫ الغاشية‬- ‫البرقع‬
- ‫الغشاوة‬
Coy
‫ المحتشم‬- ‫الخجول‬
Crackbrain
‫الغفلـة‬
Cradle
‫المهـد‬
Creation
‫الخلق‬
Creator
‫الخالق‬
Creatures
‫المخلوقات‬
Credence
- ‫التصديق – اليمان‬
‫الثقة‬
Credendum
‫العقيدة‬
Creditable
‫ المشكور‬- ‫الحميد‬
Credulous
‫الساذج‬
Creed
‫ الملة – كلمة‬- ‫العقيدة‬

37
 ‫الشهادة‬
‫‪Crescentade‬‬
‫الجهـاد‬
‫‪Crier‬‬
‫المنادى ‪ -‬المؤذن‬
‫‪Crime‬‬
‫‪ -‬الجريمة‬ ‫الذنب‬
‫‪Criminal‬‬
‫المذنب ‪ -‬الجانى‬
‫‪Crisis‬‬
‫الزمة‬
‫‪Cross‬‬
‫الصليب‬
‫‪Crowd‬‬
‫حشد ‪ -‬جمهرة‬
‫‪Crown‬‬
‫‪-‬التاج‬ ‫الكليل‬
‫‪Crown prince‬‬
‫ولى العهد‬
‫‪Crucifixion‬‬
‫الصلب‬
‫‪Cruel‬‬
‫الطاغى ‪ -‬القاسى‬
‫‪Cruelty‬‬
‫الوحشية ‪ -‬القسوة‬
‫‪Crusade‬‬
‫الحرب الصليبية‬
‫‪Crusaders‬‬
‫الصليبيون‬
‫‪Culmination‬‬
‫بلوغ الذروة‬
‫‪Cult‬‬
‫المعتقد الدينى‬
‫‪Cult ancestor‬‬
‫عبادة السلف‬
‫‪Culture‬‬
‫الحضارة ‪ -‬الثقافة‬
‫‪Curate‬‬
‫الكاهن‬
‫‪Curmudgeon‬‬
‫البخيل الشحيح‬
‫‪Custodian‬‬
‫القيم الوصي‬
‫المين‬
‫‪Custody‬‬
‫العتقال‬
‫‪Custom‬‬
‫العرف‬
‫‪Customs‬‬
‫الجمارك‬
‫‪Czar‬‬
‫القيصر‬
‫‪Czarina‬‬
‫القيصرة‬
‫‪D‬‬

‫‪38‬‬
Dahr (Ad)The Time ‫الدهــــــر‬
"The Time". Another name for Suratul Insan. Surah 76 of the Holy
Qur'an. Ad-Dahr indicates the space/time continuum.
Dajjal(Ad) Anti-Christ ‫الدجــــــال‬
Anti-Christ. Also known as Maseeh ad-Dajjal. See Ahadeeth regarding
"the Final Hour" in both Sahih books. Sahih Bukhari, Hadith 649, 650,
Vol.4. Sahih Muslim, Kitab al-Fitan wa Isharat as-Say'ah.
Dark ages ‫العصور المظلمة‬
Darkness Dhulumaat ‫ظلمــــات‬
Darkness. In the sense of lurking danger. See Holy Qur' an, Al- An'aam
(6):63. This is where the word Dhulm (injustice) is derived, for injustice
in whatever form is an evil darkness.
Dash ‫الصدمة‬ - ‫الصدام‬
Dawn ‫الفجر‬
Dawood , (Peace be upon him) ‫داوود عليه‬
‫السلم‬
David. A prophet of Islam. The prophet to whom the Zabour was
revealed, and who fought Jalut (Goliath) and killed him. See Holy
Qur'an, Saad (38):17-26. See Mursaleen.
Daybreak ‫الفلق‬
Day of assembly ‫يوم الحشر‬
Day of eternity ‫يوم الخلود‬
Day of exodus ‫الخروج يوم‬

Day of gathering ‫يوم الجمع‬

Day of judgment ‫يوم الفصل‬
Day of meeting ‫يوم التلق‬
Day of resurrection ‫يوم القيامة‬

Day of sacrifice ‫يوم النحر‬

Day of threatening ‫يوم الوعيد‬

Daybreak ‫الفلق‬ - ‫الفجر‬

39
‫‪Deadly‬‬ ‫المميت‬
‫القحط ‪Dearth‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫المجاعة‬
‫الفناء ‪Death‬‬

‫‪Debating‬‬ ‫المباحثة‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫المجادلة‬

‫الغواية ‪Debauching‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫الفسوق‬
‫‪Debenture‬‬ ‫السند‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫الصك‬
‫‪Deceitless‬‬ ‫المين‬ ‫المستقيم‬ ‫الصالح‬
‫‪Deception‬‬ ‫‪Ghayy‬‬ ‫الغى‬
‫‪Deception. Name of a pit in Hellfire.‬‬
‫‪Deception‬‬ ‫الغش‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫الخداع‬
‫العلن ‪Declaration‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫البيان‬ ‫‪ -‬اليضاح‬
‫‪Declaration of war‬‬ ‫اعلن الحرب‬
‫أعمال ‪Deeds‬‬

‫‪Default‬‬ ‫القصورالهمال ‪-‬‬

‫‪ -‬الهزيمة ‪Defeat‬‬ ‫النهزام‬
‫‪Defenes‬‬ ‫الحصون‬
‫‪Defiance‬‬ ‫التحدى‬
‫‪Defrauding‬‬ ‫‪ -‬الغلول‬ ‫الخيانة في المغنم‬
‫التواضع ‪Deign‬‬

‫‪Delegate‬‬ ‫‪ -‬يفوض المبعوث‬

‫‪Delegating‬‬ ‫التفويض ‪-‬‬ ‫النابة‬
‫العتق التحرير ‪Deliverance -‬‬

‫الطوفان ‪Deluge‬‬

‫القتضاء ‪Demanding‬‬

‫‪Dementia‬‬ ‫العته‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫البلهة‬

‫‪40‬‬
‫‪Democratism‬‬ ‫الديمقراطية‬
‫‪Demolishment‬‬ ‫‪ -‬التحطيم‬ ‫التخريب‬
‫‪Demon‬‬ ‫العفريت‬
‫‪Demonstration‬‬ ‫العلم‬ ‫‪ -‬اليقين‬ ‫البرهان‬
‫مله ‪Denomination -‬‬ ‫طائفة دينية‬
‫التعصب ‪Denominationalism‬‬

‫‪Denotation‬‬ ‫التعيين‬
‫‪Denying‬‬ ‫المنكر‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫الجاحد‬
‫‪Deposed‬‬ ‫‪ -‬المخلوع‬ ‫المعزول‬
‫‪ -‬الفساد ‪Depravation‬‬ ‫الغواية‬
‫‪Deprecate‬‬ ‫‪ -‬يستعيذ‬ ‫يسترحم‬
‫الستعاذة ‪Deprecating‬‬

‫‪Deputation‬‬ ‫التفويض‬
‫‪Deputy‬‬ ‫النائب‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫الوكيل‬
‫‪Deputies‬‬ ‫نواب‬
‫‪ -‬الرتباك ‪Derangement‬‬ ‫التخبط‬
‫الفوضى ‪Deray‬‬

‫‪Derision‬‬ ‫‪ -‬السخرية‬ ‫الستهزاء‬

‫السليل ‪Descendant‬‬

‫الحفاد ‪Descendants‬‬

‫‪ -‬التدنيس ‪Desecration‬‬ ‫النتهاك‬

‫البتغاء ‪Desideration‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫الرغبة‬
‫التمييز ‪Designation‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫التعيين‬
‫الشهوة الرغبة ‪Desire -‬‬

‫‪41‬‬
‫‪Desolateness‬‬ ‫‪ -‬الخراب‬ ‫الدمار‬
‫‪Desolation‬‬ ‫‪ -‬الخراب‬ ‫الدمار‬
‫‪Despair‬‬ ‫اليأس‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫القنوط‬
‫‪Dispatch‬‬ ‫البلغ‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫الرسالة‬
‫اليأس ‪Desperation‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫القنوط‬
‫‪Despoiling‬‬ ‫‪ -‬السلب‬ ‫النهب‬
‫السلب ‪Despoilment‬‬ ‫الغتصاب ‪ -‬النهب ‪-‬‬
‫اليائس ‪Despondent‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫القانط‬
‫‪ -‬المستبد ‪Despot‬‬ ‫الظالم‬
‫‪Despotism‬‬ ‫‪ -‬الستبدادية‬ ‫الطغيانية‬
‫التعيين ‪Destination‬‬

‫‪Destinism‬‬ ‫‪ -‬القضاء‬ ‫القدر‬

‫‪Destiny‬‬ ‫‪ -‬المصير‬ ‫القدر‬
‫‪Destroyer‬‬ ‫المذل‬
‫الهدم ‪Destruction‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪ -‬التدمير‬ ‫التخريب‬
‫‪Detention‬‬ ‫‪ -‬العاقة‬ ‫التعويق‬
‫الفساد ‪Deterioration‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫العبث‬
‫الجبرية ‪Determinism‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫الحتمية‬
‫الكره المقت ‪Detestation -‬‬

‫التدمير ‪Devastation‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫التخريب‬

‫التطور ‪Development‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫النمو‬
‫‪Deviance‬‬ ‫انحراف‬
‫‪Deviation‬‬ ‫‪ -‬النحراف‬ ‫الزيغ‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫الضلل‬
‫الشيطان ‪Devil‬‬

‫‪42‬‬
Devoutness - ‫الورع التقوى‬ ‫ النسك‬-
Dhimmi A non-Muslim ‫الــذمـــى‬
A non-Muslim living under the protection of Islamic rule.
Dhul-Kifl ‫ذو الكفـــــــل‬
Dhul-Kifl A (Ezekiel) was a Rasul (Messenger) of Allah (God). He is
mentioned at several places in the Holy Qur-an (21:85-86; 38:48).
Dhul-Kifl A (Ezekiel) was a Rasul (Messenger) sent to the Israelites. He
commanded them to wage a war against the mischievous people, but
they refused it for the fear of death. Allah (God) punished them with
death by a plague and huge blasts. No one amongst them remained
alive to even bury the dead. Dhul-Kifl A (Ezekiel) was praying to Allah
(God) in seclusion for giving Hidayah (Guidance) to his people. When
he came out, he saw the putrefied bodies of his followers. Although his
people disobeyed him, he was deeply aggrieved by their fate. He
made Du’a (Supplication) to Allah (God) to give their lives back to
them. Allah (God) listened to his request and brought the followers of
Dhul-Kifl A (Ezekiel) back to life (The Holy Qur-an 2:280). Muslims
believe in Dhul-Kifl A (Ezekiel) and all other Rusul (Messengers) of
Allah (God).
Dhulm injustice ‫ظلـــــم‬
Usually wrongly spelled as Zulm. It means injustice, harm, wrongdoing
or transgression either against oneself or someone else.
1. Against oneself. Doing deeds or saying words which will bring
the displeasure of Allah Ta'ala. These deeds may be physical or
spiritual that will ultimately harm the soul.
2. Against others. In any form whatsoever, whether they he
physical or mental. See Holy Qur'an, Al-Baqara (2)35. Its
opposite is Nur, light. See Nur.
Dhu'l Qarnain ‫ذو القرنين‬
One of the greatest rulers of ancient history. He was a true believer in
Allah Ta'ala. See Holy Qur'an, Al-Kahf(18):83.
ialectic‫الجدل‬
Dictator ‫المطلق الحاكم‬
Dictatorship ‫الحكم‬ ‫المطلق‬
Differing - ‫الختلف‬ ‫التباين‬
Diffidence ‫التواكل‬
Diffident ‫الخجول‬

43
‫‪Dignity‬‬ ‫الكرامة‬
‫الخراب ‪Dilapidation‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫التخريب‬
‫‪Dilatation‬‬ ‫التمدد‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫النبساط‬
‫‪Diluvium‬‬ ‫الطوفان‬
‫‪Director‬‬ ‫‪ -‬الهادى‬ ‫الموجه‬
‫‪Dirham‬‬ ‫درهم ‪A silver coin‬‬

‫‪Dirt‬‬ ‫الدنس‬
‫‪Disabused‬‬ ‫‪ -‬المهدى‬ ‫المرشد‬
‫النقض ‪Disaffirmation‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫النكار‬
‫‪ -‬الختلف ‪Disagreement‬‬ ‫‪ -‬التنافر‬ ‫التباين‬
‫‪Disaster‬‬ ‫‪ -‬الواقعة‬ ‫الكارثة‬
‫‪Disbelief‬‬ ‫‪ -‬الجحود الكفر ‪-‬‬ ‫الشك‬
‫الخصام ‪Disceptation‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫النقاش‬
‫‪Disciple‬‬ ‫‪ -‬الحوارى‬ ‫المريد‬
‫‪Discipline‬‬ ‫‪ -‬النظام‬ ‫التهذيب‬
‫‪ -‬المهزوم ‪Discomfited‬‬ ‫المغلوب‬
‫الضطراب ‪Discomposure‬‬

‫‪Discord‬‬ ‫‪Shiqaaq‬‬ ‫شقاق‬

‫‪Discreation‬‬ ‫الهدم‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫التحطيم‬
‫‪Discrimination‬‬ ‫‪ -‬الفرقان‬ ‫‪ -‬التفرقة‬
‫العنصر‬
‫التبرير ‪Disculpation‬‬

‫التشويه ‪Disfiguration‬‬

‫‪Dishonest‬‬ ‫الخائن‬

‫‪44‬‬
Dishonesty ‫الخيانة‬
Disloyalty ‫الغدر‬ - ‫الخيانة‬
Dismissal ‫الطرد‬ - ‫العزل‬
Disobedience ‫العصيان‬

Disorganization ‫ الفساد‬- ‫الفوضي‬

Dispiteous ‫العاق‬ - ‫الجبار‬
Disposition ‫الخلق الطيبة‬
Dispositional ‫الغربزي الفطري‬

Dispute ‫المجادلة‬
Dissemble ‫ينافق‬
Dissimulator ‫المنافق‬

Dissocial ‫الفظ‬
Dissolute ‫الفاسق‬
Dissuasion ‫النصح‬ - ‫الرشاد‬
Distingction ‫تفرقة‬

Distinguished ‫المميز‬

Distrust ‫الشك‬ - ‫الرتياب‬

Disturbance ‫الضطراب‬ - ‫الفتنة‬
Disunionism ‫النفصالية‬

Ditch ‫الخندق‬

Divided ‫المقسوم‬
Dividing ‫التقسيم‬
Divination ‫الكهانة‬
Divine ‫اللهي‬

45
Divine assistance ‫تأييد إلهى‬
Divine justice ‫العدل اللهي‬

Divine names ‫السماء الحسنى‬

Divine omnipotence ‫الهيمنة اللهية‬

Divine providence ‫العناية اللهية‬

Divine right ‫الحق اللهى‬

Divine saying ‫الحديث القدسي‬

Divinity ‫اللهوت‬
Divorcement ‫الطلق‬

Diya Blood money ‫ديـــــه‬

Blood money, paid as compensation for killing, wounding, etc. Plural:
Diyaat.
Doctrine ‫عقيدة‬
Dogmatism ‫العقيدية‬

Doleful ‫الكظيم‬

Dolt ‫الحمق‬
Domains ‫حكم‬
Domesday ‫يوم الحساب‬
Domesticity ‫اللفة‬

Dominance ‫ السيادة‬- ‫السيطرة‬

Dominant ‫القهار‬
Domination ‫الغلبة‬ - ‫السيطرة‬
Dominion ‫ الملكية السلطة‬-
Doomsday ‫يوم الحساب‬
Doubt - ‫الشك‬ ‫التردد‬

46
Doxy ‫الرأى‬ - ‫العقيدة‬
Dread ‫الرهبة‬
Drive ‫باعث‬
Duha (Ad) Forenoon ‫الضحي‬
"Forenoon": The mid-morning hours. Surah 93 of the Holy Qur'an.
Dukhan The Smoke ‫الدخـــان‬
"The Smoke". Surah 44 of the Holy Qur'an. One of the signs of the
proximity of the Last Day.
Duties ‫واجبات‬
Dwelling ‫ المقام‬- ‫السكن‬
Dwelling of peace ‫دار السلم‬
Dynasty - ‫الملك الوراثي السرة المالكة‬
E
(The) Earthquake Zalzalah ‫زلزلــــــه‬
"The Earthquake". One of the names of the Yaum al-Qiama. See Surah
99 of the Holy Qur'an.
Eagar ‫المتحمس‬
Eagerness ‫ الجتهاد‬- ‫ الحمية‬- ‫الحماس‬
Eblis ‫ابليس‬

Edict ‫المر‬ - - ‫المرسوم‬ ‫الحكم‬

Efface - ‫يبطل‬ ‫ينسخ‬
Effacement - ‫المحو‬ ‫الزالة‬
Effect ‫التأثير‬ - ‫الغرض‬
Effection ‫ التكوين‬- ‫التسبيب‬
Efficiency ‫ الكفاية‬- ‫القدرة‬
Egging ‫الغراء‬ - ‫التحريض‬
Eid a festivity ‫العيـــــد‬

47
The word 'Eid is an Arabic name to mean a festivity, a celebration, a
recurring happiness, and a feast. In Islam, there are two major 'Eids
namely the feast of Ramadhan ('EId Al-Fitr) and the Feast of Sacrifice
('Eid Al-Adhha). The first 'Eid is celebrated by Muslims after fasting the
month of Ramadhan as a matter of thanks and gratitude to Almighty
Allah. It takes place on the first day of Shawwal, the tenth month of
the lunar calendar. The second 'Eid is the Feast of Sacrifice and it is to
be celebrated for the memory of prophet Ibrahim trying to sacrifice his
son Isma'il (Ishmael). This 'Eid lasts four days between the tenth and
the thirteenth day of Zul-Hijjah, the twelfth month of the lunar
calendar.
Eid Al-Adha ‫عيد الضحي‬
A four-day festival that completes the rites of pilgrimage and takes
place on the 10th-13th of DhuI Hijjah(the 10th is the day of Nahr and
11th-13th are the days of Tashriq). Literally means "the feast of the
sacrifice". This feast commemorates the Prophet Ibrahim's obedience
to Allah by being prepared to sacrifice his only son Ismael, peace be
on both of them. See Holy Qur' an, As-Saffaat (37)~1OO-1O3.
Eid Al-Fitr ‫عيد الفطـــــر‬
Three-day festival marking the end of Ramadan. It takes place on the
1st of Shawal, the 10th month of the Islamic calendar.
Amr Bill Ma' roof Enjoining the good ‫المر‬
‫بالمعروف‬
Enjoining the good. The full version is "Amr bill Ma'roofwa nahi 'anil
Munkar", (enjoining the good and forbidding the evil).
Ejaculation ‫ التهليل‬- ‫التحميد‬
Elect ‫المصطفي‬

Elegy ‫الرثاء‬

Elementalism ‫العنصرية‬

Elevation ‫العروج‬
Elite ‫النخبة‬ - ‫ الصفوة‬- ‫الملء‬
Eloquence ‫البيان‬ - ‫الفصاحة‬
Embassador ‫السفير‬

Embattle ‫يحصن‬
Ember ‫الجمرة‬

48
Emblem ‫ الشعار‬- ‫الرمز‬
Emblement ‫الريع‬

Embrace ‫يعتنق‬
Emendator ‫المصلح‬
Emergent-year ‫بدء التقويم‬
Emigrant ‫المهاجر‬
Emigration ‫الهجرة‬
Emissary ‫المبعوث‬
Emission ‫البعث‬ ‫ الخروج‬- ‫ النبعاث‬-
Emperor ‫المبرطور‬
Empery ‫السلطة‬
Empire ‫المبراطورية‬

Empress ‫المبرطورة‬
Emptiness ‫الخلء‬ - ‫الفراغ‬
Emulation ‫المنافسة‬
Enactment - ‫القانون‬- ‫الشريعة‬ ‫السنة‬
Enchanting ‫ الرقية‬- ‫الفتنة‬ - ‫السحر‬
Encouragement ‫التشجيع‬
Encroachment ‫ العتداء‬- ‫التطاول‬
Endemic ‫المستوطن‬
Ending ‫الخاتمة‬ - ‫النهاية‬
Endowment Waqf ‫وقف‬
Endowment. A charitable trust in the Name of Allah, usually in
perpetuity, and usually for the purposes of establishing the Deen of
Islam, teaching useful knowledge, feeding the poor or treating the
sick.

49
‫‪Endowment‬‬ ‫المهر‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫الصداق‬
‫‪Enduring‬‬ ‫‪ -‬الباقي‬ ‫الدائم‬
‫‪Enfolded‬‬ ‫المدثر‬
‫الجبر الكراه ‪Enforcement -‬‬

‫‪Enfranchisement‬‬ ‫العتق‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫التحرير‬

‫الترقية ‪Enhancement‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫التزكية‬
‫‪Enricher‬‬ ‫المغني‬
‫الستعباد ‪Enslavement‬‬

‫السترقاق ‪Enthrallment‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫الستعباد‬

‫‪ -‬الحماسة ‪Enthusiasm‬‬ ‫القدام‬
‫‪Enticement‬‬ ‫التضليل الغواء ‪-‬‬
‫التضرع ‪Entreatment‬‬

‫‪Entreaty‬‬ ‫التضرع‬
‫الخندق ‪Entrenchment‬‬

‫المبين ‪Enucleator‬‬

‫‪Envious‬‬ ‫الحاسد‬
‫‪ -‬المبعوث الرسول ‪Envoy‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫المعتمد‬
‫الحسد ‪Envy‬‬

‫المدثر ‪Enwraped‬‬

‫الخاتمة ‪Epilogue‬‬

‫‪Equality‬‬ ‫المساواة‬
‫‪Equitable‬‬ ‫‪ -‬العادل‬ ‫المنصف ‪-‬‬ ‫المقسط‬
‫‪Equitation‬‬ ‫الفروسية‬
‫القسط ‪Equity‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫العدل‬

‫‪50‬‬
‫‪Equivalent‬‬ ‫المكافئ‬
‫‪Era‬‬ ‫الزمن‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫العصر‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫الحقبة‬
‫الماحي ‪Eraser‬‬

‫‪Erasing‬‬ ‫العفو‬
‫‪ -‬المنتصب ‪Erect‬‬ ‫‪ -‬المعتدل‬ ‫القويم‬
‫الزاهد ‪Eremite‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫الناسك‬
‫الجدلي ‪Eristic‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫النقاشي‬
‫‪ -‬الضلل ‪Erantry‬‬ ‫الشرود‬
‫ضلل ‪Eroneously‬‬

‫الخطيئة ‪Eroneousnes‬‬

‫الغى ‪Error‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫الخطأ‬

‫لقمان ‪Esop‬‬

‫‪Esoteric‬‬ ‫‪ -‬الباطني‬ ‫السري‬

‫‪ -‬المل ‪Esperance‬‬ ‫الرجاء‬
‫التجسس ‪Espionage‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫الجاسوسية‬
‫‪ -‬الستحسان ‪Esponsal‬‬ ‫الرضا‬
‫الروح ‪Esprit‬‬

‫الوجود ‪Esse‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫الكينونة‬

‫‪Essential‬‬ ‫جوهرية‬
‫الصمد ‪Established‬‬
‫‪-‬التأسيس ‪Establishment‬‬ ‫‪ -‬الرسوخ‬ ‫الشرعي‬
‫‪ -‬التقدير ‪Esteem‬‬ ‫‪ -‬الجلل‬ ‫التقدير‬
‫‪Estovers‬‬ ‫المباح‬ ‫لضرورة‬
‫النفورالتباغض‪Estrangement -‬‬
‫الباقي ‪Eternal‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫الصمد البدي‬
‫‪Eternity‬‬ ‫)‪(Infinit‬‬ ‫‪Abd‬‬ ‫أبد‬

‫‪51‬‬
Ethics ‫الخلق‬
Etiology ‫السبية العلية‬
Evaluation ‫التقدير‬
Evanescent ‫الفاني‬ - ‫الزائل‬
Evangelization ‫التبشير‬
Eve Hawwa ‫حواء‬
Eve, wife of Adam, peace be on them. She bore many children. Every
time she gave birth, they were twins, one male and one female. Each
twin married the twin of the other. The two most famous of her
offspring were Habil (Abel) and Qaabil (Cain).
Event ‫ الواقعة‬- ‫الحدث‬
Everlasting ‫الخالدون‬ - ‫الدائم‬ - ‫الباقي‬
Evidence - ‫الشهادة‬ ‫البينة‬ -‫ الحجة‬-
‫البرهان‬
Evident ‫الظاهر‬
Evil -‫الشيطان الشر‬
Evolution ‫تطور‬
Exact ‫التام‬- ‫الكامل‬
Exacting ‫الغتصاب‬ - ‫ الكراه‬- ‫الظلم‬
‫ا‬
Exaction ‫الغتصاب‬ - ‫الظلم‬
Exaltation ‫التشريف‬
Exalted ‫ المتعالي‬- ‫العلي‬
Exalter ‫الرافع‬
Excaudate ‫البتر‬
Exclamation ‫النداء‬ - ‫الستصراخ‬
Exculpation ‫التبرئة‬ - ‫التبرير‬
Excuse ‫العذر‬
Execution ‫ العدام‬- ‫الهلك‬
Executor ‫الوصي‬
Exegesis ‫علم التفسير‬

52
‫‪Exegeste‬‬ ‫‪ -‬المفسر‬ ‫الشارح‬
‫العفاء ‪Exemption‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫البراءة‬
‫الجتهاد ‪Exertion‬‬
‫النفي ‪Exile‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪ -‬الهجرة‬ ‫الجلء‬
‫‪Exilement‬‬ ‫النفي‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫البعاد‬
‫‪ -‬الكون ‪Existence‬‬ ‫‪ -‬الوجود‬ ‫البقاء‬
‫الجور ‪Exorbitance‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫الظلم‬
‫الدعوة ‪Exorcism‬‬
‫‪Expanding‬‬ ‫النشراح‬
‫‪Expansion‬‬ ‫‪ -‬التوسع‬ ‫التمد‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫البسط‬
‫النفي ‪Expatriation‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪ -‬الجلء‬ ‫السبي‬
‫‪Expedition‬‬ ‫حملة‬
‫‪Expending‬‬ ‫النفاق‬
‫المبذر ‪Expensive‬‬
‫الخبرة ‪Experiment‬‬
‫‪Expiable‬‬ ‫يكفر‬ ‫يفدي‬
‫الفدية ‪Expiation‬‬
‫التفسير ‪Explaining‬‬
‫المأثرة ‪Exploit‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪ -‬المفخرة‬ ‫العمل الفذ‬
‫الستغلل ‪Exploitation‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫الستفادة‬
‫‪ -‬الشارح ‪Exponent‬‬ ‫المفسر‬
‫الشرح ‪Expositiopn‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫البيان‬
‫النذار ‪Expostulation‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫النصح‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫التحذير‬
‫المفتي ‪Expounder‬‬
‫الفتح ‪Expugnance‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫القهر‬
‫‪ -‬الفاتح ‪Expugner‬‬ ‫‪ -‬القاهر‬ ‫الغازي‬
‫التطهير ‪Expurgation‬‬
‫المد ‪Extension‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪ -‬البسط‬ ‫التوسع‬
‫‪Extinction‬‬ ‫الفناء‬
‫السراف ‪Extravagance‬‬

‫‪53‬‬
Extravagant ‫المسرف‬
Extrusion ‫الطرد‬
Eyewitnes ‫الشاهد‬
F
Fa ‫النصيب المقسوم‬
Fable ‫الخرافة السطورة‬
Facilitation ‫التيسير‬
Facility ‫ السهولة‬- ‫اليسر‬
Facing ‫المواجهة‬
Faction ‫الحزب‬
Factor ‫العامل‬ - - ‫الوكيل الباعث‬
Faculty ‫ملكه‬- ‫قدرة خاصه‬
acultie ‫ الصفوة‬- ‫النخبة‬
Fad ‫بدعه‬
Fade ‫ الغث‬- ‫التافه‬
Fai ‫فىء‬
War booty gained without fighting.
Failure-‫الخسران الفشل‬
Fairy ‫ الجن‬- ‫الجان‬
Fairyism ‫العبقرية‬
Iman faith ‫ايمـــان‬
Trust, faith and acceptance. Having faith and believing in:
Allah Ta'ala. To affirm with the tongue, believe in the heart
and confirm through action the following:
His Existence.
His Lordship.
His Worship.
His Names and Attributes.
Belief in His angels.
Belief in His revealed Books.
Belief in His messengers, without making any distinction
between them.
Belief in the Hour and the Judgement and the Fire and the
Garden.

54
 Belief in the Divine decrees of Allah Ta'ala, both the good
and the evil. See Holy Qur'an, Al-Baqara (2):285. See
Mursaleen .
Faithful ‫المعتقد‬
Faithful the ‫المؤمنون‬
Faithful spirit ‫الروح المين‬
Faithfulness ‫ الخلص‬-‫المانة‬
Fajr (Al) The Dawn ‫الفجـــــر‬
"The Dawn". The time of the first obligatory Salat (Prayer). It can be
prayed at any time between the first light of dawn and just before
sunrise. Also called Subh (morning).Surah 89 of the Holy Qur'an.
Falaah Success ‫الفـــــــــلح‬
Success. Real success lies in "enjoining what is right and forbidding
what is evil..." (Surah Aali Imran (3):104). One of the sentences that is
said during the Adhan and Iqama, "Haya 'alal Falaah" (Come to
Success). Other derivations: Muflih = the person who is successful, the
person whose deeds and actions have gained Allah Ta'ala's pleasure.
See Holy Qur'an, Surah Al-Baqara (2): 1-5. See Aflaha: He has
succeeded.
Falaq (Al)The Daybreak ‫الفــلق‬
"The Daybreak" Surah 113 of the Holy Qur'an.
False ‫ الزور‬- ‫البهتان‬
Falsehearted ‫الماكر‬ - ‫الخائن‬
Falshod ‫الزور‬
Falsity ‫الكذب‬ - ‫الزور‬
Fame ‫السمعة‬ - ‫الصيت‬
The family of 'Imran Aali 'Imran ‫آل‬
‫عمران‬
. 'Imran was the father of Mariam, the mother of the
Prophet Isa (Jesus), peace be on them.
Fanal ‫المنارة‬
Fanaticism ‫التعصب‬
Fancy ‫الوسواس‬ - ‫الظن‬ - ‫الزعم‬
Faqeeh ‫فقيه‬
An Islamic scholar who can give an authoritative legal opinion or
judgement.

55
Fard 'Ain ‫فرض العين‬
An action which is obligatory on every Muslim.
Fard Al-Kifaya Collective duty ‫فرض الكفاية‬
Collective duty. A duty on all the community; but if it is fulfilled by a
part of that community then the rest are not obliged to fulfill it.
Fare ‫الجر‬
Farewell ‫الوداع‬
Faridha A duty ‫فريضــــة‬
A duty enjoined on all Muslims. Plural: Fara'idh.
Farsakh League ‫فرســخ‬
League; about three miles.
Faruq ‫الفاروق‬
This was the name given to Umar ibn Al-Khattab. It means 'One who
distinguishes the truth from falsehood'.
Fascination ‫الفتنة‬ ‫السحر‬
Fash ‫التعب‬
Fasting Seeaam ‫صيــــام‬
Fasting, from food and drink - and from sexual intercourse if you are
married during daylight, from the first light of dawn until sunset. Also
spelled as Saum. Fasting in the month of Ramadan is one of the Arkan
(five pillars) of Islam. Allah Ta' ala has made it obligatory on every
Muslim whether man or woman, with the exception of:
1. A person who is ill.
2. A person on ajourney of 16 Farsakhs (48 miles) or more.
3. A woman who is menstruating or who has just given birth.
Once these situations no longer apply, the missed days must
be compensated. The very young are exempted.The aged
should fast, but if they find it difficult then they too are
exempted and may feed poor people instead. See Holy Qur'an,
Al-Baqara (2):184-185, 187.
Fatalism ‫مذهب الجبر‬
Fatality ‫القضاء‬
Fate ‫النصيب‬ - ‫القضاء‬
Fated ‫الحتمية‬
Fath (Al) The Victory ‫الفتــــح‬
"The Victory". Surah 48 of the Holy Qur'an.
Fatiha The Opening Chapter ‫الفاتحة‬
"The Opening Chapter". Another name for Suratul-Hamd. Surah 1 of
the Holy Qur'an.

56
Fat'han Mubeena Manifest Victory ‫الفتح‬
‫المبين‬
"Manifest Victory". The manifest victory that is referred to here is the
peace treaty of Hudaibiyah. It was one of the greatest victories which
the newly-born Islamic Ummah (nation) gained. On face value it
seemed like a great setback for the Muslims, but in fact it was, by the
will of Allah Ta'ala, one of the main means by which the Muslims
consolidated and grew. See Holy Qur'an, Surah Al-Fath (48).
Fatima May Allah be pleased with her ‫فاطمه‬
Daughter of the Holy Prophet Muhammad, may Allah bless him and
grant him peace. She is one of the four greatest women ever created
by Allah Ta'ala. The other three are:
1. Mariam (Mary), Mother of Prophet Isa (Jesus), peace be on him.
2. Asiya, the wife of Fir'aun (Pharaoh).
3. Khadija ,may Allah be pleased with her, the first wife of the
Prophet Muhammad, may the blessing of Allah be on him and
on all his wives and family.
The Fatimids (909-1171 A.D.) ‫الفاطمية‬ ‫الخلفة‬
The Fatimids are traced back to `Ali bin Abi Talib and his wife,
Fatimah. This state was established by `Ubaidullah Al-Mahdi in
Tunisia. It witnessed 14 caliphs, and reached its utmost expansion
during the era of Al-Mu`izz, who annexed North Africa to his state and
sent Jauhar Al-Siqilli, his commander-in-chief, to occupy Egypt. Jauhar
established Cairo which later became the state capital to which Al-
Mu`izz moved and extended his influence over Syria, Lebanon and
Palestine. The last caliph was Al-`Adid whose ministry was led by
Salah Al-Din Al-Ayyubi, who eventually precipitated the fall of the
Fatimid state. The most notable architectural and cultural
achievements were the establishment of Cairo and the construction of
Al-Azhar Mosque.

Fatir (Al) The Creator ‫الفاطــــر‬

"The Creator". Also another name for aI-Malaikah. Surah 35 of the Holy
Qur'an.
Fatwa A legal verdict ‫فتوة‬
A legal verdict given on a religious basis. the sources on which a fatwa
is based are the Holy Qur'an, Sahih Bukhari and Muslim, and all other
authenticated Ahadeeth.
Fault ‫الزلة‬
Favonian ‫الوديع‬

57
Favor ‫ المنة المعروف‬-
Favorite ‫الولي‬
Fawn ‫ينافق‬
Fawner ‫المنافق‬
Fay ‫العقيدة‬
Feal ‫الموالي‬
Fealty ‫الخلص‬
Fear ‫الخوف‬ - ‫الرهبة‬
Feast ‫الوليمة‬
Feast of sacrifice ‫عيد الضحي‬
Feast ‫العيد‬
Federacy ‫التحاد‬
Federal ‫التحادي‬
Fellow ‫القرين‬ - ‫الند‬
Felon ‫المجرم‬ ‫الفاسد‬
Female infanticide ‫وأد البنات‬
Festival ‫العيد‬
FettersChains ‫الصفاد‬
Feud ‫عداوة‬
Feudalism ‫القطاعية‬
Feudalist ‫القطاعي‬
Fiction ‫خرافة‬
Fidelity ‫المانة‬
Fiducial ‫ الصادق‬- ‫المين‬
Fidya ‫الفديــــــة‬
Compensation for missing or wrongly practising necessary acts of
worship. Fidya usually takes the form of donating money or foodstuffs
or sacrificing an animal. Contrast with Kaffara (making amends). See
Kaffara.
Filiation ‫تبنى‬
Finder the ‫الواجد‬

58
 ‫الدية‬
Fines
Fiqh ‫الفقـــــه‬
Islamic Law.
Fir'aun Pharaoh ‫فرعــــون‬
Pharaoh. Tide of the Ancient Egyptian rulers, particularly the one who
rejected the Prophet Musa (Moses), peace he on him, and tried to
have him killed. They were famous for their cruelty and disbelief. See
Holy Qur'an, Al-Baqara (2):49, Ta Ha (20):9-80, Al-Qasas(28):1-42, Al-
Fajr(89):1O-14.
Firdaus Paradise ‫الفردوس‬
The middle and the highest part of the Jannah (Paradise).
Fitna
This has various meanings, depending on its context in the sentence:
1. Oppression or tumult, as in Surah Al-Baqara (2):]93.
2. Trial or punishment, as in Surah Al-Maida (5):74.
3. Trial or temptation, as in Surah Al-Anfal (8):28.
4. It can also mean causing discord between Muslims, or sedition.
Firm ‫الحازم المكين المتين‬
Fitrah ‫الفطـــــــــــره‬
The fitrah is the natural disposition of every human being, which is to
believe in Allah alone without any partners. The Messenger (saw) said,
“Each one of you is born on the fitrah; it is your parents who make you
Jews, Christians and fire worshippers.”
Every person is born Muslim, believing in God. However, when a
person starts to follow his desires and false deities, his fitrah will
become polluted.
Five foundation of islam ‫أركان السلم الخمسة‬
Fixation‫التثبيت‬
Flame ‫اللظى‬ - ‫السعير‬
Fling ‫الزدراء‬
Flirt ‫الغزل‬
Flock ‫السرب‬
Fog ‫الحيرة‬
Foible ‫الزلة‬
Folk ‫ العامة‬- ‫الناس‬
Folkway ‫فقه الجماعة‬
Followed ‫المقتدي به‬
Foolery ‫ الجهالة‬- ‫الحمق‬
Folhardy ‫ الجسور‬- ‫المتهور‬

59
Foppish ‫المغرور‬
Forbearer ‫الحليم‬
Forbiddance ‫النهي‬ - ‫التحريم‬
Forbidden ‫المحرم‬
Force ‫العنف‬ - ‫القوة‬ - ‫القدرة‬
Forced ‫ القسري‬- ‫القهري‬
Forcefulness ‫الجبرية‬
Forcible ‫القوي‬ - ‫القدير‬
Forcing ‫الكراه‬
Foredoom ‫القضاء‬
Forefather ‫السلف الجداد‬
Foreknowledge ‫التنبؤ‬
Forestaller ‫المحتكر‬
Forewarner ‫نذيـــــــــــر‬
Forewarner : One who warns sinful people against the imminent
punishment of Allah
Forfeiture ‫الخسران‬ - ‫الغرم‬
Forgery ‫التزوير‬
Forgive ‫يصفح‬
Forgiveness ‫العفو‬
Forgiver ‫الغفار‬
Forgiving ‫الصفح‬ - ‫العفو‬
Formal ‫ الصوري‬- ‫الشكلي‬
Formidable ‫القاهر‬
Fornicator ‫الفاسق‬ - ‫الفاجر‬
Fornication ‫الفجور‬ - ‫الزنا‬
Forray ‫الغتصاب‬ - ‫السلب‬
Fort ‫الرباط‬
Fortification ‫التحصين‬
Fortresses ‫القلع‬
Fortunetelling ‫الكهانة‬

60
Fosterage ‫الرضاع‬
Foundation ‫التأسيس‬
Foundling ‫القيط‬
framer ‫المبدع‬ - ‫المبتكر‬
Frank ‫الصريح‬
Franks ‫الفرنجة‬
Frantic ‫الثائر‬ - ‫الهائج‬
Fraternity ‫الخوة‬
Fraternization ‫المؤاخــــــــــــاة‬
Fraternization : The Prophet (peace be upon him) established
brotherly ties between the Muhajirun and the Ansar
Fraud ‫الغش‬ ‫الخداع‬
Freak ‫الهوي‬
Frebooty ‫ النهب‬- ‫ السلب‬- ‫القرصنة‬
Freedom ‫الحرية‬
Fremescence ‫الغوغاء‬
Frenzy ‫المس‬
Frightened ‫المذعور‬
Frustration ‫البطال‬ - ‫الحباط‬
Fugitation ‫الفرار من العدالة‬
Fundamentalism ‫الصولية‬
Furqaan (Al) The Criterion ‫الفرقــــــــان‬
"The Criterion". Another name of the Holy Qur'an. Surah 25 of the Holy
Qur'an.
Fury ‫الغضب‬
Fussilat (Al) ‫فصلت‬
"They are expounded." Another name for Ha Mim and As-Sajda. Surah
41 of the Holy Qur'an.
G
Gabriel ‫جبريل عليه السلم‬
Gaby ‫الغفلة‬

61
Gage ‫الرهينة‬
Gain ‫الكسب‬ - ‫الربح‬
Gainsaying ‫النكار‬

Galen ‫جالينوس‬

Gallant ‫الشهم‬

Game ‫العنيد‬

Gang ‫عصبة‬

Garrison ‫حامية‬
Gayness ‫الزهو‬

Geneology Nasab ‫نسب‬

It means lineage or geneology.
Generality ‫ الغلبية‬- ‫الكثرية‬
Generation ‫جيل‬
Generosity ‫الجود‬ - ‫الكرم‬
Generous the ‫الكريم‬

Gens ‫عشيرة‬ ‫جماعة‬

Gentility ‫ اللطف‬- ‫الدماثة‬
Gentle ‫الحسنة‬

Genuflect ‫يركع‬
Genuflection ‫الركعة‬

Ghazi ‫الغازي‬

Ghazwa A holy battle ‫غــــــــزوة‬

A holy battle for the cause of Allah the Almighty in which the Prophet
Muhammad himself, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, took
part. Nural: al-Maghazi or Ghazawat.
Gheeba ‫غيبة‬
Talking evil about someone in his or her absence. Backbiting. See Holy
Qur'an, Al-Hujurat (49):12.

62
‫‪Gideon‬‬ ‫جالوت‬
‫‪ -‬الهبه ‪Gift‬‬ ‫النعام‬
‫‪Gif‬‬ ‫الغفلة‬
‫الحمية ‪Gimp‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫الفتوة‬
‫الموهوب ‪Given‬‬

‫المعطي ‪Giver‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫الواهب‬

‫‪Glaring‬‬ ‫‪ -‬الظاهر‬ ‫الواضح‬
‫التمجيد ‪Glorification‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫المجد‬
‫الماجد ‪Glorious‬‬

‫المجد ‪Glory‬‬

‫‪Glory be to him‬‬ ‫سبحانه وتعالى‬

‫‪Glossarist‬‬ ‫‪ -‬الشارح‬ ‫المفسر‬
‫التوقد ‪Glow‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫التأجج‬
‫‪Gluttonousness‬‬ ‫النهم‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫الشراهة‬
‫‪Gnathonic‬‬ ‫المداهن ‪-‬‬ ‫المنافق‬
‫‪Gnome‬‬ ‫‪ -‬الحكمة‬ ‫القول المأثور‬
‫العلم ‪Gnosis‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫المعرفة‬
‫‪God‬‬ ‫الله‬
‫‪God willing‬‬ ‫بإذن الله‬
‫‪Godfearing‬‬ ‫المتدين‬
‫‪Godhead‬‬ ‫اللوهية‬
‫‪Godship‬‬ ‫اللوهية‬
‫‪Godward‬‬ ‫العناية اللهية‬
‫‪Gog and‬‬ ‫يأجوج ومأجوج ‪magog‬‬

‫‪63‬‬
‫‪Gollath‬‬‫جالوت‬
‫‪Samaritan‬‬ ‫السامري‬
‫النجيل ‪Gospel‬‬

‫القوطي ‪Goth‬‬

‫القوطي ‪Gothic‬‬

‫‪Gourd tree‬‬ ‫شجرة اليقطين‬

‫‪Govern‬‬ ‫يحكم‬ ‫يسوس‬
‫يساس ‪Governable‬‬ ‫يحكم‬
‫الحكم الحكومة ‪Government‬‬ ‫السلطة‬
‫‪Governor‬‬ ‫الحاكم الوالي‬
‫النعمة ‪Grace‬‬ ‫العون الحسان‬
‫العناية ‪Grace of god‬‬ ‫اللهية‬
‫‪Gracious‬‬ ‫‪the‬‬ ‫اللطيف‬
‫‪Gradation‬‬ ‫المرتبة الدرجة ‪-‬‬
‫البين ‪Graith -‬‬ ‫‪ -‬الثروة الواضح‬
‫الجليل ‪Grand‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫العظيم‬
‫‪Grandeur‬‬ ‫‪ -‬العظمة‬ ‫الجلل‬
‫يمنح ‪Grant‬‬

‫البطشة ‪Grasp‬‬

‫‪Gratuity‬‬ ‫الهبة‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪ -‬العطية‬ ‫جزاء‬

‫الحسان‬
‫القبر ‪Grave‬‬

‫‪Grave sins‬‬ ‫الذنوب الكبار‬

‫‪Graveyard‬‬ ‫المقبرة‬

‫‪64‬‬
‫‪Great‬‬ ‫‪ -‬المقتدر الكبير ‪-‬‬ ‫العظيم‬
‫‪Greatness‬‬ ‫عظمة‬
‫‪Great sin‬‬ ‫الكبيرة‬
‫الحرص ‪Greed‬‬

‫‪Greek fire‬‬ ‫الغريقية النار‬

‫الروم ‪Greeks‬‬

‫‪Greeting‬‬ ‫التحية‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫السلم‬

‫‪Greetings‬‬ ‫‪the‬‬ ‫التحيات‬
‫‪Grievance‬‬ ‫الضيم‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫الظلم‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫الضنك‬
‫‪Grieving‬‬ ‫الفجيعة‬
‫العنيف ‪Grim‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫العاتي‬
‫‪Grossness‬‬ ‫‪ -‬الغلظة‬ ‫الفظاظة‬
‫المغارة ‪Grotto‬‬

‫‪Grouch‬‬ ‫المتذمر‬
‫‪Grounding‬‬ ‫‪ -‬التأسيس‬ ‫الترسيخ‬
‫اليكة ‪Grove‬‬

‫‪Grudge‬‬ ‫الحقد ‪ -‬الضغينة‬

‫‪Grumble‬‬ ‫يتأفف‬
‫يصون ‪Guard‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫يحمي‬
‫‪Guarded‬‬ ‫الحمى‬
‫‪Guardian‬‬ ‫‪the‬‬ ‫الحافظ‬
‫‪ -‬الحضانة ‪Guardianship‬‬ ‫الوصاية‬
‫‪Guerdon‬‬ ‫الجر‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪ -‬الجزاء الثواب‬
‫الهداية ‪Guidance the‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫الهدى‬

‫‪65‬‬
Guide ‫الدليل‬ - ‫الهادى‬
Guidance ‫الهداية‬
Guile -‫الخداع‬ ‫المكر‬
Guilelessness ‫الصدق‬ - ‫المانة‬
Guilt ‫ذنب‬

Guiltless ‫ البرىء‬- ‫الطاهر‬

Guilty ‫المذنب‬ - - ‫الجانى المجرم‬
Guiltiness ‫ الجرام‬- ‫الثم‬
Gushness ‫ التدفق‬- ‫الفيض‬
H
Habit ‫العادة‬ ‫الطبع‬
Hadith tradition ‫الحديث‬
A saying or tradition of the Prophet Muhammad, may Allah bless him
and grant him peace. Plural: Ahadeeth.
Hadith-Qudsi ‫حديث قدسي‬
A saying of Allah Ta'ala narrated by the Holy Prophet Muhammad, may
Allah bless him and grant him peace, that is not part of the Holy
Qur'an.
Hadj ‫الحج‬
Hadji ‫الحاج‬
Hafiz ‫حافظ القرآن‬
Hafsa , May Allah be pleased with her ‫حفصة رضي الله‬
‫عنها‬
Daughter of Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, and
wife of Muhammad, may the blessings and peace of Allah be on him
and his family and his companions.
Hagar ‫هاجر‬
Hajar Al-aswad (Al) 'Black Stone' ‫الحجر السود‬
The 'Black Stone', a stone which some say fell from heaven, set into
one corner of the Ka'aba in Makka by the Prophet Ibrahim (Abraham),
peace be upon him, which the pilgrims, in imitation of the Prophet

66
Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, kiss, so
unifying all the Muslims throughout the ages in one place.
Hajj (Al) The Pilgrimage ‫الحـــج‬
"The Pilgrimage", which commences on the 8th of Dhu'l-Hijjah. There
are three types of Hajj:
1. Hajjat-Tamata'a (interrupted). Umra followed by Hajj, but
taking off the Ihram in between these two stages.
2. Hajj al-Qiran (combined). Umra then Hajj without taking off the
Ihram.
3. Hajj al-Ifrad (single). Hajj without Umra. A pilgrimage to Makkah
in the twelfth month of the Islamic calendar is also known as
Hajj al-Ifrad. The performance of Hajj consists of ten steps:
1. Put on the Ihram at the appointed station, then recite
the Talbiyah. Recitation is done aloud by men and
quietly by women. Depending on what type of Hajj you
are doing, perform the necessary rites at the Ka'aba on
arrival in Makkah. SeeTalbiya.
2. Go to Mina (on the 8th of the month). Pray the Duhr,
'Asr, Maghreb, Isha and Fajr prayers at their proper
times, but shortening the four Rak'at to two, as if doing
travelling prayers.
3. When the sun rises (on the 9th of the month), go to
'Arafat and combine the Duhr and 'Asr Salat.
4. After the sun sets, go to al-Muzdallifa, reciting the
Talbiyah. Combine the Maghreb and the 'Isha Salat.
After the Fajr prayer, raise your hands and do Du'a.
(After midnight, women and the weak may proceed to
Mina if they wish.)
5. In Muzdallifa (or Mina), pick up small stones (either 49
or 70) to throw at the Jamra (stone pillars) of 'Aqaba.
6. Go to Mina (on the 10th of the month);
 Throw seven stones, one stone at a time, at the
largest of the three Jamras (the stone pillars that
represent Shaitan).
 Sacrifice your animal. You must eat some of its
meat, but give the bulk of it to the poor and
hungry. (Do this step only if it is required of you.
It is not required for Hajj al-Ifrad. If you are doing
either of the other two types of Hajj, but cannot
afford an animal, then fast three days after you
first put on Ihram and seven days after you have
returned home.)
 Shave your head. Women only need to cut off a
lock of hair. The rules of Ihram are now lifted,
except for sexual intercourse with one's spouse.

67
7. Go to Makkah and do Tawaf al-Ifada. Go to the hills of
Safa and Marwa and do Sa'i. Now the rules of Ihram are
completely lifted.
8. Return to Mina and stay there for the remainder of the
10th and on the 11th, 12th and the 13th. (You may, if
you wish, leave Mina after Asr on the 12th or after Asr
on the 13th. You must leave Mina before the sun sets.)
9. Each day, stone each of the three Jamras (the stone
pillars) with seven pebbles.
10. If you wish to return home, you must do the Tawaf al-
Wida'. No-one is excused, except for menstruating
women or women in the period of discharge after
childbirth. See Tawaf al-Wida. See Surah 22 of the Holy
Qur'an. Performing the Hajj if you are able is one of the
Arkan of Isla

68
Hajj-al-wida' The last farewell Hajj ‫حجة‬
‫الوداع‬
The last farewell Hajj of Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant
him peace, before his death. During that Hajj, Muhammad gave an
immortal Khutba called "Khutbatul Wida". This sermon is still
remembered word for word, for it confirmed that the Deen of Islam
had been completed, transmitted and established by the Messenger of
Allah, may the blessings and peace of Allah be on him and his family
and his companions and all who follow him in what they are able, with
sincerity, until the Last Day.
Hakeem ‫ الحكيم‬- ‫الطبيب‬
Hakim ‫الحاكم‬

Halqah ‫حلقـــــــة‬
A group of students involved in the study of Islam.
Hanbali ‫حنبلى‬
One of the main schools of thought in Islam, founded by Ahmad Ibn
Hanbal (d. 855 A.C.), a famous scholar of fiqh.
Hanging ‫الشنق‬
Hanifi ‫حنيفي‬
One of the main schools of thought in Islam, founded by Abu Hanifah
(d. 767 a.c.), a famous scholar of fiqh.
Haman ‫هامان‬
Minister of Fir'aun (Pharaoh) who tried to have all the newborn babies
killed at the time when the Prophet Musa (Moses), peace be on him,
was born.
Hannah, May Allah be pleased with her ‫حنا‬
Grandmother of the Prophet Isa (Jesus, Son of Mary), peace be on
them, and wife of 'Imran, may Allah be pleased with him. Since the
Prophet isa had maternal grandparents, how can the Christians claim
him to be Allah? Since Allah is the Creator of all that there is, and was
not created, do the Christians claim that Allah has a family tree?
(Since they acknowledge the immaculate conception and the virgin
birth, why do they trace the lineage of Jesus through Joseph the
carpenter? See Matthew 1:6-16, Luke 3:23-31,) Glory be to Allah, the
Most High. Cursed are those who ascribe partners to Him. The
punishment of Hellfire awaits those who do not desist from this
blasphemy.
Happening ‫الصيرورة‬ ‫الوقوع‬
Haram ‫الحرام‬

69
 1. Any act or deed which is prohibited by Allah and will incur His
wrath and punishment. See Ahkam.
2. Sanctuary or boundary of any Masjid (mosque), but usually
used with regard to the sanctuaries of the Masjid al-Ha ram in
Makkah and Masjid al-Rasool, may Allah give him light and
peace in his grave, in Madinah. This is why they are referred to
as "AI-Haramain al-Shariffain", the two Holy Sanctuaries.
Haramain al sharifain (AL) ‫الحرمين‬
‫الشريفين‬
"The two Holy Sanctuaries". The sanctuary of the Ka'ba at Makkah and
the sanctuary of al-Masjid al-Rasool, may Allah bless him and grant
him peace, in Madinah.
Harbinger ‫البشير‬ ‫النذير‬
Haroon, peace be upon him ‫هارون عليه‬
‫السلم‬
Aaron. A prophet of Islam. He was the brother of the Prophet Musa
(Moses), peace be on them. See Holy Qur' an, Ta Ha (20);29-36, 90-94.
Harsh ‫الفظ‬ ‫الغليظ‬
Haruspex ‫العراف‬
Harut and marut ‫هاروت ماروت‬
Two angels who, by the permission of Allah Ta'ala, taught magic to the
people of Babylon. See Holy Qur' an, Al-Baqara (2):102.
Hasad Jealousy ‫الحسد‬
Jealousy. Hasad is forbidden in Islam, except for two specific reasons:
1. Being jealous of a person for memorizing the Holy Qur'an by
heart.
2. Being jealous of a wealthy person for expending his wealth in
the path of Allah Ta'ala.
Hashr (Al) The Exile ‫الحشــــر‬
1. "The Exile". Surah 59 of the Holy Qur'an.
2. Another name for the Day of Judgement, Yaumal-Hashr, "Day of
the Gathering".
Hateful ‫الكريه‬ - ‫ المكروه المبغوض‬-
Hate ‫الكره‬

Hawazin ‫هـــوازن‬
A Quraishi tribe. An Arabian tribe that always gave trouble to the new-
born Islamic nation before their conversion to Islam.

70
Hazard ‫ المجازفة‬- ‫المخاطرة‬
Headship ‫ الرياسة‬- ‫الزعامة‬
Headstrong ‫العنيد‬

Hradstrongness ‫العناد‬
Hearer ‫السميع‬

Hearsay ‫الرواية‬
Heartburning ‫الحسد‬ ‫الضغينة‬
Heatben ‫الكافر الوثنى‬
Heathenishness ‫الوثنية‬
Heathenism ‫عبادة الوثان‬

Heaven Samaa ‫السماء‬

Heaven. In the sense of 'sky'. "Sab'a Samawat" - Seven Heavens.
Plural: Samawat.
Heaven ‫دار البقاء‬
Heavely ‫السماوى‬
heavenly decrees ‫الوامر السماوية‬
Hebrew ‫العبرى‬
Hector ‫السفاح‬ - ‫الجبار‬
Hegemony ‫ السلطان الزعامة‬-
Hegira ‫الهجرة‬

Heir ‫الوارث يرث‬

Heir apparent ‫ولي العهد‬

Heirdom ‫ الوراثة‬- ‫الرث‬

Hell ‫جهنم‬
Helotry ‫العبيد‬ - ‫الرقاء‬

71
Help ‫النصر‬
Helpers ‫النصار‬
Helpful ‫النافع‬

Heracles ‫هرقل‬
Herald ‫البشير‬ - ‫النذير‬
Herdsaman ‫الراعي‬

(The) Hereafter Akhira ‫الخرة‬

(After-Life, Hereafter, Next World). the term embraces the following
ideas.
That the present order of existence will some day come to an end
That when that happens,God will bring another order into being in
which He will resurrect all human beings, gather them together and
examine their conduct, and reward them with justice and mercy.
That those who are reckoned good will be sent to Paradise whereas
the evil-doers will be consigned to Hell.
That the real measure of success or failure of a person is not the
extent of his prosperity in the present life, but his success in the Next.
Heresiarchy‫ الهرطقة‬- ‫الضلل‬
Heritage - ‫الرث التركة‬
Hermit ‫الناسك‬ - ‫الزاهد‬
Hermitage ‫الصومعة‬
Hero ‫البطل‬ ‫الشجاع‬
Heterodoxy - ‫الهرطقة‬ ‫الضلل‬
Highbred ‫النبيل‬ - ‫الشريف‬
Hijab veil ‫حجاب‬
Any kind of veil - it could be a curtain, a facial veil, etc. The facial Hijab
is divided into two types:
1. Niqab = full facial covering.
2. Khimar = partial facial covering, i.e. it covers the face, but
leaves the eyes exposed. It is said that the Universe is what
veils the Creator from the creation. If you find the veil awe-
inspiring, how much more awe-ins piring is the One behind the
veil!
Hijaz ‫الحجاز‬

72
The region along the western seaboard of Arabia, in which Makka,
Medina, Jeddah and Ta'if are situated.
Hijr (Al) ‫الحجر‬
"Al-Hijr". Name of a rocky place and its people. Surah 15 of the Holy
Qur'an.
HijraMigration ‫الهجرة‬
Migration in the path of Allah.
Hijri ‫هجرى‬
Name of the Islamic lunar calendar. It took its name from the early
Muslims who migrated from Makkah to Madinah, and commences from
the date of the Prophet Muhammad's Hijra, may Allah bless him and
grant him peace, which he made with Abu Bakr as-Siddiq, may Allah
be pleased with him, in 622AC. The months of the Islamic calendar
are:
1 - Muharram 2 - Safar
3 - Rabi'i al-Awal. 4 - Rabi'i al-Akhira.
5 - Jumada al-Awal. 6 - Jumada al-Akhira.
7 - Rajab 8 - Sha'ban.
9 - Ramadan 10 - Shawal
11- Dhul Qi'da. 12 - Dhul Hijjah

The Hijri Calendar ‫التقويم الهجري‬

637 The Hijri Calendar : 637 The reign of Caliph `Umar bin Al-Khattab
witnesses the beginning of dating the Muslim era from the first day of
the lunar year in which the Hijrah took place (16 A.H.)
Hira ‫حراء‬
A famous cave in the Jabal an-Nur in Makkah where Muhammad, may
Allah bless him and grant him peace, first received the Divine Message
through the Holy Spirit, the Angel Jibreel (Gabriel), peace be on him.
Hizb Party ‫حــــزب‬
Party. Allah Ta'ala divides all the parties into two groups:
"Hizb Allah" (the Party of Allah) and "Hizbal-Shaitan" (the Party of
Satan). It is irrelevant to Allah how one labels one's party, whether it
be "Democratic Party", "Labour Party","Communist Party" or whatever.
All that matters is whether or not it follows the path of Allah Ta'ala.
Hisba ‫الحسبه‬
. Office of accounting or public inspection. See muhtasib.
Historian ‫المؤرخ‬
History ‫التأريخ‬

Hitch ‫العقبة‬ ‫العائق‬

Hoard - ‫المؤونةالزخيرة‬

73
Hold ‫ القبض‬- ‫المساك‬
Holies ‫الحرم المقدس‬

Holocaust ‫المحرقة‬
Holy ‫الطاهر المقدس‬

Holy city ‫المدينة المقدسة‬

Homage ‫الولء‬
Homilist ‫الواعظ‬
Homily ‫ الموعظة‬- ‫العظة‬

Honest ‫المين‬ ‫ الصادق‬-

Honesty ‫ الصدق‬- ‫المانة‬
Honor ‫الشرف‬

Honourableness ‫الستقامة‬
Hooriyah A female virgin ‫حوريــــــــة‬
A female virgin created by Allah Ta'ala, but not a descendant of Adam,
peace be on him. She is created in Jannah (Paradise)and is the perfect
companion of man in the Akhira (Hereafter). Her beauty is
insurpassable and unimaginable. She has intensely black irises and
the whites of her eyes are pure white. Also spelled as Houriah. Plural:
Hooriyat.
Horror ‫الرعب‬
Horse ‫الفرس‬
Horsemanship ‫الفروسية‬
Hospitality ‫الكرام للضيف الضيافة‬
Hostel ‫الخان‬

Hostile ‫معادى‬

Houd, peace be upon him ‫هود عليه السلم‬

A prophet sent to the Tribe of 'Ad. See Mursaleen. See 'Ad. Surah 11 of
the Holy Qur' an.

74
Hubal ‫هبـــــل‬
Hubal : An idol worshipped in Mecca in the Pre-Islamic period
Hudaibiya (Al) ‫الحديبية‬
A famous plain ten miles from Makkah on the way to Jeddah. Site of
the peace pact between the Muslims and the pagan Quraish in the
year 6AH. This treaty paved the way for the spread of Islam. Surat al-
Fath (Surah 48 of the Holy Qur'an) cmmemorates this victorious event.
Allah Ta'ala called it "Fathan Mubeena" (a Manifest Victory). See Holy
Qur'an, AI-Fath (48):1-4.

Huge - ‫الهائل الضخم‬

Hujjaj Pilgrims ‫حجــــاج‬
Pilgrims. Persons who have been on pilgrimage to Makkah during the
Hajj season in the month of Dhul Hijjah. Singular: Haj = a male pilgrim,
Hajah = a female pilgrim.
Hujurat (Al) The Apartments ‫الحجــــرات‬
"The Apartments". Surah 49 of the Holy Qur'an.

Human ‫ النسان‬- ‫النسانية‬

Humanism ‫النسانية‬
Humaza (Al) The Scandalmonger ‫الهمزه‬
‫مام‬
ّ ّ ‫الن‬
"The Scandalmonger". Surah 104 of the Holy Qur'n.
Humility ‫تواضع‬
Hunain ‫حنين‬
Valley on the road from Makkah to Taif. Site of a famous battle that
took place immediately after the conquest of Makkah in 8AH, between
the Muslim army consisting of about 10,000-2,000 men and the
combined forces of the Hawazin and Thaqeef which amounted to
4,000 men. After a surprise attack and a near defeat, the Muslims
managed to completely crush the enemy. See Holy Qur' an, At-Taubah
( 9):24-25.

Hungriness ‫الجوع‬ ‫المسغبة‬

Hurt ‫الذى‬
Hutama ‫الحطمة‬

75
The seventh and deepest level of the Nar (Hellfire). This is where the
religious hypocrites will spend eternity. The worst of Allah's creation
are the Munafiqeen (hypocrites), whether they be mankind or Jinn,
because they 'accept' Allah and His Messenger with their tongues, but
deny this 'acceptance' by their actions. See Jahanam.

Hypocrites ‫المنافقون‬

76
 I
Iblis ‫ابليس‬
The Jinn who disobeyed Allah Ta'ala and was expelled from His mercy.
It was Iblis who tempted Adam and his wife Hawwa (Eve), peace be on
them, to approach the forbidden tree. He is also known as Shaitan
(Satan). See Shaitan . See Holy Qur' an, Al-Baqara (2):30-39.
Ibrahim, peace be upon him ‫ابراهيم عليه‬
‫السلم‬
"Abraham". He was a messenger, as well as one of the greatest
prophets of Islam. He was the father of two other great prophets,
Ismail and Ishaq (Ishmael and Isaac respectively). All the prophets who
came after him were descended from him, peace be on them. See
Mursaleen . See Holy Qur' an, Al-Baqara (2):130, 135. Surah 19 of the
Holy Qur'an.
Iconoclasm ‫ اليقونات تحطيم‬- ‫الل ايقونية‬
‫تحطيم الصنام‬
Idealism ‫المثالية‬
Idol ‫الصنم‬ ‫الوثن‬
Idols ‫أنصاب‬
Idols. See Holy Qur'an, Al-Baqara (2):219
Idol-worship ‫عبادة‬ ‫الصنام‬
Idolatry
Idolatry was widespread in the Arabian Peninsula, including Mecca, in
.the Pre-Islamic era
Idris, peace be upon him ‫ادريس‬
Enoch. A prophet of Islam and a man of truth and wisdom. See Holy
Qur'an, Maryam (19):56-57, Al-Anbiya (21):85. See Mursaleen
Ifrad (Hajj al) Single Hajj ‫افـــــراد‬
"Single Hajj". Performing Hajj without doing Umra. See
Hajj ‫ج‬
ّ ‫الح‬
Ignoramus ‫الجهالة‬
Ignorantly ‫جهالة‬ ً ‫جهل‬
Ihram ‫احـــــــــرام‬
1. The state in which one is prohibited from doing certain things
which are lawful at other times. Umra and Hajj are performed
in such a state.

77
 2. When one assumes such a state one must state mentally and
orally that he or she is assuming such a state for the purpose
of Umra or Hajj. Then one must recite the Talbiya. See Talbiya
3. Dress:
o Men. It consists of two pieces of unstitched cloth:
(i) Rida - worn around the upper part of the body.
(ii)Izar - worn below the waist.
o Women. Any full length dress which covers the entire
body except for the hands and face, and is
inconspicuous, i.e. it does not attract attention in any
way whatsoever (tight, colourful, etc.).
4. Behaviour: Both men and women are not permitted to trim
their hair or nails, wear perfume, harm or kill any living thing,
including insects, or damage any plant or tree. They should
avoid argument and loss of temper. Sexual intercourse
between spouses is also not permitted.
Ihsan ‫احسان‬
Highest level of obedience in worship, i.e. to be aware of and sincere
to Allah Ta'ala and to be eager to do all good deeds. It is to worship
Allah as if you see Him, knowing that, although you do not see Him,
Allah sees you.
Ijmaa`: Consensus of opinion ‫إجمـــاع‬
Consensus of opinion. Usually defined as the unanimous agreement of
the mujtahidoon of any period following the demise of the Prophet
Muhammad on any matter. As such, it is described as collective
ijtihaad.
Ijtihaad: ‫اجتهــــــاد‬
Literally, striving and self-exertion; independent reasoning; analytical
thought. Ijtihaad may involve the interpretation of the source
materials, inference of rules from them, or giving a legal verdict or
decision on any issue on which there is no specific guidance in the
Qur'an and the Sunnah.
Ikhlas The Complete Faith ‫اخـــلص‬
1. "The Complete Faith". Surah 112 of the Holy Qur' an.
2. Sincerity of the heart in worship and purity of intention. For any
worship to be accepted by Allah it must be entirely for His
sake, and not for other-than-Him.
Illegal ‫الل شرعي‬
Illicit ‫ الحرام‬- ‫المحظور‬
Ilyas, peace be upon him ‫الياس عليه‬
‫السلم‬

78
Elijah. A prophet of Islam. See Holy Qur'an, Al-An'am (6):85, As-Saffat
(37):123-132. See Mursaleen .
Imam ‫المام‬
Imaret ‫العمارة‬

Imitation ‫ المحاكاة التقليد‬-

Immaculately ‫ الطهارة‬- ‫العفة‬ - ‫البراءة‬
Immanity ‫البربرية‬
Immarescible ‫الباقي‬ ‫الثابت‬
Immigration ‫الهجرة‬

Immolation ‫تقديم الضحية‬

Immolator ‫المضحي‬
Immoral ‫الفاجر الفاسد‬
Immortal ‫الخالد‬ ‫الباقي‬
Impartial ‫العادل المنصف‬
Impartialness ‫العدل النصاف‬

Impeccable ‫المنزه المعصوم‬

Impeccably ‫العصمة‬

Impendence ‫التهديد‬ ‫الوعيد‬

Impenitence ‫العتو العصيان‬

Imperator ‫المبراطور‬ ‫العاهل‬

Imperiousness ‫التجبرية الستبدادية‬
Imperturabability ‫الوقار‬ ‫الحتشام‬
Impiety ‫ا لزندقة اللحاد‬
Impignoration ‫التعهد‬ ‫العهد‬
Impious ‫الزنديق الملحد‬

79
Imploration ‫التضرع‬ ‫البتهال‬
Imposture ‫الفك‬ ‫الضلل‬
Imprecation ‫اللعنة‬

Improving ‫التحسين‬ ‫التهذيب‬

Improvement ‫التحسين‬ ‫التهذيب‬
Impure ‫الدنث‬

Imsaak ‫امساك‬
Start of the fasting time. Imsaak begins when the first light of dawn
becomes visible, at Fajr when the Adhan is called.
Infallibility ‫العصمة من الزلل‬
Inalterable ‫الثابت‬
Inattention ‫الغفاة‬ ‫السهو‬
Inattentive ‫الغافل‬
Incest ‫زنا المحارم‬

Inchastity ‫الزنا الفسق‬

Independence ‫الستقلل‬

Independent ‫المستقل‬

Indepravate ‫النقي‬ ‫الطاهر‬

Indevote ‫المنافق‬
Indevotion ‫النفاق‬
Indidiation - ‫الخطيئة‬ ‫الثم‬
Indigence ‫الفقر‬ - ‫الفاقة‬
Indigent ‫ المعدم‬- ‫الفقير‬
Indirection ‫النحراف‬
Indisciplinable ‫المتمرد‬

80
‫‪Indocile‬‬ ‫العاصي المتمرد ‪-‬‬
‫‪Indocility‬‬ ‫التمرد‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫العصيان‬
‫‪Inerrant‬‬ ‫المعصوم‬
‫الحاقة ‪Inevitable day‬‬

‫‪Infendation‬‬ ‫الذكاة‬ ‫‪ -‬القطاع‬ ‫‪ -‬العطاء‪-‬‬

‫البذل‬

‫‪81‬‬
Inference ‫استنباط‬
Inference. Deducing a somewhat hidden meaning from a given text.
The process of extracting laws.

Inferior ‫تابع‬
Infidel - ‫الكافر الملحد‬

Infidelity ‫الكفر‬ - ‫ اللحاد‬- ‫الزندقة‬

Infidels ‫الكافرون‬
Influential ‫ المؤثر‬- ‫المتسلط‬
Information ‫النبأ‬

Ingenuousness ‫ الصدق‬- ‫الشهامة‬

Ingratitude ‫العقوق‬
Inguilty ‫البرىء‬
Inherently - ‫السليقة الفطرة‬
Inheritance ‫ الوراثة‬- ‫الموهبة‬
Inhibition ‫الكف‬ - ‫التحريم‬
Innitency ‫السند‬ - ‫السناد‬
Innocence ‫ البراءة‬- ‫السماحة‬
innovation ‫بدعـــه‬
The term bid'ah linguistically means 'innovation'. It is any saying or
action which has been falsely attributed to the Messenger Muhammad
(saw) and his Companions (ra). Bid'ah is one of the negations of Islam,
and those who knowingly innovate any matter in the Deen will be
prevented from having intercession from the Messenger of Allah
(saw). Those who regularly commit bid'ah are known as Ahl ul-Bid'ah
(the people of bid'ah), and this term can be applied to many deviant
sects nowadays, such as the Sufis.

Input ‫العانة‬ ‫الغاثة‬

Insha Allah If Allah wills ‫انشاء الله‬

82
"If Allah wills". It is forbidden to say "I will do such and such
tomorrow," without saying afterwards, "Insha Allah".
Inshiqaq (Al) Rending Asunder ‫النشقاق‬
"Rending Asunder". Surah 84 of the Holy Qur'an.
Inshirah (Al) The Expanding ‫النشراح‬
"The Expanding". Surah 94 of the Holy Qur'an.
Insight ‫الستبصار‬ - ‫الفراسة‬
Inspiration ‫ الوحي‬- ‫اللهام‬
Instinct ‫الغريزة‬
Institution ‫ النشاء التأسيس‬-
Insubmission - ‫المروق لعصيان‬

Insurgence ‫ العصيان‬- ‫التمرد‬

Insurrections ‫ثورات‬

Intent ‫ النية‬- ‫القصد‬

Intention Niyyah ‫نيه‬

Interdict ‫التحريم‬
Internecion ‫ التهالك‬- ‫القتتال‬
Interpretation Taweel ‫ التفسير‬- ‫ اليضاح‬-
‫التأويل‬
Interpretation. Especially interpretation of the Holy Qur'an
Intreat ‫ يتضرع‬- ‫يتوسل‬
Intrepidity ‫ البطش‬- ‫البسالة‬
Invasion ‫غزو‬
Inveiglement ‫التضليل‬

Investigation - ‫ الستجواب التمحيص البحث‬-

Invisible ‫ المستور‬- ‫المحجوب‬

Invisible world ‫عالم الغيب‬

83
Invocation - ‫البتهال‬ ‫التضرع‬
Iqama ‫القامه‬
The call which announces to the congregation that the obligatory
prayer is just about to begin. The statements are the same as the
Adhan, but in a shortened form, such that if a statement is repeated
four times during the Adhan, then it is repeated twice during the
Iqama.
Iqamat as-salat ‫اقامة الصله‬
Performing the Salat in a perfect manner. This is understood by most
Muslims as having only one meaning, but it has two:
1. Performing the prayer in exactly the same manner as the
Prophet Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace,
used to pray. see Sahih Bukhari, Hadith 737, boook 12, Vol.1.
2. Establishing the prayer Every person in a Muslim society who is
seven years old or more must pray - women in their houses
and men in the Masajid (mosques). Every head, be he head of
the family or chief of the town, will be held responsible for the
missed Fard prayers of those under him, as well as his own.
Iram ‫ارم‬
Capital city of the ancient people of 'Ad in the Yemen. It was famous
for its lofty pillars. Some scholars say Iram was a hero of the people of
'Ad who built a lofty statue of him. See Holy Qur'an, AL-Fajr (89):6-8.
Irresistance ‫ التسليم‬-
‫ الذعان‬- ‫الرضوخ‬
Isa, peace be upon him ‫عيسى عليه السلم‬
One of the greatest prophets and messengers of Islam. He is also
known as Isa ibn Mariam (Jesus, Son of Mary) and Isa al-Maseeh (Jesus
the Messiah, Jesus Christ). The Jews and the Christians have both
blasphemed against the Prophet Isa, peace be on him. The Jews reject
him completely, whilst the Christians have elevated him to the level of
Allah and/or Son of Allah. The concept of such divinity is rejected in
the Bible by the Prophet Isa himself(in pans of the Bible which have
not yet been altered)
1. According to 1 Timothy 2:5, "There is One God, and one
mediator between God and men, the 'MAN' Christ Jesus."
Notice the words" man" and "mediator". Are the Christians
trying to say that Allah is the mediator and that the Bible is
wrong? Do they not realize that Allah is so supreme in glory
that He does not mediate? Ask the Christians how else they can
explain this verse. Warn them that Allah's wrath will be on
those who know-ingly hide or avoid the Divine Truth.
2. According to Matthew 24:36, Jesus, peace be on him, has no
knowledge of the time of the Hour. Are the Christian strying to
say that Allah lacks knowledge?
3. According to Matthew 14:23, Jesus, peace be on him, went into
the hills to pray. Are the Christians trying to say that Allah
needs to pray, and if so, then to whom?
4. "But in vain do they worship me, teaching for doctrines
commandments of men." Matthew 15:9. Isa himself confirmed
the prophecy of Isaiah that the people would worship him in
vain and believe in doctrines made by men. The truth is that

84
 Jesus, peace be on him, spoke the truth, but it is the Christians
who, in his name, have invented lies against him. Allah is One.
He did not beget nor was He begotten. See Mursaleen .
Isha ‫العشــــــــــــاء‬
Night. The fifth and last Fard Salat (Prayer). Its time starts about one
and a half hours after sunset, when the redness has disappeared from
the night sky and the stars have appeared, and ends a litle before
dawn.
Ishaq, peace be upon him ‫اسحق عليه‬
‫السلم‬
Isaac. A prophet of Islam. He was the second son of the Prophet
Ibrahim (Abraham), peace be on him. He was thirteen years younger
than his brother, the Prophet Ismael (Ishmael), peace be on him. Mary,
mother of Jesus, peace be on them, was descended from Ishaq. See
Holy Qur' an, Al-An'am (6):84, As-Saffat (37):112-113. See Mursaleen .
Islam ‫الســـــــــــــلم‬
• Literally means "submission to the will of Allah". It is for this
reason that Allah Himself names His life transaction "al-Islam"
and describes all the followers of this way of life, in every age,
as "Muslims".
• The life transaction of Allah has five pillars, all of which must be
strictly adhered to in word, deed and sincere belief. The five
pillars of Islam are as follows:
1. Shahadatain. Bearing witness. All Muslims must believe
in and utter the Shahadatain.
 First Shahada : Ash-hadu an la illaha illa l'lah. (I
bear witness that there is no deity worthy of
worship except Allah.)
 Second Shahada: Ash-hadu anna Muhammadar
Rasoolullah. (I bear witness that Muhammad is
the Messenger of Allah.)
2. Salat. Prayers. To do all the five compulsory daily
prayers regularly in the exact manner as was practised
by the Holy Prophet Muhammad, may Allah bless him
and grant him peace.
3. Seeaam. Fasting. Also spelled as Saum. To fast in the
month of Ramadan.
4. Zakat. Wealth tax. To pay 2.5% of one's yearly savings
above a certain amount to the poor and needy Muslims.
The Zakat is compulsory on all Muslims who have saved
(at least) the equivalent of 85g of 24 carat gold at the
time when the annual Zakat payment is due. Zakat is
also due on other things such as silver, animals, crops,
etc. For a full explanation on Zakat refer to the relevant
books written on the subject.
5. Hajj. Pilgrimage. To perform the pilgrimage to the Holy
City of Makkah at least once in one's lifetime (if one is
able to afford it). See Holy Qur' an,Al-Maida (5):3.
Islamic religious law ‫الشريعة السلمية‬
Ismael, peace be upon him ‫اسماعيل عليه‬
‫السلم‬
Ishmael. A prophet of Islam. The first son of the Prophet Ibrahim
(Abraham), peace be on him, thirteen years older than his brother, the

85
Prophet Ishaq (Isaac), peace be on him. It was through the lineage of
Ismael that the Prophet Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant
him peace, was born. He helped his father Ibrahim to raise the
foundations of the Holy Ka'ba, the holiest Masjid (mosque) in Islam.
See Holy Qur'an, Al-Baqara (2):125-129, Maryam (19):54-55. See
Mursaleen .
Isnaad ‫السناد‬
Chain of narrators of a hadeeth.
Isra (Al) ‫الســــــــــــراء‬
"The Night Journey". Another name for Bani Israel. Surah 17 of the
Holy Qur'an.
Isolate ‫منعزل‬
Isolation ‫عزلة‬
Izar ‫الزار‬
A cloth worn (by men) below the waist.
J
Jab ‫الطعنة الوخزة‬
Jabriyah ‫الجبريه‬
Jabriyah : A sect which denies man's freedom of choice and believes
that all his actions are predetermined
Jack ‫ي عليه السلم‬
ً ‫يح‬
Jacob ‫يعقوب‬ ‫عليه السلم‬
Jahanam ‫جهنم‬
Most commonly understood to mean Hell. In fact, it is one of the levels
of Hell. There are seven levels of Hellfire:
1. Jaheem - the shallowest level of Hell. It is reserved for those
who believed in Allah and His Messenger, may Allah bless him
and grant him peace, but who ignored His commands.
2. Jahanam - a deeper level where the idol-worshippers are to be
sent on the Day of Judgement.
3. Sa'ir - is reserved for the worshippers of fire.
4. Saqar - this is where those who did not believe in Allah will be
sent on the Day of Judgement.
5. Ladha - will be the home of the Jews.
6. Hawiyah - will be the abode of the Christians.
7. Hutama - the deepest level of Hellfire. This is where the
religious hypocrites will spend eternity. The worst of Allah's
creation are the Munafiqeen (Hypocrites), whether they be
mankind or Jinn, for they outwardly appear to accept, but
inwardly reject, Allah and His Messenger.

86
Jaheem ‫الجحيم‬
The shallowest level of the Nar. It is reserved for those who believed in
Allah and His Messenger Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant
him peace, but who ignored His commands. See Jahanam.

Jahliyah Ignorance The Pre-Islamic Era

‫الجاهلية‬
Ignorance. This involves relying on what is other than the truth. This is
why the age prior to the advent of Muhammad, may Allah bless him
and grant him peace, is called Jahiliyah. Many people believed, for
example, in Allah, but tried to attain His pleasure through worshipping
another medium such as a stone, fire, man, wood, animal, etc., rather
than following His guidance which had been revealed to the earlier
messengers. The age of Jahiliyah 'ended' when the Final Revelation,
the Holy Qur'an, was revealed to mankind and the Jinn. However, it
still exists wherever this Last Message from God has not reached. Any
deviation from the True Path is no longer considered as Jahiliyah, but
as Kufr, for the truth has been distinguished from falsehood.
Jamra ‫جمرة‬
White hot coal. The term used to describe the three pillars built of
stone at Mina. Plural: Jimar.
Jamrat al 'aqaba ‫جمرة العقبه‬
One of the three stone pillars at Mina. One of the rites of Hajj is to
throw pebbles at these stone pillars, which represent Shaitan (Satan).
Plural: Jimar.
Jannah Paradise ‫جنه‬
Also spelled as Janna. Paradise. A created abode in the Hereafter for
those who believe in the Unity of Allah and in all His Prophets and
Messengers, and who follow their way of life. See Mursaleen. Jannah
has eight gates around it and each of these eight gates has eleven
doors. The names of the eight gates are:
1. Bab al-Iman.
2. Bab al-Jihad.
3. Bab al-Kadhemean al-Gaidh.
4. Bab ar-Raiyan.
5. Bab ar-Radiyeen.
6. Bab as-Sadaqa.
7. Bab at-Taubah.
8. Bab as-Salat.
Jannah has not been guaranteed to any human being or Jinn (with the
exception of the messengers of Allah) before their deaths, other than
the following ten men:

87
 1. Abu Bakr as-Siddiq.
2. Umar ibn al-Khattab.
3. Uthman ibn 'Affan.
4. Ali ibn Abi Talib.
5. Sa'ad ibn Abi Waqas.
6. Abu Ubaida 'Amer ibn al-Jarrah.
7. Al-Zubair ibn al-'Awam.
8. Talha ibn Ubaidu'llah.
9. Abdar-Rahman ibn 'Auf.
10. Sa'is ibn Zaid.
May Allah be pleased with all of them.
Jathiyah (Al) The Crouching ‫الجاثيه‬
"The Crouching". Surah 45 of the Holy Qur' an.
Jehad ‫الجهاد‬
The Jews of Medina ‫المدينة‬ ‫يهود‬
The Jews of Medina : Upon arriving at Medina, the Messenger of Allah
made a covenant with the Jews. They were conferred liberty to
practice their religion and their title to their wealth.
Jibreel, peace be upon him ‫جبريل عليه‬
‫السلم‬
The Angel Gabriel. Also called Rooh al-Qudus, "The Holy Spirit". His
duty was to reveal the Word of Allah Ta'ala to His Anbiaa (Prophets).
He is now sent to help the very religious against the temptations of
Shaitan (Satan) at the time of death. His epithet is Roohul Amin (The
Spirit of Truth) (Ash-Shu'ara (26):193). The AI-Amin is Muhammad,
may Allah bless him and grant him peace. See Holy Qur'an, Al-Baqara
(2):97-98, At-Takwir (81):19-21. See Mursaleen
Jinn (Al) ‫الجن‬
"The Jinn". A race of created beings that are made out of smokeless
fire. They are like the Ins (human race) in many ways:
1. They are born, have children and die. They also have friends
and family.
2. There are Muslims and Kuffar amongst them.
3. They eat food, but their food consists mainly of bones and
stool.
They differ from us in many ways too:
1. Their lifespan is much longer than ours.
2. They can see us and sometimes are able to dwell within us.
3. They need no form of transport.
4. They need no housing. The Muslims amongst them like to live
in the Masajid and pray, but the unbelievers tend to live in the
bathrooms of non-religious Ins (human beings). The best way
to make sure that they do not intermix with us (i.e. enter our
bodies or houses or eat food with us) is to remember Allah

88
 constantly and to read the Holy Qur'an as much as possible.
Surah 72 of the Holy Qur'an.
Jizya tax ‫الجزيــــــــــــــه‬
A tax imposed on non-Muslims who are under Muslim rule.
Job ‫ايوب عليه السلم‬
Joseph ‫يوسف عليه السلم‬

Judaism ‫اليهودية‬
Judge ‫القاضي‬

Judgeship ‫القضاء‬
Judgment ‫الحكم القضاء‬
Judiye ‫الجودي‬
Place where the Ark of the Prophet Nooh (Noah), peace be on him,
came to rest. Jabal (Mount) Judiye is in the Turkish district of Bothan,
which is situated near the frontiers of Turkey, Syria and Iraq. See Holy
Qur'an, Houd (]J):44.
Junub ‫جنب‬
Junub - a person having Janaba - means to be in a state of
ceremonial impurity or defilement. A male becomes junub on
having sexual intercourse or simply on the emission of semen in sleep
or otherwise. A female also becomes junub as a result of sexual
intercourse as well as when she is menstruating or having postnatal
bleeding. These are the general causes of janaba, which is also
referred to in the books of jurisprudence as hadath akbar. A full bath is
required for a junub to receive purification or tahara, without which a
man or woman is not allowed to touch or read the Qur'an, enter the
mosque or offer the prayers. In the absence of water, however, one is
allowed to resort to tayammum. Tayammum substitutes for both a full
bath (ghusl) and ablution (wudu).
Jurist - ‫المشرع الفقيه‬
Justice ‫العدل‬ - ‫القسط‬
K
Ka'aba ‫الكعبه‬
The cube-shaped stone building whose foundations were built by the
angels and completed by Prophet Ibrahim (Abraham) and his son, the
Prophet Ismael, peace be on them, in Makkah. It was rebuilt with the
help of the Prophet Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him

89
peace. It is the focal point towards which all Muslims face when
praying.
Kabin ‫زواج المتعة‬
Kadi ‫القاضي‬
KafirUnbeliever ‫كافــــــــر‬
Unbeliever. Someone who covers up the truth and rejects Allah and
His messengers, may Allah bless them and grant them peace. There
are many different ways in which a person becomes a disbeliever in
Allah. For full explanation see Kufr. Plural: Kuffar.
Unbeliever. Someone who covers up the truth and rejects Allah and
His messengers, may Allah bless them and grant them peace. There
are many different ways in which a person becomes a disbeliever in
Allah. For full explanation see Kufr. Plural: Kuffar.
Kafila ‫القافلة‬
Kaid ‫القائد‬

Kain ‫قابيل‬

Kaiser ‫القيصر‬ ‫العاهل‬

Kauser ‫الكوثر‬

Kawthar (Al) The fount of Kawthar ‫الكوثر‬

1. "The fount of Kawthar". A sacred fount in Jannah (paradise). It
is the source of all the four rivers of Paradise, and feeds the
Hawd of the Prophet Muhammad, may Allah bless him and
grant him peace. Surah 108 of the Holy Qur'an.
2. The Hawd which is filled by Al-Kawthar is at the end of the
Siratul Mustaqeem. It is a gift from Allah to the Holy Prophet,
may Allah bless him and grant him peace. It is to quench the
thirst of the true believers.
Keblat ‫القبلة‬
Ken - ‫المعرفة‬ ‫الدراك‬
Khadija may Allah be pleased with her ‫خديجه رضي‬
‫الله عنها‬
First wife of the Holy Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him
peace, and one of the four greatest females created, the other three
being;
1. Mariam (Mary), Mother of the Prophet isa (Jesus), peace be on
them.

90
 2. Asiya, the wife of Fir'aun (Pharaoh).
3. Fatima, daughter of Muhammad, may Allah bless them and
grant them peace.
Khaibar ‫خيبر‬
A famous town north of Madinah. It was the place where a great battle
took place between the Muslims and the Jews in 1OAH. The Muslim
victory at Khaibar destroyed Jewish influence in the Arabian peninsular
for many centuries, until the introduction of the modern Jewish
banking system throughout the world. See Holy Qur' an, Al-A hzab
(33):27.
Khaleel ‫خليل‬
Highest form of friendshp. The love that is mixed with one's own soul.
The Prophet Muhammad and the Prophet Ibrahim, may Allah bless
them and grant them peace, were 'Khaleelu'llah', the intimate friends
of Allah. They loved people for Allah, but their greatest love was only
Allah Subhana wa Ta'ala Himself.
Khalideen ‫خــالدين‬
To abide for ever. The good will abide in the Jannab (Paradise) and the
evil will abide in the Nar (Hellfire) forever. "Khalideena feeha abada".
(They will abide in there for ever.) The word "Aba da" also means "for
ever". Allah Ta'ala uses "Abada" to emphasize "for ever", reminding us
that eternity is endless.
Khalifa ‫خليفة‬
Derives from the word Khalafa,
Yakhlufu = come after.
Khulafa = the ones who succeed others, in the sense of standing in as
a representative for someone else.
Thus Khalifa = viceregent, the representative of Allah. Khalifa has two
main meanings:
1. General: It refers to mankind, particularly the believers. See
Holy Qur'an, Al-Baqara (2):30. Every Muslim is a Khalifa and
should carry the banner of Islam high and strive to establish
the Deen of Islam until Allah's Word is uppermost on the earth.)
2. Specific: A Muslim ruler. There were four Al-Khulafaa ar-
Rashideen, "the rightly-guided Khulafaa":
o AbuBakras-Siddiq- 11-13AH.
o Umar ibn al-Khattab - 13-23AH.
o Uthman ibn 'Affan - 24-36AH.
o Ah ibn Abi Talib- 36-4OAH.
May Allah be pleased with them. Plural: Khulafaa.
Khandaq (Al) The Ditch ‫الخندق‬
"The Ditch". A famous battle between the early Muslims and the
pagans in which the Muslims built a Khandaq (trench) on the
unprotected side of the city of Al-Madinah al-Munawarah to prevent
the advance of the Makkan unbelievers in 5AH. The enemy were

91
halted by this unexpected tactic, and then driven away by awful
weather, mutual distrust and low morale, without any major
engagement having taken place. It was also called Ghazwatul-Ahzab
(Battle of the Clans), because the Makkan idol-worshippers were
assisted by the Jewish Tribes ofBanu Nadhir, Banu Chatfan and Banu
Asad. See Holy Qur'an, An-Nur (24):55, Al-Ahzab (33):9-20.
Kharaj ‫الخــــراج‬
Tax imposed on the revenue from land taken from non-muslims to
ensure their equal rights under Islamic law.
Khatib orator ‫خطيب‬
orator, speaker.
Khawarij ‫الخوارج‬
The people who dissented from Islam and created a false belief which
was not part of the HolyQur'an or the teachings of the Holy Prophet
Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. Singular:
Kharij.
Khazen ‫خازن‬
. Finance manager.
Khimar veil ‫خمار‬
A type of Hijab (veil) which covers the face, but leaves the eyes
exposed, as opposed to the Niqab, which covers the entire face,
including the eyes.
khitan : ‫ختـــــــان‬
the ritual circumcision of every Muslim male child.
Khosoof Lunar eclipse ‫الخســوف‬
Lunar eclipse. There is a special Eclipse Salat (prayer) which lasts as
long as the eclipse itself.
Kiblah ‫القبلة‬
Kind ‫الكريم المحسن‬

Kindhearteredness ‫الرقة الشفقة‬

Kindless ‫الفظ‬ ‫القاسي‬

Kindly ‫اللطيف العطوف‬

King ‫الملك‬

Kingdom ‫الملك‬
Kinship ‫قرابة‬
Kismet ‫ القسمة‬- ‫النصيب‬
Kitab ‫الكتاب‬

92
Book. There are three types of Kutub (books):
1. The Book of records or deeds. On the Day ofjudgement,
everyone from both man and Jinn will receive their book, in
their right or left hand, according to the preponderance of their
good or bad deeds and thus will either enter Paradise or be
cast into Hellfire. See Holy Qur' an, Al-Qamar (54):52-53.
2. AI-Kitab, The Book (or Revelation). Refers especially to the Holy
Qur'an, but also refers to the original revelations revealed to
the earlier messenpgers of Allah, may the blessings and peace
of Allah be on them. See Qur'an.
3. Ordinary books. i.e. books written by people, all of which are
subject of human error and cannot be compared to the Qur'an.
The Qur'an is the uncreated word of Allah Ta'ala.
Kneel ‫السجود‬
Kneeling ‫ركوع‬ ‫الجاثية‬
Knight ‫ الفارس‬- ‫النبيل‬
Knowing ‫العارف‬
Knowledge ‫العلم المعرفة‬
Koran ‫القرآن الكريم‬

Kufee ‫كوفى‬
A style of angular writing often used for early hand-written copies of
the Holy Qur'an.
Kufr ‫كفــــر‬
Disbelief in Allah's Commands, including the refusal to accept
whatever the Prophet Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him
peace, taught. There are two levels of Kufr:
1. Kufr al-Akbar (major disbelief)
. Major Kufr is subdivided into five categones;
o Kufr al-Taktheeb: Denying the divine truth.
o Kufr Abaa wa Stakbara ma'al-Tasdeeq:Refusing to bow
to Allah due to pride, even though acknowledging the
divine truth.
o Kufr ash-Shakk wa Dhann: Doubting any or all of the six
articles of faith (see 'Aqaaid), even if not completely
denying them.
o Kufr aI-Iraad: Knowingly turning away from the divine
truth.

93
 o Kufr al-Nifaq: Disbelief through hypocrisy.
2. Kufr aI-Asghar (minor disbelief)
. Being unappreciative of what Allah Ta'ala has provided.
Kunya ‫كنيه‬
A respectful and affectionate way of calling People as "Abu" or "Umm"
(Abu = father of, Umm = mother of) followed by the name of the
eldest son; if there is no male offspring then the "Abu" or"Umm" is
followed by the name of the eldest daughter. It is prohibited to have
the same Kunya as the Prophet Muhammad, may Allah bless him and
grant him peace, e.g. It is not permitted to call someone Abu Qasim".
Sahih Bukhari, Hadith 205, Vol.8. Sahih Muslim, Kitabul-A dab.
Kusuf Solar eclipse ‫كسوف‬
Solar eclipse. There is a special Eclipse Salat (prayer) which lasts as
long as the eclipse itself.
HypocriteZindeeq ‫زنديق‬
Hypocrite or unbeliever. Anyone who does not believe in Allah and
who rejects His Messengers, may Allah bless them and grant them
peace.
L
La ilaha illa'llah ‫ل اله ال الله‬
There is no deity except Allah. This sentence is called Al-Kalimatul
Tayibah.
Lailatul-Qadr' Night of Power' ‫ليلة القدر‬
The 'Night of Power', concealed in one of the odd nights in the last ten
days of Ramadan; the night on which the Qur'an was first revealed by
Jibreel to the Prophet Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him
peace, and which the Qur'an itself describes as "better than a
thousand months" (Holy Qur' an, Al-Qadr (97):3).
Lance ‫الرمح‬ - ‫الحربة‬
Lapidate ‫يرجم‬
Lapidation ‫الرجم‬
Lapse - ‫الزلة‬ ‫العثرة‬
Largess - ‫المنة الهبة‬
Last the ‫الخر‬
Last day ‫اليوم الخر‬

94
Lasting - ‫الدوام البقاء‬
Lateef (Al) ‫اللطيف‬
"Al-Lateef". The Subtle One Who is All-Pervading. One of the ninety-
nine Attributes of Allah. The exact meaning of this word is very
difficult to fully understand. It includes all of the following meanings
(and more that we are not aware of):
1. So fine that He is imperceptible to the human sight.
2. So pure that He is unimaginable to the human mind.
3. So kind that He is beyond human comprehension.
4. So gracious that He is beyond human grasp.
5. So near that He is closer to us than our jugular veins. See Holy
Qur'an, Al-Hajj (22):63, Ash-Shura(42):19.
Laudable the‫الحميد‬
Laudableness - ‫الحمد‬ ‫المدح‬ - ‫الثناء‬
Law ‫الشرع‬
Layer ‫الفقيه‬

Leadership ‫الزعامة‬
League ‫الحلف‬
Leal ‫الوفي‬
Lealty ‫الوفاء‬ - ‫ المانة‬- ‫الخلص‬
Legacy ‫الرث‬ - ‫الميراث‬
Legal ‫الشرعي‬

Legend ‫أسطورة‬
Legitimate ‫الشرعى‬
Legitimists ‫المشرعون‬ - ‫الفقهاء‬
Lewdness ‫فاحشة‬
Lewdness. A major sin.
Liberation ‫التحرير‬
Link ‫صلة‬
Literally Taabi`oon ‫التابعون‬

95
 Literally, followers. The generation of Muslims immediately after the
Companions (.Sahaabah).
Local custom which is `recognizably' good. In the absence of anything
to the contrary, derivation of the law from the common and approved
mores of a people.
Loot, Peace be upon him ‫لوط عليه السلم‬
Lot. A prophet of Islam. Nephew of the Prophet Ibrahim (Abraham),
peace be on them. The Prophet Loot's wife was destroyed, along with
the people whom he called to worship Allah, for their wickedness.
They were the first people to practise homosexuality and lesbianism.
See Holy Qur'an, Houd (11):81, Ash-Shu'ara (26): 160-175.
Loss ‫ الخسارة‬- ‫السراف‬
Loyal ‫المين‬ - ‫ المخلص‬- ‫الصادق‬
Loyalty - ‫الصدق المانة‬
Luminous ‫نورانية‬
Lunar calendar ‫)التقويم القمري ) الهجري‬
In their religious duties, Muslims depend on solar and lunar calendars.
The latter is shorter than the solar by twelve days. Fasting the month
of Ramadhan, celebrating the two major feasts ('Eid Al-Fitr and 'Eid Al-
Adhha), performing the pilgrimage to Makkah, and other religious
activities depend upon the lunar months. The names of the lunar
months are: Muharram, Safar, Rabi' Al-Awwal, Rabi' Al-Akhar, Jumadal
ulla, Jumada Al-Akhirah, Rajab, Sha'ban, Ramadhan, Shawwal, Zul-
Qa'adah, and Zul-Hijjah. The timing of the daily prayers depends on
the solar system.

96
Luqman ‫لقمـــــــان‬
"Luqman". Name of a wise sage of ancient Arabia. Some say he was a
prophet. He has the title of Mu'ammar (the long lived one). Surah 31
of the Holy Qur'an.
Lure ‫ الغواء‬- ‫ الغراء‬- ‫الغواية‬
Luxurious ‫ المسرف‬- ‫المبذر‬
Luxury ‫الترف‬
Luxary ‫التنعم‬
M
Ma'arij (Al) ‫المعـــــــــراج‬
"The Ways of Ascent". Surah 70 of the Holy Qur' an.
Ma'arif ‫المعــــــــارف‬
A spiritual realisation of Allah Ta'ala. Gnosis. It is to directly witness
the Light of the Names and Attributes of Allah manifested in the heart.
Ma'shar Assemblies ‫المعشـــــــر‬
Assemblies. Whether they be assemblies of mankind or of the Jinn or
both.
Mabrur ‫مبــــــرور‬
A Hajj that is accepted by Allah because of its perfection in both
inward intention and outward observance of the traditions of
Rasoolu'llah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.
Madhhab: way of going ‫المذهب‬
(plural: madhaahib). Literally, way of going. School of thought.
Madyan ‫مدين‬
People of the Prophet Shu'aib, peace be on him. They were destroyed
by an earthquake for rejecting Shu'aib and the warnings from Allah Ta'
ala he had brought with him. See Holy Qur'an, Al-A'raf(7):85-93, Houd
(1]):84-95.
Maghdoub Cursed ‫مغضــــــــــــوب‬
"Cursed" by Allah Ta'ala. Surah Al-Fariha (1):7, "...Maghdoubee
'alaihim..." (those that have been cursed) refers to the Jews. Allah Ta'
ala has cursed them for continually breaking their covenants. See Holy
Qur' an, Al-Baqara (2):83 - 86, 93,100, Al-Ma' idah (5):13-14, 73.
Maghfirah Forgiveness ‫المغفـــــــره‬
Forgiveness. In the Holy Qur'an Allah Ta'ala uses three different words
to mean "forgive":
1. 'Afa. Forgave, in the sense of obliterating the memory of
wrondoing from one's mind.

97
 2. Safaha. Forgave, in the sense of overlooking, ignoring or
turning away from misdeeds.
3. Maghflra. Comes from one of the ninety-nine Attributes of Allah
Ta'ala, "Al-Ghafur", which means to forgive again and again.
Maghreb Sunset ‫المغــــــــرب‬
Sunset. The fourth compulsory Salat (Prayer) of the day. It consists of
three Raq'as. It can be prayed at any time between just after sunset
and before the stars appear in the sky.
Magic ‫سحر‬
Magician -‫ساحر مجوسي‬
Magnanimity ‫كرم الخلق‬ - ‫النخوة‬
Magnificence - ‫بهاء‬ ‫جلل‬
Magnificent - ‫ بهي عظيم‬- ‫جليل‬
Mahr ‫مهــــــــر‬
Dowry given by a husband to his bride on marriage.
Maiden ‫عذراء‬
Manifest Zaahir ‫الظاهــــــــر‬
Manifest, apparent, obvious. A word or phrase is described as zaahir
when it has a clear meaning. It may still however be open to
interpretation.
Maiser Gambling ‫الميسر‬
Gambling. Literally means getting something too easily. Maiser has
been prohibited by Allah Ta'ala in the strongest terms possible :
"Ijtanibou" - "Leave it!". It is a higher level of prohibition than
forbidding it because it is Haram. Hararn = a direct prohibition ordered
by Allah Ta'ala. Ijtanibou = a degree more serious than Ha ram. It is
not only Haram, but also a direct command not to approach or be near
it for any reason whatsoever. See Holy Qur'an, Al-Ba qara (2):2 19, A/-
Ma' idah (5):93.
Majeed The Most Glorious ‫الماجــــد‬
"Al-Majeed". The Most Glorious. One of the ninety-nine Attributes
ofAllah. For a full list of the Asmaul Husna of Allah Ta'ala.
Majesty ‫جلل‬ -
‫فخامة‬
Majoos Fire worshippers ‫المجـــوس‬
Fire worshippers. These people lived mainly in Persia and the Eastern
Arabian Peninsula in the pre-Islamic period of ignorance. See Holy Qur'
an, Al-Haft (22):17.
Majority ‫الغلبية‬
Major sins ‫كبائر‬

98
Makr ‫المكــــــــــــــر‬
Has two meanings:
1. Plotting or planning with evil intent.
2. Planning for a good purpose:
"Wa Makaru wa Makara Allah wa'llahu Khairul Makereen"
(Surah Aali 'Imran (3):54). "They planned and Allah planned
and Allah is the best of planners".
Makaru = they plotted. Makara = He planned.
Makkar = plotter.
Makereen= plotters.
See Holy Qur' an, Aali 'Imran (3):54.
Malaikah Angels ‫ملئكـــــه‬
• "Angels". Another name for Suratul Fatir. Surah 35 of the Holy
Qur' an.
• A race of created beings that are made out of light. Their sole
purpose in creation is to worship and glorify Allah and to
perform their duties exactly as described. They are incapable
of disobedience. They do not eat, or sleep, or procreate. Their
exact number is unknown. Amongst the well-known ones are
the following:
1. The angel Jibreel (Gabriel) - the angel whose duty is to
communicate between Allah Ta'ala and the prophets
and to whomever Allah wills; e.g. he was commanded to
communicate with Mariam (Mary,Mother of the Prophet
Jesus), Jesus and Muhammad, may Allah bless them and
grant them peace.
2. The angel Mikaeel (Michael) - the angel of provisions.
3. The angel of Death - takes the souls of people when
they die. Many Muslims mistakenly call him lirael. The
name "I irael" is neither mentioned in the Holy Book of
Allah, the Holy Qurtan, nor by Muhammad, may Allah
bless him and grant him peace, in any of the Ahadeeth.
The name "Izrael" is mentioned in the Taurat and
therefore has been 'borrowed' from the Jews. Beware of
such innovations. Copying the Jews or any other
unbelievers, and then saying "This is from Allah", is Kufn
4. The angel Israfeel - the angel who will blow the horn to
bring the universe to its end.
5. The angel Ridwan - keeper of Jannah (Paradise).
6. The angel Maalik - keeper of Nar (Hellfire).
7. The angels Munkar and Nakeer - the two angels who are
assigned to question the souls of the dead in their
graves about their fa ith.
Peace be on all of them. Singular: Malak.
Malice ‫ مكر‬- ‫خبث‬

99
Malignity ‫كراهية‬ - ‫حقد‬
The Mamluk State (1250-1517 A.D.) ‫دولة‬
‫المماليك‬
The Mamluk State (1250-1517 A.D.) : The Mamluks were originally
Turkish, Circassian and Mongol slaves recruited by the Ayyubids. They
rose to power in Egypt and constituted the two ruling-classes: the
Naval Mamluks and the Mamluks of the Tower. The Mamluk Sultans
extended their influence over Syria and some parts of Asia Minor. They
confronted the Crusaders and Mongols. After the fall of their state at
the hands of the Ottomans, their chiefs represented a source of
trouble and disturbance until Muhammad `Ali eliminated them at the
Massacre of the Citadel (1811 A.D.) Although their era was famous for
its political anarchy, they left behind important architectural
monuments including mosques, schools, and hospices, particularly in
Cairo.

Manah ‫مناة‬
Manah : An idol worshipped in Mecca in the Pre-Islamic period
Manasik General sacrifice ‫مناسك‬
General sacrifice in the path of Allah Ta'ala. All deeds and actions
during the Hajj are regarded as Manasik, for they are indeed regarded
as sacrifices in the path of Allah.
Manifestly ‫علنية‬
Mankind ‫البشرية‬
Mansookh Abrogated ‫منســـــــــوخ‬
Abrogated. The abrogation of certain commands usually came with
increased belief or a change in situation. Only Allah Ta'ala has the
power to abrogate verses of the Holy Qur'an. An example of an
abrogated statement is: "...wa in too bdu ma fee anfooseekum aw too
khfoohu youhasibkumbihi Allah..."(Al-Baqara (2):284), "...whether you
show what is in your mind or conceal it, Allah will call you to account
for it...". When the Muslims heard this Ayah they went to Muhammad,
may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and said: "O Rasoolullah,
we can control ourselves, but how can we control the outbursts in our
hearts?" (i.e. sudden thoughts that Shaitan puts within us). The
Prophet Muhammad said: "Do you intend to say, 'Same'na wa asaina'
(We hear and we disobey), as did both the People of the Book (i.e. the
Jews and the Christians)? Say, 'Same'na wa ata'na!'." So they said,
'Same'na wa ata'na (We hear and we obey) . On hearing their reply
Allah Ta'ala abrogated this verse, by revealing the 286th verse of
Surah al-Bqara. "La youkalifu'llahu nafsan lila wus'aha...", "Allah does
not burden a soul beyond its scope...". The aim of the 284th verse of
Surah al-Baqara was to test the followers of Muhammad, may the
blessings and peace of Allah be on him and them, as to whether or not

100
they would say the same as the Jews and the Christians who used to
say, "Same 'na wa 'asaina" (We hear and we disobey)
Maqam Ibrahim The station of Ibrahim ‫مقام‬
‫ابراهيم‬
The station of Ibrahim. The place where the Prophet Ibrahim, peace be
on him, stood in prayer, and which marks the place of prayer following
Tawaf of the Ka'aba. This place today is marked by a stone in which
there are two large sunken footprints, said to have been made by the
Prophet Ibrahim when he stood on the stone while he and his son
Ismael were building the Ka'aba.
Mariam, peace be upon her ‫مريم عيها السلم‬
"Mary". The Virgin Mary. Daughter of 'Imran and Hannah and mother
of the Prophet Isa (Jesus), peace be on him. She is the first of the four
greatest females created, the other three being:
1. Asiya, the wife of Fir1aun (Pharaoh).
2. Khadija, the first wife of Muhammad.
3. Fatima, daughter of Muhammad, may the blessings and peace
of Allah be on him and all his wives and family.
Surah 19 of the Holy Qur'an.
Martyr Shaheed ‫شهيد‬
Martyr in the cause of Allah Ta'ala. There have been many Shuhadaa
in Islamic history, amongst whom are the following:
1. Hamza, martyred at the Battle of Uhud in 4AH.
2. Umar, stabbed in Madinah on 27/12/23AH.
3. Uthman, axed at his home on 17/12/35AH.
4. Ali, stabbed while in Sajda on 17/9/4OAH.
5. Hussein, martyred at the Battle of Karbulah (Iraq) on 9/l/6l AH.
Whoever is killed in the way of Allah goes straight to the Garden, may
Allah be pleased with all of them. See Holy Qur'an,An-Nisaa (4):117-
120. Plural: Shuhadaa
Marut ‫ماروت‬
One of the two angels that were sent by Allah as a trial to mankind by
way of allowing Harut and Marut to teach them magic. See Holy
Qur'an, Al-Baqara (2):102.
Marwa ‫المروه‬
A small hill in Makkah close to the holiest Masjid in Islam, Al-Masjid al-
Haram. See Sa'i Safa and Marwa.
Masad (Al) Palm Fibre ‫المسد‬
"Palm Fibre". Another name for Surah AbI Lahab. This Surah
condemned Abi Lahab and his wife to Hellfire (many years before their
deaths) for their Kufr, especi~ly their violent opposition to the Prophet
Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. Surah 1]] of
the Holy Qur'an.

101
Maskeen visibly in need ‫مسكين‬
visibly in need, but also those who seem in no need of help, but who in
reality are very poor. Singular: Miskeen.
Masjid Mosque ‫مسجد‬
Mosque. A place of worship for Muslims. A place where the five daily
compulsory prayers are regularly done, except for the Jum'a prayers
(the Friday noon prayer and Friday Khutba). The Masjid Jame' is the
place where all the five compulsory Salat (Prayers) and the Jurn'a
prayers are regularly done. The Masjid Jame' is usually larger than a
Masjid. Plural: Masaj Id.
Masjid al-aqsa (Al) 'Furthest Mosque' ‫المسجد‬
‫القصي‬
The 'Furthest Mosque' built by the early Muslims in Jerusalem, on or
near where the Temple of Solomon once stood. See Baitul-Maqdis.
Masjid al-haram (Al) ‫المسجد الحرام‬
The Grand Masjid in Makkah. The Ka'ba (the Qiblalt of the Muslims) is
situated within it.
Masjid an-nabawi (Al) ‫المسجد النبوي‬
Another name for the Masjid ar-Rasool in Al-Madinah. It is the second
greatest Masjid in Islam, the first being the Masjid al-Haram in Al-
Makkah al-Mukaramah, and the third being the Masjid al-Aqsa in AI-
Quds (Jerusalem).
Mediation‫ وساطة‬- ‫شفاعة‬
Medieval ‫عصور وسطي‬
Medina Al-Munawwarah ‫المدينة المنورة‬
Medina Al-Munawwarah [Illuminated] : Previously known as Yathrib
Meditation - ‫تفكر تأمل‬
Menace ‫تهديد‬ ‫وعيد‬
Mendacity ‫الفك‬ - ‫الزور‬
Merciful ‫رحيم‬
Mercy - ‫رحمة‬ ‫رأفة‬
Messenger ‫رسول‬
Messenger of Allah ‫رسول الله‬
Mi'raj ‫المعـــــــــراج‬
The Night Journey of the Holy Prophet Muhammad, may Allah bless
him and grant him peace, from Makka to Jerusalem and then through
the realms of the seven Heavens, beyond the limit of forms, the Sidrat
al-Muntaha, to within a bow-span's length or nearer to the Presence of

102
Allah. See Holy Qur' an, Al-Isra (17):1. See Bukhari, Hadith 345, Book
8, Vol.1 ,and 227,book 58 Vol.5.
Migration ‫هجرة‬
Mihraab Prayer niche ‫محــــــــراب‬
Prayer niche of a Masjid (mosque), in front of which the Imam stands
when leading the congregational prayers.
Militant ‫مجاهد‬ ‫محارب‬
Mimbar pulbit ‫منبر‬
Steps on which the Imam stands to deliver the Khutba on the day of
the Jum'a.
Mina ‫منى‬
A place five miles from Makkah and approximately ten miles from
'Arafat. An essential place to visit during the Hajj. See Hajj.
Minaret ‫مناره‬
Minority ‫القلية‬
Miracles ‫معجزات‬
Miracle : A miracle is an event that appears inexplicable by the laws of
nature, so held to be supernatural in origin or an act of Allah.
Misbelief ‫كفر‬
Miscreant ‫جاحد‬
Miser - ‫بخيل‬ ‫شحيح‬
Misery ‫شقاء‬ - ‫بؤس‬
Misrule ‫ فوضي‬- ‫اضطراب‬
Mission ‫ بعثة‬- ‫ارسالية‬
Mistrust ‫ شك‬- ‫ريبة‬
Mob ‫غوغاء‬
Moderation ‫العتدال‬
Modesty ‫ عفة‬- ‫طهارة‬
Mohammad, peace be upon him ‫محمد صلي‬
‫ال عليه وسلم‬
The Final Messenger of Allah Subhana wa Ta'ala to Ins wal Jinn
(mankind and the Jinn). Born in Makkah in 570AC. At the age of 40 he
was called upon to become the mightiest of all messengers. He died in
Madinah at the age of 63 after gloriously completing his transmission
of the Divine Message. He was the bringer of the greatest miracle of
all time, the Holy Qur'an. It is through him that Allah Ta'ala has

103
enlightened mankind and the Jinn until the Day of Judgement. He is
the Best of Creation, may the blessings and peace of Allah be on him
and his family and his companions and all who follow him and them in
what they are able, with sincerity, until the Last Day. To those Jews
and Christians who reject the Holy Prophet Muhammad, let it be
known that Muhammad is actually mentioned by name in the Old
Testament in the original Hebrew Song of Solomon, Ch.5, v.16. But for
some misguided reason they have chosen to adulterate it by changing
it from "Muhammadim" (in the Hebrew) to "altogether lovely" in the
English. (Mummad + im is a term of respect in Hebrew.) Similarly,
Muhammad is actually mentioned by name in the New Testament in
John 14.16,26,15.26 and 16.13. The Greek word "Periqleitos"
(Paraclete), which is the equivalent of the Aramaic word "Mhamda",
means precisely what "Ahmad" means in Arabic, "the most
praiseworthy", and "Ahmad" is one of the Prophet Muhammad's
names, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. But for some
misguided reason they have chosen to adulterate it by changing it
from "Mhamda" (in the Aramaic) to "Comforter" or "Counsellor" in the
English. Many other references to Muhammad which existed in the
original Torah and Ingeel have been removed altogether. Allah Ta'ala's
wrath awaits those who knowingly alter or hide His words. Allah Ta'ala
has given Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, the
following names;
1. Muhammad: The one who praises and is praised.
2. Ahmad: The most praiseworthy.
3. AI-Mahi: The effacer (of Kufr).
4. AI.'Aqib: The last.
5. Mustafa: The chosen.
6. AI-Amin: The trustwonhy.
Surah 47 of the Holy Qur' an. For a chronological list of the main
events in the Prophet Muhammad's life, may Allah bless him and grant
him peace.
A Chronological Guide

1. Prophet's birth In the spring The date is a

season Monday is matter of
the agreed day. controbersy, but
1st year of Am-ul- most researchers
Feel. 50 days lean to the 9th Rabi
after the event of I, as Monday also
the elephant, falls on that date.
corresponding to Other dates
22nd April, suggest are 10 and
570 AD, 1st Jaith 13 Rabi I. Some
628 Bikrami have also
before sunrise, suggested 8. But

104
 popularly known the majority of
to be 12 Rabi I. scholars' view
favours 9.

2. Nursing At the age of 4 2-3 days after

months. birth, he was
suckled by
Thaubia, a slave
girl of Abu Lahab.
Permanent nursing
period spent at the
desert home of
Halima S'adia

3. Death of Prophet's At the age of 6

mother. years.

4. Death of his At the age of 8

grandfather. years 2 months
10 days.

5. First journey to Syria At the age of 12 The episode of

with Hazrat Abu Talib. years 2 months Bahira, the
Monk, is
connected with
this journey.
6. Participation in the At the age of 15
battle of Fajjar 1st time. or thereabout.

7. Participation in the Some time later,

battle of Fajjar second no date given.
time.

8. Participation in Hilful At the age of 16.

Fazul, a reformist
movement.

9. Second journey to At the age of 23

Syria as a trader. or 24

10. Marriage with Hazrat At the age of 25

Khadija. years 2 months.

11. Unseen secrets Seven years

reveal themselves. before
Prophethood at
the age of 33.

105
12. Arbitration. At the age of 35. Arbitrated in the
dispute about
fixing the black
stone which was
amicably settled.

13. Prophethood. At the age of 40

years 11 days, 9
Rabi I,
corresponding to
12 February, 610
AD, Monday

14. Fajr and Asr 9 Rabi I, on the

Prayers , prescribed 2 day of
Rakats each. Prophethood.

15. Beginning of 18 Ramaza 1st Sura 'Alaq was

revelation of the Qur'an year of revealed
Prophethood
Friday, at night

16. Beginning of secrect House of Arquam About 40 people

preaching Makhzoomi was accepted Islam
made centre of during this period.
movement.

17. First public At the end of 3rd

announcement of year of
Prophethood. Prophethood.

18. First wave of 3rd to 5th year of During this period,

opposition, Ridicule Prophethood. deputations of
Propaganda and mild Quraish went to
oppression. pressurise Abu
Talib and
confabulations for
opposition.

19. Second wave of 5th to 7th year of

intense opposition, Prophethood.
Oppression.

20. Migration to Rajab, 5th year of

Abyssinia. Prophethood.

21. Hazrat Hamza and Hazrat Umar

Hazrat Umar embrace accepted Islam 3
Islam. days after Hazrat
Hamza.

106
22. Prophet's internment 1st Muharram, 7th
at Shi'b Abi Talib with year of
the family of Hashim. Prophethood.

23. End of internment End of 9th year of

and boycott. Prophethood.

24. Year of sorrow. 10th year of

Death of Hazrat Abu Prophethood.
Talib and Hazrat Khadija

25. Visit to Taif Jumada II, 10th

year of
Prophethood.

26. Ascension (Miraj) 27ths Rajab, 10th

year of
Prophethood,
Monday

27. Daily prayers five 27th Rajab, 10th

times a day prescribed. year of
Prophethood,
Monday.

28. Beginning of Islam in Zul hijja, 10th

Medina. year of
Prophethood

29. Deputation of Zul hijja, 12th

Medina. Six people year of
accept Islam. Prophethood.

30. First pledge of Zul hijja, 12th

Aqaba with 12 persons. year of
Prophethood.

31. Second pledge of Zul hijjar, 13th

Aqaba with 75 persons. year of
Prophethood.

32. Migration: Safar 27, 13th

(a) From Mecca year of
to the cave of Thaur Prophethood,
Prophet's age was
53 years.

(b) Departure from 1st Rabi I, 13th

Thaur year of
Prophethood,

107
 Monday, 16th
September, 622
A.D.

(c) Arrival at Quba. 8th Rabi I, 14th

year of
Prophethood
Monday 23rd
September, 622

(d) Entry into Medina. 14th year of

Prophethood,
Friday

33. Foundation of Rabi I, 1 H.

Masjid-i-Nabavi laid.

34. Addition of Rabi II, 1 H.

obligatory prayers

35. Brotherhood First quarter, 1 H.

between Migrants and
Ansars

36. Establishment of Middle of 1 H.

Islamic State and
constitutional
agreement of Medina.

37. Defence system Middle of 1 H. Patrol parties start.

introduced.

38. Marriage with Hazrat Shawwal, 1 H. Married in

Ayesha.
Mecca before
migration but
consummation
at Medina after
migration.
39. Islam of two elite,
Abdullah ibn Salam,
formerly Jew and Abu
Qais Sarha bin Abi Anas,
former Christian monk.

40. Jihad ordered. 12 Safar 2 H.,

1 year 2

108
 months and
10 days after
migration.
41. First military action Safar 2 H.
Ghazwa Waddan.

42. Pacts with outside Safar to Jumada II,

clans Bani Damra, 2 H.
People of Bowat and
Banu Madlaj.

43. Robbery of Kurz bin Rabi I, 2 H.

Jabir Fahri.

44. Nakhla episode, first End of Rajab, 2 H. One non-

frontier clash of Islamic
party.
Muslim killed
and two taken
prisoners and
brought to
Medina. The
Prophet
resented the
action and
made amends
for it.
45. Salman Farsi accepts 2 H.
Islam.

46. Beginning of Azan 2 H.

47. Zakat prescribed. 2 H.

48. Change of Qibla. 15th Shaban, 2 H.

Monday

49. Ramazan fast 1st Ramazan, 2 H.

prescribed. Wednesday.

50. Congregational 1st Shawwal, 2 H.

prayer of Eid-ul Fitr, Fitra
ordered.

51. Battle of Badr. First 8 Ramazan, 2 H.

109
regular battle: Start Wednesday
from Medina.

Battle. 17 Ramazan, 2 H.

Victorious entry into 20 Ramazan, 2 H.

Medina.

52. Marriage of Hazrat After the battle of

Ali and Hazrat Fatima. Badr, 2 H.

53. Siege of Banu Middle of Shawwal

Qainuqa'. to beginning of
Ziq'ada, 2 H.

54. Prophet's marriage 3 H.

with Hazrat Hafsa,
daughter of Hazrat
Umar.

55. Marriage of Hazrat 3 H.

Usman with Hazrat
Umme Kulsum, daughter
of the Prophet.

56. First order of 3 H.

prohibition of wine.

57. End of Ka'ab bin 3 H.

Ashraf.

58. Birth of Hazrat 15 Ramazan, 3 H.

Hassan.

59. Battle of Uhud, Start 5 Shawwal, 3 H.

from Medina. after Friday
prayer.

Battle. 6 Shawwal, 3 H.
Saturday.

Pursuit of Abu Sufian's 7 Shawwal, 3 H.

army up to Hamra- Sunday.
ul-Asad.

60. First order of Soon after battle

prohibition of usury. of Uhud.

61. Injunctions about Soon after battle

orphans. of Uhud.

110
62. Detailed laws of Soon after battle
inheritance issued. of Uhud.

63. Injunctions about 3 H.

marriage, rights of
wives, prohibition of
marriage with idolaters.

64. Prophet's marriage End of 3 H.

with Ummul Masakin
Zainab, daughter of
Khozaima.

65. Episode of Raji'. Safar, 4 H.

Murder of 10 members
of missionary
deputation.

66. Ghazwa Banu Rabi I, 4 H.

Nodair.

67. Death of Hazrat Rabi I, 4 H.

Zainab, daughter of
Khozaima.

68. Order of Hijab 1 Ziq'ada, 4 H.

Friday.

69. Final order of 4 H.

prohibition of wine.

70. Second Ghazwa of Ziq'ada, 4 H. Abu Sufian did not

Badr. turn up in keeping
with his own
challenge.

71. Ghazwa Dumatul Rabi I, 5 H.

Jandal

72. Ghazwa Banu Al- 3 Shaban, 5H.

Mustalaq

73. Injunctions for On the way to

Tayammum. Ghazwa Banu
Mustalaq.

74. Prophet's marriage Shaban, 5 H.

with Hazrat Jowairia.

75. Episode of Ifk. Shaban, 5 H.

111
76. Enforcement of 5 H.
Penal Laws against
fornication, slander etc.

77. Ghazwa Ahzab. Shawwal or

Ziq'ada, 5 H.

78. Arrival of Daus 5 H.

deputation to Medina.

79. Punishment of Banu Zul hijja, 5 H.

Quraiza.

80. Prophet's marriage 5 H.

with Zainab, daughter of
Jahsh.

81. Islam of Thamama 6 H.

bin Usal, chief of Najd.

82. Treaty of Hudaibiya. Ziq'ada, 6 H.

83. Return to Medina Zul hijja, 6 H.

from Hudaibiya.

84. Islam of Khalid bin Zul hijja, 6 H.

Walid and Amr ibn-ul
Aas.

85. Beginning of 1st Muharram, 6

international call-letters H. Wednesday.
to rulers.

86. Ghazwa Khyber. Muharram, 7 H.

87. Prophet's Murharram, 7 H.

marriage with
Hazrat Safia.
88. Return of Abyssinian 7 H.
migrants.

89. Establishment of 7 H. By Muslim

independent Muslim
camp at Saiful Bahr.
young men
who were
oppressed in
Mecca but

112
 could not be
allowed to say
at Medina
according to
Hudaibiya
Treaty.
90. Raid by Saif-ul-Bahr Safar, 7 H.
on Quraish Caravan.

91. Postponed Umra Ziq'ada, 7 H.

performed

92. Detailed injunctions 7 H.

about marriage and
divorce

93. Marriage of the 7 H.

Prophet with Hazrat
Maimuna at Mecca

94. Islam of Jibila 7 H.

Ghassani.

95 Ghazwa Mutah. Jumada I, 8 H.

96. Violation of Rajab, 8 H

Hudaibiya pact by non-
Muslims

97. Ghazwa of the 10 Ramazan, 8 H.

conquest of Mecca, start Wednesday.
from Medina.

Victorious entry into 20 Ramazan, 8 H.

Mecca

Expedition of Hazrat Most probably

Khalid to demolish 25 Ramazan, 8 H.
the temple of Uzza at
Nakhla.

Expedition of Amr ibn-ul Ramazan, 8 H

Aas to demolish the
temple of Swa'a.

113
Expedition of Sa'ad Ramazan, 8 H
Ashhali to demolish
temple of Manat.

Stay in Mecca Up to 9 Shawwal

Ghazwa Hunain. Shawwal, 8 H

Siege of Taif End of Shawwal to

beginning of
Ziq'ada, 8 H.
about 18 or 20
days.

Distribution of booty at Ziq'ada, 8 H.

Ji'rana, and Umra

98. Final order of 8 H. On the occasion of

prohibition of usury the victory of
Mecca. Annulment
of all demands of
the amounts of
interest.

99. Arrival of Suda 8 H.

deputation at Medina.

100. Death of Hazrat 8 H.

Zainab, daughter of the
Prophet.

101. Organization of Beginning of

Zaka. Muharram, 9 H.

102. Ghazwa of Tabuk. Rajab, 9 H.

Start of the Poor
Contingent.

103. Order about Jizia. At the time of

Tabuk.

104. Zerar Mosque set On return from

on fire. tabuk.

105. Islam of Ukaidir, 9 H.

chief of Dumatul Jandal.

106. Apology by Ka'ab 9 H.

ibn Zuhair and his
acceptance of Islam.

114
107. Some deputations
which came to Medina:

Deputation of Azra. Safar, 9 H.

Deputation of Baliy. Rabi I, 9 H.

Deputation of Khaulan. Shaban, 9 H.

Deputation of Thaqif. 9 H.

108. Haj prescribed. 9 Zul hijja, 9 H.

First Haj under Hazrat
Abu Bakr.

109. Proclamation of 10 Rabi II, 10 H.

annulment of pacts of
unlimited period.

110. Deputation of 10 H.
Maharib.

Deputation of Mahamid. 10 H.

Deputation of Khaulan. Shaban, 10 H.

Deputation of Naisan. Ramazan, 10 H.

Deputation of Bani Haris Shawwal, 10 H.

bin Ka'ab

Deputation of Salaman. Ramazan, 10 H.

111. Twenty days' Ramazan, 10 H.

retirement of the
Prophet in the last
Ramazan.

112. Musailima the liar's 10 H.

correspondence with the
Prophet

113. The Last Haj: start 26 Ziq'ada,

from Medina.
10 H.
Saturday
between Zuhr

115
 and Asr.
Stay at Zulhailifa. Night
between
Saturday and
Sunday.
Putting on Ihram Sunday at the
time of Zuhr
prayers
Arrival and stay at Night of
Zittowa.
Sunday 4 Zul
hijja, 10 H.
Start from Zittowa to 5 Zul hijja, after
Mecca early morning
prayer.

Entry into sacred 5 Zul hijja, 10 H.

Mosque. at noon

Stay outside Mecca. up to 8 Zul hijja,

10 H.

Start for Mina. 8 Zul hijja, 10 H.

Thursday noon

Start from Mina to 9 Zul hijja, 10 H.

Arafah Friday
after sunrise.

Haj Address. 9 Zul hijja, 10 H.

Friday afternoon.

Stop at Arafah. 9 Zul hijja, 10 H.

after Zuhr and Asr
prayers.

Start from Arafah to 9 Zul hijja, 10 H.

Muzdalifa. after sunset,
Friday.

From Muzdalifa to 10 Zul hijja, 10 H.

Masha'ar-i-Haram Saturday after
morning prayer.

116
From Masha'ar-i-Haram 10 Zul hijja, 10 H.
to Mina before sunrise

Throwing of pebbles. 10 Zul hijja, 10 H.

after sunrise till
noon.

Address at Mina. 10 Zul hijja, 10 H.

noon.

Sacrifice performed. After address.

Start from Mina to 10 Zul hijja, 10 H.

Mecca.

Return from Mina to 10 Zul hijja, 10 H.

Mecca. evening.

Second address at Mina. 11 Zul hijja, 10

H.

Start from Mina to 13 Zul hijja, 10 H.

Mahsab or Abtah. Tuesday.

Return from Mecca. Night between

13th and 14th Zul
hijja, 10 H.

114. Deputation of Middle of

Nakh'a Muharram, 11 H.

115. Order for Start of 26 Safar, 11 H. Last military

Usama's Army. expedition ordered
by the Prophet.

116. Beginning of the End of Safar, 11

Prophet's fatal disease. H.

117. Period of 7 days up to the

seriousness of disease. time of passing
Stay in Hazrat Ayesha's away.
room.

118. Last 5 days before

congrgational passing away,
prayer at the Thursday,
mosque and last Zuhr prayer.
address.

117
119. Passing away. 12 Rabi I, 11 H.
Monday,
forenoon.

120. Burial in Hazrat Night between

Ayesha's room. 13 and 14
Rabi I, 11 H.
Tuesday.

Monarchism ‫رهبنة‬
Monarchy - ‫ملكية سلطنة‬
Monastery ‫ دير‬- ‫صومعة‬
Monk - ‫ناسك راهب‬
Monopolist ‫محتكر‬
Monopoly ‫احتكار‬
Monotheism ‫التوحيد‬
Moot ‫مجادلة‬ - ‫محاورة‬
Morale ‫روح معنوية‬
Motivation ‫دافعية‬
Motive - ‫دافع باعث‬
Mould Taqwim ‫تقويـــم‬
Mould, shape, form, etc. Allah Ta'ala created man in the best of forms,
but then abased him to the lowest of the low. See Holy Qur 'an, At-
Teen (95):4-5.
Mouted ‫على كل ضامر‬
Mubashirat Glad tidings ‫مبشــــرات‬
Glad tidings. Good dreams.
Mubiqat destructive sins ‫موبقـــــات‬
Major, destructive sins.
Mudathir (Al) The Cloaked One ‫المدثر‬
"The Cloaked One". Surat 74 of the Holy Qur' an.
mufti : an interpreter ‫مفتــــى‬
an interpreter or implementer of shari'ah or Islamic law (essentially
an Islamic lawyer). The Council of Muftis gathers together to debate
changes to Islamic laws in the face of modern advances, such as
organ donation.

118
Muhaddith A scholar of Ahadeeth ‫محـــدث‬
A scholar of Ahadeeth (sayings and traditions of the Holy Prophet
Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace). Plural:
Muhaditheen.
Muhajir immigrant ‫مهاجـــــــر‬
A Muslim who emigrated from Makkah to Madinah during the time of
the great repression of the Muslims by the pagan Quraish up until the
conquest of Makkah in 8AH by the Prophet Muhammad, may Allah
bless him and grant him peace. Plural: Muhajireen.
Muhajireen ‫مهاجــــــــرين‬
Plural of Muhajir. See Holy Qur'an, Al-Hashr (59):8-9, Al-Munafiqun
(63): 7. See Muhajir.
Muhkam ‫محكم‬
Qur'anic verses which have a clear-cut meaning.
muhtasib. ‫المحتسب‬
The officer in charge of the hisba, whose duty, among other things, is
to ensure the proper conduct of people in their public activities.
mujtahid. ‫مجتهـــــد‬
Religiously learned.
Mulhid Atheist ‫الملحد‬
Atheist. A complete disbeliever in Allah Ta'ala and the Last Day.
Derives from Ilhad (atheism). Ilhad literally means deviation. For a full
explanation: See Ilhad. Plural: Mulhidoon or Muihideen.
Mulk (Al) The Sovereignty ‫الملك‬
"The Sovereignty", of Allah Ta'ala. Surah 67 of the Holy Qur'an.
Munafiq A hypocrite ‫المنافــــق‬
A hypocrite, more dangerous and worse than a kafir
Munafiqeen Hypocrites ‫المنافقين‬
Hypocrites. They are the worst of created beings, for they pretend to,
but do not believe in Allah and the Last Day. Allah has cursed them
(At-Tawbah (9):67-69) and on the Day of Judgement they will occupy
the lowest depth of the Nar (Hellfire), called "Hutama". Also spelled as
Munafiqoon. Singular: Munaflq.
Munkar ‫منكــــر‬
1. Name of one of the two angels who will question us in our
graves. See Munkar wa Nakir.
2. Something that is disapproved of in Islam.
3. Something that is denied when it is said or pointed out.
4. Something that is refused when offered.

119
Munkar wa Nakir, peace be upon them ‫منكر‬
‫ونكير‬
The two angels who will question the souls of the dead in their graves
shortly after burial about their faith, asking, "Who is your Lord? Who is
your Prophet? What is your Book? What was your Deen?" See
Malaikah.
Muqarraboon ‫المقربون‬
Literally means "those who have been brought near". These are the
most exalted, the most loved by Allah Ta'ala. On the Day of
Resurrection, Allah Ta'ala will sort out the good and the evil into three
groups:
1. Muqarraboon - the exalted class, those who are the nearest to
Allah Ta' ala. Also described as the Sabiqoon, meaning 'those
who outstrip the rest'.
2. Ashab al-Maimana - literally means "the Companions of the
Right". These are the righteous people, those who are destined
to enter the Jannah (Paradise).
3. Ashab al-Mashama - literally means "the Companions of the
Left". These people will be the inheritors of the Nar (Hellfire).
For full explanation on;
Muqarraboon - see Al- Wa qi'ah (56):11-26.
Ashab al-Maimana - see Al- Wa qi'ah (56):27-40.
Ashab al-Mashama - see Al- Wa qi'ah (56):4!-56.
Murji'ah: Deferrers ‫مرجئه‬
Deferrers. Those who defer judgment of the sinner to God and the
Day of Judgment.
Mursalat (Al) The Emissaries ‫المرسلت‬
"The Emissaries". Surah 77 of the Holy Qur' an.
Mursaleen ‫المرسلين‬
Literally means "those who are sent". It refers to the prophets and
messengers sent by Allah Ta'ala. Allah sent many prophets and
messengers to preach the message of Tawheed to Ins wal Jinn
(mankind and the Jinn). Their exact number is not Ahadeeth. Here is a
complete list of the prophets and messengers of Allah who are
mentioned in the Book of Allah Ta'ala, may the blessings and peace of
Allah be on all of them:
For example :
1. Adam 950- ?? The first human
1000
2. Idris 83 ?? Enoch
3. Nooh(M) 950 3900 Noah

2900BC

120
4. Houd 150 2500 Preached to 'Ad.

2200BC
5. Saleh 58 2000 Preached to
Thamud
1900BC
6. Ibhrahim 175 1861 Abraham
(NI)
1786BC
7. Loot 175 1861 Lot

1786BC
8. Ismael 120or1 1781 Shmael
43
1638BC
9. Ishaq 178or1 1761 Isaac
80
1681BC
10.Yacoub 147 1700 Jacob

1653BC
11.Yusuf 110 1610 Joseph

l5OOBC
12.Shuaib ? 1600 Preached to
Madyan
15OOBC
13.Ayoub 92 1600 Job

1500BC
14.Dhu'l-Kifel 75 1600 Ezekiel.

15OOBC
15.Musa(M) 120 1436 Moses

1316BC
16.Haroon 122 1439 Aaron.

1317BC

121
17.Dawood (NI) 70 1043 David

937BC
18.Sulaiman 53 985 Solomon

932BC
19.Ilyas ? 9 BC ca Elijah.
20.Al-Yas' ? 9 BC Ca Elisha
21.Yunus ? 8 BC Jonas
Ca.
22.Zakariah 120 100BC Father of
Yahyah.
2OAC
23. Yahya 30 1BC 3OAC John the Baptist
24.Isa(M) 33 1 33AC Jesus
25.Muhamma 63 571 The Final
d(M) Messenger
632AC
(M)= a messenger as well as a prophet of Allah Ta'ala; i.e. one who
came with a new message, a revelation that confirmed the earlier
revelations, but which contained new elements appropriate for its
time.
Murtad Apostate ‫مرتــــــــد‬
Apostate. Plural: Murtadeen.
Murtaddeen ‫مرتدين‬
People who become apostates, i.e. people who become unbelievers
after having believed.
Back To list ]
Musa, peace be upon him ‫موسى عليه‬
‫السلم‬
Moses. One of the greatest prophets and
messengers of Islam. See Mursaleen.
Mushrikeen Idol-worshippers ‫مشركين‬
Idol-worshippers. People who associate partners with Allah Ta'ala,
such as the Christians, who have raised the Prophet Isa (Jesus, Son of
Mary), peace be on them, to the level of Allah. Allah Ta'ala may
forgive any sin which man or Jinn may commit, except for dying in a
state of Shirk. Singular: Mushrik. See Shirk.

(AL)Mustafa The Select ‫المصطفى‬

AL-Mustafa [The Select] : One of the names of the Holy Prophet (peace
be upon him) because he was chosen by Allah to be His Messenger to
all mankind.

122
Mutashaabihaat: Allegorical ‫متشابهات‬
Allegorical. Refers to verses (aayaat) of the Qur'an which are
expressed in a figurative manner in contradistinction to aayaat
muhkamaat or verses which are clear in and by themselves.
Mutiny ‫عصيان فتنةتمرد‬
Muzzammil (AL) The Enshrouded One ‫المزمل‬
"The Enshrouded One". Surah 73 of the Holy Qur'an.
Mystic ‫صوفي‬
Mysticism ‫تصوف‬
Myth ‫أسطورة‬

123
 N
Nahl (Al) The Bee ‫النحل‬
"The Bee". Surah 16 of the Holy Qur'an.
Najm (Al) The Star ‫النجم‬
"The Star". Surah 53 of the Holy Qur'an.
Najwa ‫النجوى‬
1. A private talk between Allah the Almighty and one of His slaves
on the Day of Resurrection. See Sahih Bukhari, Hadith 621,
Book 43, Vol.3.
2. A secretive talk amongst the Kuffar plotting against the Holy
Prophet Muhammad and his followers, may the blessings and
peace of Allah be on him and them. See Surah al-Mujadalah
(58):8.
Naskh Abrogation ‫نسخ‬
Abrogation of certain parts of the Qur'anic revelation by others. The
principle is mentioned in the Qur'an: "None of Our revelations do We
abrogate or cause to be forgotten, but We substitute something better
or similar" (2: 106).
Naasikh active participle ‫ناسخ‬
(active participle). Refers to the passage which abrogates or
supersedes the part which is abrogated. The abrogated passage is
called mansookh (passive participle).
Nation ‫ امه‬- ‫شعب‬
Negativism ‫سلبية‬
The Negus ‫النجاشى‬
The Negus : King of Abyssinia who received the Muslims who had
immigrated to his country from Mecca and protected them
Neighbour ‫جار‬
Neighbourhood - ‫جيرة‬ ‫جوار‬
Neuter ‫حيادي‬
Nifaq Hypocrisy ‫نفاق‬
Hypocrisy. One of the greatest sins in the sight of Allah Ta'ala. The
punishment for Nifaq is the lowest pit of an-Nar (Hellfire), the Hutama.
See Jahanam.
Niggard ‫بخيل‬
Nobility ‫الشراف‬

124
Noble ‫ نبيل‬- ‫شريف‬
Nomad ‫بدوى‬

Nomadism ‫بدواة‬
Nooh, peace be upon him ‫نوح عليه السلم‬
"Noah". A messenger as well as aprophet. Surah 71 of the Holy
Qur'an. See Mursaleen.
Noon Duhr ‫الظهـــــــــــر‬
Noon. The second obligatory Salat (Prayer) of the day. It can he
prayed at any time between noon and mid-afternoon
Nun ‫راهبة‬
Nusuk ‫نسك‬
A general sacrifice in the path of Allah. All the deeds and actions of
Hajj are regarded as Nusuk, for they are indeed regarded as sacrifices
in the path of Allah Subhana wa Ta'ala. Plural: Manasik.
Nuzool ‫النزول‬
The revelation of the Holy Qur'an. The revelation of the Holy Qur'an
was revealed in three stages:
1. It was first written on the Lauh al-Mahfudh, i.e. on the guarded
tablet in the Seventh Heaven.
2. On the Lailatul Qadr Allah Ta' ala sent the entire Qur' an down
to the Baitul 'Izza in the First Heaven.
3. During the month of Ramadan Allah Ta'ala ordered the Holy
Spirit, the Angel Jibreel (Gabriel), peace be on him, to start to
reveal the Qur'an to the Holy Prophet Muhammad, may Allah
bless him and grant him peace, but not all at once. The entire
revelation of the Holy Qur'an took twenty-three years.
O
O Allah Allahumma ‫اللهم‬
"O Allah". This is said when invoking Allah Ta'ala. For example, "Allah
humma atina fid dunya hasana wa fil akhirati hasana wa qin a 'ad hab
an-nar". "OAllah, give us the good of this world and the good of the
Hereafter and preserve us from the Hellfire."
Obdurate ‫عنيد‬
Ta'a Obedience ‫طاعه‬ ‫خضوع‬
Obedience to Allah and performing good deeds. Interpretation.
Especially interpretation of the Holy Qur'an
Obeisance - ‫سجود خضوع‬
Occupation ‫احتلل‬

125
Olden ‫عتيق‬ ‫غابر‬
Omnipotent ‫القدير‬
Omniscient ‫عليم‬
Onset ‫غارة‬- ‫هجوم‬
Opinionated ‫ عنيد‬- ‫مكابر‬
Oppression ‫ظلم‬
Optimism ‫التفاؤل‬
Orator ‫مفوه خطيب‬

126
orders Ahkam ‫أحكام‬
Literally means "orders". In Islam, orders are subdivided into six
distinct categories:
1. Compulsory, (Fard) = severe punishment if disobeyed. This
takes two forms:
1. Fard 'ain = compulsory on every person, e.g. Salat.
2. Fard kifaya = compulsory on at least one person in the
community, e.g. Salat al-Janaza.
2. Necessary but not compulsory (Wajib), e.g. Salat
al-Juma'.
3. Recommended but not compulsory (Mustahab), e.g. Sunnah
prayers, Sadaqa.
4. Legal and allowed (Halal), e.g. eating good food,marriage.
5. Disapproved of, but not forbidden (Makrouh), e.g.smoking
tobacco.
6. Forbidden (Muharram, Haram), e.g. Zina (fornication and
adultery).
Orderliness - ‫نظام ترتيب‬
Organization ‫منظمة‬
Orient ‫الشرق‬
Orientalism ‫الستشراق‬
Orientalist ‫مستشرق‬
Origin ‫اصل‬- ‫نشأة‬
Original sin ‫الخطيئة الولى‬
Ornament ‫ حلية‬- ‫ زينة‬- ‫زخرف‬
Orphan ‫يتيم‬
Orthodox ‫الراشدون‬
Ostracize ‫ نفي‬- ‫طرد‬
Outlay ‫نفقة‬
Oversight - ‫نسيان سهو‬
Overtly ‫علنية‬ - ً ‫جهارا‬
P
‫تهدئة‬
Pacification - ‫مصالحة‬
Pact ‫ميثاق‬ - ‫عهد‬

127
Pagan ‫وثنى‬ - ‫عابد الصنام‬
Paganism ‫عبادة الوثان‬
Painful ‫مؤلم‬ - ‫موجع‬
Palace ‫قصر‬

Panegyric ‫مديح تقريظ‬ - ‫ثناء‬ -

Panic - ‫ذعر‬ ‫هلع‬

Papacy ‫البابوية‬
Papal ‫بابوى‬

Paradise ‫جنة الفردوس‬

Paragon ‫نموذج الكمال‬
Pardon ‫غفران عفو‬

Parity ‫مساواة‬

Parsimonious ‫بخيل‬

Parsimony ‫بخل‬
Participant ‫شريك‬ - ‫مقاسم‬
Party ‫حزب‬ - ‫جماعة‬
Pass - ‫ممر‬ ‫معبر‬
Passion - ‫حدة شغف غضب‬
Passive obedience ‫طاعة عمياء‬
Passive resistance ‫مقاومة سلبية‬
Paternal ‫ابوى‬ - ‫وراثى‬
Path ‫السبيل‬
Patience Sabr ‫الصبر‬
Patience and perseverance. Allah Ta'ala has promised
"Falaah"(success) in this world and in the Hereafter to those Muslims

128
who have Sabr, especially during times of hardship. See Holy Qur'an,
Aali 'Jmran (3):200.
Patrimony ‫ميراث‬
Patriot ‫وطنى‬ - ‫متعصب‬
Patronage ‫رعاية‬ - ‫تعضيد‬
Paucity - ‫قلة‬ ‫ندرة‬
Pavilion - ‫فسطاط ايوان‬
P.B.U.H ‫عليه السلم‬
These letters are abbreviations for the words Peace Be Upon Him
which are the meaning of the Arabic expression " 'Alaihis Salam",
which is an expression that is said when the name of a prophet is
mentioned. This expression is widely used by English speaking
Muslims. It is to be noticed here that this expression does not give the
full meaning of "Salla Allahu 'Alaihi Wa Sallam". Therefore it is
recommended that people do not use (p.b.u.h.) after the name of
prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.); they should use "Salla Allahu 'Alaihi Wa
Sallam" instead, or they may use the abbreviated form of (s.a..w) in
writing.
Peace ‫سلم‬ - ‫ امن‬- ‫صلح‬
Penalty ‫ قصاص‬- ‫عقاب‬
Penance ‫ توبة‬- ‫كفارة‬
Penitence ‫ توبة‬- ‫ندم‬
Penitent ‫تائب‬- ‫نادم‬
Perfidy ‫ غدر‬- ‫خيانة‬ - ‫نكث العهد‬
Period ‫عصر‬

Perjury ‫يمين زور‬- ‫حنث‬

Permissible ‫ مباح‬- ‫جائز‬
Permission ‫ اذن‬- ‫اجازة‬ ‫ رخصة‬-
Perpetuate ‫ ابد‬- ‫خلود‬
Perpetuity ‫ بقاء‬- ‫ابدية‬

129
Perplexity ‫حيرة‬ - ‫ارتباك‬
Persecution ‫اضطهاد‬

Perspicacious ‫بصير‬ - ‫صاحب نظر‬

Persuasion ‫ استمالة‬- ‫اقناع‬
Pert ‫سفيه‬
Pertinacity ‫ عناد‬- ‫اصرار‬
Pertinent - ‫ملئم مناسب‬
Oerverse ‫متمرد‬ - ‫عنيد‬
Perversity ‫ضلل‬ - ‫عناد‬
Pervert ‫مارق‬ - ‫ضال‬
Pest ‫طاعون‬ - ‫وباء‬
Phantom ‫ شبح‬- ‫طيف‬
Pharisaism ‫ رياء‬- ‫نفاق‬
Phenomena ‫ظواهر‬

Phenomenon ‫ظاهرة‬

Philanthropy ‫محبة خير البشرية‬

Philosophy ‫فلسفة‬
Piety ‫تقوى‬ - ‫ورع‬
Pig ‫خنزير‬
Pilgrim ‫الحاج‬

Pilgrimage ‫الحج‬
Pillage ‫غنيمة‬

Pillars Arkan ‫أركـــــان‬

Pillars. This refers to the indispensable pillars of Islam. There are five
Arkan of Islam:

130
 1. Shahadatain, bearing witness. All Muslims must believe in and
utter the Shahadatain.
o The First Shahada is: Ashhadu an la illaha illal'lah. (I
bear witness that there is no deity worthy of worship
except Allah.)
o The Second Shahada: Ashhadu anna Muhammadar
Rasoolullah. (I bear witness that Muhammad is the
Messenger of Allah.) Singular: Shahada = bearing
witness. Dual: Shahadatain = bearing witness.
2. Salat, prayers. To perform all the five compulsory daily Salat
(prayers) regularly in the exact manner as was practised by the
Holy Prophet Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him
peace.
3. Seeaam, fasting. Also spelled as Saum. To fast in the month of
Ramadan.
4. Zakat, wealth dues. To pay 2.5% of one's yearly savings o the
poor and needy Muslims. The Zakat is compulsory on all
Muslims who have saved (at least) the equivalent of 85g of 24
carat gold at the fime when the annual Zakat payment is due.
Zakat is also due on other things such as silver, animals, crops,
etc. For full explanation on Zakat refer to the relevant books
written on the subject.
5. Hajj, pilgrimage. To perform the pilgrimage to the Holy City of
Makkah at least once in one's lifetime (if one is able to afford
it).
Pimp ‫ديوث‬
Pious ‫ تقى‬- ‫ ورع‬- ‫متدين‬
Piousness ‫التقوى‬
Pirate ‫قرصان‬

Pitiless ‫عديم الشفقة‬

Pity ‫ شفقة‬- ‫عطف‬

Placable ‫ مسامح‬- ‫عطوف‬
Plague ‫طاعون‬ - ‫وباء‬
Platonic ‫طاهر‬ - ‫عذرى‬
Plaudit ‫ ثناء‬- ‫مدح‬
Plea ‫ حجة‬- ‫ احتجاج‬- ‫عذر‬

131
Pledge ‫رهينة‬ - ‫ عهد‬- ‫وعد‬
Plenty ‫وفرة‬ - ‫رخاء‬
Plurality ‫ تعددية‬- ‫اكثرية‬
Poetry ‫الشعر‬

Politeness ‫ ادب‬- ‫كياسة‬

Politics ‫السياسة‬

Pollute - ‫فسق‬ ‫دنس‬

Polytheism ‫ الشرك‬- ‫تعدد اللهة‬
Polytheists ‫المشركين‬
Poor Faqir ‫فقير‬
A poor person. In Islam poverty may take two forms :
1. Wordly : A person who does not have the financial means to
help himself.
2. In the Akhira(Hereafter): A person who has failed to gain the
pleasure of Allah Ta'ala by way of disobedience, thus earning a
place in the Nar (Hellfire).
Poor dues ‫الزكاة‬
Populace - ‫العوام العامة‬
Population ‫السكان‬
Pork ‫لحم الخنزير‬

Portend ‫توعد‬
Portico ‫رواق‬ - ‫دهليز‬
Portliness - ‫وقار مهابة‬
The Possessors of Constancy Awlo alazm ‫أولو‬
‫العزم‬
Position ‫وضع‬
Postponement ‫تأجيل‬ - ‫ارجاء‬

132
Possession ‫ سيطرة‬- ‫استحواذ‬
Potency - ‫قوة‬ ‫نفوذ‬
Potent - ‫قادر‬ ‫مقتدر‬
Potentate ‫مسيطر‬
Pout ‫عبس‬ - ‫تجهم‬
Poverty - ‫فقر‬ ‫عوز‬
Powerful - ‫قوى‬ ‫قدير‬- ‫مقتدر‬
Praise ‫ حمد‬- ‫ ثناء‬- ‫مدح‬
Praiseworthy ‫حميد‬

Prayer ‫صلة‬

Preacher ‫واعظ‬ - ‫مبشر‬

Preaching ‫الموعظة‬
Precaution ‫ حذر‬- ‫حيطة‬
Precipice ‫هاوية‬ - ‫هوة‬
Precipitance - ‫هور‬ ‫اندفاع‬
Preclusion ‫ منع‬- ‫صد‬
Precursor ‫بشير‬ - ‫نذير‬
Predestination ‫قضاء‬ - ‫جبرية وقدر‬
Predict ‫ تنبأ‬- ‫انذر‬
Prediction ‫تكهن‬
Predisposition ‫ استعداد‬- ‫قابلية‬
Predominance ‫تسلط‬ - ‫غلبة‬
Predominant ‫متسلط‬

Pre-eminence ‫استعلء‬

133
Prehistoric ‫ماقبل التاريخ‬
Prejudice ‫تعصب‬
Preparation ‫اعداد‬ - ‫استعداد‬
Prepossessed ‫ متحامل‬- ‫متحيز‬
Prescribed ‫مفروض‬
Prescript ‫فتوى‬
Prestation ‫عطاء‬
Pretence ‫ادعاء‬ - ‫ حجة‬- ‫تظاهر‬
Pretext - ‫حجة‬ ‫علة‬
Prevalence ‫سيادة‬ - ‫تسلط‬
Prevention ‫ منع‬- ‫ صد‬- ‫ايقاف‬
Previous - ‫سابق سالف‬
Priest ‫كاهن‬

Priestess ‫كاهنة‬
Priesthood ‫كهنوت‬
Primitive ‫بدائى‬
Primordial ‫اصلى‬ ‫ اساسى‬-
Prince ‫امير‬

Principle ‫مبدأ‬
Principles of Islamic law Usulul Fiqh ‫أصول‬
‫الفقه‬
Principles of Islamic law, drawn from the original fundamental primary
sources.
Princedom ‫امارة‬
Princess ‫اميرة‬

134
Principal ‫رئيسى‬
Principality ‫امارة‬ ‫مقاطعة‬
Pristine ‫ فطرى‬- ‫اولى‬ - ‫ازلى‬
Privation ‫ حرمان‬- ‫فاقة‬
Privilege ‫امتياز‬ - ‫حق‬
Privy council ‫مجلس العرش‬
Proclamation ‫اعلن‬ - ‫منشور‬
Proclivity - ‫ميلاستعداد‬
Prodigal ‫مبذر‬- ‫مسرف‬
Prodigality - ‫اسراف تبذير‬
Profanation ‫ تدنيس‬- ‫انتهاك الحرمة‬
Progeny ‫نسل‬ - ‫ذرية‬
Prohibition ‫تحريم‬ - ‫منع‬
Promiscuity ‫اباحية‬
Promise ‫ وعد‬- ‫عهد‬
Proof Daleel ‫دليل‬
(plural: adillah). Proof, indication, evidence. Every ruling or judgment
needs to be substantiated by the appropriate daleel in the first
instance from the Qur'an and the Sunnah.
Propaganda - ‫الدعاية نشر الدعوة‬
Propensity ‫ استعداد ميل‬-
Property ‫ملكية‬
Prophecy - ‫تنبؤ تكهن‬
Prophet Nabi ‫نبي‬
Prophet. There have been many prophets since the world was first
created. Their exact number is not mentioned either in the Holy
Qur'an or in any of the authenticated Ahadith (sayings and traditions
of the Holy Prophet Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him

135
peace). Only twenty-five of them are actually named in the Holy
Qur'an, may the blessings and peace of Allah be on all of them. See
Mursaleen for the complete list. Plural: Anbiyaa.
Prophethood ‫النبوة‬
Propitiation ‫كفارة‬

Proposition ‫ رأى‬- ‫ اقتراح‬- ‫قضية‬

Proselyte - ‫مهتد مهدى‬
Prosperity ‫ فلح‬- ‫نجاح‬
Prosperous ‫مفلح‬
Prostitution ‫زنا‬

Prostrating ‫سجود‬
Protection ‫حماية‬ ‫وقاية‬
Protectors Awliyaa ‫أولياء‬
Protectors, friends, supporters, helpers. Comes from the same root
word as Maula. Singular: Walee.
Protest ‫اقامة‬ ‫الحجة‬
Protestation ‫احتجاج‬

Proud ‫متكبر‬ - ‫فخور‬

Province ‫اقليم‬ - ‫مقاطعة‬
Provocation - ‫اثارة‬ ‫اغضاب‬
Proxy ‫تفويض‬ - ‫توكيل‬
Prudence - ‫فطنة بصيرة‬
Prudent fear ‫التقية‬

Psalm ‫الزبور‬ - ‫مزمور‬

Psalter ‫المزامير‬

Publicity ‫ انتشار‬- ‫شيوع‬

Publicly ‫علنية‬ - ً ‫جهارا‬

136
Pulpit ‫منبر‬
Pumpkin ‫اليقطين‬
Punishment ‫عقاب‬ - ‫قصاص‬
Pure ‫طاهر‬

Purification ‫تطهير‬
Purify ‫تطهر‬

Purity ‫الطهارة‬

Purification Tahara ‫طهـــــــارة‬

Purification. Tahara is accomplished in a variety of ways, e.g.:
1. Souls. In order for the soul to be pure one must submit one's
whole self to Allah Ta'ala, i.e. become a Muslim.
2. Bodies. They are purified through Tayammum, Wudu or Ghusl,
depending on the circumstances. For a full explanation: See
Tayammum, Wudu and Ghusl.
3. Clothing. Three things indicate that clothes may be impure and
need washing:
o If they smell.
o If they are wet and the cause of the wetness is either
unknown or known to be impure or dirty.
o If they are stained.
Puritan ‫حنبلى‬ - ‫مدقق‬
Purity ‫طهارة نقاء‬
Q
QabrGrave ‫قبر‬
Grave.Life in the Qabr(the grave)is known as the "Barzakh",the
interspace, because it comes between in this world and life in the next
world. The Qabr is known by six names:
1. Bait al-Ghurba (House of the Stranger).
2. Ba1t al-Wahda (House of Solitude).
3. Bait al-Turab (House of Dust).
4. Bait al-Door (House of Worms).
5. Bait al-Fitna (House of Trail).
6. Bait al-Dhulma (House of Darkness).
The grave is experienced as a place of peace and light and spaceby
the Ruh of the Mumin who sees his or her place in the Garden in the
morning and in the evening; and is experienced as a place of torment
and darkness and no space by the Ruh of the Kafir who sees his or her

137
place in the Fire in the morningand in the evening. After death there is
a period of waiting in the grave for the Ruh until the Last Day arrives,
when every one who has ever live will be brought back to life and
gathered together. their action will be weight in the Mizan (the
Balance), and every one will either go to the Garden or the Fire, for
ever.
Qada wa Qadar Decree and Destiny ‫القضاء‬
‫والقدر‬
Decree and Destiny. Qada means what Allah has ordained for all the
world. Qada can not be changed, for the decree of Allahis final. Qadar
is the individual fate, or destiny if each one of all His creature. It also
can not be changed but may be altered by Allah under special
circumstances, for "Allah has power over all thing" (Holy Qur'an, Al-
Ma'idah (5):19.)
Qadi judge ‫القاضي‬
It means judge.
Qardan Hasana ً ‫قرضا ً حسنا‬
"A beautiful loan" (to Allah Ta'ala). Spending in the cause of Allah
Ta'ala is described by Allah Ta'ala Himself as "a beautiful loan"
because it entails self-denial for the sake of Allah Ta'ala. It is for this
reason that Allah has promised a rich reward for those who expend
their wealth in His Path. See Holy Qur' an, Al-Baqara (2):245, Al-Hadid
(57):11, 18.
Qareen ‫القرين‬
1. One who performs Hajj al-Qiran. See Hajj.
2. An independent soul that resides inside a person. It is normally
a friendly companion who helps the individual, but sometimes
gets jealous and causes problems. A male Qareen resides in a
male person and a female Qareen in a female,
3. Companion
Qaroon ‫قارون‬
Korah. A wealthy Kafir who led a rebellion (of 250 men) against the
Prophets Musa (Moses) and Haroon (Aaron), peace be on them. As a
punishment Allah Ta'ala caused the earth to open and swallow them
up along with all that they possessed. See Holy Qur'an, Al- Qasas
(28):76-82, Al-Ankabut (29):39.
Qiama (Al) The Resurrection ‫القيامه‬
"The Resurrection". Surah 75 of the Holy Qur' an.
Qibla ‫القبله‬
Direction in which all Muslims face when praying. Initially the Qiblah
was towards al-Quds (Jerusalem), then Allah Subhana wa Ta'ala
ordered the Holy Prophet Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant
him peace, to face al-Ka'ba in Makkah al-Mukarramah. Everyone has a

138
direction in life, but only the Muslims have this Qiblah. See Holy
Qur'an, Al-Baqara (2):142-145, 149-150.
Qisaas Law ‫القصاص‬
Law of equal retaliation when punishing a person for injuries
intentionally inflicted on someone else. See Al-Baqarah(2:178-179).
Also Qisas, Qesas
Qiyas measuring ‫القياس‬
Literally Qiyas means measuring or ascertaining the length, weight or
quality of something. Qiyas also means comparison to establish
equality or similarity between two things. A fourth element of Sharia
not found in the Quran, Sunnah, or given in the Ijma, qiyas are new
cases or case law that may have been previously decided by a higher
judge. The Sharia judge can use legal precedent to decide new case
law and its application.
Quack ‫دجال‬
Quail ‫وهن‬- ‫ضعف‬
Quarrel ‫خصام‬ - ‫عراك‬
Qubâ' ‫قبـــــــاء‬
A place on the outskirts of Al-Madina. The Prophet saw established a
mosque there, which bears the same name. A visit to that mosque on
Saturday forenoon and offering a two Rak'ât prayer is regarded as a
performance of 'Umra in reward according to the Prophet's saying.

Queen ‫ملكة‬
Quest ‫حاجة‬ - ‫طلب‬ - ‫بحث‬
Quiescence - ‫طمأنينة هدوء‬
Qur'an ‫القرآن الكريم‬
The "Recitation". The Holy Qur'an. Also called AI-Furqaan,"The
Discrimination (between truth and falsehood)". The Final Revelation of
Allah Subhana wa Ta'ala to Ins wal-Jinn (mankind and the Jinn). Allah
Subhana wa Ta'ala Himself decreed that it is He who will preserve the
Holy Qur'an from any deletion or addition or alteration until the Day of
Resurrection. It is generally understood that it is a book meant for the
Muslims alone. In fact, it is a book for all mankind and jinn to follow up
to the Day of Judgement, but it has been accepted only by those who
have submitted their will (the Muslims) to Allah the Almighty. The
people whom the Qur'an is intended to benefit are described in
Suratul-Baqara (2):1-5.They are the successful ones. The Holy Qur'an
was revealed to the Prophet Muhammad, may Allah bless him and
grant him peace, through the Angel Jibreel (the Angel Gabriel), peace
be upon him, during a period of twenty-three years. The Holy Qur'an is
the greatest of the Last Messenger's miracles, since he could neither

139
read nor write and had never received any formal education. The Holy
Qur'an is the uncreated word of Allah. The Holy Qur'an contains 114
Suwar, composed of 6,616 Ayat, 77,934 words and 323,671 letters.
Surah Index :
• 1. The Opening
• 2. The Cow
• 3. The Family Of 'Imran, The House Of 'Imran
• 4. Women
• 5. The Table, The Table Spread
• 6. Cattle, Livestock
• 7. The Heights
• 8. Spoils Of War, Booty
• 9. Repentance, Dispensation
• 10. Jonah
• 11. Hud
• 12. Joseph
• 13. The Thunder
• 14. Abraham
• 15. Al-hijr, Stoneland, Rock City
• 16. The Bee
• 17. Isra', The Night Journey, Children Of Israel
• 18. The Cave
• 19. Mary
• 20. Ta-ha
• 21. The Prophets
• 22. The Pilgrimage
• 23. The Believers
• 24. Light
• 25. The Criterion, The Standard
• 26. The Poets
• 27. The Ant, The Ants
• 28. The Story, Stories
• 29. The Spider
• 30. The Romans, The Byzantines
• 31. Luqman
• 32. The Prostration, Worship, Adoration
• 33. The Clans, The Coalition, The Combined Forces

140
• 34. Saba, Sheba
• 35. The Angels, Orignator
• 36. Ya-sin
• 37. Those Who Set The Ranks, Drawn Up In Ranks
• 38. Sad, (the Letter) Sad ( S)
• 39. The Troops, Throngs
• 40. The Believer, The Forgiver (god)
• 41. (signs) Spelled Out, Ha-mim
• 42. Councel, Consultation
• 43. Ornaments Of Gold, Luxury
• 44. Smoke
• 45. Crouching
• 46. The Wind-curved Sandhills, The Dunes
• 47. Muhammad
• 48. Victory, Conquest
• 49. The Private Apartments, The Inner Apartments
• 50. Qaf, (the Letter), ( Q)
• 51. The Winnowing Winds
• 52. The Mount
• 53. The Star
• 54. The Moon
• 55. The Beneficent, The Mercy Giving
• 56. The Event, The Inevitable
• 57. Iron
• 58. She That Disputeth, The Pleading Woman
• 59. Exile, Banishment
• 60. She That Is To Be Examined, Examining Her
• 61. The Ranks, Battle Array
• 62. The Congregation, Friday
• 63. The Hypocrites
• 64. Mutual Disillusion, Haggling
• 65. Divorce
• 66. Banning, Prohibition
• 67. The Sovereignty, Control
• 68. The Pen, (the Letter) N
• 69. The Reality

141
• 70. The Ascending Stairways, Staircases Upward, Sckeptic
• 71. Noah
• 72. The Jinn, Sprites
• 73. The Enshrouded One, Bundled Up
• 74. The Cloaked One, The Man Wearing A Cloak
• 75. The Rising Of The Dead, Resurrection
• 76. Time, Man, (every) Man, This (day-and-)age
• 77. The Emissaries, Winds Sent Forth
• 78. The Tidings, The Announcement
• 79. Those Who Drag Forth, Soul-snatchers
• 80. He Frowned!
• 81. The Overthrowing, Extinguished! Wrapping Things Up
• 82. The Cleaving, Bursting Apart
• 83. Defrauding, The Cheats, Cheating
• 84. The Sundering, Splitting Open
• 85. The Mansions Of The Stars, Constellations
• 86. The Morning Star, The Nightcomer
• 87. The Most High, Glory To Your Lord In The Highest
• 88. The Overwhelming, The Pall
• 89. The Dawn, Daybreak
• 90. The City, This Countryside
• 91. The Sun
• 92. The Night
• 93. The Morning Hours, Morning Bright!
• 94. Solace, Consolation, Relief
• 95. The Fig, The Figtree
• 96. The Clot, Read!
• 97. Power, Fate
• 98. The Clear Proof, Evidence
• 99. The Earthquake
• 100. The Courser, The Chargers
• 101. The Calamity, The Stunning Blow, The Disaster
• 102. Rivalry In World Increase, Competition
• 103. The Declining Day, Eventide, The Epoch
• 104. The Traducer, The Gossipmonger
• 105. The Elephant

142
 • 106. Winter, Quraysh
• 107. Small Kindnesses, Almsgiving, Have You Seen?
• 108. Abundance, Plenty
• 109. The Disbelievers, Atheists
• 110. Succour, Divine Support
• 111. Palm Fibre, The Flame
• 112. The Unity, Sincerity, Oneness Of God
• 113. The Daybreak, Dawn
• 114. Mankind

Quraish ‫قريش‬
One of the greatest tribes in pre-Islamic Arabia. The Holy Prophet
Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, belonged to
this tribe. At first they were an avowed enemy to the Prophet, but the
vast majority accepted Islam after the conquest of Makkah in 8AH by
Muhammad and 10,000 of his companions, may the blesssings and
peace of Allah be on him and them. Surah 106 of the Holy Qur' an. See
Holy Qur'an, Al-Qamar (54):43-46,51.
Qurbaan: ‫قربان‬
Literally means "sacrifice". In Islam it refers to the sacrificing of
animals solely for the pleasure of Allah Ta'ala on the day of eid ul-
ad'haa and the two days following it.
R
Ra'd (Ar) The Thunder ‫الرعد‬
"The Thunder". Surah 13 of the Holy Qur' an.
Rabbi ‫حاخام‬ ‫حبر‬
Rabbinical ‫حاخام‬
Rabble ‫الرعاع‬ ‫السوقة‬
Race ‫جنس‬ ‫سللةاصل‬
Racism ‫عنصرية سللية‬
Rahaman (Ar) Most Gracious ‫الرحمن‬
"Ar-hahman". Most Gracious, Merciful. One of the ninety-nine
Attributes of Allah Ta'ala. Surah 55 of the Holy Qur' an. This Surah is
referred to as "The Bride of the Holy Qur an
Raheem (Ar) Most Merciful ‫الرحيم‬
"Ar-Raheem". Most Merciful. One of the ninety-nine Attributes of Allah
Ta'ala. . It is said that the Attribute of Ar-Raheern consists of the

143
mercy of Allah that is only experienced by the Muslims, whereas the
Attribute of Ar-Rahman consists of the mercy of Allah that is
experienced by the whole creation. For example, all creatures are fed
until they die, but only the Muslims experience the reward of breaking
the fast at the end of each day of Ramadan, and the reward of
meeting their Lord in the next world.
Rajm (Ar) Stoning ‫الرجم‬
Stoning. In Islamic law the Hadd punishment for whoever is married
and commits adultery is to be stoned to death.
Rak'a ‫ركعــــــه‬
A unit of the Salat (Prayer), a complete series of standing, bowing, two
prostrations and sittings. Plural: Rak'at.
Ramadan ‫رمضـــــان‬
The ninth month of the Islamic clendar. It is a very important month in
the Islamic world.
1. It is the month of fasting, during which all adult Muslims who
are in good health fast from the first light of dawn until sunset
each day. During the first third of the fast you taste Allah's
mercy; during the second third you taste Allah's forgiveness;
and during the last third you taste freedom from the Fire. See
Holy Qur' an, Al-Baqara (2):185.
2. It is the month in which the revelation of the Holy Qur' an to
our Holy Prophet Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant
him peace, commenced.
3. The Lailatul Qadr (see (Qadr, Lailatul) occurs in this month.
4. The famous Battle of Badr was fought and won in this month.
5. The Conquest of Makka by Muhammad, may Allah bless him
and grant him peace, took place in this month.
Rancour ‫ غل‬- ‫حقد‬
Random ‫عشوائى‬
Ransom - ‫فدية‬ ‫فداء‬
Rasool Messenger ‫رســــــول‬
Messenger. A prophet of Allah Ta' ala who came with a pure revelation
from Allah to mankind and the Jinn. For a complete list of the
messengers and prophets referred to in the Qur' an: See Mursallen.
Plural: Rusull. See Rusull.
Rasoolu'llah Messenger of Allah ‫رسول الله‬
Messenger of Allah. Throughout the history of the world Allah has sent
messengers with a Book to explain Tawheed to man and Jinn, and to
show them how to live at peace. The Muslims accept and believe in all
the messengers, including the prophets Nooh (Noah), Ibrahim
(Abraham), Musa (Moses), Dawood (David), Isa (Jesus), peace be upon

144
them all, and especially Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant
him peace. See Mursallen.
Ratification ‫ تصديق‬- ‫مصادقة‬
Rationality ‫عقلنية‬
Rattle death ‫حشرجة الموت‬

Readiness ‫ تأهب‬- ‫قبول‬

Realm ‫مملكة‬ - ‫دولة‬
Reasoning ‫تعقل‬ - ‫تفكر‬ - ‫جدال‬
Rebel ‫متمرد‬ - ‫عاص‬
Rebellious ‫متمرد‬
Rebellion ‫تمرد‬- - ‫ثورة عصيان‬
Recitation ‫تلوة‬ - ‫القاء‬
Recluse - ‫ناسك معتزل‬
Reclusion ‫عزلة‬ - ‫اعتكاف‬
Recognition ‫تمييز‬ - ‫ اعتراف قبول‬-
Recoil ‫ ارتد‬- ‫ترجع‬
Reconciliation - ‫وفاق‬ ‫تسوية‬ - ‫مصالحة‬
Recondite ‫ غامض‬- ‫سرى‬ - ‫خفى‬
Reconnoiter ‫تجسس‬ - ‫استطلع‬
Recorded ‫مدون‬ - ‫مسجل‬
Recourse ‫ استنجاد‬- ‫التجاء‬
Recrute ‫مدد‬
Redemption ‫ فداء‬- - ‫فدية‬ ‫استرداد‬
Redoubtable - ‫جبار‬ ‫مريع‬
Reformation ‫اصلح‬ - ‫تهذيب‬

145
Reformer ‫مصلح‬
Refrain‫قرار‬- ‫مذهب‬
Refuge ‫ ملجأ‬- ‫مأوى‬
Refutation ‫دحض‬ - - ‫تفنيد نقض‬
Regal ‫ملكى‬

Regenerate ‫مهتد‬ - ‫متجدد‬

Region ‫اقليم‬ - ‫مقاطعة‬
Registration ‫تدوين‬ - ‫تسجيل‬
Regress -‫نكوص ارتداد‬
Regression ‫ ردة‬- ‫ عودة‬- ‫تقهقر‬
Regular ‫ منتظم‬- ‫قانونى‬
Regularity ‫نظام‬ - - ‫تناسق قانونية‬
Regulation - ‫ قاعدة‬- ‫قانون نظام‬
Reign ‫ حكم‬- ‫تسلط‬
Reinforcement ‫ مدد‬- ‫امداد‬ - ‫تقوية‬
- ‫تعزيز‬
Relationship - ‫علقة‬ ‫قرابة‬
Reliable ‫ثقة‬
Reliance - ‫ وثوق‬- ‫اعتماد اتكال‬
Relics - ‫اثار‬ ‫بقايا‬- ‫ذخائر‬
religion Deen ‫الدين‬
1. Deen Usually translated as 'religion', but in fact meaning 'life-
transaction', the transaction being between Allah and each of
his created beings. The life-transaction, or religion, of Allah
Ta'ala is universal. It is the way of Islam (submisson of will to
Allah Ta'ala). He sent the same message to Nooh (Noah),
Ibrahim (Abraham), Musa (Moses), Isa (Jesus) and all the other

146
 prophets, peace be on all of them, but mankind, through
ignorance or intentional misguidance by others, has altered the
religion of Allah again and again. Allah Ta'ala sent the Holy
Qur'an as the final revelation and guidance for mankind and
the Jinn who will all be judged on the Day of Resurrection.
2. Also indicates the judgement itself, i.e. "Yaum al-Deen"
(Judgement Day).
Religious ‫دينى تقى‬
Religiousness ‫تدين‬

Remission ‫مغفرة غفران‬

Remonstrance ‫اعتراض احتجاج‬
Remorseful ‫حى الضمير‬
Renegade ‫مارقمرتد‬
Renunciate ‫تبرأ نبذ انكر‬
Renunciation ‫انكار‬ ‫تبرؤ نبذ‬
Reentance ‫ندم توبة‬
Repentant ‫أواب نادمتائب‬
Repose ‫اطمئنانراحة‬
Reprehension ‫تعنيف لوم‬ ‫زجر‬
Representative ‫وكيلنائب‬
Repression ‫كبح قمع‬
Reprobation ‫نبذ استهجان‬

Reproof ‫تعنيف‬ ‫توبيخ‬

Reputation ‫سمعة‬ ‫صيت‬
Rescission ‫فسخ‬ ‫نقض‬ ‫الغاء‬
Reservation - ‫حفظ‬ ‫استبقاء‬
Resignation ‫ استسلم‬- ‫اذعان‬

147
Resolution ‫ عزم‬- ‫تصميم‬
Respect ‫احترام‬
Respite - ‫امهال مهلة‬
Responsibility ‫مسئولية‬

Restorative ‫مجدد‬

Restrictions ‫شروط‬ - ‫تحفظات‬

Resurrect - ‫بعث‬ ‫نشور‬
Resurrection - ‫البعث القيامة‬

Retaliation ‫انتقام‬
Reticent ‫كاظم‬ - ‫كتوم‬
Retinue - ‫حاشية بطانة‬
Retire - ‫اعتزل تقهقر‬

Retirement ‫ اعتزال‬- ‫انسحاب‬

Retreat ‫ تقهقر‬- ‫عزلة‬
Retribution - ‫جزاء‬ ‫عقاب‬
Retrogression ‫رجوع‬ - ‫ارتداد‬
Revealed ‫أوحى‬
Revelation ‫وحى‬ - ‫ الهام‬- ‫تجليات‬
Revenge ‫انتقام‬ - ‫ثأر‬
Reverence - ‫وقار‬ ‫احترام‬
Revolt ‫تمرد‬- ‫عصيان‬
Revolution ‫ثورة‬- ‫انقلب‬
Reward ‫الجر‬
Rhetorician ‫ بليغ‬- ‫حصيف‬

148
Right ‫حق‬
Righteous ‫صالح‬ - ‫عادل‬
Righteousness and awe of Birr wa
Taqwa ‫البر والتقوي‬
Righteousness and awe of the Creator which ~nspire a person to be
on guard against wrong action and eager for ac don which are
pleasing to Allah.
The Rightly-Guided Caliphs (11-40 A.H.)
‫الخلفاء الراشدون‬
The Rightly-Guided Caliphs (11-40 A.H.) : The Rightly-Guided Caliphs
are the first four Caliphs who succeeded the Prophet (peace be upon
him). The Rightly-Guided Caliphs are the outstanding members of the
Community and its symbols, leaders of the Call and its guards. They
preserved the unity of the Muslim community and managed the affairs
of the Islamic state. They are: Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq, `Umar bin Al-
Khattab, `Uthman bin `Affan and `Ali bin Abi Talib.
Rigid ‫صارم‬ ‫عنيف‬
Risk ‫مخاطرة مجازفة‬
Rite ‫شعيرة‬
Rituals ‫شعائر طقوس‬

Rizq Provision ‫رزق‬

rizq. Provisions that God destines for a person, in such forms as
additional income, food, clothing, or a natural resource such as water.
See fatahna.
Provision. Sustenance. Derives from the word "AI-Razaq" The Provider
or Sustainer, one of the ninety-nine Attributes of Allah Ta' ala.
Rooh Spirit ‫روح‬
Spirit. See Holy Qur' an, Al-Hijr (15):29, Al-isra (17):85-86, Al-Mujadilah
(58):22, Al-Ma' arif (70):4, An-Naba' (78):38, Al- Qadr (97):4.
Rooh AL Qudus The Holy Spirit ‫روح‬
‫القدس‬
The Holy Spirit. Another name for the Angel Jibreel (Gabriel), peace be
on him. His duty was to communicate between Mlah and His prophets.
Alah Ta'ala strengthened the Prophet Isa (Jesus), peace be on him,
with the Holy Spirit (Al-Baqara (2):87, 253). This is one of the reasons
why the Nasara (Christians) believe that the Prophet Jesus was divine.
If Jesus was Allah, then why did he need strengthening? They also

149
believed that the Holy Spirit was divine. If the Holy Spirit was Allah,
then how was He sent and by whom? Who has the power to command
Allah to go anywhere? Do they not know that Allah is "AI-Wahid", "The
Unique"? Glory be to Allah, the Most High. Surely they disbelieve who
say that Allah has associates.
Ruh-ul-Lah ‫روح الله‬
According to the early religious scholars from among the companions
of the Prophet saw and their students and the Mujtahidûn, there is a
rule to distinguish between the two nouns in the genitive construction.
(A) When one of the two nouns is Allah, and the other is a
person of a thing, e.g.,
(i) Allah's House (Bait-ul-Lah),
(ii) Allah's Messenger;
(iii) Allah's slave ('Abdullah);
(iv) Allah's spirit (Ruh-ul- Lah) etc.
The rule of the above words is that the second noun, e.g.,
House, Messenger, slave, spirit, etc. is created by Allah and is
honourable in His Sight and similarly Allah's spirit may be
understood as the spirit of Allah, in fact, it is a soul created by
Allah, i.e. Jesus, and it was His Word: "Be!", - and he was
created (like the creation of Adam).
(B) But when one of the two is Allah and the second is neither a
person nor a thing, then it is not a created thing but is a quality
of Allah, e.g.,
(i) Allah's Knowledge ('Ilmullah);
(ii) Allah's Life (Hayatullah); (iii) Allah's Statement
(Kalamullah);
(iv) Allah's Self (Dhatullah)etc.
Root ‫ جذر‬- ‫أصل‬
Royal ‫ملكى‬

Rude ‫ فظ‬- ‫وقح‬

Ruqya ‫رقيه‬
Divine words, usually from the Holy Qur' an, used as a recitafion to
cure an illness or a disease.
Rule ‫ حكم‬- ‫قاعدة‬ - ‫سلطة‬
Ruler ‫حاكم‬ - ‫متسلط‬
Runagate ‫كافر‬- ‫ضال‬

150
 S
Sabian ‫صابىء‬
Sacerdotal ‫كهنوتى‬
Sacred - ‫دينى مقدس‬
Sacredness - ‫حرمة قداسة‬
Sacrifice - ‫ ضحية‬- ‫قربان ذبيحة‬
Sadness ‫ غمحزن‬-
afa and Marwa ‫الصفا والمروه‬
Two small hills in Makkah, in Al-Haram as-Shareef (The Grand Masjid)
to the east. It is an essential part of an Umra and the Hajj to walk
seven times between the two places, quickening one's step briefly
between two points between them. This is called Sa'i. See Holy Qur'an,
Al-Baqara (2):
- ‫امن‬
Safety ‫سلمة‬
Sage ‫ حيم‬- ‫عاقل‬
Sahih ‫صحيح‬
Healthy and sound with no defects. Authentic, as regards Ahadeeth,
such as Sahih Bukhari and Sahih Muslim.
Sahih Bukhari ‫صحيح البخارى‬
A book of authentic Ahadeeth compiled by Imam Bukhari.
Sahih Muslim ‫صحيح مسلم‬
A book of authentic Ahadeeth compiled by Imam Muslim.
Sahu ‫سهو‬
Literally means forgetting. If one adds to or subtracts from what is
required during the Salat (Prayer), out of forgetfulness or lack of
attention, then one must perform two extra prostrations at the end of
the Salat. This is called Sajda Sahu.
Saint- ‫ولى قديس‬
Sake ‫قصد‬- ‫سبيل‬ - ‫غاية‬
Sakina Calm ‫السكينه‬
Calm, peaceful tranquillity, perfect calmness, serenity, due to the
Presence of Allah being made clear and apparent. See Holy Qur'an, At-
Taubah (9):26, 40, Al-Fath (48):4, 18, 26.
Salaf Forebears ‫السلف‬
Forebears, predecessors, ancestors.
Al Salaf al Saalih ‫السلف الصالح‬

151
the righteous forebears - refers to the early generations of Muslims
including the Sahaabah and the Taabi`oon.
Salafi ‫سلفي‬
Literally, "the early years". Salafi is used generally to describe the
early generations of the Muslims, particularly the companions of the
Messenger of Allah and those who followed them, may the blessings
and peace of Allah be on him and them. In the present age the term is
sometimes used to describe a Muslim who closely follows the Sunnah
of the Holy Prophet Muhammad and As-Salafiyeen as-Saliheen, the
righteous companions of Muhammad.
Salat ‫الصــــــــله‬
• Prayers. There are five daily obligatory prayers in
Islam,consisting of fixed sets of standings, bowings,
prostrations and sittings in worship to Allah. These are called
Rak 'at. The number of Rak'at in each prayer and their timings
are:
1. Fajr - dawn - two Rak'at.
2. Duhr - noon - four Rak'at.
3. 'Asr - afternoon - four Rak' at.
4. Maghreb - sunset - three Rak'at.
5. Isha - late evening - four Rak'at.
These five Salat are one of the Arkan of islam. See Arkan.It is
necessary to be in Ghusl and in Wudu when doing the Salat.
For voluntary Salat: See NafiIah.
• One of the eight gates of Jannah (Paradise). See Jannah.
Salatud_duha ‫صلة الضحى‬
A Nafl Salat that is prayed after sunrise and before noon.
Salatul Janaza Funeral prayer ‫صلة الجنازه‬
Funeral prayer. It is permitted to do Salatul Janaza only over the dead
bodies of Muslims. This prayer is done in the standing position only,
and usually immediately before the burial. It contains four Takbirs:
1. After the first Takbir - read Suratul Fatiha.
2. After the second Takbir - recite any Dua'a for the Prophet
Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace,but it is
preferred to do the Tashahhud (see Tashahhud)and the Salat
aI-Ibrahimiya: "AIlahumma salle 'ala Muhammad wa 'ala alec
Muhammad kama salaira Ibrahim wa 'ala alee Ibrahim; fill
'alameen innaka hameedun majeed. Allahumma barak 'ala
Muhammad wa 'ala alee Muhammad kama barak ta ibrahim wa
'ala alec Ibrahim; fill 'alameen innaka hamidun majeed." ("O
Allah, bless Muhammad and the family of Muhammad, as You
blessed Ibrahim and the family of Ibrahim. In all the worlds
surely You are Praiseworthy,Glorious. O Allah, give Muhammad
blessing and the family of Muhammad, as You gave Ibrahim

152
 blessing and the family of Ibrahim. In all the worlds surely You
are Praiseworthy , Glorious.")
3. After the third Takbir - pray for the deceased person, his or her
relatives and the Muslim people in general.
4. After the fourth Takbir - this marks the end of the Salat.Face
your right shoulder and say "Assalamu 'alaikum wa
rahmarullah" ( "Peace be on you and the Mercy of Allah").
Salatul Shuruq ‫صلة الشروق‬
A Nafl Salat of two or four Rak'at that is prayed a short while after
sunrise.
Salatul Tasbih ‫صلة التسابيح‬
A special Nafl Salat of four Rak'at. This Salat involves praising Allah
Ta'ala by including "Subhanallah, wal hamdulilah, wa la il laha illallah,
wallahu akbar" ("Glory to Allah, and Praise to Allah, and there is no
god except Allah and Allah is Greatest") seventy-five times in each
Rak'a.
salat ul-Jum'ah : ‫صلة الجمعه‬
Although most Muslims pray on their own wherever they happen to be
at the time, there is an opportunity on Fridays to come together as a
community to pray together. Traditionally, the midday prayer on
Friday is said at the mosque, where the imam or a guest will read
passages from the Qur'an and may give a lesson – much as
Muhammad may have done thousands of years ago. The congregation
is arranged in lines (women and men have separate areas for prayer),
and the synchronisation of movement and chanting by hundreds of
Muslims is a powerful sight. Although attendance is obligatory for men
(although not for women), a man who is sick is excused.
Saleh, peace be upon him ‫صالح عليه السلم‬
A prophet of Islam. He was sent to the people of Thamud who lived in
the north-western part of the Arabian Peninsula. They were destroyed
for rejecting him. The remains of their stone dwellings still exist today.
See Holy Qur'an, AI-'Araf(7):73-79, At-Tawbah (11):61 -68, Ash-Shu'ara
(26):141 -159,An-Naml (27):45-53.
Salih ‫صالح‬
Righteous and goodly person, someone who is in the right place at the
right time. It may also mean healthy and sound in body and soul.
Salsabil A fountain in Jannah ‫سلسبيل‬
A fountain in Jannah. Literally means "seek the way". See Holy Qur'an,
Al-insan (76)18.
Salutation ‫سلم‬ - ‫تحية‬
Salavation - ‫نجاة خلص‬
Samad (As) ‫الصمد‬

153
Does not have an exact meaning in English. The closest word or words
that indicate the meaning are:
1. "Absolute" and "Eternal" and "Everlasting".
2. The One to Whom all created beings turn to for all their needs,
and Who is not dependent on anything or anyone for any need.
3. The Most Perfect in His Attributes.One of the ninety-nine
Attributes of Allah Ta'ala. For a complete list.
‫ تقديس‬-
Sanctification ‫تطهير‬
Sanctimonious ‫زنديق‬ - ‫منافق‬
Sanctity ‫ بر‬- ‫ قداسة‬- ‫طهارة‬
Sanctuary ‫معبد‬
Sapience ‫دراية‬ - ‫فطنة‬
Sapient ‫حكيم‬
Saqifah A shelter with a roof ‫السقيفه‬
A shelter with a roof. The companions of the Prophet met in a Saqifah
in Madinah to pledge their loyalty to Abu Bakr after the death of the
Prophet.
Samad (as) ‫الصمد‬
One of the ninety-nine Attributes of Allah. It means Absolute, Eternal,
and Everlasting. It refers to the One to Whom all created beings turn
to for all their needs, and Who is not dependent on anything or anyone
for any need. The Most Perfect in His Attributes.
Sariya A small army ‫سريه‬
A small army sent by the prophet Muhammad, may Allah bless him
and grant him peace, for a Jihad in which he did not personally take
part.
Satan ‫الشيطان‬
Savage - ‫بربرى همجى‬
Savagery ‫ همجية‬- ‫بربرية‬
Saviour ‫ مخلص‬- ‫منقذ‬
Sawm Fasting ‫الصـــــوم‬
Fasting (sawm in Arabic) is one of the Five Pillars of Islam. All healthy
and sane Moslems are expected to fast (to abstain from food, drink,
smoking and other bodily pleasures) during the daylight hours
throughout the entire month of Ramadan. This means that they rise
before dawn to eat breakfast and then eat a large meal after dusk.
While they fast during the day, Moslems are expected to reflect on
themselves and their standing before Allah, and ask for forgiveness for

154
their sins. The evening meal, by contrast, is often a time of enjoyment
and the gathering of friends and relatives.

Sceptic ‫مرتاب‬ - ‫ملحد‬

Scepter ‫صولجان‬
Schism‫ انشقاق‬- ‫شقاق‬
Scowl - ‫عبس‬ ‫تجهم‬
Screech ‫صيحة‬
Scribes of the revelation ‫كتاب‬
‫الوحي‬
Scribes of the revelation : Scribes of the revelation were those who
shouldered the task of writing down the revelation.
Scruple ‫ شك‬- ‫ريبة‬
Sculptor ‫صانع التماثيل‬
Secular ‫علمانى‬
Seclusion ‫فصل‬ - ‫عزل‬
The Seat of Allah Al-kursi ‫الكرسي‬
The Seat of Allah, al-Hayyu al-Qayoum. The size of His Seat extends
over all the heavens and earth. Even though it is such a huge creation,
it is still much smaller than the 'Arsh (the Throne) of Allah Ta'ala.
Surah 2:255 is called Ayatul Kursi. See Surah al-Baqara (2):255. See
also 'Arsh.
Seconder ‫معين‬ - ‫ظهير‬
Sect ‫طائفة‬ - ‫مذهب‬
Sedan ‫هودج‬
Sedateness ‫هدوء‬ ‫سكينة‬
Sedition ‫عصيان‬
Seditious ‫متمرد‬
Seductive ‫مضلل‬ - ‫مخادع‬
Self ‫ذات‬
Self-denial ‫انكار الذات‬
The Seljuk State ‫دولة السلجقة‬

155
The Seljuk State : These were the descendants of Turkman whose
grandfather was Seljuk. They had so many offsprings who ruled Iran,
Asia Minor, Iraq and Syria from the 11th to the 13th centuries A.D.
They put an end to the Buyids and were finally brought to an end by
.Genghis Khan and his successors
Seniority ‫ أقدمية‬- ‫أسبقية‬
Sensual ‫شهوانى‬
Sensuality ‫شهوانية‬
Serenity - ‫هدوء رزانة‬
Serdom ‫عبودية‬
Settler ‫مستوطن‬
Shafaa'a Intercession ‫الشفاعه‬
Intercession. On the Day of Judgement Allah Ta'ala, through His Grace
and Mercy, will permit the Prophet Muhammad may Allah bless him
and grant him peace, to intercede on behalf of the Muslim Ummah.
Three other groups may also be given leave to intercede:
1. The Anbiyaa - the prophets.
2. The Ulamaa - the people of knowledge from amongst the
Muslims.
3. The Shuhadaa - the martyrs who died in the cause of Allah
Ta'ala.
Shahada witness ‫شهـــــاده‬
• To witness, in this world. See Shahadatain.
• To bear witness, on the Day of Judgement. There will be four
witnesses on Yaum al-Hisab (the Day of Reckoning):
1. The Prophet Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant
him peace, and the Muslim Ummah against all the other
Ummahs (communities and nations).
2. The earth and the day and the night will be given the
power to speak and bear witness.
3. Everyone's limbs will bear witness for or against
theirowners.
4. One's deeds.
Singular of Shahadatain.
Shahawat Desires ‫شهـــوات‬
Desires and passions.
Shahid ‫شهـــــــيد‬
It means a witness or martyr.
Shaikh ‫الشيخ‬
[Other Commonly Used Spellings: SHEIKH]

156
The word Shaikh is a title or a nickname for an elderly person or a
religious leader in a community. This title is also given to a wise
person. The meaning of the word Shaikh has been distorted, misused,
and abused by some mass media to reflect the wrong meanings.
Shirk ‫الشرك‬
Opposite of Tawheed. To associate anyone or anything with Allah
Subhana wa Ta'ala. Shirk is idol-worship. Idol-worship means
attributing form to Allah, encasing Him in an object, a concept, a ritual
or a myth - when Allah has no form, is not like anything and cannot be
conceived of or perceived. Allah the Most Merciful is prepared to
forgive any sin a man or Jinn may commit, except for dying in a state
of Shirk. There are three types of Shirk:
1. Shirk al-Akbar (major Shirk). This is divided into four categories:
o Shirk ad-Du'a : invoking or supplicating to a false deity
besides Allah Ta'ala, i.e. invocation or supplication by
either invoking other than Allah or invoking Him through
a created being or thing, such as a prophet, an angel, a
saint, or even a bank manager.
o Shirk al-Niyyah wa Iraada wal Qasd : having the
intention and determination to deliberately do any type
of act of worship to a deity other than Allah Ta'ala.
o Shirk at-Ta'a: obeying any created being against the
command of Allah Ta'ala. Beware of such Shirk! It is
very easy to commit.
o Shirk al-Muhabbah: loving a created being or an object
more than Allah Ta'ala.
2. Shirk aI-Asghar (minor Shirk):
o Shirk ar-Rea':carrying out a religious act for worldly
gains and not for the pleasure of Allah, e.g. giving Zakat
for the sake of fame or praise.
o Shirk at-Tasmee': swearing by other than Allah, and
accordingly relying on other than Allah, or attaching
more importance to other than Allah.
3. Shirk aI-Khafy (hidden Shirk):heing dissatisfied with what Allah
has ordained for a panicular person. Hidden Shirk is to inwardly
worship anything or anyone other than Allah, or to inwardly
associate something or someone as a partner with Him,
especially one's self.
Shaitan Satan ‫شيطــــــان‬
Satan. An evil Jinn who prompts mankind and Jinn to rebel against
Allah. We seek refuge in Allah from the evil that He has created .
Plural: Shayateen. See Iblis. See Holy Qur'an, An-Nisaa (4):117-120.
Shari'a ‫الشريعـــــــه‬
Islamic law as ordained by Allah Ta'ala. Literally it means 'a road'. The
Shari'a is the legal and social modality of a people based on the
revelation of their prophet. The last Shari'a in history is that of Islam. It

157
abrogates all previous Shari'as. It is being the last, therefore the
easiest to follow, for it is applicable to the whole human race wherever
they are.
Shu'aib, peace be upon him ‫شعيب عليه‬
‫السلم‬
A prophet of Islam. He was sent to the people of Madyan (Midian), but
they rejected him, so Allah Ta'ala destroyed them with an earthquake.
See Mursaleen. See Holy Qur'an,Al-A'raf(7):85-93, Houd (11):84-95.
Shuhadaa ‫الـشهــداء‬
Persons who die Fee Sabeeli'IIah (in the path of Allah). Allah has
designated eight things for the Shuhadaa alone:
1. They are the first to be forgiven.
2. They are the first to see their place in Jannah (Paradise)
3. They are exempted from 'Adhabul-Qabr (trials and tribulations
in the grave).
4. They will be exempted from fear on the Day of Resurrection.
5. They will be crowned with the "Taj al-Waqar" (literally means
"the crown of respect") on that Day.
6. They will each be married to seventy-two "Houri'een"(see
Hooriah).
7. They will each be given permission to intercede on behalf of
seventy-two of their relatives.
8. The sweetness of Iman will physically glow from within them.
Shelter‫مأوى‬
Shivering ‫رجفة‬
Shura (Ash) The Consultation ‫الشورى‬
"The Consultation". Surah 42 of the Holy Qur'an.
Sidrat al_Muntaha ‫سدرة المنتهي‬
"The lote-tree of the furthest limit." A tree over the Seventh Heaven
near Paradise, the place where form ends and beyond which no
created being may pass. See Holy Qur'an, An-Najm (53):14-18.
Sincerity ‫إخلص‬
Sinful ‫اثيم‬
Sinless ‫بار‬
Sins ‫ذنوب‬
Siraat (As) ‫الصـــــراط‬
Literally means "road". It is the bridge over the Nar (Hellfire) which
must be crossed to enter the Garden on the Day of Judgement. It is
described in Ahadeeth as being narrower than the blade of a sword,
thinner than a hair and as having hooks over it to snatch wrongdoers

158
and throw them into Jahanam.Some will cross the Siraat into the
Garden like lightning or like the wind, some with ease, some with
difficulty, some with great difficulty and some will fall into the waiting
Fire below. See Holy Qur' an, Mariam (19):71.
Sirah (As) ‫السيره‬
[Other Commonly Used Spellings: SEERAH] The writings of the
companions of the Prophet (s.a.w.) about him, his personality, his life
story. and his ways of handling different situations is called Sirah. The
famous collections of the Sirah are At-Tabari, Ibn Ishaq, and Ibn
Hisham. The Sirah is a source of reference that Muslims rely on in their
daily life situations and problems.
Siwak ‫سواك‬
A piece of branch or root of a tree called al-Arak used as a toothbrush.
slander Buhtan ‫بهتان‬
A false accusation, calumny, slander.
Slaughter ‫ ذبح‬- ‫نحر‬
Slave ‫ عبد‬- ‫رق‬
Slaver ‫نخاس‬
Slavery ‫ عبودية‬- ‫رق‬
Slave-trade ‫تجارة الرقيق‬
Slyness ‫ دهاء‬- ‫مكر‬
Sociability ‫حسن المعاشرة‬
Social - ‫اجتماعى‬ ‫عمرانى‬
Society ‫مجتمع‬
Sodomite ‫لوطى‬
Soldier ‫جندى‬
Solemn ‫مهيب‬ ‫وقور‬
Solemnity - ‫خشوع مهابة‬
Solidarity ‫التضامن‬
Soliloquy ‫ النجوى‬- ‫مناجاة النفس‬
Slogan ‫شعار‬
Solomon ‫سليمان عليه السلم‬
Solven ‫مقتدر‬
Sonship ‫بنوة‬

159
Soothsayer ‫منجم‬ ‫ عراف‬-
Sorcerer - ‫عراف ساحر‬
Sorceress - ‫عرافة ساحرة‬
Sorcery ‫سحر‬
Sordid ‫بخيل‬
Sorrow - ‫حزن‬ ‫الم‬
Sorcery ‫السحر السود‬
Sot ‫سكير‬
Souls ‫ارواح‬
Sovereignty ‫سيادة‬
The specific reason Asbab An-Nazul
‫أسباب النزول‬
The specific reason and circumstances for the revelation of various
verses of the Holy Qur'an. For example: Surat at- Taubah, Ayat 79-80
(the story of Abu 'Aqeel). In 9AH the Prophet Muhammad, may Allah
bless him and grant him peace, asked for contributions to finance his
Tabuk expedition. Being very poor, but still yearning to contribute,
Abu 'Aqeel decided to offer his services, which lasted from dusk till
dawn. He received only two handfuls of barley in payment. He took
the entire payment and presented it to Muhammad, may Allah bless
him and grant him peace. A group of Munafiqeen (hypocrites) saw this
and started to deride Abu 'Aqeel by saying, "Look at Abu 'Aqeel, does
he think that Allah is in need of such a pathetic donation?" Allah Ta'ala
became so angry with them that He immediately sent down the Holy
Spirit Jibreel (The Angel Gabriel), peace be on him, to reveal Surah 9:
79-80 to Prophet Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him
peace.
Spell ‫رقية‬
Spendthrift Bukhl ‫بخل‬
Spendthrift. Allah Ta'ala has forbidden mankind to be either misers or
over-generous to a fault. See Holy Qur'an, Suwar : Al-Isra (17):26-29,
Al-Furqan (25):67.
(The) spider 'Ankaboot (Al) ‫العنكـبــوت‬
"The spider" The spider who made its web over the Ghar Thaur (Cave
of Thaur) where the Prophet Muhammad, may Allah bless him and
grant him peace, and Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him, hid
from the Quraish on his way to Madinah. Surah 29 of the Holy Qur' an.
Spiritualism ‫روحانية‬

160
Spleen ‫الحقد‬
Splendid - ‫بهى‬ ‫فاخر‬
Splendour ‫ بهاء‬- ‫رونق‬
The Spoils of War Anfaal (Al)
‫النفـــال‬
"The Spoils of War". Surah 8 of the Holy Qur'an.
Spoliation ‫ نهب‬- ‫سلب‬ - ‫اغتصاب‬
Spontaneously ً ‫ طوعا ً اختيارا‬-
Squad ‫فرقة‬ - ‫شرذمة‬
Stateliness ‫ ابهة‬- ‫فخامة‬
Statuary ‫صانع التماثيل‬
Status ‫مكانة‬
Statute - ‫سنة‬ ‫قانون‬
Steadfast ‫ثابت‬- ‫راسخ‬
Steady ‫ثابت‬- ‫مثابر‬
Stickler ‫مكابر‬ - ‫معاند‬
Stinginess ‫ بخل‬- ‫شح‬
Stingy - ‫بخيل‬ ‫شحيح‬
Stoop ‫انحناء‬
Straightness ‫اعتدال‬ - ‫استقامة‬
Strait ‫مضيق‬ - ‫بوغاز‬
Strayed ‫ضل‬
Stress - ‫اهمية‬ ‫خطورة‬
Stricken ‫منكوب‬
Stubborn ‫عنيد‬
Suavity ‫ رقة‬- ‫ دماثة‬- ‫طلوة‬
Subdue ‫يخضع‬
Subhan Allah Glory be to Allah ‫سبحان الله‬
Glory be to Allah. Far removed is He from anything imperfect
associated with Him and far removed is He from anything unsuitable
ascribed to Him!
Subhanahu wa Ta'ala ‫سبحانه وتعالي‬

161
"May He be Glorified and Exalted." One of the many ways of glorifying
Allah the Almighty. It means "Glory be to Allah on High. Far removed is
He from any imperfection". The shortened form of this glorification is
"Allah Ta'ala".
Subjection ‫اخضاع‬ - - ‫اذعان خضوع‬
Subjectivity ‫ذاتية‬
Subjugate ‫ قهر‬- ‫استعبد‬
Sublimity - ‫سمو‬ ‫رفعة‬ - ‫جلل‬
Suborder ‫قبيلة‬ - ‫طائفة‬
Subordinates ‫التابعون‬
Subsequence ‫تبعية‬
Success ‫نجاح‬- ‫فلح‬
Successor ‫خليفة‬
Sufferance ‫معاناة‬
Sulaiman, peace be uon him ‫سليمان عليه‬
‫السلم‬
Solomon. A prophet of Islam and a wise king. He was the son of the
Prophet (and King) Dawood (David), peace be on both of them. He
ruled the north-western Arabian Peninsula for about forty years. Allah
Ta'ala gifted him with many powers,which included having power over
the winds, being able to converse with the birds and ants and other
animals, and having power over the evil Jinn. See Holy Qur'an, Al-
Anbiya (21): 79-82, An-Naml (27):15-44, Saba (34):12-14, Saad
(38):30-40.See Mursaleen.
Sunnah traditions‫السنه‬
All the traditions and practices of Muhammad, may Allah bless him
and grant him peace, that are recorded not only in such books as
Sahih Bukhari and Sahih Muslim, but also in living people to whom
these traditions and practices have been transmitted, from person to
person, from then until now.Although the Sunnah has come to refer
almost exclusively to the practice of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah
bless him and grant him peace, it also comprises the customs of the
first generation of Muslims in Madina. They learned their Islam directly
from the Prophet, not from books, and transmitted what they had
learned to the next generation. Thus they have become models whom
all Muslims should follow. The Sunnah is a complete behaviourial
science that has been systematically kept outside the learning
framework of this society. It cannot be learned from books, although
books can be helpful. It can only be learned from real Muslims who are
true teachers. Plural: Sunnan.

162
Surah ‫ســـــــورة‬
A chapter of the Holy Qur'an. Literally means "a form". There are 114
Suwar in the Holy Qur'an. Plural: Suwar.
Superstition ‫خرافة‬
Supplication ‫تضرع‬ - ‫توسل‬
Supplication: Invoking Allah for whatever one desires.
Support ‫معونة‬
Surrender - ‫استسلم تسليم‬
Sustenance ‫الرزق‬

Suzerainty ‫سيادة‬
Sway - ‫نفوذ سلطة‬
Swear ‫اقسم‬ - ‫حلف‬
Swearing ‫يمين‬ - ‫قسم‬
Sword ‫سيف‬ - ‫حسام‬
Sowrdman ‫سياف‬
Sylph ‫حورية‬
Symmetry ‫تناسق‬
Synagogue ‫مجمع اليهود‬

163
 T
Taaghout (pl. Tawaagheet) ‫الطاغوت‬
The Sharee'ah definition of Taaghout is: “Anyone (or anything) that is
worshipped, obeyed or followed other than Allah”. In other words,
Taaghout is a false deity (god).
If someone worships a person, and that person accepts to be
worshipped then he is Taaghout. Likewise, if a person makes
legislation he too is Taaghout, as only Allah has the right to legislate.
Taaghout can be a ruler (who does not rule by Islam), police (who do
not enforce Islam), a stone, constitution, animal, scholar (who does
not judge by the Sharee'ah), celebrity etc.
Whoever follows or worships the Taaghout, he will become one
himself.
‫تحريم‬
Taboo - ‫محرم‬
Tabuk ‫تبوك‬
A famous town 400 miles north of Madinah al-Munawarah close to
Shaam. In 9AH the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant
him peace, hearing that the Byzantines were gathering a large army
to march against the Muslims, led a large expedition to Tabuk, on
what was to be his last campaign, only to find that the Byzantine army
had withdrawn back into its own territory.

Tadabour Meditation and consideration

‫التدبر‬
Taghabunn (At) Mutual Loss ‫التغابن‬
"Mutual Loss". Another name for the Final Houn Surah 64 of the Holy
Qur'an.
Tâghût ‫طاغوت‬
: The word Tâghût covers a wide range meanings: It means anything
worshipped other than the Real God (Allah), i.e. all the false deities. It
may be Satan, devils, idols, stones, sun, stars, angels, human beings
e.g. Jesus, Messengers of Allah, who were falsely worshipped and
taken as Tâghûts. Likewise saints, graves, rulers, leaders, etc., are
falsely worshipped, and wrongly followed.

Tahqiq ‫تحقيق‬
Recitation of the Holy Qur'an in a very slow manner. This method is
used only when one is learning or teaching Taj weed.
Taif ‫الطائف‬
A city fifty miles east of Makkah, where the Prophet Muhammad, may
Allah bless him and grant him peace, went to preach after being

164
rejected, beaten and nearly killed by the pagan Quraish of Makkah in
the second year before Hijra. There too he suffered beatings and
humiliation. On his return journey to Makkah, Allah Ta'ala revealed to
him that although the people of Taif had rejected him, the Jinn had
accepted him. It was then that Surarul Jinn (Surah 72) was revealed to
him.
Tajweed ‫تجويد‬
Recitation of the Holy Qur'an with precise articulation and exact
intonation.
Takathur (Al): ‫التكاثر‬
"The Race for Worldly Gains". Surah 102 of the Holy Qur' an.
Takweer (At) The Overthrowing ‫التكوير‬
"The Overthrowing". Surah 81 of the Holy Qur'an.
Talbiya ‫تلبيه‬
The call that the pilgrims make to their Lord on the Hajj, saying:
"Labbaik, labbaik, Allahumma labbaik." ("I am totally at Your service, I
am totally at Your service, O Allah I am totally at Your service.")
"La shareeka laka labbaik." ("You have no partner, I am totally at Your
service.")
"Innal hamda wa n'imata laka wal mulk." ("Truly, the praise and the
blessing are Yours, and the dominion.")
"La shareeka lak." ("You have no partners.")
Tale ‫اسطورة‬
Talisman ‫طلسم‬
Talut ‫طـــــالوت‬
King Saul. He led his army against the army of Jalut (Goliath). See Holy
Qur'an, Al-Baqara (2):247-249.
Tamper ‫تحرش‬ ‫عبث‬
Taqwa Fear of Allah ‫التقــــــوى‬
Fear of Allah, being careful, knowing your place in the cosmos. Its
proof is the experience of awe, of Allah, which inspires a person to be
on guard against wrong action and eager for actions pleasing to Allah.
Fearing Allah as He should be feared is one of the major signs of being
a faithful Muslim. Piety and restraint (through Taqwa) in times of
hardship are signs of having achieved the essence and spirit of Islam,
and thus Allah's blessing. See Holy Qur'an, Aali 'Imran (3):102-103,AS-
Hashr (59):18-19.
Tariq (Al) The Night Visitant ‫الطــــارق‬
"The Night Visitant". Surah 86 of the Holy Qur'an.
Tarteel ‫ترتيل‬

165
Measured recitation of the Holy Qur'an taking extreme care with
regard to the rules of slow reading, pausing and stopping at every
indicated point.
Tashahhud ‫التشهــد‬
Reciting the following silently while one is in Qu'ud (i.e. the sitting
position) during Salat: "Attahiyatu lillahe wa salawatu tayibat.
Assalamu 'alaika ya aiuhan nabiu wa rahmatullahe wa barakatuhu. Wa
assalamu 'alaina wa 'ala 'ibadillahe saleheen. Ashadu an Ia illaha illal
lah. Wa ashadu anna Muhammadar rasoolu' llah." ("Greetings are for
Allah and all prayers and all good. Peace be on you 0 Prophet and the
Mercy of Allah and His blessing. Peace be on us and on the right-acting
slaves of Allah. I bear witness that there is no god except Allah, and I
bear witness that Muhammad is the Messenger of , recitation of the
Tashahhud is followed by recitation of Salat al-Ibrahimiya. See Salatul-
Janaza.
Tasneem ‫تسنيم‬
Name of a fountain in Jannah (Paradise) whose drink is superior to the
purest of wines. Its nectar will only be drunk by those near est to Allah
Ta'ala. Literally means "rich and elevated". See Holy Qur' an, Al-
Mutafifeen (83):27-28.
Taubah ‫التوبــــه‬
Returning to correct action after error, turning away from
wrong action to Allah and asking His Forgiveness,
turning to face Allah whereas before one turned one's
back.
Name of one of the eight gates of Jannah (Paradise). See
Jannah.
"Repentance". Another name for Al-Baraah. Surah 9 of the
Holy Qur' an.
Tauhîd ‫التوحيد‬
: It has three aspects; A, B and C:
(A) Oneness of the Lordship of Allah; Tauhîd-ar-Rububiyya: To
believe that there is only one Lord for all the universe, its
Creator, Organizer, Planner, Sustainer, and the Giver of
Security, etc., and that is Allah.
(B) Oneness of the worship of Allah; Tauhîd-al-Uluhiyya: To believe
that none has the right to be worshipped [e.g. praying,
invoking, asking for help (from the unseen), swearing,
slaughtering sacrifices, giving charity, fasting, pilgrimage, etc.],
but Allah.
(C) Oneness of the Names and the Qualities of Allah;
Tauhîd-al-Asmâ was-Sifat: ‫توحيد السماء‬
‫والصفات‬

166
 To believe that : (i) we must not name or qualify Allah except with
what He or His Messenger saw has named or qualified Him; (ii) none
can be named or qualified with the Names or Qualifications of Allah;
e.g. Al-Karim; (iii) we must confirm Allah's all qualifications which Allah
has stated in His Book (the Qur'ân) or mentioned through His
Messenger (Muhammad saw) without changing them or ignoring them
completely or twisting the meanings or giving resemblance to any of
the created things; e.g. Allah is present over His Throne as mentioned
in the Qur'ân. (V. 20 : 5): "The Most Beneficent (i.e. Allah) Istawa (rose
over) the (Mighty) Throne" over the seventh heaven; and He only
comes down over the first (nearest) heaven (to us) during the day of
'Arafât (Hajj, i.e. 9th Dhul-Hijja) and also during the last third part of
the night, as mentioned by the Prophet saw , but He is with us by His
Knowledge only, not by His Personal Self (Bi-Dhatihi), "There is nothing
like unto Him, and He is the All-Hearer, the All-Seer." (The Qur'ân, V.
42:11).
This holy Verse confirms the quality of hearing and the quality of sight
for Allah without resemblance to others; and likewise He also said:
"To one whom I have created with Both My Hands," (V. 38:75); and He
also said:
"The Hand of Allah is over their hands.": (V. 48:10, The Qur'ân). This
confirms two Hands for Allah, but there is no similarity for them.
This is the Faith of all true believers, and was the Faith of all the
Prophets of Allah from Noah, Abraham, Moses and Christ till the last of
the Prophets, Muhammad saw . It is not like as some people think that
Allah is present every-where, here, there and even inside the breasts
of men.
These three aspects of Tauhîd are included in the meanings of Lâ ilâha
ill Allâh (none has the right to be worshipped but Allah).
It is also essential to follow Allah's Messenger Muhammad saw : Wajûb
Al-Itteba' and it is a part of Tauhîd-al-Uluhiyya. This is included in the
meaning: "I testify that Muhammad saw is the Messenger of Allah" and
this means, "None has the right to be followed after Allah's Book (the
Qur'ân), but Allah's Messenger saw ". [See the Qur'ân (V. 59:7) and (V.
3:31)].
Tawaf ‫طــــواف‬
The circling of the Holy Ka'aba. Tawaf is done in sets of seven circuits,
after each of which it is necessary to pray two Rak'at,preferably at or
near the Maqaam al-Ibrahim. See Tawaf al-Ifada.
Tawheed (Al) Monotheism The Divine
Unity ‫التوحيد‬
The Divine Unity, Unity in its most profound sense. Allah is One in His
Essence and His Attributes and His Acts. The whole universe and what
it contains is One unified event which in itself has no lasting reality.

167
Allah is the Real, AI-Haqq. Although Allah is indivisible and beyond
conception, Tawheed can be viewed from four distinct perspectives:
1. Tawheed aI-Rububiyah : Unity of Lordship. To perceive that
there is only one Lord, the Master and Creator of the Universe,
Who oversees and orders it in every moment, and that He is
Allah Subhana wa Ta'ala.
2. Tawheed aI-Uluhiyah : Unity of Worship. To realise that none
has the right to be worshipped but Allah "Wahdahu Ia
shareeka'lah" ("Alone without partner").
3. Tawheed al-Asma wa Sifaat : Unity of Names and Attributes of
Allah Ta'ala. To comprehend that:
o None can qualify or name Allah except as He or
Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace,
have named or qualified Him.
o None can be named or qualified with the Names or the
Attributes that belong only to Allah Subhana wa Ta'ala.
For example, none maybe called "AI-Muhyee" ("the
Giver of Life") except Allah Subhana wa Ta'ala Himself.
o We must accept all the Ayat and Ahadeeth
(Sahih)regarding the Attributes of Allah without altering
their meaning in any way whatsoever. For a full list of
the Attributes of Allah Ta'ala.
4. Tawheed al-Itabaa : Unity in following the Prophet Muhammad,
may Allah bless him and grant him peace. To believe in and
recite the words "Ashadu anna Muhammadar-Rasoolullah" ("I
bear witness that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah") and
to follow the way of the Holy Prophet Muhammad, as much as
one is able, in life and worship. It is only by following the way of
Islam that the true nature of Tawhid becomes apparent.
Another name for Suratul Ikhlas.
Tawrat: ‫التـــوراة‬
The revelation received by Moses, the Law of Moses often used to
designate all the books of the Old Testament.
Tax ‫ضريبة‬
Taxation ‫الخراج‬ ‫الضرائب‬
Tayammum ‫التيمم‬
Tayammum literally means 'to intend to do a thing'. As an Islamic
legal term, it refers to wiping one's hands and face with clean earth as
a substitution for ablution when water cannot be obtained
Temerity - ‫تهور مجازفة‬
Temper ‫مزاج‬ - ‫طبع‬
Temperance ‫ اعتدال‬- ‫عفة‬

168
Temperate ‫ معتدل‬- ‫عفيف‬
Temple ‫هيكل‬ - ‫معبد‬
Temptation ‫اغراء‬

Tendency ‫ميل‬
Tenet ‫عقيدة‬ - -‫مذهب اعتقاد‬
Tension ‫توتر‬
Territory ‫ مقاطعة‬- ‫قطر‬
Terror - ‫فزع‬ ‫رعب‬
Term ‫الجل‬

Testament ‫وصية‬ - ‫ عهد‬- ‫ميثاق‬

Testify ‫يشهد‬

Testimonial ‫شهادة‬

Testimony ‫شاهد‬ - ‫شهادة‬

Thamud ‫ثـمـود‬
Successors to the people of 'Ad. They lived in north-western Arabia
between what is now known as Madinah and Syria. Their prophet was
Saleh (peace be on him). Allah Ta'ala destroyed them with an
earthquake. See Holy Qur' an, Al-A'raf (7):73-79, Hud (11):61-68,
Ash'Shu'araa (26):141-159, An-Naml (27):45-53, Az-Zariyat (51):43-
45,Al-Qamar(54):23-31.
Theism ‫التأليه‬
Theologians ‫علماء الكلم‬
Theology ‫علم الكلم‬
Theosophy ‫تصوف‬
Thicket ‫ايكة‬
Thrall - ‫رق عبودية‬

Thralldom ‫ عبودية‬- ‫استعباد‬

Threat ‫تهديد‬ - ‫وعيد‬

169
The Throne of Allah'Arsh ‫العرش‬
The Throne of Allah. The 'Arsh is the immense starless heaven that
encompasses the visible Universe, which is referred to as the Kursi.
Sayyidina 'Ali, may Allah he pleased with him, said that the
relationship of the Kursi to the 'Arsh is like that of a small ring lying in
the middle of a vast desert. This is why 'Arsh is correctly translated as
'Throne' and Kursi as 'Seat or 'Foot-stool', although sometimes those
who are unaware of the existence and nature of the Arsh translate
Kursi as 'Throne'.
Thunder ‫رعد‬
Thunderbolt ‫صاعقة‬
Tidiness ‫اتقان‬
Tilawat ‫تـــــــلوات‬
This word has a variety of meanings, depending on the context:
Studying the Qur'an in order to understand it in the way it
should be understood. See Al-Baqara (2):121.
Meditating and reflecting on the Qur'an's meanings in order
to enrich one's life and knowledge.
Reading and reciting the Qur'an by oneself.
Reading and reciting and conveying its meanings to others.
Approaching and acting on the Qur'an in such a way that it
becomes part of one's inner self, thus helping one to
attain perfect prayer and to avoid any form of evil or
shameful deeds and to be an upright person in the sight
of Allah Ta'ala. See Holy Qur'an,Al -'Ankaboot(29):45.
Tolerance ‫التسامح‬
Tomb ‫قبر‬
Toor The Mount ‫طـــور‬
"The Mount". Toori Sineen is the original name for Mount Sinai, on
which the Prophet Musa (Moses) received the revelation of the Torah
from Allah. Surah 52 of the Holy Qur' an.
Torture ‫عذاب‬ ‫تعذيب‬
Traditional ‫النقلى‬
Traditions ‫تراث‬ - ‫تقاليد‬
Tranquility ‫سكينة‬ - ‫هدوء‬
Treachrry ‫خيانة‬ - ‫غدر‬

170
Treasury ‫بيت المال‬
Treatment ‫ معاملة‬- ‫تصرف‬
Treaty ‫معاهدة‬

Asabiyyah tirbal loyalty ‫العصبية‬

It means tirbal loyalty, nationalism.
Tribe ‫قبيلة‬ - ‫عشيرة‬
Tribe of Israel Bani Israeel ‫بني اسرائيل‬
"Tribe of Israel". The descendants of the twelve sons of Yacoub, who
was also called Israeel, the son of Ishaq, who was, the son of the
Prophet Ibrahim, peace be on them all. Another name for Suratul al-
Isra. Surah 1 7of the Holy Qur' an.
Tribute ‫جزية‬ - ‫خراج‬
Trifles Abateel ‫أباطيل‬
Triumph ‫ نصر‬- ‫فوز‬
Troth ‫امانة‬ - ‫ميثاق‬
Truce Hudnh ‫هدنة‬

Truth ‫الرشد‬
The Truthful As-Siddiq ‫الصديق‬
"The Truthful". This title was given to Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased
with him, by the Holy Prophet Muhammad, may Allah bless him and
grant him peace. When the Prophet Muhammad, may Allah bless him
and grant him peace, related his experience of al-Isra (his night
journey to the Masjid al-Aqsa in Jerusalem) wal Mi'raj (and his
ascension through the seven heavens) to Abu Bakr , may Allah he
pleased with him, he immediately and without any reservation replied
"Sadaqt" : "You have spoken the truth". From that time on, Abu Bakr,
may Allah be pleased with him, came to be known as Abu Bakr as-
Siddiq.
The Truthfulness ‫صدق‬
Trustworthy Ameen ‫المين‬
The Honest : An attribute of the Prophet (peace be upon him)

Trusty ‫امين‬ - ‫صادق‬

171
‫‪Turban‬‬ ‫عمامة‬
‫طاغية ‪Tyrant‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫ظالم‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫مستبد‬

‫‪172‬‬
 U
Uhud ‫))جبل أحد‬
A mountain just outside Madina, much loved by the Prophet
Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, at the foot of
which the Muslims fought their second major battle against the pagan
Qur'aish of Makka in 3AH. The Qur'aish army of 3,000 men, under the
leadership of Abu Sufyan, attacked the Muslim army of about 700-
1,000 men. The battle went well at first, but the Muslims nearly lost
the battle for two reasons. Firstly, some fifty archers disobeyed the
Prophet Muhammad and left their posts, leaving the Muslims open to
an attack from their rear; and secondly, there was treachery on the
part of some 300 Munafiqeen (hypocrites) led by 'Abdallah ibn Ubai,
who deserted the Muslims during the battle. Many great companions,
and in panicular the uncle of the Prophet, Hamza, 'the lion of Allah',
were killed in this battle. See Bani Nadheer. See Holy Qur'an, Aali
'Imran (3):121-128, 140- 180.
Ulil 'Amr ‫أولى المر‬
Muslims who are in charge or in authonty, or who are leaders. The
Muslims are ordered to obey all their commands as long as they do
not contradict the commandments of Allah Ta'ala and the teachings of
the Holy Prophet Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him
peace. See Holy Qur' an, An-Nisaa (4):59.
Umar Ibn Al-Khattab, May Allah be pleased with
him
‫عمر بن الخطاب‬
Umar ibn al-Khattab. The second of the four "Al-Khulafaa ar-
Rashideen", the Rightly-Guided Khalifas, the other three being:
1. Abu Bakr as-Siddiq.
2. Uthman ibn 'Affan.
3. Ali ibn Abi Talib.
May Allah be pleased with all of them. Umar was renowned for his
justness and strength, and for his refusal to compromise the teachings
of Islam in any way. He was the Khalifaa from 13AH to 23 AH. He
asked Allah for martyrdom in the way of Allah in Madina, and his
request was answered. Umar died after be ing stabbed in the stomach
while doing the dawn prayer in the Mosque of the Prophet, may Allah
bless him and grant him peace.
Umm'me ‫المي‬
An unlettered person. This term is used in the Qur'an to describe the
Holy Prophet Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace,
who could neither read nor write and who never received any formal
education. To the unbeliever here is food for thought: how could an
illiterate man have brought such a completely perfect book (the Holy
Qur'an), perfect in its meaning, message, grammar and overall
content, if it were not with divine help? No other book exists on earth
that has such perfect content and structure. A challenge to all

173
unbelievers! Mankind and Jinn! Assemble together and try to produce
just one Surah (chapter) like it. You will never be able to do it, even if
you were to try until the Day of Resurrection you will not succeed! No
created being has ever been or ever will be able to meet this
challenge, for the Holy Qur'an is truly the Book of Allah. Plural:
Ummiyeen. See Khatam Anbiyaa.
The Umayyad Caliphs (40-132 A.H./661-750 A.D.)
‫الخلفة الموية‬
The Umayyad Caliphs (40-132 A.H./661-750 A.D.) : The Muslim
Umayyad Caliphs belong to the Banu Umayyah of the Quraish. The
first among them was Mu`awiah bin Abi Sufyan and the last was
Marwan II. Damascus was their capital. After being overcome by the
Abbasids, they moved to Andalusia and ruled in Cordoba from 138-422
A.H./756-1031 A.D. Their first ruler in Andalusia was `Abdul-Rahman
Al-Dakhil. Their rule was brought to an end at the hands of Muluk Al-
Tawa'if (Kings of Petty States).
Ummah Nation ‫أمــــه‬
Community or Nation. The body of the Muslims as one distinct and
integrated community. The Unimah of Muhammad, may Allah bless
him and grant him peace, refers to every Ins wal Jinn (mankind and
Jinn) born after the final message was revealed through the Holy
Prophet Muhammad who have embraced Islam. The Ummah
ofMuhammad, may the blessings and peace of Allah be on him and all
his community (those who have lived in the past, those who are alive
now and those who will live in the future), can be subdivided into two
groups:
1. Ummat ad-Da'wa - the nation that was called upon to believe in
Allah Ta'ala and the Last Day.
2. Ummat al-Isteajaba - the nation that responded to the call of
Muhammad. Another name for this Ummah is "Al- Ummah al-
Islamiah" ("the Islamic Nation"). Allah Subhana wa Ta'ala
commanded the Ummat al-Isteajaba to hold together and not
to disagree. Unfonunately , this decree has been ignored, and
in fulfilment of the Last Messenger's prophecy, may Allah bless
him and grant him peace, there are now 73 different groups of
Muslims, only one of whom possesses and protects the original
teachings of Islam as brought and embodied by him.
Ummiyeen Unlettered persons ‫أميين‬
Unlettered persons. Singular: Umm-me.
Umra ‫عمــــــره‬
• A pilgrimage to Makkah, but not during the Hajj period. It is
also called "the Lesser Pilgrimage". Umra consists of four steps:
1. Put on the Ihram at the appointed Miqat station. Then
proceed to Makka reciting the Talbiyah (aloud for men
and quietly for women). See Ihram, Miqat. Talbiyah.

174
 2. Do Tawaf of the Ka'aba seven times. During the Tawaf
one may do any Du'a (and in any language) to Allah
Ta'ala if one wishes. But remember to point the palm of
the right hand and say "Allahu Akbar" at the start of
each circuit. Each circuit starts and ends at the Hajar al-
Aswad (the Black Stone). See Tawaf, Du'a.
3. Go to Safa and start the Sa'i to Marwa. The Sa'i consists
of walking between Safa and Marwa seven times (each
direction is considered as one time). Men must jog
between two prescribed points.
4. Shave or trim the hair after the completion of the Sa'i. It
is then permissible to change out of lhram.
• Synonym for Ruqba. See Ruqba.
Undisputed ‫مسلم به‬
Unerring ‫معصوم‬
Unfair - ‫ظالم‬ ‫جائر‬
Unified ‫موحد‬

Unique ‫فريد‬

Universe ‫الكون‬ ‫العالم‬

Uulawful ‫ غير شرعى‬- ‫حرام‬
Unqualified ‫عديم الهلية‬
Unread ‫امى‬
Unreserved ‫صريح‬ - ‫مخلص‬
Unrest ‫ اضطراب‬- ‫قلق‬
The Unseen. ‫الغيب‬
1. 'Ilmul Ghaib : Knowledge of the Unseen. No human has 'Ilmul
Ghaib. Only Allah Ta' ala has total command of that knowledge.
2. BiI Ghaib : In the unseen. All Muslims believe in the Unseen, i.e.
all that is revealed to us by Allah Ta'ala in the Holy Qur'an and
by the Holy Prophet Muhammad, may Allah bless him and
grant him peace, about the Malaika (angels) and the life in the
Akhira (Hereafter) in all its aspects, even though they are
invisible to our eyes. See Holy Qur'an, Al-Baqara (2):3.
Uprising ‫انتفاضة‬
Urbanization ‫تحضر‬

175
Usage ‫ عادة استعمال‬- - ‫تقليد‬ -
‫عرف‬
Usurer ‫مرابى‬

Usury ‫الربا‬
Uthman Ibn 'Affan, may Allah be pleased with
him
‫عنه عثمان بن عفان رضي الله‬
One of the greatest companions of the Prophet Muhammad, may Allah
bless him and grant him peace. He was the third of the four Rightly-
Guided Khalifaas (Al-Khulafaa ar- Rashideen). He ruled from 24AH to
36AH. He was martyred at his home by the supporters of Abdallah ibn
Sabaa, the infamous Jew who pretended he had become a Muslim in
order to cause discord between Uthman and the Muslim Ummah by
creating a new and false sect within Islam. See Khalifaa.
V
Vain ‫باطل‬ - ‫عبث‬
Vanities Abateel ‫أباطيل‬
Vainglory ‫غرور‬ ‫غطرسة‬
Valiant ‫شجاع‬ - ‫صنديد‬
Valid ‫شرعى‬ - ‫قانونى‬
Validity ‫شرعية‬ - ‫ قانونية‬- ‫صدق‬
Valorous ‫باسل‬ ‫جرىء‬ - ‫جسور‬
Valour ‫جراءة‬ - -‫بأس شجاعة‬
Valuable ‫ثمين‬ - ‫نفيس‬
Value ‫ قيمة ثمن‬-

Variable - ‫متبدل متغير‬

Variance ‫ اختلف‬- ‫تباين‬
Vassal ‫المزارع القطاعى‬

176
Vault ‫سرداب‬
Venerable - ‫مبجل محترم‬
Veneration ‫ احترام‬- ‫كرم‬
Vengeance ‫انتقام‬ - ‫ثأر‬
Venture ‫ مجازفة‬- ‫مغامرة‬
Verbal - ‫لفظى شفهى‬

verdict Hukm ‫فتوى حكم‬

The closest equivalent in the English language is "verdict". It usually
applies to a judgement on legal issues, especially with regard to
religious matters.
‫تثبت تحقيق‬
Verification

Verity ‫صحة‬ ‫صدق‬

Verse Ayah ‫آية‬
A verse of the Holy Qur'an. Literally means "a sign". Plural: Ayat.
Verve ‫ حماس‬- ‫حمية‬
Vestal ‫طاهر‬ - ‫عذرى‬ - ‫راهبة‬
Vicar ‫قسيس‬

Victor ‫غالب‬ - ‫منتصر‬

Victory - ‫النصر‬ ‫الغلبة‬
Vindication - ‫تزكية تبرير‬
Violation ‫ اغتصاب‬- ‫نقض‬
Violators ‫منتهكى الحرمات‬
Violence - ‫قسوة عنف‬
Virgin ‫ بكر‬- ‫عذراء‬
Virtual ‫ حقيقى‬- ‫ جوهرى‬- ‫فعال‬
Vitue ‫فضيلة‬

177
‫‪Visible‬‬ ‫‪ -‬منظور‬ ‫مرأى‬
‫‪Vitiation‬‬ ‫افساد‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫اتلف‬

‫‪178‬‬
Vizier ‫وزير‬
Vizier is the Anglicized form of the Arabic word wazir, a minister,
usually chief minister, to a Caliph or Muslim ruler or sultan. On
occasion a vizier was in effect the governor.

Vocation ‫الدعوة‬
Volition ‫ارادة‬ - ‫ مشيئة‬- ‫اختيار‬
Voluntary ‫ تطوعى‬- ‫ اختيارى‬- ‫ارادى‬
Volunteer ‫متطوع‬
Voracity ‫ شراهة‬- ‫نهم‬
Vortex - ‫دوامة اعصار‬

Votary ‫نذير‬
W
Wag ‫ماجن‬
Wakil ‫وكيل‬
Other Commonly Used Spellings: WAKEEL A person who is an
authorized repesentative or proxy. Also can mean lawyer in Urdu.
Walee A guardian ‫والـــــي‬
A guardian, aperson who has responsibility for another person; used
particularly for the person who 'gives' a woman in marriage. Also
someone who is a 'friend' of Allah, one of the Sabiqoon and
Muqarraboon. Singular of Awliyaa. See Awliyaa.
War ‫حرب‬
Wariness ‫حذر‬
Warning ‫تحذير‬
Warrantable ‫حلل‬ - ‫مباح‬
Warrior ‫محارب‬
Wasaya Wills and testaments ‫وصيه‬
Wills and testaments. Bequests. Allah Ta'ala commands us to make a
bequest of our goods to our parents and next of kin. See Holy Qur'an,
Al-Baqara (2):180. The exact manner of distribution of one's goods is
complicated and therefore should be studied very carefully before

179
writing out one's will. Basically one can bequeath up to one-third of
one's property to whomever one wishes, but the remaining two-thirds
must be divided between one's surviving relatives in fixed shares, as
delineated by the Qur'an and the Sunnah. Singular: Wasaya.
Washm Tattoo mark ‫وشم‬
Tattoo mark. It is forbidden for a Muslim to have a tattoo on his or her
body. Wasm = tattoo.
Wasteful ‫مبذر‬
Wayfarer ‫عابر سبيل‬
Weal ‫رخاء‬- ‫خير‬
Welfare ‫سعادة رفاهية‬
Whim - ‫هوى‬ ‫ميل‬
Will ‫ارادة‬ - ‫مشيئة‬
Wisdom -‫حكمة‬ ‫فطنة‬
Wise ‫عاقل‬

Withdrawal - ‫سحباسترداد‬
Witness ‫تشهد‬
Witr ‫وتـــر‬
A Salat which has an odd number of Rak'at: two Rak'at, followed by
one Rak'a. This Salat is prayed last thing at night before one goes to
sleep, or else delayed and prayed at the end of the Tahajjud Salat by
those who rise in the night, seeking the pleasure and the face of Allah
Ta'ala.
Wizard ‫ساحر‬ ‫منجم‬ ‫عراف‬
Worship Ibadah ‫عبــــــــاده‬
Acts of worship and adoration in utmost submission and obedience
and with utmost love to Allah Ta'ala. In other words, a term that
indicates all that pleases Allah, including sayings and actions of the
heart or limbs. Love, fear, reverence, desire (hope), trust and sincerity
are some forms of worship from within the heart. Prayers, attending to
someone's needs, invocation, supplication and sacrifices are some
forms of worship of the limbs. Ibadah is to worship Allah as He wishes
to be worshipped. See Arkan .
Worshipful ‫مبجل‬

180
Worshipper ‫عابد‬
Worth - ‫قيمة‬ ‫فضل‬
Worthiness ‫استحقاق‬- ‫اهلية‬
Wound ‫جرح‬

Wrathful ‫ ساخط‬- ‫غاضب‬

Wreak ‫نقمة‬

Wrestle - ‫صراع كفاح‬

Wrongdoer ‫فاعل الثم‬
Wrongful ‫مسىء‬
Wudu ‫وضـــــــوء‬
Ritual washing with water alone to be pure for the prayer. The way to
do Wudu is:
1. Wash hands thrice*.
2. Wash mouth thrice*.
3. Wash nostrils thrice*.
4. Wash face thrice*.
5. Wash right forearm thrice*.
6. Wash left forearm thrice*.
7. Wipe scalp and nape of neck and then ears once,(or twice or
thrice).
8. Wash right foot thrice*.
9. Wash left foot thrice*.
*Once or twice is also allowed. See Holy Qur'an, An-Nisa (4):43, Al-
Ma'idah (5):7. You must already be in Ghusl for Wudu to be effective.
You should ensure that your private parts and underclothes are clean
before doing Wudu. Once you have done Wudu you remain in Wudu
until it is broken by:
1. Any of the conditions which make it necessary to have a Ghusl.
See Ghusl.
2. Emission of impurities from the private parts: urine, faeces,
wind, prostatic fluid, or other discharge.
3. Loss of consciousness by whatever means: usually by sleep or
fainting.
4. Physical contact between man and woman where sexual
pleasure is either intended or experienced.
5. Touching your penis with the inside of your hand or fingers.
6. Leaving Islam.

181
It is necessary to be in Ghusl and in Wudu (or alternatively to do
Tayammum under certain circumstances) to do the Salat (Prayer) and
to hold a copy of the Qur'an. See Tayammum .
Wusta ‫)) العصر الوسطى‬
Middle. Salatul Wusta refers to the middle prayer, which is the 'Asr
prayer (the third of the five compulsory daily prayers), for those whose
day begins at dawn. However, some say it refers to the Fajr prayer.
This is because the Muslims follow a lunar calendar: the first day of a
new lunar month is only determined when the new moon is sighted
shortly after sunset. Therefore the Muslim day begins at Maghreb, and
the first prayer of that new day is Maghreb, which makes the third
(middle) prayer Fajr.

182
 Y
Yacoub, Peace be upon him ‫يعقوب عليه‬
‫السلم‬
Jacob. A prophet of Islam. He was also known as Israel. His twelve sons
each became head of their own tribe and these were known as the
twelve tribes of Israel. Jacob was the son of Ishaaq, who was the son of
Ibrahim (Abraham), peace be on them. See Mursaleen.
Yahoud The Jews ‫يهــــــود‬
The Jews. This term is correctly used to describe the three tribes of
Israel - the tribes of Judah, Levi and Benjamin - who after the twelve
tribes had escaped from Egypt with Moses, peace be on him, and
settled in the Holy Land, separated from the other tribes of Israel (who
were known as the Israelites) and became known as the Judahites. The
term 'Judahite' was shortened to 'Judean', which was then eventually
shortened to 'Jew'. The Judahite Jews re-wrote and altered the Torah
several times and formulated the Talmud (incorporating the Mishnah,
the Jerusalem Gemara, the Babylonian Gemara and the Midrash), and
their religion became known as Judaism. 'Yahoud' is the Arabic
equivalent of 'Judahite'. It is clear, therefore, that the term 'Yahoud'
can only really be correctly used to describe the Middle Eastern and
Sephardhic Jews; and can only be very loosely applied to the
Ashkenazim Jews who are descended from the turkic Russian tribe of
the Khazars who embraced Judaism in the seventh century, but who
were not originally descended from any of the twelve tribes of Israel. It
is for this reason that some commentators identify the Ashkenazim
Jews with 'Jewj wa Majewj', Gog and Magog, (since they are 'Jews', but
not Judahite Jews), about whom it is prophesied in Ezekiel 38-39 that
they will come from their place in the far north (Russia), helped by
many nations, and attack the land of Israel, and that eventually there
will be a mightly battle in which they will all be destroyed.
Yahya, Peace be upon him ‫يحي عليه السلم‬
John the Baptist. A prophet of Islam. Son of the Prophet Zakaria and
Al-Yasaabat (Elizabeth), and the maternal cousin of Mariam (Mary),
Mother of Isa (Jesus), peace be on all of them. He was therefore a
cousin of the Prophet Isa (Jesus), Son of Mariam (Mary). He was sent
by Allah Ta'ala to prepare the way for the Prophet Isa. The Prophet
Yahya was imprisoned, then later beheaded by Herod in order to
prove his infatuation for a dancing girl (his niece). It is unfortunate
that the Nasara (Christians) choose to call him John, because the
name Yahya has a special place in history. He was the first man ever
to be called Yahya. See Holy Qur'an, Aali'Imran (3):39,Al-An'am (6):85,
Maryam (19):12-15, Al-Anbiya (2l):90-91.
Yarmuk ‫اليرموك‬
A place in Shaam. Site of a famous battle.

183
Yaum al-jaza ‫يوم الجزاء‬
Literally means the Day of Payment. Another name for the Day of
Judgement, when mankind and Jinn will be paid what is due to them,
either by being sent to Jannah (Paradise) or to Nar (Hellfire).
Yaum-al-qiama ‫يوم القيامه‬
Literally means the Day of Standing. This is the day when we will be
raised from our graves and will stand while waiting to be judged by
Allah Ta'ala. This day has many names, including:
1. Al-Qari'a (Day of Clamour).
2. At-Taama al-Kubra (The Complete Covering). For a complete
list of the names and description of the Yaum al-Qiama.
Yaqeen Certainty ‫يقين‬
Certainty. Faith in general is based on the Yaqeen of the believer. It
has three stages:
1. Ilm al-Yaqeen - knowledge of certainty.
2. Ayn al-Yaqeen - source of certainty.
3. Haqq al-Yaqeen - truth of certainty.
The Raja of Mahmudabad defined them thus in this metaphor:
1. You are told there is a fire in the forest.
2. You reach the fire in the forest and see it for yourself.
3. You are the fire in the forest.
See Holy Qur'an, Al-Hijr (15):99
Yatama Orphans ‫اليتامى‬
Orphans. Singular: Yateem. See Yateem.
Yateem Orphan ‫يتيم‬
Orphan. It is a major sin to harm, abuse or cheat orphans in any way
whatsoever. Allah Ta'ala will give a great reward to anyone who takes
care of orphans. Plural: Yatama. See Holy Qur'an,Al-Baqara(2):220, An-
Nisa(4):2,6,10,127,Al-Isra (17):34.

Yathrib ‫يثرب‬
Yathrib : The old name of Medina
Yunus, , Peace be upon him ‫يونس عليه‬
‫السلم‬
"Jonah" or "Jonas". A prophet of Islam. He was sent to the city of
Nineveh (on the left bank of the Tigris, opposite the city of Mosul, in
Iraq, to preach against their wickedness and call them to the worship
of Allah. The people of Nineveh at first rejected him, but when he
pronounced the curse of Allah upon them, repented their sins.
However, he still left the city in anger, forgetting that Allah is full of
mercy, as well as forgiveness. As a punishment, Allah Ta'ala caused a
whale to swallow him up for a limited time. In the darkness of the
whale's stomach, in the darkness of the ocean, in the darkness of the
night, Yunus turned to his Lord and asked for His forgiveness. The

184
whale spewed him up on the beach and, after recovering from his
ordeal, Yunus returned to the city whose inhabitants all became his
followers. He then came to be known as Dhu'l-Noon (man of the
whale). See Holy Qur'an, As-Saffa at(37):139-149. Surah 10 of the Holy
Qur'an. See Mursaleen.
Yusuf, , Peace be upon him ‫يوسف عليه‬
‫السلم‬
"Joseph". A prophet of Islam. One of the sons of Yacoub (Jacob), peace
be on them. Surah 12 of the Holy Qur'an. See: Mursaleen.
Z
Zaboor ‫الزبـــــــور‬
Holy Book revealed to the Prophet Dawood (David), peace be on him.
Zaid ‫زيد بن حارثه‬
Zaid ibn Haritha was one of the first people to accept Islam. He was a
freedman of the Prophet Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant
him peace, who treated him like his own son. In the eighth year before
Hijra, the Prophet Muhammad, may the peace and blessings of Allah
be upon him, gave to Zaid in marriage his own cousin Zainab bint
Jahsh. The marriage ended in divorce. It was Allah Ta'ala's will that the
Holy Prophet himself should marry her. The Prophet Muhammad's
marriage to her, in 5AH, made it clear that an adopted son is not to be
legally regarded as a natural son as regards re-marriage and
inheritance. If Zaid had been the Prophet's natural son, then the
Prophet would not have been allowed to marry Zainab, since a man is
not permitted to marry the ex-wife of his natural son. See Holy Qur'an,
Al-Ahzab (33):37-38.
Zainab (Bint Jahsh) ‫جحش‬ ‫زينب بنت‬
Wife of Zaid ibn Haritha. She later married the Holy Prophet, may Allah
bless him and grant him peace. For further information See Zaid ibn
Haritha. See Holy Qur'an, Al-Ahzab (33):28, 37-38, 50.
Zakariah, Peace be on him ‫زكريا عليه السلم‬
The Prophet Zacchariah. A prophet of Islam. He looked after Maryam,
the mother of Jesus, in the Temple of Solomon, when she was a child.
He was the father of the Prophet Yahya, peace be on them all.
Zallah A major error ‫زلــــه‬
A major error, e.g. unintentional backbiting. Generally speaking, a
person seeks Allah's forgiveness immediately after realizing that he or
she has committed a Zallah.
Zaqqum ‫زقــــوم‬
An extremely bitter and thorny tree that grows at the bottom of
Hellfire. See Holy Qur'an, Al-Isra (17):60, As-Saffat (37):62- 66, Ad-
Dukhan (44):43-46, Al-Waqi'ah (56):52.

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Zeal ‫غيرة‬ ‫حمية‬
Zealous ‫غيور‬ ‫متعصب‬
Zindeeq ‫زنديق‬
Hypocrite or unbeliever. Anyone who does not believe in Allah and
who rejects His Messengers, may Allah bless them and grant them
peace
Zion ‫صهيون‬
Zionism ‫الصهيونية‬
Zoor ‫زور‬
Giving false evidence. The act of committing perjury.
Zukhruff (Al) The Gold Ornaments ‫الزخرف‬
"The Gold Ornaments". Surah 43 of the Holy Qur'an.
Zummar (Al) The Troops ‫الزمره‬
"The Troops". Surah 39 of the Holy Qur'an.

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 ‫‪E‬‬
‫‪n‬‬
‫‪g‬‬
‫‪lish- Arabic‬‬

‫الراشــــــد‬
‫المصطلحات السلمية معجم‬
‫إنجليزى – عربى‬
‫‪Anwer Mahmoud Zanaty‬‬
‫أنـور محمود زناتي‬

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Glossary of Islamic Terms
‫معجم المصطلحات السلمية‬

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