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 ‫ﺑﺴﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ‬

‫ﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ ﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﲔ‪،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻴﺪ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﻴﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺳﻠﲔ‪،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﻟـﻪ ﻭﺻـﺤﺒﻪ‬

‫ﺃﲨﻌﲔ‪،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺗﺒﻌﻬﻢ ﺑﺈﺣﺴﺎﻥ ﺇﱃ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺷﺪﻳﻦ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻳﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺷـﺌﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗـﺪ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺐ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ ‪ ...‬ﻭﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺻﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﰊ‬
‫ﺣﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﷲ ‪ ....‬ﻭﺍﳊﻤﻴﺪﻱ ‪ ...‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮﻱ ﻭﳏﻤﻮﺩ ﺷﺎﻛﺮ ﺭﲪﻪ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﺭﺗﺒﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ‪ -‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‬
‫ﻧﺴﺒﻪ‬
‫ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻔﻪ ﰱ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ‬
‫ﺃﻭﻝ ﺧﻄﻴﺐ ﰱ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ‬
‫ﺟﻬﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﻓﻀﺎﺋﻠﻪ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺧﻼﻓﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺟﻴﺶ ﺃﺳﺎﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻭﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺟﻴﻮﺵ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻼﻑ ﻋﻤﺮ‬
‫ﻭﻓﺎﺗﻪ‬
‫ﻭ‪‬ﺻﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﺃﰊ ﺑ‪‬ﻜﺮ ﺭ‪‬ﺿ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋ‪‬ﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ‪-‬ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‬

‫‬
 ‫ﻣﻦ ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺇﺳﻼﻣﻪ‬
‫ﻟﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﻖ‬
‫ﻗﻮﺓ ﺍﳊﻖ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺧﻼﻓﺔ ﻋﻤﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳒﺎﺯﺍﺗﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻮﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ‬
‫‪‬ﻫﻴ‪‬ـ‪‬ﺒﺘِـﻪ ﻭﺗﻮﺍﺿﻌﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺸﻬﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ‪-‬ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‬
‫ﻧﺴﺒﻪ‬
‫ﺇﺳﻼﻣﻪ‬
‫ﺯﻭﺍﺟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺑﻨﱴ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‬
‫ﺻﻔﺎﺗﻪ‬
‫ﺗﺒﺸﲑﻩ ﺑﺎﳉﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻰ‬
‫ﺟﻴﺶ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﺮﺓ‬
‫ﺑﺌﺮ ﺭﻭﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺳﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﻯ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻮﺣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻨﺔ‬

‫‬
 ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺸﻬﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻹ ‪‬ﺳﻼﹶﻣ ‪‬ﻲ ﺃﻳ‪‬ﺎﻡ ﻋ‪‬ﺜﻤﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺳﺒﺄ ﻭﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﰲ ﻇﻬﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻨﺔ‬
‫ﲨﻊ ﺃﻣﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﻷﻣﺼﺎﺭ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺳﻢ ﺍﳊﺞ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺘﻞ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ‪-‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰉ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺇﺳﻼﻣﻪ‬
‫ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﳍﺠﺮﺓ‬
‫ﻫﺠﺮﺗﻪ ﺍﱃ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬
‫ﻏﺰﻭﺍﺗﻪ ﰱ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﻗﻀﺎﺅﻩ‬
‫ﺻﺪﻗﺘﻪ ﻭﺯﻫﺪﻩ ﻭﺗﻮﺍﺿﻌﻪ‬
‫ﺧﻼﻓﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻮﺍﺭﺝ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺸﻬﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻭﺻﻴﺘﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻭﻓﺎﺗﻪ‬
‫ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻹ ‪‬ﺳﻼﹶﻣﻲ ﺃﻳ‪‬ﺎﻡ ﻋ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬ﻲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ ‪-‬ﺣﺮﻭﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻮﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺷﺪﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻮﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻋﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻮﺣ‪‬ﺎﺕ ﰲ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻬ ِﺪ ﻋﻤ‪‬ﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻮﺣ‪‬ﺎﺕ ﰲ ﻋ‪‬ﻬ ِﺪ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‬

‫‬
 ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ ‪-‬ﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺷﺪﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻣﺒﺴﻂ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻟﺘﺴﻬﻞ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺗﻪ ﻭﺣﻔﻈﻪ ‪..‬‬
‫ﺃﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻔﻊ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺗﺒﻪ ﻭﻗﺎﺭﺋﻪ ﻭﻧﺎﺷﺮﻩ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺍﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﻳﻦ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﱠﻟﺬِﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻫﺪ‪‬ﻯ ﺍﻟﹼﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻓِﺒ ‪‬ﻬﺪ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍ ﹾﻗ‪‬ﺘ ِﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ﻗﹸﻞ ﱠﻻ ﺃﹶ ‪‬ﺳﹶﺄﹸﻟ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺟﺮ‪‬ﺍ ِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻫ‪‬ـ ‪‬ﻮ ِﺇ ﱠﻻ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪} :‬ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟِﺌ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ{ )‪ (٩٠‬ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻧﻌﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ِﺫ ﹾﻛﺮ‪‬ﻯ ِﻟ ﹾﻠﻌ‪‬ﺎﹶﻟ ِﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﻧﺎﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻮﺩ‬

‫ﰲ ‪ ٧‬ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ‪ ١٤٣٠‬ﻫـ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﻝ ‪ ٢٠٠٩/٨/٢٨‬ﻡ‬

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 ‫‪@ @Þëþa@szj½a‬‬
‫‪@ éäÇ@
a@@Õ톖Ûa@ŠØi@ìic‬‬
‫@‬
‫ﻧﺴﺒﻪ‬
‫ﻫﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﺮ ﺑﻦ ‪‬ﻋﻤ‪‬ﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﻛﻌﺐ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺑﻦ ‪‬ﺗﻴ‪‬ﻢ ﺑﻦ ‪‬ﻣﺮ‪‬ﺓ ﺑﻦ ﻛﻌﺐ ﺑﻦ‬
‫ﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺷ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﻤ ‪‬ﻲ‪ .‬ﻳﻠﺘﻘﻲ ﻣﻊ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﰲ ‪‬ﻣﺮ‪‬ﺓ ﺑﻦ ﻛﻌﺐ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﺆ ‪‬‬
‫ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﹸﻗﺤ‪‬ﺎﻓﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﻪ ﺃﻡ ﺍﳋﲑ ‪‬ﺳ ﹾﻠﻤ‪‬ﻰ ﺑﻨﺖ ﺻﺨﺮ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﺑﻨﺔ ﻋﻢ ﺃﰊ ﻗﺤﺎﻓﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﰒ ﺃﺳﻠﻤﺖ ﺃﻣﻪ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﺤﺐ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ‬
‫ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ‬
‫ﻟﻘﺐ ‪‬ﻋﺘِﻴﻘﹰﺎ ﻟﻌﺘﻘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﻭﻋﻦ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ  ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜـﺮ‬
‫ﻋﺘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ" ﻓﻤﻦ ﻳﻮﻣﺌﺬ ﲰﻲ "ﻋﺘﻴﻘﹰﺎ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ‪" :‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﲰﻰ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﺴـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ  ﺻﺪ‪‬ﻳﻘﹰﺎ" ﻭﺳﺒﺐ ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﺩﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺗﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ  ﻭﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﻟﺼـﺪﻕ‬
‫ﻓﻠﻢ ﺗﻘﻊ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻫِﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﻻ ﻛﺬﺑﺔ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺣﻮﺍﻝ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻦ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪" :‬ﳌﺎ ﺃﺳﺮﻱ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﱯ  ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﺍﻷﻗﺼﻰ ﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﳛﺪ‪‬ﺙ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻓﺎﺭﺗﺪ ﻧﺎﺱ ﳑﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺁﻣﻦ ﻭﺻﺪﻕ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻓﺘﻨﻮﺍ ﺑﻪ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ‪ :‬ﺇﱐ ﻷﺻﺪﻗﻪ ﰲ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺃﺑﻌـﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺃﺻﺪﻗﻪ ﲞﱪ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﻏﺪﻭﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺭﻭﺣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﺬﻟﻚ ﲰﻲ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻔﻪ ﰱ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ‬
‫ﻭﻟﺪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ ٥٧٣‬ﻡ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻞ ﺑﺜﻼﺙ ﺳﻨﲔ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻋﻨـﻪ ﺻـﺪﻳﻘﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺚ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﺻﻐﺮ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺳﻨﹰﺎ ﺑﺜﻼﺙ ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻜﺜﺮ ﻏﺸﻴﺎﻧﻪ ﰲ ﻣﱰﻟـﻪ‬
‫ﻭﳏﺎﺩﺛﺘﻪ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﺁﺯﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ  ﰲ ﻧﺼﺮ ﺩﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﻭﻣﺎﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺅﺳﺎﺀ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ ﳏﺒﺒﹰﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﻣ‪‬ﺆﻟﻔﹰﺎ ﳍﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﺻﺪﻗﺘﻪ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﲬﺴﺔ‬

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‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺒﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﳉﻨﺔ ﻭﻫﻢ‪ :‬ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺰﺑ‪‬ﲑ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻮ‪‬ﺍﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟـﺮﲪﻦ ﺑـﻦ‬
‫ﻋﻮﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻌﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻭﻗﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﻃﻠﺤﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﺑﺄﻧﺴﺎﺏ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﲑ ﻭﺷﺮ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺗـﺎﺟﺮﹰﺍ ﺫﺍ ﺛـﺮﻭﺓ‬
‫ﻃﺎﺋﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﺴﻦ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻟﺴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎﳌﹰﺎ ﺑﺘﻌﺒﲑ ﺍﻟﺮﺅﻳﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺣﺮﻡ ﺍﳋﻤﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴـﺔ ﻫـﻮ‬
‫ﻭﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ‪ .‬ﻭﳌﺎ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﺟﻌﻞ ﻳﺪﻋﻮ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ‪" :‬ﻣﺎ ﺩﻋﻮﺕ ﺃﺣﺪﹰﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺇﻻ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﹶﻛ‪‬ﺒﻮ‪‬ﺓ ﻭﻧﻈﺮ ﻭﺗﺮﺩﺩ ﺇﻻ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺣﲔ ﺫﻛﺮﺗﻪ ﻟﻪ" ﺃﻱ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺩﻓﻊ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻋﻘﺒﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻣﻌﻴﻂ ﻋﻦ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﳌﺎ ﺧﻨﻖ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﺼـﻠﻲ ﻋﻨـﺪ‬
‫ﺕ ﻣِـ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﻼ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳﻘﹸﻮ ﹶﻝ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﻟﹼﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ﺟ‪‬ﺎ َﺀ ﹸﻛ ‪‬ﻢ ﺑِﺎﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻴﻨ‪‬ﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻌﺒﺔ ﺧﻨﻘﹰﺎ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﹰﺍ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪} :‬ﹶﺃ‪‬ﺗ ﹾﻘ‪‬ﺘﻠﹸﻮ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺟ ﹰ‬
‫‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ{‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻭﻝ ﺧﻄﻴﺐ ﰱ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﺻﺎﺏ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺇﻳﺬﺍﺀ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻛﺜﲑ‪ .‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ  ﳌﺎ ﺩﺧﻞ ﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﻗﻢ ﻟﻴﻌﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﹰﺍ ﺃﱀ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﻮﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺇﻧﺎ ﻗﻠﻴﻞ‪ .‬ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺰﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺣﱴ ﺧﺮﺝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ  ﻭﻣﻦ ﻣﻌـﻪ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺧﻄﻴﺒﹰﺎ ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ  ﺟﺎﻟﺲ ﻭﺩﻋـﺎ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺧﻄﻴﺐ ﺩﻋﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬
‫ﻓﺜﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻛﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻳﻀﺮﺑﻮ‪‬ﻢ ﻓﻀـﺮﺑﻮﻫﻢ ﺿـﺮﺑﹰﺎ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪﹰﺍ‪ .‬ﻭﻭ‪‬ﻃﺊ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﺎﻷﺭﺟﻞ ﻭﺿﺮﺏ ﺿﺮﺑﹰﺎ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﹰﺍ‪ .‬ﻭﺻﺎﺭ ‪‬ﻋﺘ‪‬ﺒﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺭﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﻳﻀﺮﺏ ﺃﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﻨﻌﻠﲔ ﳐﺼﻮﻓﺘﲔ ﻭﳛﺮﻓﻬﻤﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻭﺟﻬﻪ ﺣﱴ ﺻﺎﺭ ﻻ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺃﻧﻔﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﻬﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺠﺎﺀﺕ ﺑﻨﻮ ﺗﻴﻢ ﻳﺘﻌﺎﺩ‪‬ﻭﻥ ﻓﺄﺟ‪‬ﻠﺖ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻛﲔ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺩﺧﻠﻮﻩ ﻣﱰﻟﻪ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺸـﻜﱡﻮﻥ‬
‫ﰲ ﻣﻮﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺭﺟﻌﻮﺍ ﻓﺪﺧﻠﻮﺍ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻟﺌﻦ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻟﻨﻘﺘﻠﻦ ﻋﺘﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺭﺟﻌﻮﺍ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﺻﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻗﺤﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﺑﻨﻮ ﺗﻴﻢ ﻳﻜﻠﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻓﻼ ﳚﻴﺐ ﺣﱴ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﰒ ﺗﻜﻠﻢ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻓﻌﻞ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ؟‬
‫ﻓﻌﺬﻟﻮﻩ ﻓﺼﺎﺭ ﻳﻜﺮﺭ ﺫﻟﻚ‬

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 ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ ﺃﻣﻪ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻣﺎ ﱄ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺑﺼﺎﺣﺒﻚ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﺫﻫﱯ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻡ ﲨﻴﻞ ﻓﺎﺳﺄﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﺧﺮﺟﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺳﺄﻟﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺃﻋﺮﻑ ﳏﻤﺪﹰﺍ ﻭﻻ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﺗﺮﻳﺪﻳﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﻌﻚ؟‬
‫ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﻧﻌﻢ‪ .‬ﻓﺨﺮﺟﺖ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻓﻮﺟﺪﺗﻪ ﺻﺮﻳﻌﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻓﺼﺎﺣﺖ ﻭﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻗﻮﻣﹰﺎ ﻧﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻨﻚ ﻷﻫﻞ ﻓﺴﻖ ﻭﺇﱐ ﻷﺭﺟﻮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﺘﻘﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﳍﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻓﻌﻞ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ؟‬
‫ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺃﻣﻚ‪،‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﻼ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻱ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻻ ﺗﻔﺸﻲ ﺳﺮﻙ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﺳﺎﱂ ﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻷﺭﻗﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻻ ﺃﺫﻭﻕ ﻃﻌﺎﻣﹰﺎ ﻭﻻ ﺃﺷﺮﺏ ﺷﺮﺍﺑﹰﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺁﰐ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﺃﻣﻪ‪ :‬ﻓﺄﻣﻬﻠﻨﺎﻩ ﺣﱴ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻫﺪﺃﺕ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺟﻞ ﻭﺳﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺧﺮﺟﻨﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻳﺘﻜﺊ ﻋﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﺣﱴ ﺩﺧـﻞ‬
‫ﻕ ﻟﻪ ﺭﻗﺔ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻭﺃﻛﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻳﻘﺒﻠﻪ ﻭﺃﻛﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ  ﻓﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺑﺄﰊ ﺃﻧﺖ ﻭﺃﻣﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻣﺎ ﰊ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺄﺱ ﺇﻻ ﻣﺎ ﻧﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﻬـﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫـﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺃﻣﻲ ﺑﺮﺓ ﺑﻮﻟﺪﻫﺎ ﻓﻌﺴﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﻨﻘﺬﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﺪﻋﺎ ﳍﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼـﻪ  ﻭﺩﻋﺎﻫـﺎ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻓﺄﺳﻠﻤﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﳌﺎ ﺍﺷﺘﺪ ﺃﺫﻯ ﻛﻔﺎﺭ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﱂ ﻳﻬﺎﺟﺮ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﺒﺸﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺑﻞ ﺑﻘﻲ ﻣﻊ ﺭﺳـﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ  ﺗﺎﺭﻛﹰﺎ ﻋﻴﺎﻟﻪ ﻭﺃﻭﻻﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻫﺠﺮﺗﻪ ﻣﻊ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺳﻠﻢ‬
‫ﺃﻗﺎﻡ ﻣﻊ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺭ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ؛ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪} :‬ﺛﹶﺎِﻧ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﹾﺛ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ِﺇ ﹾﺫ ‪‬ﻫﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﻓِـﻲ ﺍﻟﻐ‪‬ـﺎ ِﺭ ِﺇ ﹾﺫ‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺰ ﹾﻥ ِﺇ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﹼﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌﻨ‪‬ﺎ{‪.‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳﻘﹸﻮ ﹸﻝ ِﻟﺼ‪‬ﺎ ِﺣِﺒ ِﻪ ﹶﻻ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﳌﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﳍﺠﺮﺓ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻧﺎﺋﻢ ﻓﺄﻳﻘﻈـﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘـﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ‪ :‬ﻗﺪ ﺃﺫﻥ ﱄ ﰲ ﺍﳋﺮﻭﺝ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ‪ :‬ﻓﻠﻘﺪ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻳﺒﻜﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺡ‪،‬‬

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‫ﰒ ﺧﺮﺟﺎ ﺣﱴ ﺩﺧﻼ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺭ ﻓﺄﻗﺎﻣﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻟﻮﻻ ﺛﻘﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻣﺔ ﺑﺄﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﳌﺎ‬
‫ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﰲ ﻫﺠﺮﺗﻪ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﺨﻠﺼﻪ ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻮﻯ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻓﺎﺭﻕ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﲰﺎﻩ "ﺛﺎﱐ ﺍﺛﻨﲔ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ  ﳊﺴﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‪" :‬ﻫﻞ ﻗﻠﺖ ﰲ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ؟" ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻧﻌﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻗﻞ ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﲰﻊ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﺛﺎﱐ ﺍﺛﻨﲔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻨﻴﻒ ﻭﻗﺪ * ﻃﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﺪ ‪‬ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺇﺫ ﺻﻌ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﳉﺒﻼ‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫ﺐ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻗﺪ ﻋﻠﻤﻮﺍ * ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﱪﻳﺔ ﱂ ﻳﻌﺪﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ِﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﻀﺤﻚ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﺣﱴ ﺑﺪﺕ ﻧﻮﺍﺟﺬﻩ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺻﺪﻗﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺣﺴﺎﻥ ﻫﻮ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﻠﺖ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﻬﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ  ﻳﻜﺮﻣﻪ ﻭﳚﻠﻪ ﻭﻳﺜﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﻭﺟﻬﻪ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻔﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺷﻬﺪ ﻣﻊ ﺭﺳـﻮﻝ‬
‫ﳊﺪ‪‬ﻳﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺧﻴﱪ ﻭﻓﺘﺢ ﻣﻜﺔ ﻭ ‪‬ﺣﻨ‪‬ﻴﻨـﹰﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻄـﺎﺋﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﺑﺪﺭﹰﺍ ﻭﺃﹸﺣﺪﹰﺍ ﻭﺍﳋﻨﺪﻕ ﻭﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﹸ‬
‫ﻭﺗ‪‬ﺒﻮﻙ ﻭﺣ‪‬ﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺩﺍﻉ‪ .‬ﻭﺩﻓﻊ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﺭﺍﻳﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻤﻰ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺗﺒﻮﻙ ﺇﱃ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜـﺮ ﻭﻛﺎﻧـﺖ‬
‫ﺳﻮﺩﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﻴﻤﻦ ﺛﺒﺖ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺃﹸﺣﺪ ﻭﺣﲔ ﻭﻟﱠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺣﻨﲔ‪ .‬ﻭﻫـﻮ ﻣـﻦ ﻛﺒـﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺣﻔﻈﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻛﻠﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻋﺘﻖ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺳﺒﻌﺔ ﳑﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻳﻌﺬﺑﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻭﻫﻢ‪ :‬ﺑﻼﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋـﺎﻣﺮ ﺑـﻦ ﻓﻬـﲑﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭ ِﺯﻧ‪‬ﲑﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨﻬﺪﻳ‪‬ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺑﻨﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺑﲏ ﻣﺆﻣ‪‬ﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻡ ﻋ‪‬ﺒﻴﺲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻣ‪‬ﺪﺡ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻬﻢ ﺃﻧﺖ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ ﰊ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻔﺴﻲ ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻲ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻬﻢ‬
‫ﺍﺟﻌﻠﲏ ﺧﲑﹰﺍ ﳑﺎ ﻳﻈﻨﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﻏﻔﺮ ﱄ ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻌﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﻭﻻ ﺗﺆﺍﺧﺬﱐ ﲟﺎ ﻳﻘﻮﻟﻮﻥ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﺃﻣﺮﻧﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ  ﺃﻥ ﻧﺘﺼﺪﻕ ﻭﻭﺍﻓﻖ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﺎ ﹰﻻ ﻋﻨﺪﻱ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﻠﺖ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺃﺳﺒﻖ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺇﻥ ﺳﺒﻘﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺠﺌﺖ ﺑﻨﺼﻒ ﻣﺎﱄ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺃﺑﻘﻴﺖ ﻷﻫﻠﻚ؟‬
‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻣﺜﻠﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺟﺎﺀ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﻜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ ﺃﺑﻘﻴﺖ ﻷﻫﻠﻚ؟‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻘﻴﺖ ﳍﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ‪ .‬ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺃﺳﺒﻘﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺃﺑﺪﹰﺍ‪.‬‬
‫ﻂ ﻣﺎ ﻧﻔﻌﲏ ﻣﺎﻝ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ"‬
‫ﻭﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ‪" :‬ﻣﺎ ﻧﻔﻌﲏ ﻣﺎﻝ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻗ ﱡ‬
‫ﻓﺒﻜﻰ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻞ ﺃﻧﺎ ﻭﻣﺎﱄ ﺇﻻ ﻟﻚ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻧﺰﻝ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﰲ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ } :‬ﻭﺷ‪‬ﺎ ِﻭﺭ‪‬ﻫﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ{ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﲟﱰﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ‬
‫ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﻳﺸﺎﻭﺭﻩ ﰲ ﺃﻣﻮﺭﻩ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧﺘﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺳﻠﻢ‬
‫ﻼ"‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨـﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻼ ﻻﲣﺬﺕ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺧﻠـﻴ ﹰ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ‪" :‬ﻟﻮ ﻛﻨﺖ ﻣﺘﺨﺬﹰﺍ ﺧﻠﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﺑﻌﺜﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻴﺶ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺳﻞ ﻗـﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﺄﺗﻴﺘـﻪ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺃﺣﺐ ﺇﻟﻴﻚ؟ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ؟ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺩﺍﺀ ‪-‬ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ -‬ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻛﻨﺖ ﺟﺎﻟﺴﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ --‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜـﺮ‬
‫ﺁﺧﺬﺍ ﺑﻄﺮﻑ ﺛﻮﺑﻪ ﺣﱴ ﺃﺑﺪﻯ ﻋﻦ ﺭﻛﺒﺘﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ :--‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻜﻢ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻏﺎﻣﺮ‬
‫ﻓﺴﻠﻢ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ‪ ):‬ﺇﱐ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﲏ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﺷﻲﺀ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﰒ ﻧﺪﻣﺖ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴـﺄﻟﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﻐﻔﺮ ﱄ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﰉ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻓﺄﻗﺒﻠﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻚ‬
‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ‪ ):‬ﻳﻐﻔﺮ ﺍﷲ ﻟﻚ ﻳﺎ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ( ﺛﻼﺛﺎ ‪،‬‬
‫ﰒ ﺇﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻧﺪﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺗﻰ ﻣﱰﻝ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﺄﻝ ‪ ):‬ﺃﰒ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ( ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮﺍ ‪ ):‬ﻻ (‬
‫ﻓﺄﺗﻰ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ --‬ﻓﺴﻠﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺠﻌﻞ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ --‬ﻳﺘﻤﻌﺮ ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ﺃﺷﻔﻖ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺠﺜﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﻛﺒﺘﻴﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ‪ ):‬ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻧﺎ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺃﻇﻠﻢ ﻣﺮﺗﲔ (‬
‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ):--‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻌﺜﲏ ﺇﻟﻴﻜﻢ ﻓﻘﻠﺘﻢ ﻛﺬﺑﺖ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺻﺪﻕ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺍﺳـﺎﱐ‬
‫ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﻭﻣﺎﻟﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻞ ﺃﻧﺘﻢ ﺗﺎﺭﻛﻮﺍ ﱄ ﺻﺎﺣﱯ ( ﻣﺮﺗﲔ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺃﻭﺫﻱ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻀﺎﺋﻠﻪ ﺭﺿﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ‪" :‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﻣﻨﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺻﺎﺋﻤﺎﹰ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﺎ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﺗﺒﻊ ﻣﻨﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺟﻨﺎﺯﺓ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﺃﻃﻌﻢ ﻣﻨﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﻣﺴﻜﻴﻨﺎﹰ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﻋﺎﺩ ﻣﻨﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﻣﺮﻳﻀﺎﹰ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻌﻦ ﰲ ﺍﻣﺮﺉ ﺇﻻ ﺩﺧﻞ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ"‬
‫ﻭﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ  ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ِﺣﺮ‪‬ﺍﺀ ﻫﻮ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻃﻠﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ‪ .‬ﻓﺘﺤﺮﻛﺖ ﺍﻟﺼﺨﺮﺓ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‪" :‬ﺍﻫﺪﺃ ﻓﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻴـﻚ ﺇﻻ ﻧـﱯ‬
‫ﻭﺻﺪﻳﻖ ﻭﺷﻬﻴﺪ" ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻦ ﺣﺬﻳﻔﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ‪" :‬ﺍﻗﺘﺪﻭﺍ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﺬﹶﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜـﺮ ﻭﻋﻤـﺮ" ﺭﻭﺍﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ  ﻗﺎﻝ ﻷﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ‪" :‬ﺃﻧﺖ ﺻﺎﺣﱯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﻮﺽ ﻭﺻﺎﺣﱯ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺭ" ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﻓﻀﺎﺋﻠﻪ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺘﻌﺎﻫﺪ ﻋﺠﻮﺯﹰﺍ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﻋﻤﻴﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺣﻮﺍﺷﻲ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﻴـﻞ‬
‫ﻓﻴﺴﺘﻘﻲ ﳍﺎ ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺄﻣﺮﻫﺎ‪ .‬ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺟﺎﺀ ﻭﺟﺪ ﻏﲑﻩ ﻗﺪ ﺳﺒﻘﻪ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﺄﺻـﻠﺢ ﻣـﺎ ﺃﺭﺍﺩﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺠﺎﺀﻫﺎ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺮﺓ ﻛﻴﻼ ﻳﺴﺒﻖ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﺮﺻﺪﻩ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺄﺗﻴﻬﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﺖ ﻫﻮ ﻟﻌﻤﺮﻱ‪.‬‬
‫ﺧﻼﻓﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺭﺟﻊ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻜﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﺮﺍﻏﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺩﺍﻉ ـ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﺩﻉ ﻓﻴﻬـﺎ ‬
‫ﺃﻣﺘﻪ ﰲ ﺧﻄﺒﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﲑﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﲨﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﻟﻴﻤﻪ ﳌﻦ ﺣﻀﺮ ﻣﻌﻪ ـ ﻭﱂ ﳝﻜﺚ ﺑﻌـﺪ‬
‫ﺭﺟﻮﻋﻪ ﺇﻻ ﻗﻠﻴﻼ ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ﻋﻼﻩ ﺍﻹﻋﻴﺎﺀ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﺮﺽ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺼﺎﺭ ﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺃﻥ ﳜﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺘﻪ ﺇﻻ ﲟﺸﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺔ ـ ﻭﺭﻏﻢ ﺃﻧﻪ  ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺑﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﻭﺍﻟﻘـﻮﺓ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻬﺪ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺩﺍﻣﺖ ﻗﺮﺍﺑﺔ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﺎ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺃﺛﺮﻩ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ـ ﻓﺸﺮﻉ ﰲ ‪‬ﻴﺄﺓ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﻟﺘﻮﱃ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺑﺄﻋﺒﺎﺀ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ‪،‬‬
‫ﺣﱴ ﻻ ﳛﺲ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﺑﻔﺮﺍﻍ ﻛﺒﲑ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺭﺣﻴﻠﻪ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻭﺟﺪﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻛﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﱂ ﻳﺮﺷﺢ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﳋﻼﻓﺘﻪ ﺇﻻ ﻷﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣـﻦ ﺍﳌﻘﻮﻣـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟـﱵ‬
‫ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ‪‬ﺎ ﲢﻤﻞ ﺃﻋﺒﺎﺀ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﻳﺘﻮﻓﺮ ﰲ ﻏﲑﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺎﺋﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻻﺯﻣﻪ ﻃـﻮﺍﻝ‬
‫ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺜﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺍﻗﺐ ﺣﺮﻛﺎﺗﻪ ﻭﺳﻜﻨﺎﺗﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻌﺮﻑ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻈـﺎﺋﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺘﺼـﺪﻯ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺼﻌﺎﺏ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺪﻳﺮ ﺃﻣﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﲝﻜﻤﺔ ﻭﺭﺷﺎﺩ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭ ﻭﺍﳊﺒﻴﺐ‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺇ ﹾﺫ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﺼﺮ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻩ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺮﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﺑﺬﻛﺮ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﰲ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ِ " :‬ﺇﱠﻟﺎ ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺰ ﹾﻥ ِﺇ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌﻨ‪‬ﺎ‪ "..‬ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺑـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﱠﻟﺬِﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻛ ﹶﻔﺮ‪‬ﻭﺍ ﺛﹶﺎِﻧ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﹾﺛﻨ‪‬ﻴ ِﻦ ِﺇ ﹾﺫ ‪‬ﻫﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﹾﻟﻐ‪‬ﺎ ِﺭ ِﺇ ﹾﺫ ‪‬ﻳﻘﹸﻮ ﹸﻝ ِﻟﺼ‪‬ﺎ ِﺣﺒِ ِﻪ ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫‪ ٤٠‬ﻭﺭﺃﻯ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺁﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺭﺳﺦ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ ﰲ ﻗﻠﺒﻪ ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﺳﻴﺨﺎ ﻳﻔﻮﻕ ﺭﺳﻮﺥ ﺍﳉﺒﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻌﻠﻪ  ﺃﻥ ﻛﻠﻒ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺑﺈﻣﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ‪" :‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﻭﺍ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻓﻠﻴﺼﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺱ " ﻭﻗﺪ ﺣﺪﺙ ﺃﻥ ﻏﺎﺏ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻳﻮﻣﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻡ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﺼﻠﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬
‫‪،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻛﹼﱪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﲰﻊ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ  ﺻﻮﺗﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ  ‪":‬ﻓﺄﻳﻦ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜـﺮ ؟ !ﻳـﺄﰉ ﺍﷲ ﺫﻟـﻚ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻳﺄﰉ ﺍﷲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ " ‪.‬‬
‫ﰒ ﺻﺎﺭ ﻳﻮﻛﻞ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺣﻮﺍﺋﺞ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻨﺒﻬﻬﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻮﻉ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ‬
‫ﻳﺮﺟﻌﻮﻥ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻓﻘﺪﻩ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﺗﺴﺄﻟﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﻓﺄﻣﺮﻫﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺮﺟﻊ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﺃﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺇﻥ ﺟﺌﺖ ﻓﻠﻢ ﺃﺟﺪﻙ ‪ -‬ﻛﺄ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ ‪ -‬ﻗﺎﻝ ‪" :‬ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﲡﺪﻳﲏ ﻓـﺄﰐ‬
‫ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ"‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﰲ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﳌﺎ ﻭﺟﺪ ﰲ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺷﻴﺌﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﻣﻮﺗﻪ ‪ ،‬ﺧﺮﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﻳﻬﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﲔ ﺭﺟﻠﲔ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ ‪،‬ﻓﺄﺭﺍﺩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺄﺧﺮ ﻭﻳﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻭﻣﺄ ﺍﻟﻴﻪ  ﺃﻥ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻚ ﰒ ﺃﺗﻰﺣﱴ‬
‫ﺟﻠﺲ ﺍﱃ ﺟﻨﺒﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺼﻠﻰ ﺑﺼﻼﺗﻪ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻓﻀﺎﺋﻠﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ‪ ":‬ﻓﺈﱐ ﻻ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻣﺮﺃ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻳﺪﺍ ﻋﻨﺪﻱ ﰲ‬
‫ﻼ ﻻ ﲣﺬﺕ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺧﻠﻴﻼﹰ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ‪ "..‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ‪" :‬ﻟﻮ ﻛﻨﺖ ﻣﺘﺨﺬﹰﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﱵ ﺧﻠﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺃﺧﻲ ﻭﺻﺎﺣﱯ " ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﰲ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻃﻠﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻭﺭﻳﻦ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺠﺪ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﻔﺘﺢ ﺩﻭﺭﻫﻢ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ ﻣﺒﺎﺷـﺮﺓ ‪ ،‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴـﺪﻭﺍ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﻓﺬﻫﻢ ﺗﻠﻚ ؛ ﻟﻠﺤﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻈﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪﻓﻘﺎﻝ ‪ :" :‬ﺳﺪﻭﺍ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺑﻮﺍﺏ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴـﺠﺪ ﺇﻻ‬

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‫ﺑﺎﺏ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ " ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺳﻴﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳋﺮﻭﺝ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻛﻞ ﺣﲔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻴﻌﺎﺩﻟﻠﺘﺒﺎﺣـﺚ ﰲ‬
‫ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺸﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﲑ ﳐﺮﺝ ﺑﻴﺘﻪ ‪.‬‬
‫ﰒ ﺑﺪﺃ ﻳﻠﻤ‪‬ﺢ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺑﻘﺮﺏ ﺃﺟﻠﻪ ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﲤﺖ ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻠﹼﻎ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻧﺰﻝ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﺭﺑﻪ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﺑﻼﻍ‪ ،‬ﻓﺨﺮﺝ  ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﺨﻄﺒﻬﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﻠﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ـ ﺃﻱ ﻃﻠﺐ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺷﻲﺀ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﰐ ﻟﻴﺄﺧﺬﻩ ﻣﻨﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻌﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﺭﻋﺎ ﻣﻨﻪ  ـ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﳍﻢ ‪ " :‬ﺇﻥ ﻋﺒﺪﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺒـﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺍﷲ ﺧﲑﻩ ﺍﷲ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﲔ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ " ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ‪ :‬ﺑـﻞ ﻧﻔـﺪﻳﻚ‬
‫ﺑﺄﻧﻔﺴﻨﺎ ﻭﺃﺑﻨﺎﺋﻨﺎ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺳﻠﻚ ) ﻫﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ( ﻳﺎ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﲨﻊ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ ﻭ‬
‫ﺳﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻏﺎﺋﺒﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ ﻓﻮﺩﻋﻬﻢ ﻭﻋﻴﻨﺎﻩ ﺗﺪﻣﻌﺎﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﻋﺎ ﳍﻢ ﻓﻘـﺎﻝ ‪ " :‬ﺃﻭﺻـﻴﻜﻢ‬
‫ﺑﺘﻘﻮﻯ ﺍﷲ‪ ..‬ﺇﱐ ﻟﻜﻢ ﻧﺬﻳﺮ ﻭ ﺑﺸﲑ ‪ ،‬ﺃ ﹼﻻ ﺗﻌﻠﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﰲ ﺑﻼﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﻩ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧـﻪ ﻗـﺎﻝ ﱄ‬
‫ﺽ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ﹶﻓﺴ‪‬ﺎﺩ‪‬ﺍ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟﻌ‪‬ﺎِﻗﺒ‪‬ـ ﹸﺔ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻌﹸﻠﻬ‪‬ﺎ ِﻟﱠﻠﺬِﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳﺮِﻳﺪ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻋﹸﻠﻮ‪‬ﺍ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﻟﹾﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺭ ِ‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺭ ﺍﹾﻟ َﺂ ِﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ﹸﺓ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻜﻢ ‪ِ " :‬ﺗ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ " ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺺ ‪.٨٣‬‬ ‫ِﻟ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﺘ ِﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻇﻞ  ﻳﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﺃﻣﺮ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﺎﻷﻣﺮ ﺩﻭﻧﻪ ﺣﱴ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﺎﺋﻖ ﺍﻷﺧﲑﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻛﺸﻒ‬
‫ ﺳﺘﺎﺭ ﺣﺠﺮﺗﻪ ﺻﺒﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﹸﺒﺾ ﻓﻴﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺭﺃﻯ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺻﻔﻮﻓﺎ ﺧﻠـﻒ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜـﺮ‬
‫‪،‬ﺗﺒﺴﻢ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺳﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﰲ ﺻﻼ‪‬ﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻳ‪‬ﻔﺴﺢ ﻟـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻒ ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﺪﺧﻞ ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻋﺠﺰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳋﺮﻭﺝ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺷﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻜﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺳﺪﻝ ﺳﺘﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻏﺮﻓﺘﻪ ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺭﺅﻳﺘﻪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺸﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺛﻠﺞ ﺻﺪﺭﻩ ‪ ،‬ﻟﺘﺼﻌﺪ ﺭﻭﺣﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺑﺎﺭﻳﻬﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﻏﻢ ﺫﻟﻚ ﱂ ﻳﻨﺺ  ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻼﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳﺸﺄ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴـﻠﺐ ﺍﳌﺴـﻠﻤﲔ‬
‫ﺣﻘﻬﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺭﺍﺩ‪‬ﻢ ﰲ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺸﺌﻮ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﻳﺘﻮﱃ ﺃﻣﺮﻫﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﹸﺒﺾ  ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻭﻓﺎﺗﻪ ﺻﺪﻣﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ‪ ،‬ﱂ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﲢﻤـﻞ ﺃﺛﺮﻫـﺎ ‪،‬‬
‫ﺭﻏﻢ ﺇﳌﺎﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ  ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺑﺪﻧﻮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺩ‪‬ﻫﺶ ﻓﺨﻮﻟﻂ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﹸﻗﻌﺪ ﻓﻠﻢ‬
‫ﻳ‪‬ﻄﻖ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻋﺘ‪‬ﻘﻞ ﻟﺴﺎﻧﻪ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻄﻖ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻧﻜﺮ ﻣﻮﺗﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻠﻴـﺔ؛ﻷﻥ‬
‫ﻓﻘﺪ ﻋﺰﻳﺰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻛﺮﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺎﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﳍﲔ ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﺄﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻛـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻫﻼ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻟﻠﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺑﺄﻋﺒﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﻬﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﻋﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﳍﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﺇﻥ ﺃﹸﻋﻠﻢ ﺑﻮﻓﺎﺗﻪ ﺣﱴ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺳـﺮﻳﻌﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻣﱰﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻨﺢ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ  ﻓﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﻭﺟﻬﻪ ـ ﻭﻫﻮ‬

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‫ﻣﺘﻤﺎﻟﻚ ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻪ ـﻮﻗﺒﻠﻪ ﻗﺎﺋﻼ‪:‬ﺑﺄﰊ ﺃﻧﺖ ﻭﺃﻣﻲ ﻃﺒﺖ ﺣﻴﺎ ﻣﻴﺘﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟـﺬﻱ ﻧﻔﺴـﻲ ﺑﻴـﺪﻩ ﻻ‬
‫ﻳﺬﻳﻘﻨﻚ ﺍﷲ ﺍﳌﻮﺗﺘﲔ ﺃﺑﺪﺍ ‪.‬‬
‫ﰒ ﺧﺮﺝ ﻓﻮﺟﺪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻳﺼﻴﺢ ﺑﺎﳊﺎﺿﺮﻳﻦ ‪" :‬ﺇﻥ ﺭﺟﺎﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﻘﲔ ﻳﺰﻋﻤﻮﻥ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ  ﻗﺪ ﺗﻮﰲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ  ﻭﺍﷲ ﻣﺎ ﻣﺎﺕ "ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻌﻤﺮ‪" :‬ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ! ﺃﺭﺑﻊ‬
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‫ﻚ ‪‬ﻣﻴ‪‬ـ ‪‬‬ ‫) ﻫﻮﻥ (ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻚ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ  ﻗﺪ ﻣﺎﺕ ‪ ،‬ﺃﱂ ﺗﺴﻤﻊ ﺍﷲ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ‪ِ":‬ﺇﻧ‪‬ـ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﹾﻟﺨ‪‬ﺎِﻟﺪ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻥ" ؟ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺨ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﺃﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ِﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ٍﺮ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺒِﻠ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭِﺇ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﻴﺘ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻥ " ﻭ ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ " :‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹾﻠﻨ‪‬ﺎ ِﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﰒ ﺃﺗﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﱪ ﻓﺼﻌﺪﻩ ‪ ،‬ﻭﲪﺪ ﺍﷲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺛﲎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺃﻻ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻌﺒﺪ ﳏﻤﺪﺍ  ﻓـﺈﻥ‬
‫ﺤﻤ‪‬ـ ‪‬ﺪ‬‫ﳏﻤﺪﺍ ﻗﺪ ﻣﺎﺕ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻌﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺣﻲ ﻻ ﳝﻮﺕ ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ ":‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
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‫ﺕ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹸﻗِﺘ ﹶﻞ ﺍ‪‬ﻧ ﹶﻘﹶﻠ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋﻘﹶﺎِﺑ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﻨ ﹶﻘﻠِـ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺒِﻠ ِﻪ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺳ ﹸﻞ ﹶﺃﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮ ﹲﻝ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺧﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﺰِﻱ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻟﺸ‪‬ﺎ ِﻛﺮِﻳ ‪‬ﻦ " ﻓﺘﻠﻘﺎﻫﺎ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻨـﺎﺱ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻـﺎﺭﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻀ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﱠﻠﻪ‪ ‬ﺷ‪‬ﻴﺌﹰﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ‪‬ﻋ ِﻘ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ﹶﻓﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻳﺮﺩﺩﻭ‪‬ﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻇﻞ ﲟﻦ ﺣﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ﺧﻔﻒ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ﻫﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺟﻌﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓـﺎﺀﻭﺍ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺭﺷﺪﻫﻢ ﺑﻔﻴﺌﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺴﻮﺍﻳﺪﺭﺑﻮﻥ ﺃﻧﻔﺴﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﱪ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺍﻗﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﰲ ﺷﺌﻮ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺃﻣﺮ ﻧﻈﺮﻭﺍ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻫﻮ ) ﻣﻦ ﳜﻠﻒ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ‪،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻳﻨﻬﺾ ﺑﺎﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ  (‬
‫ﻷ‪‬ﻢ ﻛﺮﻫﻮﺍﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﻘﻮﺍ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻭﻟﻴﺴﻮﺍ ﰲ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺴﻨﺪﻭﺍ ﺃﻣﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﱂ ﻳﻨﺺ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻼﻓﺘﻪ ﺻﺮﺍﺣﺔ ﻛﻤـﺎ‬
‫ﺫﻛﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ـ ﻭﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ ـ ﱂ ﻳﻔﻬﻤﻮﺍ ﻣـﻦ ﺍﻹﺷـﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﺭﺩﺕ ﻋﻦ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﰲ ﻓﻀﻞ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺃﻫﻠﻴﺘﻪ ﻟﻠﺨﻼﻓﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻏﲑﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ ﰲ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﳍﻢ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ " ﺳﻘﻴﻔﺔ ﺑﲏ ﺳﺎﻋﺪﺓ" ﻭﺗﻨﺎﻗﺸﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻼﻑ‬
‫ﺳﻌﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺣﺠﺘﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ ‪" :‬ﻟﻜﻢ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‬
‫‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻷﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﳏﻤﺪﹰﺍ  ﻟﺒﺚ ﰲ ﻗﻮﻣﻪ ﺑﻀﻊ ﻋﺸـﺮﺓ‬
‫ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻳﺪﻋﻮﻫﻢ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﻠﻊ ﺍﻷﻧﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﻷﻭﺛﺎﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﺁﻣﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻴـﻞ‪ ،‬ﻣـﺎ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻳﻘﺪﺭﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﻌﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻋﺰﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﻨﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺿﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺑﻜـﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﺳﺎﻕ ﺇﻟﻴﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍﻣﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺯﻗﻜﻢ ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺑﺮﺳﻮﻟﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻨـﻊ ﻟـﻪ ﻭﻷﺻـﺤﺎﺑﻪ ‪،‬‬

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‫ﻭﺍﻹﻋﺰﺍﺯ ﻟﻪ ﻭﻟﺪﻳﻨﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳉﻬﺎﺩ ﻷﻋﺪﺍﺋﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﻨﺘﻢ ﺃﺷﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪﻭﻩ ‪ ،‬ﺣـﱴ ﺍﺳـﺘﻘﺎﻣﺖ‬
‫ﺽ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻜﻢ ﻗﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﲔ "‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ‪...‬ﻭﺗﻮﻓﺎﻩ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻋﻨﻜﻢ ﺭﺍ ٍ‬
‫ﰒ ﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ ﺃﺳﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻀﲑ ﻓﺄﺗﻰ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ؛ ﻟﻴﻌﺮﺽ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺟﻬﺔ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ ﻫﺬﻩ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻮﺟﺪﻩ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺟﺮﻭﻥ ‪ -‬ﺃﻭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ – ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺃﺧﱪﻩ ﲞﱪ ﺍﻷﻧﺼـﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﳌﻦ ﺣﻮﻟﻪ ‪ " :‬ﺍﻧﻄﻠﻘﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺇﺧﻮﺍﻧﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﳍﻢ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﻖ ﻧﺼﻴﺒﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓـﺬﻫﺒﻮﺍ‬
‫ﺣﱴ ﺃﺗﻮﻫﻢ " ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻋﺰﻣﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻭﺟﻬﺔ ﻧﻈﺮﻫﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ " :‬ﺃﻧﺘﻢ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻌﺸﺮ ﺍﻷﻧﺼـﺎﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻻ ﻳﻨﻜﺮ ﻓﻀﻠﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺘﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﺭﺿﻴﻜﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻧﺼﺎﺭﹰﺍ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﻪ ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻼ ﺇﻻ ﻭﺃﻧﺘﻢ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻫﻞ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻌﻞ ﺇﻟﻴﻜﻢ ﻫﺠﺮﺗﻪ ‪، ...‬ﻭﺇﻧﻜﻢ ﻻ ﺗﺬﻛﺮﻭﻥ ﻣﻨﻜﻢ ﻓﻀ ﹰ‬
‫ﰒ ﺑﲔ ﳍﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻛﻔﻴﻠﺔ ﲜﻌﻞ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﲟﺎ ﺟﻠﺒﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻋﺼﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻦ ﺗﺮﺿﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺪﻳﻦ ﻷﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ‪ ،‬ﻗﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ  ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﺵ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ‪ " :‬ﻣﻨﺎ ﺃﻣ ‪‬ﲑ ﻭﻣﻨﻜﻢ ﺃﻣﲑ " ﻓﺎﺣﺘﺞ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺼﺢ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺃﻣﲑﺍﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺣﺬﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ )ﺃﻱ ﻋﻤﺮ( "‪:‬ﻫﻴﻬـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻻ ﳚﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﺛﻨﺎﻥ ﰲ ﻗﺮﻥ! ﻭﺍﷲ ﻻ ﺗﺮﺿﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺆﻣﺮﻛﻢ ﻭﻧﺒﻴﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑﻛـﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﲤﺘﻨـﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻮﱄ ﺃﻣﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﺓ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺄﻋﺎﺩ ﺃﺑﻮﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ ﺑﻔﻀﻠﻬﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻭﲟﺎ ﻏﺎﺏ ﻋﻦ ﺫﻫﻨﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺷﺄﻥ ﺍﳋﻼﻓـﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ " ‪ :‬ﻟﻘﺪ ﻋﻠﻤﺘﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻟﻮ ﺳﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﺩﻳﹰﺎ ﻭﺳﻠﻜﺖ ﺍﻷﻧﺼـﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﺩﻳـﹰﺎ‬
‫ﺳﻠﻜﺖ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻘﺪ ﻋﻠﻤﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻭﺃﻧﺖ ﻗﺎﻋﺪ ‪ :‬ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﻭﻻﺓ‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ‪ ،‬ﻓﱪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺗﺒﻊ ﻟﱪﻫﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﺎﺟﺮﻫﻢ ﺗﺒﻊ ﻟﻔﺎﺟﺮﻫﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺳﻌﺪ ‪ :‬ﺻﺪﻗﺖ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻨﺤﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺭﺍﺀ ﻭﺃﻧﺘﻢ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺀ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ‪ :‬ﻧﻌﻢ"‪ ...‬ﻻ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺗﻮﻥ ﲟﺸﻮﺭﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﻘﻀﻲ ﺩﻭﻧﻜـﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ‪"..‬‬
‫ﻭﺯﺍﺩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ ‪:‬ﻳﺎ ﻣﻌﺸﺮ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ ﺇﻧﻜﻢ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺼﺮ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﺗﻜﻮﻧﻮﺍ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺪﻝ ﻭﻏـﲑ!‬
‫ﻓﻘﺎﻡ ﺑﺸﲑ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺑﺸﲑ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﻣﻌﺸﺮ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ ! ﺇﻧﺎ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﻨـﺎ ﺃﻭﱄ‬
‫ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺟﻬﺎﺩ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻛﲔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺭﺩﻧﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺭﺿﻰ ﺭﺑﻨﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻃﺎﻋﺔ ﻧﺒﻴﻨﺎ‬

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‫ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺪﺡ ﻷﻧﻔﺴﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻧﺴﺘﻄﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻧﺒﺘﻐﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟـﺪﻧﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻻ ﺇﻥ‬
‫ﳏﻤﺪﺍﹰ‪ ، ،‬ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﻭﻗﻮﻣﻪ ﺃﻭﱃ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﱘ ﺍﷲ ﻻ ﻳﺮﺍﱐ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻧﺎﺯﻋﻬﻢ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓـﺎﺗﻘﻮﺍ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﲣﺎﻟﻔﻮﻫﻢ ﻭﻻ ﺗﻨﺎﺯﻋﻮﻫﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﰒ ﺃﻋﻠﻨﻮﺍ ﺑﻴﻌﺘﻬﻢ ﲨﻴﻌﺎ ﻷﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺍﳌﺆﺛﺮﺓ ‪ " :‬ﺃﻧﺸﺪﻛﻢ ﺑﺎﷲ‪ ،‬ﻫﻞ ﺃﹸﻣﺮ‬
‫ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺱ؟ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﻧﻌﻢ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﺄﻳﻜﻢ ﺗﻄﻴﺐ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺰﻳﻠﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻣـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻗﺎﻣﻪ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ؟ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪ :‬ﻛﻠﻨﺎ ﻻ ﺗﻄﻴﺐ ﺃﻧﻔﺴﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻧﺴﺘﻐﻔﺮ ﺍﷲ!‪.‬ﻭﻳﺸﻌﺮ ﻋﻨـﺪﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﺜﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﻌﺔ ﻓﻴﻘﻮﻝ " ﺃﻧﺖ ﻳﺎ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺃﻗﻮﻯ ﳍﺎ ﻣﲎ ‪ ،‬ﻓﲑﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻟﻚ ﻗـﻮﺗﻰ ﻣـﻊ‬
‫ﻗﻮﺗﻚ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﺪﺙ ﻛﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻭﻓﺎﺓ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺟﻠﺲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ ؛ ﻟﻴﺄﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺋﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺗﺘﻪ ﻭﻓﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﳎﻤﻌﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻴﻌﺘﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺪﻳﻦ ‪،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺳﺌﻞ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳـﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﺷﻬﺪﺕ ﻭﻓﺎﺓ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ  ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻧﻌﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻓﻤﱴ ﺑﻮﻳﻊ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻳﻮﻡ ﻣـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻘﻴﻞ ﻟﻪ ‪ :‬ﻫﻞ ﺧﺎﻟﻒ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﺣﺪ ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺇﻻ ﻣﺮﺗﺪ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻦ ﻗـﺪ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺗﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﺯﻋﻢ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﺍﻣﺘﻨﻊ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻴﻌﺘﻪ ﰒ ﺑﺎﻳﻌﻪ ﻣﻜﺮﻫﺎ ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻛـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻳﻄﻤﻊ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻓﺘﺮﺍﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺭﻋﲔ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻴﻌﺘﻪ ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺍﻏﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻓﻦ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺼﱪ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻌﻮﺩ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻴﺘﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻐﲑ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻼﺑﺴﻪ ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺟـﺎﺀ ﰲ‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﻱ ‪ :‬ﳌﺎ ﲰﻊ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺧﺮﺝ ﰲ ﻗﻤﻴﺺ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺇﺯﺍﺭ ﻭﻻ ﺭﺩﺍﺀ ؛ ﻋﺠ ﹰ‬
‫ﺣﱴ ﺑﺎﻳﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺍﺳﺘﺪﻋﻰ ﺇﺯﺍﺭﻩ ﻭﺭﺩﺍﺀﻩ ﻓﺘﺠﻠﻠﻪ‪ ).‬ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻞ ﻭﺍﳌﻠﻮﻙ ‪ :‬ﺝ ‪ / ٢‬ﺹ ‪(١١٩‬‬
‫ﻭﳌﺎ ﺳﺌﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻦ ﺧﻼﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ " :‬ﻗﺪ‪‬ﻡ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ  ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻓﺼﻠﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻨـﺎﺱ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﱐ ﻟﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﻏﲑ ﻏﺎﺋﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﱐ ﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺮﻳﺾ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺪﻣﲏ ﻟﻘﺪﻣﲏ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﺿـﻴﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎﻧﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺿﻴﻪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﻨﺎ " )ﺃﺳﺪ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺑﺔ ‪:‬ﺝ ‪ / ٢‬ﺹ ‪.(١٤٩‬‬
‫ﺑﺘﻠﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﲤﺖ ﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻠﻤﲔ ‪ ،‬ﻟﺘﻌﻠﻦ ﻟﻠﻨﺎﺱ ﺃﲨﻌﲔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ‬
‫ﻻﺑﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺧﲑ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺃﺭﺟﺤﻬﻢ ﻋﻘﻼ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻗﺪﺭﻫﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻮﱄ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﻌـﺎﺕ ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﻧﻔـﺲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻫﻢ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﳊﻖ ﰲ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻩ ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻳﻔﺮﺿﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﻬﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﺘﻪ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺠﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ ـ ﳑﻦ ﻳﺮﻭﻥ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺰﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻋﻴﺒﺎ ـ ﻳﻌﻴﺒﻮﻥ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺟﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ ﺗﻌﺪﺩ ﺁﺭﺍﺋﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻔﻘﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﺃﻥ ﻫـﺬﺍ‬
‫ﻫﻮ ﻗﻤﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻨﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺃﻧﺼﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﳝﻘﺮﺍﻃﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﺮﻳﺔ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﻴﺶ ﺃﺳﺎﻣﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺟ‪‬ﻪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ --‬ﺃﺳﺎﻣﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺪ ﰲ ﺳﺒﻌﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﺍﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﻧﺰﻝ ﺑـﺬﻱ ‪‬ﺧﺸ‪‬ـﺐ‬
‫‪-‬ﻭﺍﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﲑﺓ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ -‬ﹸﻗﺒِﺾ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ --‬ﻭﺍﺭﺗﺪ‪‬ﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮﺍ ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺩ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ‪ ،‬ﺗ‪‬ﻮﺟ‪‬ﻪ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﱃ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﻭﻗﺪ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺗﺪﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ؟!‬
‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﻫﻮ ﻟﻮ ﺟﺮ‪‬ﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﺏ ﺑﺄﺭﺟﻞ ﺃﺯﻭﺍﺝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ --‬ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺩﺩ‪‬ﺕ‬
‫ﺟﻴﺸﹰﺎ ﻭﺟ‪‬ﻬﻪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻻ ﺣﻠﻠﺖ ﻋﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻮﺟ‪‬ﻪ ﺃﺳﺎﻣﺔ ﻓﺠﻌﻞ ﻻ ﳝـﺮ ﺑﻘﺒﻴـﻞ‬
‫ﻳﺮﻳﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﻻﺭﺗﺪﺍﺩ ﺇﻻ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ ‪ ):‬ﻟﻮﻻ ﺃﻥ ﳍﺆﻻﺀ ﻗﻮ‪‬ﺓ ﻣﺎ ﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻨﺪﻫﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜـﻦ‬
‫ﻧﺪﻋﻬﻢ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻠﻘﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ (‬
‫ﻓﻠﻘﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﻓﻬﺰﻣﻮﻫﻢ ﻭﻗﺘﻠﻮﻫﻢ ﻭﺭﺟﻌﻮﺍ ﺳﺎﳌﲔ ﻓﺜﺒﺘﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻭﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﻭﻓـﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﺳـﻮﻝ ‪ --‬ﺍﺭﺗﺪﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻭﻣﻨﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺧﺘﻠـﻒ ﺭﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﺼـﺤﺎﺑﺔ‬
‫ﰲ ﻗﺘﺎﳍﻢ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻜﻠﻤﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮﺣﻴـﺪ ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ‪ :‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﻘﺎﺗﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗـﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻗﺎﺗﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻘﻮﻟﻮﺍ ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﻫﺎ ﻋﺼـﻤﻮﺍ‬
‫ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ : --‬ﺃﹸﻣﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﻨ‪‬ﻲ ﺩﻣﺎﺀَﻫﻢ ﻭﺃﻣﻮﺍﳍﻢ ﺇﻻ ﲝﻘﻬﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺴﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ؟!‬
‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ﺣ ‪‬ﻖ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﻷﻗﺎﺗﻠﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺮ‪‬ﻕ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﻟﻮ ﻣﻨﻌﻮﱐ ‪‬ﻋﻨ‪‬ﺎﻗﹰﺎ ﻛـﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻳ‪‬ﺆﺩ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ـﺎ ﺍﱃ‬
‫ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ --‬ﻟﻘﺎﺗﻠﺘﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﻌﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻧﺼﺐ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﻭﺟﻬﻪ ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ﺣﺎﺳﺮﹰﺍ ﻣﺸﻤ‪‬ﺮﹰﺍ ﺣﱴ ﺭﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﻞ ﺍﱃ ﺭﺃﻳﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ‬
‫ﳝﺖ ﺣﱴ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺪﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺟﻴﻮﺵ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ‬

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‫ﻭﳌﹼﺎ ﻓﺮﻍ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ‪-‬ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ -‬ﻣﻦ ﻗﺘﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﻌﺚ ﺃﺑﺎ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ ﺍﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻭﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑـﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻻ ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﰲ ﺣﺮﻭﺏ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻮﺣﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺣﺪ ﳑﻦ ﺍﺭﺗ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻮﺡ ﺇﻻ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻼﻑ ﻋﻤﺮ‬
‫ﻋﻘﺪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺿﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻮﰲ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻟﻌﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﻋﻘﺪ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﳌـﺎ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺪ ﻟﻪ ﺩﻋﺎ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻮﻑ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺧﱪﱐ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻫﻮ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺃﻳﻚ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺟﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻏﻠﻈﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ‪ :‬ﺫﻟﻚ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻳﺮﺍﱐ ﺭﻗﻴﻘﹰﺎ ﻭﻟﻮ ﺃﻓﻀﻰ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻟﺘﺮﻙ ﻛﺜﲑﹰﺍ ﳑﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﺎ ﺃﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﳏﻤﺪ ﻗﺪ ﺭﻣﻘﺘﻪ ﻓﺮﺃﻳﺘﲏ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻏﻀﺒﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ‪ ،‬ﺃﺭﺍﱐ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻟﻨﺖ ﺃﺭﺍﱐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺪﺓ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺗﺬﻛﺮ ﻳﺎ ﺃﺑﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ ﳑﺎ ﻗﻠﺖ ﻟﻚ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻧﻌﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺩﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻃﻠﺤﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻔﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻳﻠﻘﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻭﺃﻧﺖ ﻣﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﻴﻒ ﺑﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺧﻼ ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻧﺖ ﻻﻕ ﺭﺑﻚ ﻓﺴﺎﺋﻠﻚ ﻋﻦ ﺭﻋﻴﺘﻚ؟‬
‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻀﻄﺠﻌﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﺟﻠﺴﻮﱐ‪ .‬ﻓﺄﺟﻠﺴﻮﻩ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻄﻠﺤﺔ‪" :‬ﺃﺑﺎﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﺗﻔﺮﻗﲏ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﹼﻪ‬
‫ﲣﻮﻓﲏ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻟﻘﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﺭﰊ ﻓﺴﺎﺀﻟﲏ ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻔﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻫﻠﻚ ﺧﲑ ﺃﻫﻠﻚ"؟‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺷﺮﻑ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻈﲑﺗﻪ ﻭﺃﲰﺎﺀ ﺑﻨﺖ ﻋﻤﻴﺲ ﳑﺴﻜﺘﻪ ﻣﻮﺷﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪:‬‬
‫"ﺃﺗﺮﺿﻮﻥ ﲟﻦ ﺃﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ ﻓﺈﱐ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻟﻮﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻭﻟﻴﺖ ﺫﺍ ﻗﺮﺍﺑـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﱐ ﻗﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻔﺖ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﻓﺎﲰﻌﻮﺍ ﻟﻪ ﻭﺃﻃﻴﻌﻮﺍ‬
‫ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪" :‬ﲰﻌﻨﺎ ﻭﺃﻃﻌﻨﺎ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﻋﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺧﺎﻟﻴﹰﺎ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﺍﻛﺘﺐ‪" :‬ﺑﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻬﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ‬
‫ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻗﺤﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ .‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ" ﰒ ﺃﻏﻤﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﺬﻫﺐ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ .‬ﻓﻜﺘﺐ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‪" :‬ﺃﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﺈﱐ ﺃﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﻭﱂ ﺁﻟﻜﻢ ﺧﲑﹰﺍ"‬
‫ﰒ ﺃﻓﺎﻕ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺍﻗﺮﺃ ﻋﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﻓﻘﺮﺃ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻜﺒ‪‬ﺮ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪:‬‬
‫"ﺃﺭﺍﻙ ﺧﻔﺖ ﺃﻥ ﳜﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺇﻥ ﻣﺖ ﰲ ﻏﺸﻴﱵ"‪.‬‬

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‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻧﻌﻢ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺟﺰﺍﻙ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﺧﲑﹰﺍ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﺃﻫﻠﻪ" ﻭﺃﻗﺮﻫﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ‪ .‬ﻓﺄﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺮﻯ ﻭﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﺧﲑ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺘﻮﱃ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺑﻌـﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻣﻊ ﺷﺪﺗﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﺎﺗﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻭﻓﺎﺓ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻹﺛﻨﲔ ‪ ٢٢‬ﲨﺎﺩﻯ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻫﺠﺮﺓ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺬﺍ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺧﻼﻓﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺳﻨﺘﲔ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻮﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻋﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﺗﺒﺪﻭ ﺿﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻌﺔ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻨﺎ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻧﻀﻊ‬
‫ﰲ ﺧﻠﺪﻧﺎ ﺍﳌﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪١‬ـ ﻗﺼﺮ ﻣﺪﺓ ﺧﻼﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ‪.‬‬
‫‪٢‬ـ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺮﻭﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﴰﻠﺖ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺰﺓ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪٣‬ـ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺭﻙ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺟﺮﺕ ﰲ ﻋﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺟﻬﺔ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪ ﺃﺭﻫﺒﺖ ﺃﻋﺪﺍﺀ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻇﻬﺮﺕ ﻗﻮﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻭﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﻌﺮ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺑﺸﻲﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻗﻀﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺪﻳﻦ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﻄﻠﻘﺖ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻮﺣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﻄﻢ ﻛﱪﻳﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺘﲔ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻳﲔ ﺍﻟﻠﺘﲔ ﻛﺎﻧﺘﺎ ﺗﻘﻔـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﰲ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺪﻋﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺴﺘﻨﻔﺮﺍﻥ ﻗﻮﺍ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻭﺍﻻﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﺍﳌﺘﻨﺼـﺮﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺷﻌﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﻪ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﻗﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺖ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺗﻮﻃﺪ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺛﺒﺖ ﻛﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻴﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺯﺍﺩ ﺷﻌﻮﺭﻩ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺳﻨﻪ ﻗﺪ ﺍﻗﺘﺮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻦ ﺣﺒﻴﺒﻪ ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﳏﻤﺪ  ﻋﻨـﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻓﺎﺭﻕ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻘﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺮﻓﻴﻖ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺷﻌﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻼﻑ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﻭﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﺪ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﳚﻨﺐ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻌﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﺷﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺃﻥ ﳜﺘﻠﻔﻮﺍ ﻭﻳﺰﻫـﺪ‬
‫ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﺐ ﺃﻫﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺒﺘﻌﺪ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺴﺘﺤﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﺪﺍﻋﻰ ﺇﱃ ﺫﻫﻨﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺣﺪﺙ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻭﻓـﺎﺓ‬
‫ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ  ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﱂ ﳜﻄﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻭﻓﺎﺓ ﻧﺒﻴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﲔ ﺛﻘﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻣﺼـﺎ‪‬ﻢ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻻ ﺑ ‪‬ﺪ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻳﻄﺒﻖ ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﷲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‪ .‬ﺇﺫﻥ ﻻ ﺑ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺳـﺘﺨﻼﻑ ﺭﺟـﻞ‬
‫ﳜﻠﻔﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺑ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻﺡ ﰲ ﺫﻫﻨﻪ ﺃﻭﻟﺌﻚ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺳـﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‬

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‫ﻳﺴﺘﺸﲑﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﱪﺕ ﰲ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﺭﺿـﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨـﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻮﺍﻗﻔـﻪ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻮﺗﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻴﺒﺘﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻮﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﻈﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻻ ﺑ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﺃﺧﺬ ﺭﺃﻳﻬﻢ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺸﺎﺭ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻟﻜﺎﻥ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺷﻌﺮ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﺎﳌﺮﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺷﺘﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺛﻘﻞ ﻓﺠﻤﻊ ﻋﺪﺩﹰﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﻓﲔ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻛـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ  ﻳﺸﺎﻭﺭﻫﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﳍﻢ ‪ :‬ﺇﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﻧﺰﻝ ﰊ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺮﻭﻥ ﻭﻻ ﺃﻇﻨﲏ ﺇﻻ ﻣﻴﺘﺎ‬
‫ﳌﺎ ﰊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﻃﻠﻖ ﺍﷲ ﺇﳝﺎﻧﻜﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻌﱵ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣ ﹼﻞ ﻋﻨﻜﻢ ﻋﻘﺪﰐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭ ‪‬ﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ ﺃﻣﺮﻛﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓـﺄﻣﺮﻭﺍ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺣﺒﺒﺘﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻜﻢ ﺇﻥ ﺃﻣﺮﰎ ﰲ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ ﻣﲏ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺟﺪﺭ ﺃﻻ ﲣﺘﻠﻔﻮﺍ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﺎﻣﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺴﺘﻘﻢ ﳍﻢ ﺃﻣﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﳛﺎﻭﻝ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺪﻓﻊ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻭﻳﻄﻠﺒﻪ ﻷﺧﻴﻪ ﺇﺫ‬
‫ﻳﺮﻯ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺡ ﻭﺍﻷﻫﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﺭﺟﻌﻮﺍ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮﺍ ‪ :‬ﺭﺃﻳﻨﺎ ﻳﺎ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺭﺃﻳﻚ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﺄﻣﻬﻠﻮﱐ ﺣﱴ ﺃﻧﻈﺮ ﷲ ﻭﻟﺪﻳﻨﻪ ﻭﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﻋﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻮﻑ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﺃﺧﱪﱐ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ‪ :‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﻣـﺎ‬
‫ﺗﺴﺄﻟﲏ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﻣﺮﹰﺍ ﺇﻻ ﻭﺃﻧﺖ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻣﲏ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﺭﺃﻳﻚ ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﰒ ﺩﻋﺎ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺳﺮﻳﺮﺗﻪ ﺧﲑ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻼﻧﻴﺘﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻴﻨﺎ ﻣﺜﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ‪ :‬ﻳﺮﲪﻚ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﻟﻮ ﺗﺮﻛﺘﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻋﺪﻭﺗﻚ‪.‬‬
‫ﰒ ﺩﻋﺎ ﺃﺳﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻀﲑ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺳﻴﺪ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺃﻋﻠﻤﻪ ﺍﳋﲑﺓ ﺑﻌﺪﻙ‪ ،‬ﻳﺮﺿـﻰ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺮﺿﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺴﺨﻂ ﻟﻠﺴﺨﻂ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺴﺮ‪ ‬ﺧﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﻠﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻦ ﻳﻠﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺃﻗﻮﻯ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﺳﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺪ ﻭﻋﺪﺩﹰﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﳌﻬﺎﺟﺮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻠﻬﻢ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﹰﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﺑﺮﺃﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﰲ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺇﻻ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺧﺎﻑ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺪﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻋﺎﺗﺒﻪ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﻼﻓﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ‪ :‬ﻻ‬
‫ﻭﺍﷲ ﻭﻻ ﻧﻌﻤﺔ ﻋﲔ‪ ،‬ﻫﻮ ﻭﺍﷲ ﺧﲑ ﻟﻜﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﻟﻮ ﻭﻟﻴﺘﻚ ﳉﻌﻠﺖ ﺃﻧﻔﻚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﻟﺮﻓﻌـﺖ‬
‫ﻧﻔﺴﻚ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻗﺪﺭﻙ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻀﻌﻚ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﻳﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺮﺩﱐ ﻋﻦ ﺭﺃﻳﻲ ﻭﺗﻔـﺘﲏ ﰲ‬
‫ﺩﻳﲏ ؟ ﻓﻮﺍﷲ ﻟﺌﻦ ﺑﻠﻐﲏ ﺃﻧﻚ ﻋﺼﻴﺘﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺫﻛﺮﺗﻪ ﺑﺴﻮﺀ ﻷﻓﻌﻠﻦ ﻭﻷﻓﻌﻠﻦ‪ ...‬ﰒ ﺩﺧﻞ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺃﰊ‬
‫ﺑﻜﺮ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﻋﻠﻲ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﳍﻤﺎ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﻟﻌﻠﻜﻤﺎ ﺗﻘﻮﻻﻥ ﰲ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﻼﻥ ﺁﻧﻔﹰﺎ ؟‬

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 ‫ﻗﺎﻻ ‪ :‬ﻭﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻳﺎ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ؟‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺯﻋﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺃﺣﺪﺛﻜﻢ ﺇﺳﻼﻣﹰﺎ ﻭ‪....‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ‪ :‬ﺑﺌﺲ ﻟﻌﻤﺮ ﺍﷲ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﻼﻥ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺮ ﲝﻴﺚ ﳛﺐ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﺗـﻪ ﻣـﻊ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ‪ :‬ﺑﺌﺲ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺮ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻇﻨﻚ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺃﻳﻚ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﻥ ﻭﻟﻴﺘﻪ ـ ﻣـﻊ‬
‫ﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﹰﺎ ﻣﻌﻚ ـ ﳓﻈﻰ ﺑﺮﺃﻳﻪ ﻭﻧﺄﺧﺬ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻣﺾ ﳌﺎ ﺗﺮﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﻉ ﳐﺎﻃﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻓـﺈﻥ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻇﻨﻨﺖ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻠﻪ ﻋﻤﺪﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻣﺎﻻ ﺗﻈﻦ ﱂ ﺗﺮﺩ ﺇﻻ ﺍﳋﲑ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺩﺧﻞ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﻳﻌﻮﺩﻩ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺿﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻓﻮﺟﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻣﻘﻨﻌﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ‪ :‬ﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﲝﻤﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﺎﺭﺋﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﺮﺀ ﺫﺍﻙ ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻧﻌﻢ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ‬
‫‪ :‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺇﱐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻊ ﻭﳌﺎ ﻟﻘﻴﺖ ﻣﻨﻜﻢ ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺟﺮﻭﻥ ﺃﺷﺪ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﻌـﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺇﱐ ﻭﻟﻴﺖ ﺃﻣﺮﻛﻢ ﺧﲑﻛﻢ ﰲ ﻧﻔﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﻠﻜﻢ ﺭﻏﻢ ﺃﻧﻔﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺩﻭﻧﻪ ﻭﺭﺃﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ‬
‫ﻗﺪ ﺃﻗﺒﻠﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﳌﺎ ﺗﻘﺒﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﻘﺒﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ﺗﺘﺨﺬﻭﺍ ﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺍﳊﺮﻳﺮ ﻭﻧﻀﺎﺋﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺒﺎﺝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﱴ ﻳـﺄﱂ‬
‫ﺃﺣﺪﻛﻢ ﺑﺎﻻﺿﻄﺠﺎﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻑ ﺍﻷﺫﺭﰊ)‪ (١‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺄﱂ ﺃﺣﺪﻛﻢ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺣﺴـﻚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺪﺍﻥ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻧﻔﺴﻲ ﺑﻴﺪﻩ ﻷﻥ ﻳﻘﺪﻡ ﺃﺣﺪﻛﻢ ﻓﺘﻀﺮﺏ ﻋﻨﻘﻪ ﰲ ﻏﲑ ﺣﺪ‪ ،‬ﺧﲑ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﳜﻮﺽ ﻏﻤﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺃﻧﺘﻢ ﻏﺪﺍ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺿﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﳝﻴﻨﹰﺎ ﻭﴰﺎﻻﹰ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺗﻀـﻴﻌﻮﻫﻢ ﻋـﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ‪ ،‬ﻳﺎ ﻫﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺟﺮﺕ‪ ،‬ﺇﳕﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﺠﺮ)‪ .(٣‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ‪:‬ﺣﻔﻆ‬
‫ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﻳﺮﲪﻚ ﺍﷲ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻬﻴﻀﻚ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻚ‪ ،‬ﺇﳕﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﰲ ﺃﻣﺮﻙ ﺭﺟﻼﻥ ‪ :‬ﺇﻣﺎ ﺭﺟﻞ‬
‫ﺭﺃﻯ ﻣﺎ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻌﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻣﺎ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺭﺃﻯ ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﺗﺮ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻳﺸﲑ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﲟﺎ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻـﺎﺣﺒﻚ‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﲢﺐ ﺃﻭ ﻛﻤﺎ ﳛﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻧﻌﻠﻤﻚ ﺃﺭﺩﺕ ﺇﻻ ﺍﳋﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﺗﺰﻝ ﺻﺎﳊﹰﺎ ﻣﺼﻠﺤﹰﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺃﻧـﻚ ﻻ‬
‫ﺗﺄﺳﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ‪.‬‬
‫_______________‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷﺫﺭﰊ ‪ :‬ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﺫﺭﺑﻴﺠﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺻﻮﻑ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻮﻣﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺣﺴﻚ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺪﺍﻥ ‪ :‬ﻧﺒﺎﺕ ﻛﺜﲑ ﺍﻟﺸﻮﻙ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻟﺒﺠﺮ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺪﳘﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﲎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ ﺗﺒﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻈﻠﻤﺔ ﺗﱰﻝ ﺑﺎﳌﻜﺮﻭﻩ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻭﺩﺧﻞ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻋﻠﻤﻮﺍ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺸﺎﺭﺗﻪ ﰲ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺣـﺪﻫﻢ ‪ :‬ﻣـﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺖ ﻗﺎﺋﻞ ﻟﺮﺑﻚ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺳﺄﻟﻚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻼﻓﻚ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﺮﻯ ﻏﻠﻈﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﱃ ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻓﻆ ﻭﺃﻏﻠﻆ ؟ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ‪ :‬ﺃﺟﻠﺴﻮﱐ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺟﻠﺲ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﺎﺍﷲ ﲣﻮﻓﻮﻧﲏ ؟ ﺧﺎﺗﺰﻭ‪‬ﺩ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﺃﻣﺮﻛﻢ ﺑﻈﻠﻢ‪ .‬ﺃﻗﻮﻝ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺇﱐ ﻗﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻔﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻫﻠﻚ ﺧﲑ ﺃﻫﻠﻚ‪ .‬ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻠﻘﺎﺋﻞ ﺃﺑﻠـﻎ‬
‫ﻋﲏ ﻣﺎ ﻗﻠﺖ ﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺭﺍﺀﻙ‪.‬‬
‫ﰒ ﺍﺿﻄﺠﻊ ﻭﺩﻋﺎ ﺑﻌﺜﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ‪ :‬ﺍﻛﺘﺐ‪ ،‬ﺑﺴﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺩﻋﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺃﺑـﻮ‬
‫ﻼ ﻓﻴﻬـﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻗﺤﺎﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﹰﺎ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﻵﺧﺮﺓ ﺩﺍﺧ ﹰ‬
‫ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺆﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻓﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻮﻗﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺟﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺼﺪﻕ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺫﺏ‪ ،‬ﺇﱐ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﻋﻠـﻴﻜﻢ ﺑﻌـﺪﻱ ‪...‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺧﺬﺗﻪ ﻏﺸﻴﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﺃﺣﺪﹰﺍ‪ .‬ﻓﻜﺘﺐ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ‪ :‬ﺇﱐ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﻋﻠـﻴﻜﻢ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ‪ ...‬ﰒ ﺃﻓﺎﻕ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺍﻗﺮﺃ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ﻓﻘﺮﺃ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ ﺫﻛـﺮ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﱪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺃﺭﺍﻙ ﺧﻔﺖ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺬﻫﺐ ﻧﻔﺴﻲ ﰲ ﻏﺸﻴﱵ ﺗﻠﻚ ﻓﻴﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‪،‬‬
‫ﻼ‪ .‬ﰒ ﺃﻣﺮﻩ ﺃﻥ ﻳـﺘﻤﻢ ﻓـﺄﻣﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﺠﺰﺍﻙ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺧﲑﺍﹰ‪،‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺇﻥ ﻛﻨﺖ ﳍﺎ ﻷﻫ ﹰ‬
‫ﻓﺎﲰﻌﻮﺍ ﻭﺃﻃﻴﻌﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﱐ ﱂ ﺁﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﻭﺩﻳﻨﻪ ﻭﻧﻔﺴﻲ ﻭﺇﻳﺎﻛﻢ ﺧﲑﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻋﺪﻝ ﻓﺬﻟﻚ ﻇﲏ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻭﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺑﺪ‪‬ﻝ ﻓﻠﻜﻞ ﺍﻣﺮﺉ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻛﺘﺴﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳋـﲑ ﺃﺭﺩﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺃﻋﻠـﻢ ﺍﻟﻐﻴـﺐ )‬
‫ﻭﺳﻴﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻇﻠﻤﻮﺍ ﺃﻱ ﻣﻨﻘﻠﺐ ﻳﻨﻘﻠﺒﻮﻥ ( ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ ﻭﺭﲪﺔ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺑﺮﻛﺎﺗﻪ‪ .‬ﰒ ﺃﻣـﺮﻩ‬
‫ﻓﺨﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻭﺧﺮﺝ ﺑﻪ ﳐﺘﻮﻣﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻌﻪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﻭﺃﺳﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻀﲑ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﺷﺮﻑ ﺃﺑـﻮ‬
‫ﺑﻜﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻮﺗﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺇﱐ ﻗﺪ ﻋﻬﺪﺕ ﻋﻬﺪﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻓﺘﺮﺿﻮﻧﻪ ؟ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺭﺿﻴﻨﺎ ﻳﺎ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ  ﻓﻘﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻧﺮﺿـﻰ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜـﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺄﻗﺮﻭﺍ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﲨﻴﻌﹰﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﺭﺿﻮﺍ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺑﺎﻳﻌﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﻓﻊ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻠـﻬﻢ‬
‫ﺇﱐ ﱂ ﺃﺭﺩ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺇﻻ ﺻﻼﺣﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﻔﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﻠﻤﺖ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻧﺖ ﺃﻋﻠـﻢ ﺑـﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﺟﺘﻬﺪﺕ ﳍﻢ ﺭﺃﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﻟﻴﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺧﲑﻫﻢ ﻭﺃﻗﻮﺍﻫﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺣﺮﺻﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺭﺷـﺪﻫﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﺣﻀﺮﱐ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﺎ ﺣﻀﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺧﻠﻔﲏ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻢ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﻙ ﻭﻧﻮﺍﺻﻴﻬﻢ ﺑﻴﺪﻙ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺻﻠﺢ ﳍـﻢ‬

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‫ﺃﻣﲑﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺟﻌﻠﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻠﻔﺎﺋﻚ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺷﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﺒﻊ ﻫﺪﻯ ﻧﱯ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﺼـﺎﳊﲔ ﺑﻌـﺪﻩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺻﻠﺢ ﻟﻪ ﺭﻋﻴﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺩﻋﺎﻩ ﻓﺄﻭﺻﺎﻩ‪.‬‬
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‫ﻭ‪‬ﺻﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﺃﰊ ﺑ‪‬ﻜﺮ ﺭ‪‬ﺿ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋ‪‬ﻨﻪ‬
‫‪ ١‬ـ ﻳﺮﺩ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻴﺖ ﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٢‬ـ ﻳﺮﺩ ﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﳝﻠﻜﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻴﺖ ﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻋﻮﺿﹰﺎ ﻋﻤﺎ ﺃﺧﺬﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﻣﺪﺓ ﺧﻼﻓﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٣‬ـ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺼﺪﻕ ﲟﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﲬﺲ ﻣﺎ ﳝﻠﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﺒﻘﻰ ﻳﻘﺴﻢ ﺑﲔ ﺃﻭﻻﺩﻩ ﻭﻫﻢ‪:‬‬
‫ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﻭﳏﻤﺪ ﻭﺃﲰﺎﺀ ﻭﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﺎ ﺗﻀﻊ ﺣﺒﻴﺒﺔ ﺑﻨﺖ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻧﺜﻰ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﻭﺻـﻰ ‪‬ـﺎ ﺃﻭﻻﺩﻩ ﺧـﲑﹰﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻭﺿﻌﺖ ﺃﻧﺜﻰ ‪ -‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺃﻡ ﻛﻠﺜﻮﻡ ‪.(-‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻔﻦ ﺑﺜﻮﺑﻴﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻏﺴﻠﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﺃﻥ ﺗﻐﺴﻠﻪ ﺯﻭﺟﻪ ﺃﲰﺎﺀ ﺑﻨﺖ ﻋﻤﻴﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻳﺪﻓﻦ ﲜﺎﻧﺐ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪.‬‬

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 ‫@‪@ @ïãbrÛa@@szj½a‬‬
‫‪@ @éäÇ@
a@@lbШa@åi@ŠàÇ‬‬
‫@‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻫﻮ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﻭﻕ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﻔﺺ ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﺑﻦ ﻧ‪‬ﻔﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰ‪‬ﻯ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺷﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭﻱ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺪ ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻞ ﺑﺜﻼﺙ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺳﻨﺔ ) ‪ ٤٠‬ﻋﺎﻡ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳍﺠﺮﺓ ( ‪ ،‬ﻋﺮﻑ ﰲ ﺷﺒﺎﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺸـﺪﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻘـﻮﺓ‬
‫‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﺔ ﺭﻓﻴﻌـﺔ ﰲ ﻗﻮﻣﻪ ﺍﺫ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺎﺭﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﺘﺒﻌﺜــﻪ ﻗـﺮﻳﺶ‬
‫ﺭﺳﻮﻻ ﺍﺫﺍ ﻣﺎ ﻭﻗﻌﺖ ﺍﳊﺮﺏ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ ﻭ ﺑﲔ ﻏﲑﻫﻢ ﻭﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﰊ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺎﻉ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺯﻡ ﺍﳊﻜﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻮﺣﺎﺕ ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻘﺐ ﺑﺄﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ‪٠‬‬
‫ﺇﺳﻼﻣﻪ‬
‫ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺜﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻓﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳋﺒﺎﺏ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻷﺭﺕ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‬
‫ﻟﻔﺎﻃﻤﺔ ﺑﻨﺖ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﻭﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺪ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻓﺎﺟﺄﻫﻢ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄـﺎﺏ ﻣﺘﻘﻠـﺪﺍ‬
‫ﺳﻴﻔﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺧـﺮﺝ ﺑﻪ ﻟﻴﺼﻔـﻲ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﻪ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻹﺳـﻼﻡ ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﱂ ﻳﻜﺪ ﻳﺘﻠﻮ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﻄﻮﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﻔﺔ ﺣﱴ ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ ):‬ﺩﻟﻮﱐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳏﻤﺪ (‬
‫ﻭﲰﻊ ﺧﺒﺎﺏ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺨﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﳐﺒﺌﻪ ﻭﺻﺎﺡ ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﻋﻤـﺮ ﻭﺍﷲ ﺇﱐ ﻷﺭﺟﻮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺍﷲ ﻗﺪ ﺧﺼـﻚ ﺑﺪﻋـﻮﺓ ﻧﺒﻴﻪ ‪ ، --‬ﻓﺈﱐ ﲰﻌﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﻷﻣﺲ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ‪ ):‬ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺃﻳﺪ ﺍﻹﺳـﻼﻡ‬
‫ﺑﺄﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻠﲔ ﺇﻟﻴﻚ ‪ ،‬ﺃﰊ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ( ﻓﺴﺄﻟﻪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻮﺭﻩ ‪):‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻳﻦ ﺃﺟﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻵﻥ ﻳﺎ ﺧﺒﺎﺏ ؟( ﻭﺃﺟﺎﺏ ﺧﺒﺎﺏ ‪ ):‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﻔـﺎ ﰲ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻷﺭﻗـﻢ ﺑـﻦ‬
‫ﺃﰊ ﺍﻷﺭﻗـﻢ (‬
‫ﻭﻣﻀﻰ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺍﱃ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻷﺭﻗﻢ ﻓﺨﺮﺝ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ‪ --‬ﻓﺄﺧﺬ ﲟﺠﺎﻣﻊ ﺛﻮﺑﻪ ﻭﲪﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻒ‬
‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ‪ ):‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺃﻧﺖ ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻴﺎ ﻳﺎ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺣﱴ ﻳ‪‬ﱰﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﺰﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﻝ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻧﺰﻝ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑـﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻐﲑﺓ ؟ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺃﻋ ‪‬ﺰ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﻌﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ (‬
‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪ ):‬ﺃﺷﻬﺪ ﺃﻧ‪‬ﻚ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ (‬

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‫ﻭﺑﺎﺳﻼﻣﻪ ﻇﻬﺮ ﺍﻻﺳﻼﻡ ﰲ ﻣﻜﺔ ﺍﺫ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻠﺮﺳﻮﻝ ‪ -  -‬ﻭﺍﳌﺴـﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻷﺭﻗـﻢ ‪):‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺑﻌﺜﻚ ﺑﺎﳊﻖ ﻟﺘﺨﺮﺟﻦ ﻭﻟﻨﺨﺮﺟﻦ ﻣﻌﻚ (‬
‫ﻭﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﻭﻣﻌﻬﻢ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﺩﺧﻠﻮﺍ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﺍﳊﺮﺍﻡ ﻭﺻﻠﻮﺍ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﻌﺒﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﲡـﺮﺅ‬
‫ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻋﺘﺮﺍﺿﻬﻢ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻨﻌﻬﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﲰﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ‪ ) --‬ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﻭﻕ ( ﻷﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻓـﺮﻕ‬
‫ﺑﲔ ﺍﳊﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﻃﻞ‬
‫ﻟﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﻖ‬
‫ﻫﻮ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺒﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﳉﻨﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻭﺯﻫﺎﺩﻫﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﷲ ﺍﳊﻖ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﻟﺴﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﺫ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻳﱰﻝ ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﺮﺃﻳﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ‪ ):‬ﺇﻧ‪‬ﺎ ﻛﻨﺎ ﻟﻨـﺮﻯ ﺇﻥ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻛﻼﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻼﻣﻪ ﻭﺭﺃﻳﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺃﻳﻪ ( ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪ ):‬ﻣﺎﻧﺰﻝ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺃﻣـﺮ‬
‫ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﻧﺰﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺑﻮﻓﺎﻕ ﻗﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ(‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ‪-‬ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ -‬ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳـﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠـﻪ ‪ ): --‬ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻗﺒﻠﻜﻢ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﻢ ﳏﺪﺛﻮﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻳﻚ ﰲ ﺃﻣﱵ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻋﻤﺮ (‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ): -‬ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﻴﻤﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺒﻠﻜﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲏ ﺇﺳﺮﺍﺋﻴﻞ ﺭﺟﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻧﻮﺍ ﺃﻧﺒﻴﺎﺀ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﱵ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻓﻌﻤﺮ ( ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ‪-‬‬
‫ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ):-‬ﻣﻦ ﻧﱯ ﻭﻻ ﳏﺪﺙ (‬
‫ﻗﻮﺓ ﺍﳊﻖ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﻮﻳﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻖ ﻻ ﳜﺸﻰ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻟﻮﻣﺔ ﻻﺋﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺄﺫﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‬
‫‪ --‬ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﻧﺴﻮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ‪ ،‬ﻳﻜﻠﻤﻨﻪ ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻜﺜﺮﻧﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺃﺻﻮﺍ‪‬ﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻮﺗﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤـﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺄﺫﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﻗﻤﻦ ﻓﺒﺎﺩﺭﻥ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺏ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺫﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ،--‬ﻓﺪﺧﻞ ﻋﻤـﺮ‬
‫ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ --‬ﻳﻀﺤﻚ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪ ):‬ﺃﺿﺤﻚ ﺍﷲ ﺳﻨﻚ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ (‬
‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ): --‬ﻋﺠﺒﺖ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﻟﻼﰐ ﻛﻦ ﻋﻨﺪﻱ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﲰﻌﻦ ﺻـﻮﺗﻚ ﺍﺑﺘـﺪﺭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺏ (‬
‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪ ):‬ﻓﺄﻧﺖ ﺃﺣﻖ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻬﱭ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ( ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪ ):‬ﻳﺎ ﻋﺪﻭﺍﺕ ﺃﻧﻔﺴﻬﻦ ﺃ‪‬ﺒﻨﲏ‬
‫ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﱭ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪(--‬‬

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 ‫ﻓﻘﻠﻦ ‪ ):‬ﻧﻌﻢ ‪ ،‬ﺃﻧﺖ ﺃﻓﻆ ﻭﺃﻏﻠﻆ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪(--‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ): --‬ﺇﻳﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻧﻔﺴﻲ ﺑﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﺎ ﻟﻘﻴـﻚ ﺍﻟﺸـﻴﻄﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻟﻜﺎ ﻓﺠﺎ ﻗﻂ ﺇﻻ ﺳﻠﻚ ﻓﺠﺎ ﻏﲑﻓﺠﻚ (‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺷﺠﺎﻋﺘﻪ ﻭﻫﻴﺒﺘﻪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺃﻋﻠﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﻣﻊ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﳜﺮﺟﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺳﺮﺍ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻣﺘﺤﺪﻳﺎ ﳍﻢ ‪ ):‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺜﻜﻠﻪ ﺃﻣﻪ ﻭﻳﻴﺘﻢ ﻭﻟﺪﻩ ﻭﺗﺮﻣﻞ ﺯﻭﺟﺘﻪ ﻓﻠـﻴﻠﻘﲏ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺩﻱ ( ﻓﻠﻢ ﳚﺮﺅ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﻑ ﰲ ﻭﺟﻬﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺳـﻮﻝ ‪ --‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺒﲔ ﻓﻀﻞ ﻋﻤـﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﻧﺬﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﺭ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ) ﺇﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧـﻪ ﺟﻌﻞ ﺍﳊﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﺴﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﻗﻠﺒﻪ(‬
‫) ﺍﳊﻖ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﻣﻊ ﻋﻤـﺮ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻛﺎﻥ (‬
‫) ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻄﺎﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻠﻖ ﻋﻤـﺮ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﺇﻻ ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ﻟﻮﺟﻬﻪ (‬
‫) ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﻣﻠﻚ ﺇﻻ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﻮﻗﹼﺮ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺷﻴﻄﺎﻥ ﺇﻻ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﻔﺮﻕ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ (‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ‪ ): --‬ﺭﺃﻳﺘﲏ ﺩﺧﻠﺖ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺃﻧﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﻴﺼﺎﺀ ﺍﻣﺮﺃ ِﺓ ﺃﰊ ﻃﻠﺤـﺔ ﻭﲰﻌـﺖ‬
‫ﺧﺸﻔﹰﺎ ﺃﻣﺎﻣﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﺎ ﺟﱪﻳﻞ ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺑﻼﻝ‬
‫ﻭﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﻗﺼﺮﺍ ﺃﺑﻴﺾ ﺑﻔﻨﺎﺋﻪ ﺟﺎﺭﻳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ‪ :‬ﳌﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺮ ؟‬
‫ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ ‪ :‬ﻟﻌﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺭﺩﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺩﺧﻠﻪ ﻓﺄﻧﻈﺮ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺬﻛﺮﺕ ﻏﻴ‪‬ﺮﺗﻚ ( ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪):‬‬
‫ﺑﺄﰊ ﻭﺃﻣﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺃﻏﺎﺭ !(‬
‫ﱭ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸﺮﺑﺖ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺣـﱴ ﺇﻧ‪‬ـﻲ ﻷﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ‪ ): --‬ﺑﻴ‪‬ﻨﺎ ﺃﻧﺎ ﻧﺎﺋﻢ ﺇﺫ ﺃﺗﻴﺖ ﺑﻘﺪﺡ ﻟ ٍ‬
‫ﻱ ﳚﺮﻱ ﰲ ﺃﻇﻔﺎﺭﻱ ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺃﻋﻄﻴﺖ ﻓﻀ‪‬ﻠﻲ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ (‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ ‪ ):‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﺃﻭ‪‬ﻟﺘﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ؟( ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ ):‬ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ (‬
‫ﺺ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣـﺎ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ‪ ): --‬ﺑﻴﻨﺎ ﺃﻧﺎ ﻧﺎﺋﻢ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻳﻌﺮﺿﻮﻥ ﻋﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻗﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺽ ﻋﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﻤـﻴﺺ‬
‫ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﺍﻟﺜﺪﻱ ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﺃﺳﻔﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ِﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﳚ ‪‬ﺮﻩ (‬
‫ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ ‪ ):‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﺃﻭ‪‬ﻟﺘﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ؟( ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ ):‬ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ (‬

‫‬
 ‫ﺧﻼﻓﺔ ﻋﻤﺮ‬
‫ﺭﻏﺐ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ‪-‬ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ -‬ﰲ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﻗﻮﻳﺔ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲢﻤﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌـﺪﻩ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﲡﻪ ﺭﺃﻳﻪ ﳓﻮ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﺃﻧﺼـﺎﺭﺍ‬
‫ﻓﺄﺛﻨﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺧﲑﺍ ﻭﳑﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﻪ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ ‪ ):‬ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺳﺮﻳﺮﺗﻪ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻼﻧﻴﺘﻪ‬
‫‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻴﻨﺎ ﻣﺜﻠﻪ ( ﻭﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﺸﻮﺭﺓ ﻭﺣﺮﺻﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﺴـﻠﻤﲔ ﻭﺭﻋﺎﻳـﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺼﻠﺤﺘﻬﻢ‬
‫ﺃﻭﺻﻰ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﲞﻼﻓﺔ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻭﺿﺢ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻩ ﻗﺎﺋﻼ ‪):‬ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺍﱐ ﱂ‬
‫ﺃﺭﺩ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻻ ﺻﻼﺣﻬﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﻔﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻨﺔ ﻓﻌﻤﻠﺖ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﲟﺎ ﺃﻧﺖ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺟﺘﻬﺪﺕ ﳍﻢ‬
‫ﺭﺃﻳﺎ ﻓﻮﻟﻴﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺧﲑﻫﻢ ﻭﺃﻗﻮﺍﻫﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ( ﰒ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﳌﺴـﺠﺪ ﺍﺫ ﺧﺎﻃـﺐ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻗﺎﺋﻼ ‪):‬ﺃﺗﺮﺿﻮﻥ ﲟﻦ ﺃﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ ؟ ﻓﻮﺍﷲ ﻣﺎ ﺁﻟﻴـﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬـﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﻱ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻴﺖ ﺫﺍ ﻗﺮﰉ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﱐ ﻗﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻔـﺖ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﻓﺎﲰﻌﻮﺍ ﻟﻪ ﻭﺃﻃﻴﻌﻮﺍ ( ﻓﺮﺩ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ‬
‫‪):‬ﲰﻌﻨﺎ ﻭﺃﻃﻌﻨﺎ( ﻭﺑﺎﻳﻌﻮﻩ ﺳﻨﺔ ) ‪ ١٣‬ﻫـ (‬
‫ﺍﳒﺎﺯﺍﺗﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮﺕ ﺧﻼﻓﺘﻪ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺳﻨﲔ ﰎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﳒﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻬﻤﺔ ﳍﺬﺍ ﻭﺻﻔﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺴـﻌﻮﺩ ‪-‬‬
‫ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ -‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ‪ ):‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﻼﻡ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﺘﺤﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﺠﺮﺗﻪ ﻧﺼﺮﺍ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺇﻣﺎﻣﺘـﻪ‬
‫ﺭﲪﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻘﺪ ﺭﺃﻳﺘﻨﺎ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻧﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺃﻥ ﻧﺼﻠﻲ ﺍﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﺣﱴ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺃﺳـﻠﻢ ﻋﻤـﺮ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺗﻠﻬﻢ ﺣﱴ ﺗﺮﻛﻮﻧﺎ ﻓﺼﻠﻴﻨﺎ( ﻓﻬﻮ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﲨﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﺳﻨﺔ )‬
‫‪ ١٤‬ﻫـ ( ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳍﺠﺮﺓ ﰲ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺭﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺳﻨﺔ ) ‪ ١٦‬ﻫــ ( ‪،‬‬
‫ﺲ ﰲ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻔﻘﺪ ﺭﻋﻴﺘﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻭﺍﺿﻊ ﺍﳋﺮﺍﺝ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻧـﻪ ﻣﺼ‪‬ــﺮ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﺼﺎﺭ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻘﻀـﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻀـﺎﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻭﻳـﻦ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﺮﺽ ﺍﻷﻋﻄﻴـﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺞ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬
‫ﻋﺸﺮ ِﺣﺠ‪‬ـ ٍﺞ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﻟﻴـﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺞ ﺑﺄﻣﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﰲ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺣﺠﺔ ﺣﺠﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻫﺪﻡ ﻣﺴﺠﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ‪ --‬ﻭﺯﺍﺩ ﻓﻴﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺩﺧﻞ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﻓﻴﻤـﺎ ﺯﺍﺩ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻭﺳ‪‬ﻌﻪ ﻭﺑﻨﺎﻩ ﳌﹼﺎ ﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﺎﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻟﻘﻰ ﺍﳊﺼﻰ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﻱ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘـﺪ‬

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‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﻓﻌﻮﺍ ﺭﺅﻭﺳﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻮﺩ ﻧﻔﻀﻮﺍ ﺃﻳﺪﻳﻬﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻣﺮ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﺎﳊﺼﻰ ﻓﺠﻲﺀ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻴﻖ ‪ ،‬ﻓ‪‬ﺒﺴِﻂ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺠﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ‪-‬ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ‪-‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ‪-‬ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ -‬ﻫﻮ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﻴﻬﻮﺩ ﻭﺃﺟﻼﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﺍﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺃﻫﻞ ﳒﺮﺍﻥ ﻭﺃﻧﺰﳍﻢ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻮﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺧﻼﻓﺘﻪ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ﰒ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺳﻴﺔ ﺣﱴ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﱃ ﲪـﺺ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻠـﻮﻻﺀ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﻫﺎﺀ ﻭﺣﺮ‪‬ﺍﻥ ﻭﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﲔ ﻭﺍﳋﺎﺑﻮﺭ ﻭﻧﺼﻴﺒﲔ ﻭﻋﺴﻘﻼﻥ ﻭﻃﺮﺍﺑﻠﺲ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﺲ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺫ ﹼﻝ ﻟﻮﻃﺄﺗﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﻞ ﻭﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺱ ﻭ‪‬ﺑﻴ‪‬ﺴﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﲑﻣﻮﻙ ﻭﺍﳉﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻫﻮﺍﺯ ﻭﺍﻟﱪﺑﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺒ‪‬ﺮﹸﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﻠﻮﻙ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﻭﻋ‪‬ﺘﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﺣﱴ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ‪ ):‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺩﺭ‪‬ﺓ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺃﻫﻴﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺳـﻴﻒ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺝ (‬
‫‪‬ﻫﻴ‪‬ـ‪‬ﺒﺘِـﻪ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺍﺿﻌﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺑﻠﻎ ‪-‬ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ -‬ﻣﻦ ﻫﻴﺒﺘﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺗﺮﻛﻮﺍ ﺍﳉﻠﻮﺱ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻓﻨﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺼـﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺭﺃﻭﻩ ﻭﻫﻢ ﻳﻠﻌﺒﻮﻥ ﻓﺮ‪‬ﻭﺍ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﺃﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺟﺒ‪‬ﺎﺭﺍ ﻭﻻ ﻣﺘﻜﺒ‪‬ﺮﺍ ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺣﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ ﺑﻞ ﺯﺍﺩ ﺗﻮﺍﺿﻌﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺴﲑ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﺣﺮﺱ ﻭﻻ ‪‬ﺣﺠ‪‬ـﺎﺏ ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻐـﺮ‪‬ﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻭﱂ ﺗﺒﻄﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺸﻬﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺑﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻭﺍﺳﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮ‪ ،‬ﳜﺸﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻹِﺳﻼﻣﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻮﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﳜﺎﻑ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﻧﺲ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻏﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻀﻴﻊ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺎﺑﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺁﺭﺍﺀ ﻣﺘﺒﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺑﺎﻻﺧﺘﻼﻁ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻜﺜﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻹِﺳﺎﺀﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻘﻮﻣﺎﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﳜﺸـﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘـﻮﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺄﺗﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍ‪‬ﻮﺱ ﻭﺳﱯ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ ﺑﺄﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻳﺮﻳﺪﻭﻥ ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ـﺪﱘ ﺍﻟﻜﻴـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹِﺳﻼﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﳍﺬﺍ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻣﻨﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺣﺘﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺩﺧﻮﻝ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻋﺪﺩﹰﺍ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺩﺍﻟﺖ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻬﻢ ﻗﺪ ﺃﻇﻬﺮﻭﺍ ﺍﻹِﺳﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﺧﻠﻮﺍ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﺰﺍﻝ ﻋﻨـﺪﻫﻢ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺍﺳﺐ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ﺻﻼﺕ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺑﻌﻘﻴﺪ‪‬ﻢ ﺍ‪‬ﻮﺳﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﲝﻜﻮﻣﺘﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺴـﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺃ‪‬ﻢ ﺃﻇﻬﺮﻭﺍ ﺍﻹِﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﺃﺑﻄﻨﻮﺍ ﺍ‪‬ﻮﺳﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻃﻠﺐ ﺍﳌﻐﲑﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺷﻌﺒﺔ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴـﻤﺢ ﻟﻐﻼﻣـﻪ‬
‫)ﻓﲑﻭﺯ( ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺪﻋﻰ )ﺃﺑﺎ ﻟﺆﻟﺆﺓ( ﺑﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺣﻴـﺚ ﻫـﻮ‬
‫ﺭﺟﻞ ﻣﺎﻫﺮ ﳚﻴﺪ ﻋﺪﺩﹰﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻔﻴﺪ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﻭﲣﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺣـﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﻧﻘـﺎﺵ‬
‫ﻭﳒﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺫﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻟﺆﻟﺆﺓ ﺧﺒﻴﺜﹰﺎ ﻣﺎﻛﺮﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻳﻀﻤﺮ ﺣﻘﺪﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻨﻮﻱ ﺷﺮﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﳛـﻦ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍ‪‬ﻮﺳﻴﺔ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺇﻇﻬﺎﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺄﺧﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﻻ ﳝﻜﻨﻪ ﺇﺑﺪﺍﺀﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺴﱯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻐﺎﺭ ﻳﺄﰐ ﻓﻴﺴﻤﺢ ﺭﺅﻭﺳﻬﻢ ﻭﻳﺒﻜﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻝ ‪ :‬ﺃﻛﻞ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻛﺒﺪﻱ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻟﺆﻟﺆﺓ ﻳﺘﺤﲔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺮﺍﻗﺐ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻭﺃﻓﻌﺎﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺒﺪﻭ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﻭﺟﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺼـﻼﺓ‬
‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻷﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﺧﺬﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﻔﻠﺔ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻐﺪﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻬـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻣﺮ ﺑﲔ ﺻﻔﻮﻑ ﺍﳌﺼﻠﲔ ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺍﺳﺘﻮﻭﺍ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ﻳﺮ ﻓﻴﻬـﺎ‬
‫ﻼ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﻓﻜﱪ ﻭﺩﺧﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪.‬‬‫ﺧﻠ ﹰ‬
‫ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺻﻼﺓ ﻓﺠﺮ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻱ ﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺸـﺮﻳﻦ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﻫﺠﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺼﻄﻔﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻌﻞ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻛﻌﺎﺩﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻛﱪ ﺣﱴ‬
‫ﲰ‪‬ﻊ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ‪ :‬ﻗﺘﻠﲏ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻃﻌﻨﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻟﺆﻟﺆﺓ ﺳﺖ ﻃﻌﻨﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﺞ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﻮﻑ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﻴﺪﻩ ﺳﻜﲔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻃﺮﻓﲔ ﻻ ﳝﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺣﺪ ﳝﻴﻨﹰﺎ ﺃﻭ ﴰﺎ ﹰﻻ ﺇﻻ ﻃﻌﻨﻪ ﺣﱴ ﻃﻌﻦ ﺛﻼﺛـﺔ ﻋﺸـﺮ‬
‫ﻼ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻒ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺭﺃﻯ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻮﻑ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻘﻰ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬
‫ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻧﺴﹰﺎ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺣﺲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻟﺆﻟﺆﺓ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﺄﺧﻮﺫ ﻻ ﳏﺎﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺃﻗﺪﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻜﲔ ﺫﺍ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺟﺎﺀ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﻟﲑﻯ ﻣﺎ ﺣﻞ ﺑﺎﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻓﻮﺟﺪﻩ ﺻﺮﻳﻌﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻠﺤﻔﺔ ﺻﻔﺮﺍﺀ ﻗﺪ ﻭﺿـﻌﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺮﺣﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﰲ ﺧﺎﺻﺮﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻝ ‪) :‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﻗﺪﺭﹰﺍ ﻣﻘﺪﻭﺭﹰﺍ(‪ .‬ﻭﺃﺧﺬ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻴـﺪ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﻓﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﻟﻠﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻘﺪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﻋﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻨـﺎﺱ‬
‫ﺻﻼﺓ ﺧﻔﻴﻔﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺭﺃﻯ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻘﺮﺑﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﻧـﺎ ﰲ ﻧـﻮﺍﺣﻲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﻓﺈ‪‬ﻢ ﱂ ﻳﻌﺮﻓﻮﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺍﻓﺘﻘﺪﻭﺍ ﺻﻮﺕ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺠﻌﻠﻮﺍ ﻳﻘﻮﻟﻮﻥ ‪ :‬ﺳـﺒﺤﺎﻥ ﺍﷲ‬
‫‪ ...‬ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻥ ﺍﷲ‪ ...‬ﺣﱴ ﺻﻠﻰ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﻓﺎﻧﻘﻄﻊ ﺻﻮﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺒﻴﺢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺃﻓﺎﻕ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺃﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ؟ ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﱂ ﻳﻨﻘﻄﻊ ﺗﻔﻜﲑﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﳑﺎ ﺣﻞ‬
‫ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ‪ :‬ﻧﻌﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺇﺳﻼﻡ ﳌﻦ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ .‬ﰒ ﺩﻋﺎ ﺑﻮﺿﻮﺀ ﻓﺘﻮﺿﺄ ﻭﺻﻠﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺟﺮﺣﻪ ﻟﻴﱰﻑ‪.‬‬
‫ﰒ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻴﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻻﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ‪ -‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻌﻪ ‪ : -‬ﺍﺧﺮﺝ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻗـﺘﻠﲏ‪ ،‬ﻓﺨـﺮﺝ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻴﻞ ﻟﻪ ﻃﻌﻨﻪ ﻋﺪﻭ ﺍﷲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻟﺆﻟﺆﺓ ﻏﻼﻡ ﺍﳌﻐﲑﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺷﻌﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻃﻌﻦ ﺭﻫﻄﹰﺎ ﻣﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺮﺟﻊ ﻭﺃﺧﱪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﱂ ﳚﻌﻞ ﻗﺎﺗﻠﻲ ﳛـﺎﺟﲏ ﻋﻨـﺪ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﺑﺴﺠﺪﺓ ﺳﺠﺪﻫﺎ ﻟﻪ ﻗﻂ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺧﺸﻲ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺫﻧﺐ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻻ ﻳﻌﻠﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻃﻌﻦ ﻣـﻦ ﺃﺟﻠـﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺪﻋﺎ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ‪ :‬ﺃﺣﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻌﻠﻢ ﱄ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻓﺨﺮﺝ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﰒ ﺭﺟﻊ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣـﲑ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ ﺃﺗﻴﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻸ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺇﻻ ﻳﺒﻜﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺄﳕﺎ ﻓﻘﺪﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺃﺑﻨﺎﺀﻫﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺟﻲﺀ ﻟﻪ ﺑﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ ﻓﺴﻘﺎﻩ ﻟﺒﻨﹰﺎ ﻓﺨﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﻠﱭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺮﺡ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻋﺘﻘﺪ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﻨﺘﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺍﻋﻬﺪ‪ .‬ﻓﺒﻜﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻡ ﳌﺎ ﲰﻌﻮﺍ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺗﺒﻜﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻛﻴﹰﺎ ﻓﻠﻴﺨﺮﺝ‪ ،‬ﺃﱂ ﺗﺴﻤﻌﻮﺍ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ  ‪ :‬ﻳﻌﺬﺏ ﺍﳌﻴﺖ ﺑﺒﻜﺎﺀ ﺃﻫﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﳜﺸﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻗﺎﺩﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﳌﺆﻣﻦ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳋﻮﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺨـﺎﻑ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻗﺪ ﻗﺼﺮ ﲝﻖ ﺍﻟﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﳌﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺣﺎﺿﺮﹰﺍ "ﻭﻣـﺎ ﺃﺻـﺒﺤﺖ‬
‫ﺃﺧﺎﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻲ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺈﻣﺎﺭﺗﻜﻢ ﻫﺬﻩ"‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻄﻤﺌﻨﻪ‬
‫ﻭﳜﻔﻒ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺬﻛﺮﻩ ﲟﻜﺎﻧﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ  ﻭﻋﻨﺪ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻗﺪ ﺑﺸﺮﻩ ﺑﺎﳉﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ "ﻭﺍﷲ ﻟﻮﺩﺩﺕ ﺃﱐ ﳒﻮﺕ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻛﻔﺎﻓﹰﺎ ﻻ ﻋﻠـﻲ‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﱄ"‪" ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻧﻔﺴﻲ ﺑﻴﺪﻩ ﻟﻮﺩﺩﺕ ﺃﱐ ﺧﺮﺟﺖ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺩﺧﻠﺖ ﻓﻴﻬـﺎ ﻻ ﺃﺟـﺮ ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﻭﺯﺭ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺇﺳﻼﻣﻚ ﻋﺰ‪‬ﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻣﺎﺭﺗﻚ ﻓﺘﺤﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻘﺪ ﻣﻸﺕ ﺍﻻﺭﺽ ﻋـﺪ ﹰﻻ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪ :‬ﺃﺗﺸﻬﺪ ﱄ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ؟ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻻﺑـﻦ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ‪ :‬ﻗﻞ ﻧﻌﻢ ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﻣﻌﻚ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻃﻠﺐ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻔﻲ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻮﻥ‪ .‬ﰒ ﺃﺭﺳﻠﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻡ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻋﺎﺋﺸـﺔ‬
‫ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻳﺴﺘﺄﺫ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺪﻓﻦ ﲜﺎﻧﺐ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ‪ :‬ﻗﻞ ﳍﺎ ‪ :‬ﻳﻘﺮﺃ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﻋﻤـﺮ‬

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‫ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﻘﻞ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﱐ ﻟﺴﺖ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺃﻣﲑﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻞ ‪ :‬ﻳﺴﺘﺄﺫﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑـﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺪﻓﻦ ﻣﻊ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﻓﻤﻀﻲ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻓﺴﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺄﺫﻥ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺩﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻮﺟـﺪﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺗﺒﻜﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻳﻘﺮﺃ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺄﺫﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺪﻓﻦ ﻣﻊ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻴﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ ‪ :‬ﻛﻨﺖ ﺃﺭﻳﺪﻩ )ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ( ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ ﻭﻷﻭﺛﺮﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﻗﺪ ﺃﻗﻨﻌﻪ ﺑـﺬﻟﻚ‪ .‬ﻓﻌـﻦ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺩﺧﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻔﺼﺔ ﻭﻧﻮﺳﺎ‪‬ﺎ )ﺿﻔﺎﺋﺮﻫﺎ( ﺗﻘﻄﺮ ﻣﺎﺀ ﻓﻘﺎﻟـﺖ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻤﺖ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺑﺎﻙ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﻠﻒ ؟ ﻗﻠﺖ ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻴﻔﻌﻞ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻟﺖ ‪ :‬ﺇﻧﻪ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﻼ ﺣـﱴ‬‫ﻓﺤﻠﻔﺖ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻛﻠﻤﻪ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﻐﺪﻭﺕ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﱂ ﺃﻛﻠﻤﻪ ﻓﻜﻨﺖ ﻛﺄﳕﺎ ﺃﲪﻞ ﺑﻴﻤﻴﲏ ﺟﺒ ﹰ‬
‫ﺭﺟﻌﺖ ﻓﺪﺧﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﺄﻟﲏ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﺧﱪﻩ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻗﻠﺖ ﻟﻪ ﺇﱐ ﲰﻌـﺖ ﺍﻟﻨـﺎﺱ‬
‫ﻳﻘﻮﻟﻮﻥ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺂﻟﻴﺖ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻗﻮﳍﺎ ﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺯﻋﻤﻮﺍ ﺃﻧﻚ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﻠﻒ‪ .‬ﺃﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﻟﻮ ﺃﻧﻚ ﺑﻌﺜﺖ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﻗﻴﻢ ﺃﺭﺿﻚ ﺃﱂ ﲢﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺑﻠـﻰ‪ .‬ﻗﻠـﺖ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻼ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ؟ ﻓﻤـﺎﺫﺍ‬‫ﺃﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﻟﻮ ﺑﻌﺜﺖ ﺇﱃ ﺭﺍﻋﻲ ﻏﻨﻤﻚ‪ ،‬ﺃﱂ ﺗﻜﻦ ﲢﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫ﺗﻘﻮﻝ ﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻟﻘﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﱂ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﻩ ؟ ﻓﺄﺻﺎﺑﻪ ﻛﺂﺑﺔ ﰒ ﻧﻜﺲ ﺭﺃﺳﻪ ﻃﻮﻳ ﹰ‬
‫ﰒ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺭﺃﺳﻪ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺣﺎﻓﻆ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻱ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻓﻌﻞ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺳـﻦ ﱄ‪ ،‬ﺇﻥ ﱂ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ  ﱂ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻌﻠﻤﺖ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻌﺪﻝ ﺃﺣﺪﹰﺍ ﺑﺮﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ  ﻭﺃﻧﻪ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﻠﻒ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪ :‬ﻗﺪ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﰊ ﺣﺮﺻﹰﺎ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﱐ ﺟﺎﻋﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺇﱃ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﻔـﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺘﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ  ﻭﻫﻮ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ﺭﺍﺽ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻟﻮ ﺃﺩﺭﻛﲏ ﺃﺣـﺪ ﺭﺟﻠـﲔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺠﻌﻠﺖ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻟﻮﺛﻘﺖ ﺑﻪ‪ .‬ﺳﺎﱂ ﻣﻮﱃ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺬﻳﻔﺔ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺡ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺳﺄﻟﲏ‬
‫ﺭﰊ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ ﻗﻠﺖ ‪ :‬ﲰﻌﺖ ﻧﺒﻴﻚ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺇﻧﻪ ﺃﻣﲔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺳﺄﻟﲏ ﻋﻦ ﺳﺎﱂ ﻗﻠﺖ‬
‫‪ :‬ﲰﻌﺖ ﻧﺒﻴﻚ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺇﻥ ﺳﺎﳌﹰﺎ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﳊﺐ ﷲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻐﲑﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺷﻌﺒﺔ ‪ :‬ﺃﺩﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺭﺩﺕ ﺍﷲ ‪‬ﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺃﺭﺏ ﻟﻨﺎ ﰲ ﺃﻣﻮﺭﻛﻢ ﻭﻣﺎ ﲪﺪ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﺄﺭﻏﺐ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻷﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺑﻴﱵ‪ ،‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺧﲑﹰﺍ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺃﺻﺒﻨﺎ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺷﺮﹰﺍ ﻓﺒﺤﺴـﺐ ﺁﻝ ﻋﻤـﺮ ﺃﻥ‬

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‫ﳛﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻭﻳﺴﺄﻝ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺃﻣﺔ ﳏﻤﺪ ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺟﻬﺪﺕ ﻧﻔﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺮﻣﺖ‬
‫ﺃﻫﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﳒﻮﺕ ﻛﻔﺎﻓﹰﺎ ﻻ ﻭﺯﺭ ﻭﻻ ﺃﺟﺮ ﺇﱐ ﻟﺴﻌﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺟﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﺷﻮﺭﻯ ﰲ ﺳﺘﺔ ‪ :‬ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻃﻠﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻮﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻌﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻭﻗﺎﺹ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ‪ .‬ﻭﺟﻌﻞ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﻌﻬﻢ ﻣﺸﲑﹰﺍ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻨـﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺟ‪‬ﻠـﻬﻢ‬
‫ﺛﻼﺛﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺮ ﺻﻬﻴﺒﹰﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺱ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻃﻠﺤﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻧﺬﺍﻙ ﺑﺎﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺸﻐﻮﻻﹰ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﺭﺟﹰﺎ ﺑـﺒﻌﺾ‬
‫ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻟﻪ‪ .‬ﻓﺪﻋﺎ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﳍﻢ ‪ :‬ﺇﱐ ﻗﺪ ﻇﻬﺮﺕ ﻟﻜﻢ ﰲ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﻠﻢ ﺃﺟﺪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬
‫ﺷﻘﺎﻗﹰﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻓﻴﻜﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺷﻘﺎﻕ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻨﻜﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺇﻥ ﻗـﻮﻣﻜﻢ ﺇﳕـﺎ ﻳـﺆﻣﺮﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺃﺣﺪﻛﻢ ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ )ﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ( ﻓﺎﺗﻖ ﺍﷲ ﻳﺎ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺇﻥ ﻭﻟﻴﺖ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻓﻼ ﲢﻤﻠﻦ ﺑﲏ ﻫﺎﺷﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﻗﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺍﺗﻖ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﺇﻥ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻴﺖ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﻮﺭ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻓﻼ ﲢﻤﻠﻦ ﺑﲏ ﺃﻣﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﻗﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ .‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﻨﺖ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻳﺎ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﻓﻼ ﲢﻤﻞ ﺫﻭﻱ ﻗﺮﺍﺑﺘﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﻗﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻨـﺎﺱ‪ .‬ﰒ ﻗـﺎﻝ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻗﻮﻣﻮﺍ ﻓﺘﺸﺎﻭﺭﺍ ﻓﺄﻣ‪‬ﺮﻭﺍ ﺃﺣﺪﻛﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺧﺮﺟﻮﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻟﻮ ﻭﻟﻮﻫﺎ ﺍﻷﺟﻠﺢ )ﻋﻠﻲ( ﻟﺴﻠﻚ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ‪ :‬ﻓﻤـﺎ‬
‫ﳝﻨﻌﻚ ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻘﺪ‪‬ﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﹰﺎ ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺃﻛﺮﻩ ﺃﻥ ﺃﲪﻠﻬﺎ ﺣﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﻣﻴﺘﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻭﻗﺎﺹ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻭﻟﻴﺘﻢ ﺳﻌﺪﹰﺍ ﻓﺴﺒﻴﻞ ﺫﺍﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ ﻓﻠﻴﺴﺘﺸﺮﻩ ﺍﻟـﻮﺍﱄ‬
‫ﻓﺈﱐ ﱂ ﺃﻋﺰﻟﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺠ ٍﺰ ﻭﻻ ﺧﻴﺎﻧﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪ :‬ﺃﻣﻬﻠﻮﺍ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺣﺪﺙ ﰊ ﺣﺪﺙ ﻓﻠﻴﺼﻞ ﻟﻜﻢ ﺻﻬﻴﺐ ‪ -‬ﻣﻮﱃ ﺑـﲏ ﺟـﺪﻋﺎﻥ ‪-‬‬
‫ﺛﻼﺙ ﻟﻴﺎﻝٍ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺃﲨﻌﻮﺍ ﺃﻣﺮﻛﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﺗﺄﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ﻣﻨﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺸﻮﺭﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴـﻠﻤﲔ ﻓﺎﺿـﺮﺑﻮﺍ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺃﰊ ﻃﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭﻱ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﳝﻮﺕ ﺑﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ‪ :‬ﻛﻦ ﰲ ﲬﺴﲔ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﻗﻮﻣﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ ﻣﻊ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺮ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺭﻯ ﻓﺈ‪‬ﻢ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺃﺣﺴﺐ ﺳـﻴﺠﺘﻤﻌﻮﻥ ﰲ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺖ ﺃﺣﺪﻫﻢ ﻓﻘﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺑﺄﺻﺤﺎﺑﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﺗﺘﺮﻙ ﺃﺣﺪﹰﺍ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﺘﺮﻛﻬﻢ ﳝﻀﻲ‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺆﻣ‪‬ﺮﻭﺍ ﺃﺣﺪﻫﻢ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺅﻭﺳﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﲬﺴﺔ ﻭﺭﺿﻮﺍ ﺭﺟـ ﹰ‬

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‫ﻼ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻭﺃﰉ ﺍﺛﻨﺎﻥ ﻓﺎﺿﺮﺏ‬
‫ﻭﺃﰉ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻓﺎﺷﺪﺥ ﺭﺃﺳﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﺗﻔﻖ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻭﺭﺿﻮﺍ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ ﻓﺤﻜﻤﻮﺍ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑـﻦ ﻋﻤـﺮ ﻓـﺄﻱ‬ ‫ﻼ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬ ‫ﺭﺅﻭﺳﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﻳﺮﺿﻮﺍ ﲝﻜﻢ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﻜﻮﻧﻮﺍ ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﻘﲔ ﺣﻜﻢ ﻟﻪ ﻓﻠﻴﺨﺘﺎﺭﻭﺍ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻮﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻗﺘﻠﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﲔ ﺇﻥ ﺭﻏﺒﻮﺍ ﻋﻤﺎ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻨـﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﳛﻀﺮ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ﺇﻻ ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ ﺃﻣﲑ ﻣﻨﻜﻢ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺃﻧﺖ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﱵ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﻟﺰﻡ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻃﻠﺤﺔ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺭﻯ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺩﻓﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺣﱴ ﺑﻮﻳﻊ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﻘﻲ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻃﻌﻨﻪ ﰒ ﺗﻮﰲ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺎﺀ ﻷﺭﺑﻊ ﺑﻘﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺫﻱ ﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﺳـﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺛﻼﺙ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻏﺴﻠﻪ ﻭﻛﻔﻨﻪ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺻﻬﻴﺐ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺒﺪﻭ ﺃﻥ ﺳﻴﺪﻧﺎ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺳﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺟﻌﻞ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﲔ ﺭﺟﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺭﻯ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻏـﲑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺘﺒﻌﻬﺎﻭﻫﻲ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﳊﺴﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺭﲟﺎ ﳚﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻳﻔﻜـﺮ ﰲ‬
‫ﺃﻣﺮ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﳜﻄﺮ ﰲ ﺑﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﺭﲟﺎ ﺣﺪﺛﺖ ﺧﻼﻓﺎﺕ ﱂ ﺗﻜﻦ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﺙ ﻟﻮ ﺍﺳـﺘﺨﻠﻒ‬
‫ﺭﺟﻞ ﻣﻌﲔ ﻓﺎﻟﻜﻞ ﻳﻄﻴﻌﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳉﻤﻴﻊ ﻻ ﻳﺮﻏﺒﻮﻥ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﻄﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ ﺗﺮﻏﺐ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻄﻠﺐ ﺣﲔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺷﻴﺢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﲟﺎ ﻇﻦ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺧﻄﻴﺌﺔ ﻭﻗﻊ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺳﻴﺪﻧﺎ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﳛﺎﻭﻟﻮﻥ ﲣﻔﻴﻒ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺼﺎﺑﹰﺎ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺣﺪﺙ ﻣﺎ ﻭﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﻟﻼﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﳏﺎﻭﻟﺘﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓـﺔ‬
‫ﺳﺒﺐ ﻗﺘﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﻴﺪﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺇﺻﺎﺑﺘﻪ ﻟﺘﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺪﻯ ﺻﺤﺔ ﺗﻔﻜﲑﻩ ﻭﺳﻼﻣﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻘﻠﻪ ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﺇﺿﺎﻋﺔ ﺃﻱ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﳌﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﳋﻮﻑ ﳑﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻗﺎﺩﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺟﻌﻠﻪ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﻓﻊ ﺍﳌﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺧـﺎﻑ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﲢﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﻌﺎﺕ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻗﺎﺩﻡ ﻟﻠﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻟﻮ ﻭﻟﻮﻫﺎ ﺍﻷﺟﻠـﺢ ﻟﺴـﻠﻚ ‪‬ـﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻌﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﳌﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ‪ :‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﳝﻨﻌﻚ ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﹰﺎ ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‬
‫‪ :‬ﺃﻛﺮﻩ ﺃﻥ ﺃﲪﻠﻬﺎ ﺣﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﻣﻴﺘﹰﺎ‪.‬‬

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 ‫‪@ @sÛbrÛa@@szj½a‬‬
‫‪@ @éäÇ@
a@@æbÐÇ@åi@æbàrÇ‬‬
‫@‬
‫ﻧﺴﺒﻪ‬
‫ﻫﻮ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻣﻴﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﴰﺲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﻣﻨﺎﻑ ﺑﻦ ﻗﺼﻲ ﺑﻦ ﻛﻼﺏ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺮ‪‬ﺓ‬
‫ﺑﻦ ﻛﻌﺐ ﺑﻦ ﻟﺆﻱ ﺑﻦ ﻏﺎﻟﺐ‪ .‬ﳚﺘﻤﻊ ﻧﺴﺒﻪ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ـ  ـ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺪ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ‬
‫ﺃﺑﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﻋﻔﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻣﻴﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﴰﺲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﻣﻨﺎﻑ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻗﺮﺷﻲ ﺃﻣﻮﻱ ﳚﺘﻤـﻊ‬
‫ﻫﻮ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﱯ ـ  ـ ﰲ ﻋﺒﺪ ﻣﻨﺎﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺛﺎﻟﺚ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺷﺪﻳﻦ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﻪ ﺃﺭﻭﻯ ﺑﻨﺖ ﻛﺮﻳﺰ ﻭﺃﻡ ﺃﺭﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻀﺎﺀ ﺑﻨﺖ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﻋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ـ  ـ‬
‫ﱵ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ‬
‫ﻭﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻥ ـ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ ـ‪) :‬ﺫﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺭﻳﻦ( ﻷﻧﻪ ﺗﺰﻭﺝ ﺭﻗﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻡ ﻛﻠﺜﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﺑﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﱵ ﻧﱯ ﻏﲑﻩ‬
‫ـ  ـ‪ .‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺗﺰﻭﺝ ﺑﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺇﺳﻼﻣﻪ‬
‫ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ـ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ ـ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺩﺧﻮﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﱠـﻪ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻷﺭﻗـﻢ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺳﻨ‪‬ﻪ ﻗﺪ ﲡﺎﻭﺯﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﲔ‪ ،‬ﺩﻋﺎﻩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻓﺄﺳﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﳌﺎ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜـﺮ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﻭﳛﻚ ﻳﺎ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﺇﻧﻚ ﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺣﺎﺯﻡ ﻣﺎ ﳜﻔﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺍﳊـﻖ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻃﻞ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻭﺛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻌﺒﺪﻫﺎ ﻗﻮﻣﻚ‪ ،‬ﺃﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺣﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺻﻤﺎﺀ ﻻ ﺗﺴﻤﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﺒﺼﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﺗﻀﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﻨﻔﻊ؟ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺑﻠﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﺇ‪‬ﺎ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ‪ :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﱠـﻪ ﻗـﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺜﻪ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﺑﺮﺳﺎﻟﺘﻪ ﺇﱃ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺧﻠﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻞ ﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺄﺗﻴﻪ ﻭﺗﺴﻤﻊ ﻣﻨﻪ؟ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻧﻌﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﻝ ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ـ  ـ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪) :‬ﻳﺎ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺃﺟﺐ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺟﻨﺘﻪ ﻓﺈﱐ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﱠـﻪ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻴﻚ ﻭﺇﱃ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺧﻠﻘﻪ(‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻓﻮﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻠﻜﺖ ﺣﲔ ﲰﻌﺖ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺳﻠﻤﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺷﻬﺪﺕ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ﻻ ﺷﺮﻳﻚ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﻋﺒﺪﻩ ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﱂ ﺃﻟﺒﺚ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺰﻭﺟﺖ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﺯﻭﺟﲔ ﺭﺁﳘﺎ ﺇﻧﺴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‪ .‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺯﻭﺍﺝ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻟﺮﻗﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﺓ ﻻ ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﺯﻭﺍﺟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺑﻨﱴ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‬

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‫ﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﺑﻨﺖ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ـ  ـ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﻬﺎ ﺧﺪﳚﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻗﺪ ﺯﻭ‪‬ﺟﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺘﺒﺔ ﺑـﻦ‬
‫ﺐ‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻳﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﹶﺃﺑِـﻲ ﹶﻟﻬ‪‬ـ ٍ‬
‫ﺃﰊ ﳍﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﻭ‪‬ﺝ ﺃﺧﺘﻬﺎ ﺃﻡ ﻛﻠﺜﻮﻡ ﻋﺘﻴﺒﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﳍﺐ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻧﺰﻟﺖ‪ ) :‬ﺗ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ(‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﳍﻤﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﳍﺐ ﻭﺃﻣﻬﻤﺎ ـ ﺃﻡ ﲨﻴﻞ ﺑﻨﺖ ﺣﺮﺏ)ﲪﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﳊﻄﺐ( ﻓﺎﺭﻗﺎ ﺍﺑﻨﺘ‪‬ﻲ ﳏﻤﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﻔﺎﺭﻗﺎﳘﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺪﺧﻼ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻛﺮﺍﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﳍﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮﺍﻧ‪‬ﺎ ﻻﺑﲏ ﺃﰊ ﳍـﺐ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘـﺰﻭﺝ‬
‫ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ ﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﲟﻜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺎﺟﺮﺕ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﺒﺸﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﻟﺪﺕ ﻟﻪ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻭﻟـﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﻓﺴـﻤﺎﻩ‪:‬‬
‫"ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻳ‪‬ﻜﲎ ﺑﻪ ﻭﳌﺎ ﺳﺎﺭ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ـ  ـ ﺇﱃ ﺑﺪﺭ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﺑﻨﺘﻪ ﺭﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺮﻳﻀﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﺨﻠﱠﻒ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ـ  ـ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﻮﻓﻴﺖ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻭﺻﻮﻝ ﺯﻳـﺪ ﺑـﻦ‬
‫ﺣﺎﺭﺛﺔ‬
‫ﺯﻭﺟﺘﻪ ﺃﻡ ﻛﻠﺜﻮﻡ‬
‫ﺑﻨﺖ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ـ  ـ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﻬﺎ ﺧﺪﳚﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺃﺻﻐﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺧﺘﻬﺎ ﺭﻗﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺯﻭ‪‬ﺟﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ـ ‬
‫ـ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻭﻓﺎﺓ ﺭﻗﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻧﻜﺎﺣﻪ ﺇﻳﺎﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺭﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﲎ ‪‬ـﺎ‬
‫ﰲ ﲨﺎﺩﻯ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﺗﻠﺪ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻭﻟﺪ‪‬ﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻮﻓﻴﺖ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺗﺴﻊ ﻭﺻﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ‬
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‫ﻭﺭﻭﻯ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ـ  ـ ﺭﺃﻯ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻭﻓﺎﺓ ﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﻣﻬﻤﻮﻣ‪‬ـﺎ ﳍﻔﺎﻧـﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﱄ ﺃﺭﺍﻙ ﻣﻬﻤﻮﻣ‪‬ﺎ ؟‬
‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻭﻫﻞ ﺩﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺩﺧﻞ ﻋﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﻣﺎﺗﺖ ﺍﺑﻨﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﱠـﻪ ـ  ـ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱵ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻋﻨﺪﻱ ﻭﺍﻧﻘﻄﻊ ﻇﻬﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻘﻄﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻬﺮ ﺑﻴﲏ ﻭﺑﻴﻨﻚ‪ .‬ﻓﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﳛﺎﻭﺭﻩ ﺇﺫ ﻗـﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ـ  ـ‪) :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺟﱪﻳﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻳﺄﻣﺮﱐ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺯﻭﺟﻚ ﺃﺧﺘـﻬﺎ ﺃﻡ‬
‫ﻛﻠﺜﻮﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺻﺪﺍﻗﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻋﺸﺮ‪‬ﺎ(‬
‫ﺻﻔﺎﺗﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ـ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ ـ ﺃﻧﺴﺐ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﻟﻘﺮﻳﺶ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻋﻠﻢ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﲟﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣـﻦ ﺧـﲑ‬
‫ﻭﺷﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺟﺎﻝ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﻳﺄﺗﻮﻧﻪ ﻭﻳﺄﻟﻔﻮﻧﻪ ﻟﻐﲑ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﻟﻌﻠﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﲡﺎﺭﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺴـﻦ‬
‫ﳎﺎﻟﺴﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻛﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺃﺧﱪ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﺃﻥ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ـ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ـ ﻭﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺣﺪﺛﺎﻩ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﺄﺫﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ـ  ـ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻀﻄﺠﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺮﺍﺷﻪ ﻻﺑﺲ ﻣﺮﻁ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﻓﺄﺫﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻀﻰ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺣﺎﺟﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺍﻧﺼﺮﻑ‪ .‬ﰒ ﺍﺳﺘﺄﺫﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﺄﺫﻥ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳊـﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻀـﻰ ﺇﻟﻴـﻪ‬
‫ﺣﺎﺟﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺍﻧﺼﺮﻑ‪.‬‬
‫ﰒ ﺍﺳﺘﺄﺫﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻓﺠﻠﺲ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻌﺎﺋﺸﺔ‪) :‬ﺍﲨﻌﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺛﻴﺎﺑﻚ( ﻓﻘﻀﻰ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺣﺎﺟﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﰒ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺼﺮﻑ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﱂ ﺃﺭﻙ ﻓﺰﻋﺖ ﻷﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻓﺰﻋـﺖ ﻟﻌﺜﻤـﺎﻥ! ﻗـﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ـ  ـ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺣﻴﻲ ﻭﺇﱐ ﺧﺸﻴﺖ ﺇﻥ ﺃﺫﻧﺖ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳊﺎﻝ ﻻ‬
‫ﱄ ﺣﺎﺟﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻳ‪‬ﺒﻠﻎ ﺇ ﹼ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺚ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‪ :‬ﺃﻻ ﺃﺳﺘﺤﻲ ﳑﻦ ﺗﺴﺘﺤﻲ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﳌﻼﺋﻜﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻻ ﻳﻮﻗﻆ ﻧﺎﺋﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻠﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﳚﺪﻩ ﻳﻘﻈﺎﻥ ﻓﻴﺪﻋﻮﻩ ﻓﻴﻨﺎﻭﻟﻪ ﻭﺿﻮﺀﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺼـﻮﻡ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﻠﻲ ﻭﺿﻮﺀ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﻴﻞ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﻟﻮ ﺃﻣﺮﺕ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﳋﺪﻡ ﻓﻜﻔﻮﻙ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻻ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻠﻴـﻞ ﳍـﻢ‬
‫ﻳﺴﺘﺮﳛﻮﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻳﻜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﺜﲑ ﺍﻹﺣﺴﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﳊﻠﻢ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﱠـﻪ ـ  ـ‪) :‬‬
‫ﺃﺻﺪﻕ ﺃﻣﱵ ﺣﻴﺎ ًﺀ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ (‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﺘﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺗﻮﰲ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ـ  ـ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ﺭﺍﺽٍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻗﺒـﻞ‬
‫ﻗﺘﻠﻪ‪" :‬ﻭﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺯﻧﻴﺖ ﰲ ﺟﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﺳﻼﻡ ﻗﻂ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺒﺸﲑﻩ ﺑﺎﳉﻨﺔ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﻨﺖ ﻣﻊ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ـ  ـ ﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﻘﺔ ﺑﲏ ﻓﻼﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﻣﻐﻠﻖ ﺇﺫ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺘﺢ‬
‫ﺭﺟﻞ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ـ  ـ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﺑﻦ ﻗﻴﺲ‪ ،‬ﻗﻢ ﻓﺎﻓﺘﺢ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﻭﺑﺸ‪‬ﺮﻩ ﺑﺎﳉﻨﺔ ﻓﻘﻤﺖ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻔﺘﺤﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺃﻧﺎ ﺑﺄﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪ‪‬ﻳﻖ ﻓﺄﺧﱪﺗﻪ ﲟﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ـ  ـ‪ ،‬ﻓﺤﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺩﺧﻞ ﻭﻗﻌﺪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺃﻏﻠﻘﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﻓﺠﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ـ  ـ ﻳﻨﻜﺖ ﺑﻌﻮﺩ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻔﺘﺢ ﺁﺧﺮ‬
‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﺑﻦ ﻗﻴﺲ ﻗﻢ ﻓﺎﻓﺘﺢ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﻭﺑﺸ‪‬ﺮﻩ ﺑﺎﳉﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻤﺖ‪ ،‬ﻓﻔﺘﺤﺖ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺃﻧﺎ ﺑﻌﻤﺮ‬
‫ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﻓﺄﺧﱪﺗﻪ ﲟﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ـ  ـ‪ ،‬ﻓﺤﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻭﺩﺧﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﻠﻢ ﻭﻗﻌـﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻏﻠﻘـﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ‬

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‫ﻓﺠﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ـ  ـ ﻳﻨﻜﺖ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺩ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺇﺫ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ـ‬
‫ ـ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﺑﻦ ﻗﻴﺲ‪ ،‬ﻗﻢ ﻓﺎﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﻟﻪ ﻭﺑﺸﺮﻩ ﺑﺎﳉﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻠـﻮﻯ ﺗﻜـﻮﻥ ﻓـﺈﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺧﱪﺗﻪ ﲟﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ  ﻓﺤﻤﺪ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﷲ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺒﻴﺔ ﺩﻋﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ـ  ـ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﻟﻴﺒﻌﺜﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻜﺔ ﻓﻴﺒﻠﻎ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﺷـﺮﺍﻑ‬
‫ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﻣﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﻟﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﺇﱐ ﺃﺧﺎﻑ ﻗﺮﻳﺸ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﲟﻜﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺑـﲏ‬
‫ﻋﺪﻱ ﺑﻦ ﻛﻌﺐ ﺃﺣﺪ ﳝﻨﻌﲏ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻋﺮﻓﺖ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﻋﺪﺍﻭﰐ ﺇﻳﺎﻫﺎ ﻭﻏﻠﻈﱵ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﲏ ﺃﺩﻟﹼـﻚ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺃﻋﺰ ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﲏ‪ ،‬ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺪﻋﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ـ  ـ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑـﻦ ﻋﻔـﺎﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺒﻌﺜﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﺃﺷﺮﺍﻑ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﳜﱪﻫﻢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳﺄﺕ ﳊﺮ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﳕﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺯﺍﺋـﺮ‪‬ﺍ ﳍـﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﻭﻣﻌ ﱠﻈﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﳊﺮﻣﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺨﺮﺝ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻜﺔ ﻓﻠﻘﻴﻪ ﺃﺑﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﻓﺤﻤﻠﻪ ﺑﲔ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺃﺟﺎﺭﻩ ﺣﱴ ﺑﻠﱠﻎ‬
‫ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ـ  ـ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﻧﻄﻠﻖ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺣﱴ ﺃﺗﻰ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﻋﻈﻤﺎﺀ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﻓﺒﻠﻐﻬﻢ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ـ  ـ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺭﺳﻠﻪ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺣﲔ ﻓﺮﻍ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﱠـﻪ ـ ‬
‫ـ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺷﺌﺖ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻄﻮﻑ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﻓﻄﻒ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻛﻨﺖ ﻷﻓﻌﻞ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻄﻮﻑ ﺭﺳـﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ـ  ـ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺒﺴﺘﻪ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﻋﻨﺪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺒﻠﻎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺃﻥ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ‬
‫ﻗﺘﻞ‪،‬ﻭﳌﺎ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ـ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ ـ ﳏﻘﻘﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻹﺷﺎﻋﺔ ﺑﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﻟـﻨﱯ ـ‬
‫ ـ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﱂ ﻳ‪‬ﻘﺘﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻡ‬
‫ﺃﺧﺬﹰﺍ ﺑﺜﺄﺭ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺟﺮﻳ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﻋﺔ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺘ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺗﻘﻮﻳﺔ ﻷﻭﻟﺌﻚ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﺿﻊ ﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﻟـﻴﻤﲎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮﻯ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻬﻢ ﻫﺬﻩ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺣﺎﺟﺘﻚ ﻭﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻰ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﻓﺎﻃﻤﺔ ﺑﻨﺖ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻣﻬﺎ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺳﺄﻟﺖ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﻭﺃﺭﺳﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﻤﻬﺎ ﻓﻘـﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺃﺣـﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻨﻴﻚ ﻳﻘﺮﺋﻚ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻭﻳﺴﺄﻟﻚ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻗﺪ ﺷﺘﻤﻮﻩ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﻟﻌﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﱠـﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻟﻌﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻧﱯ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ـ  ـ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ـ  ـ ﳌﺴﻨﺪ ﻇﻬـﺮﻩ‬

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‫ﺇﱄﱠ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺟﱪﻳﻞ ﻟﻴﻮﺣﻲ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﻘﻮﻝ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﺍﻛﺘﺐ ﻳﺎ ﻋﺜﻴﻢ ﻓﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻟﻴﱰﻝ ﺗﻠﻚ‬
‫ﺍﳌﱰﻟﺔ ﺇﻻ ﻛﺮﳝ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ‪ .‬ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﻟﻌﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﱠـﻪ ﻣـﻦ ﻟﻌﻨـﻪ‪ ،‬ﻻ‬
‫ﺃﺣﺴﺒﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﺇﻻ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻣﺮﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻟﻘﺪ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ـ  ـ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺴﻨﺪ ﻓﺨـﺬﻩ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﱐ ﻷﻣﺴﺢ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻕ ﻋﻦ ﺟﺒﲔ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ـ  ـ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻲ ﻟﻴﱰﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺃﻧـﻪ‬
‫ﻟﻴﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻛﺘﺐ ﻳﺎ ﻋﺜﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻟﻴﱰﻝ ﻋﺒﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺒﻴﻪ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﱰﻟﺔ ﺇﻻ ﻛـﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬
‫ﻛﺮﳝ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻋﻦ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ـ  ـ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺟﻠﺲ ﺟﻠﺲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜـﺮ‬
‫ﺐ ﺳﺮ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ـ  ـ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﳝﻴﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻳﺴﺎﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﲔ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻛﹶﺎﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺟﻴﺶ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﺮﺓ‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﷲ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨﺒِـ ‪‬ﻲ‬
‫ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻐﺰﻭﺓ ﺗﺒﻮﻙ ﻏﺰﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺴﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻣﺄﺧﻮﺫﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌـﺎﱃ‪ ِ :‬ﹶﻟﻘﹶـﺪ ﺗ‪‬ـﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﺮ‪‬ﺓ‬
‫ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﻬ‪‬ﺎ ِﺟﺮِﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻷَﻧﺼ‪‬ﺎ ِﺭ ﺍﱠﻟﺬِﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﺒﻌ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻩ ﻓِﻲ ﺳ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ِﺔ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﻧﺪﺏ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ـ  ـ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳋﺮﻭﺝ ﻭﺃﻋﻠﻤﻬﻢ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﻟﻴﺘﺄﻫﺒﻮﺍ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﻌﺚ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻜﺔ ﻭﺇﱃ ﻗﺒﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻳﺴﺘﻨﻔﺮﻫﻢ ﻭﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺪﻗﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺜﻬﻢ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳊﻤﻼﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺠﺎﺀﻭﺍ ﺑﺼﺪﻗﺎﺕ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪ‪‬ﻳﻖ ـ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ‬
‫ـ‪ ،‬ﻓﺠﺎﺀ ﲟﺎﻟﻪ ﻛﻠﻪ ‪ ٤٠٠٠.٤٠‬ﺩﺭﻫﻢ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ـ  ـ‪ :‬ﻫﻞ ﺃﺑﻘﻴﺖ ﻷﻫﻠﻚ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﺑﻘﻴﺖ ﳍﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﺟﺎﺀ ﻋﻤﺮ ـ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ ـ ﺑﻨﺼﻒ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﻓﺴﺄﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﻫﻞ ﺃﺑﻘﻴـﺖ‬
‫ﳍﻢ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻧﻌﻢ‪ ،‬ﻧﺼﻒ ﻣﺎﱄ‬
‫ﻭﺟﻬ‪‬ﺰ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ـ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ ـ ﺛﻠﺚ ﺍﳉﻴﺶ ﺟﻬﺰﻫﻢ ﺑﺘﺴﻌﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﲬﺴﲔ ﺑﻌﲑ‪‬ﺍ ﻭﲞﻤﺴﲔ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺳ‪‬ﺎ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺇﺳﺤﺎﻕ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻔﻖ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ـ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ ـ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳉﻴﺶ ﻧﻔﻘﺔ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺔ ﱂ‬
‫ﻳﻨﻔﻖ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺟﺎﺀ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ـ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ ـ ﺑﺄﻟﻒ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﰲ ﻛﻤﻪ ﺣﲔ ﺟﻬـﺰ‬
‫ﺟﻴﺶ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺴﺮﺓ ﻓﻨﺜﺮﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺣﺠﺮ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻓﻘﺒﻠﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺣﺠﺮ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺿ ‪‬ﺮ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻣـﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﱠﻠﻪ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺰ ﺟﻴﺶ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﺴﺮﺓ ﻓﻠﻪ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺌﺮ ﺭﻭﻣﺔ‬

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‫ﻭﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ ﺑﺌﺮ ﺭﻭﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻴﻬﻮﺩ ﺑﻌﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺩﺭﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺒﻠﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ .‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻗﺪ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺣﻔﺮ ﺑﺌﺮ ﺭﻭﻣﺔ ﻓﻠﻪ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺳﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﻯ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻬﺪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ـ  ـ ﻣﺒﻨ‪‬ﻴًﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﱭ ﻭﺳﻘﻔﻪ ﺍﳉﺮﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻤـﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺧﺸﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺰﺩ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﻭﺯﺍﺩ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﻤﺮ‪‬ﺍ ﻭﺑﻨﺎﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻨﺎﺋﻪ ﰲ ﻋﻬﺪ ﺭﺳـﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ـ  ـ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﱭ ﻭﺍﳉﺮﻳﺪ ﻭﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﺧﺸﺒ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻏﻴ‪‬ﺮﻩ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺰﺍﺩ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻛـﺒﲑﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﲎ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﺑﺎﳊﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻨﻘﻮﺷﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻀﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻌﻞ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﻣﻨﻘﻮﺷﺔ ﻭﺳﻘﻔﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﺎﺝ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺟﻌﻞ ﺃﺑﻮﺍﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺳﺘﺔ ﺃﺑﻮﺍﺏ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ‬
‫ﳌﺎ ﺩﻓﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺻﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺻﻬﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﲨﻊ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺍﺩ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤـﺮﻭ‬
‫ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺭﻯ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﳌﺴﻮﺭ ﺑﻦ ﳐﺮﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﲬﺴﺔ ﻭﻫﻢ ‪ :‬ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻮﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻌﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻭﻗﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻌﻬـﻢ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻃﻠﺤﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻏﺎﺋﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻃﻠﺤـﺔ ﺍﻷﻧﺼـﺎﺭﻱ ﳛﺮﺳـﻬﻢ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﳛﺠﺒﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻜﻠﻢ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺑﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺗﺒﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻻﺷﻔﺎﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﳋﻮﻑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻗﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻮﻑ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﺘﻜﻠﻤﲔ "ﺃﻳﻜﻢ ﳜﺮﺝ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺘﻘﻠﺪﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻮﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻓﻀﻠﻜﻢ؟" ﻓﻠﻢ ﳚﺒﻪ ﺃﺣﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻓﺄﻧﺎ ﺍﳔﻠﻊ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﺜﻤـﺎﻥ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺿﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﱐ ﲰﻌﺖ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ  ﻳﻘﻮﻝ "ﺃﻣﲔ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺃﻣـﲔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴـﻤﺎﺀ"‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻡ ‪ :‬ﻗﺪ ﺭﺿﻴﻨﺎ ‪ -‬ﻭﻋﻠﻲ ﺳﺎﻛﺖ ‪ -‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺗﻘﻮﻝ ﻳﺎ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺍﻋﻄـﲏ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺛﻘﹰﺎ ﻟﺘﺆﺛﺮﻥ ﺍﳊﻖ ﻭﻻ ﺗﺘﺒﻊ ﺍﳍﻮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﲣﺺ ﺫﺍ ﺭﺣﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﺄﻟﻮﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﻓﻘـﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺍﻋﻄـﻮﱐ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺛﻴﻘﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻧﻮﺍ ﻣﻌﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺪ ﹼﻝ ﻭﻏﻴ‪‬ﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺗﺮﺿﻮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﺮﺕ ﻟﻜﻢ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠـ ‪‬ﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺜﺎﻕ ﺃﻻ ﺃﺧﺺ ﺫﺍ ﺭﺣ ٍﻢ ﻟﺮﲪﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺁﻟﻮ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ .‬ﻓﺄﺧﺬ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﻴﺜﺎﻗﹰﺎ ﻭﺃﻋﻄﺎﻫﻢ ﻣﺜﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻟﻌﻠﻲ ‪ :‬ﺇﻧﻚ ﺗﻘﻮﻝ ‪ :‬ﺇﱐ ﺃﺣﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻀﺮ ﺑﺎﻷﻣﺮ ﻟﻘﺮﺍﺑﺘﻚ ﻭﺳﺎﺑﻘﺘﻚ ﻭﺣﺴﻦ ﺃﺛﺮﻙ ﰲ ﺍﻟـﺪﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻭﱂ ﺗﺒﻌﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺃﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﻟﻮ ﺻ‪‬ﺮﻑ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻋﻨﻚ ﻓﻠﻢ ﲢﻀﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺗﺮﻯ ﻣﻦ ﻫـﺆﻻﺀ‬

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‫ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻂ ﺃﺣﻖ ﺑﺎﻷﻣﺮ ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‪ .‬ﻭﺧﻼ ﺑﻌﺜﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺗﻘﻮﻝ ‪ :‬ﺷﻴﺦ ﻣـﻦ ﺑـﲏ ﻋﺒـﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﻬﺮ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ  ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﱄ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻭﻓﻀﻞ ‪ -‬ﱂ ﺗﺒﻌﺪ ‪ -‬ﻓﻠﻦ ﻳﺼﺮﻑ ﻫـﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻋﲏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻮ ﱂ ﲢﻀﺮ ﻓﺄﻱ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻂ ﺃﺣﻖ ﺑﻪ ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻲ‪ .‬ﰒ ﺧـﻼ ﺑـﺎﻟﺰﺑﲑ‬
‫ﻓﻜﻠﻤﻪ ﲟﺜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻛﻠﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻲ‪ .‬ﰒ ﺧﻼ ﺑﺴﻌﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﻠﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺣﺼﺮ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﲔ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺮﺩ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻮﻑ ﺃﻥ ﳜﺘﺎﺭ ﻫﻮ ﻓﲑﺟـﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳ‪‬ﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻴ‪‬ﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨـﻬﻢ ﻳﺮﻳـﺪﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻳﺒﺘﻌﺪﻭﺍ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻒ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻦ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺩﺍﺭ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﻳﻠﻘﻰ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ  ﻭﻣﻦ ﻭﺍﰱ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨـﺔ ﻣـﻦ ﺃﻣـﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﻷﺟﻨـﺎﺩ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺷﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻳﺸﺎﻭﺭﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﺃﻛﺜﺮﻫﻢ ﻳﺸﲑ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻠـﺔ ﺍﻟـﱵ‬
‫ﻳﺴﺘﻜﻤﻞ ﰲ ﺻﺒﻴﺤﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﺟﻞ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃﺗﻰ ﻣﱰﻝ ﺍﳌﺴﻮﺭ ﺑﻦ ﳐﺮﻣﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍ‪‬ﲑﺍﺭ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻳﻘﻈﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺃﻻ ﺃﺭﺍﻙ ﻧﺎﺋﻤﹰﺎ ﻭﱂ ﺃﺫﻕ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻏﻤﺾ ﺍﻧﻄﻠﻖ ﻓﺎﺩﻉ ﺍﻟـﺰﺑﲑ‬
‫ﻭﺳﻌﺪﹰﺍ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﺒﺪﻭ ﺃﻥ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺭﻏﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻬﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺃﺻـﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺸـﻮﺭﻯ ﺑﺎﻟـﺬﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳌﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻳﺪﻉ ﺭﺃﻱ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻋﺴﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻮﻓﻖ ﰲ ﻛﺴـﺐ ﺭﺃﻱ ﺍﻟـﺰﺑﲑ‬
‫ﻭﺳﻌﺪ ﺇﱃ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺻﺎﺣﱯ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﰒ ﺑﺴـﻌﺪ ﺭﺃﻯ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺭﺃﻳﻬﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻳﺰﺍﻝ ﻛﺎﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‪ ،‬ﻋﻨﺪﻫﺎ ﺣﺰﻡ ﺭﺃﻳﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻷﺣﺪﳘﺎ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﺣﱴ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻗﻮﻯ ﻭﺣﱴ ﻻ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﳏﺎﺑﺎﺓ ‪ -‬ﻣﻌﺎﺫ ﺍﷲ ‪ -‬ﻭﺣﱴ ﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﺘـﺮﺽ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻳﻈﻦ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ‪ ،‬ﲨـﻊ ﻋﺒـﺪ ﺍﻟـﺮﲪﻦ ﺃﺻـﺤﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻌﺚ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻀﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺟﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻧﺼـﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺺ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﺑﺄﻫﻠﻪ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺎﻡ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﺇﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻣﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺟﺘﻤﻌﻮﺍ ﺣﱴ ﻏ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻗﺪ ﺃﲨﻌﻮﺍ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻠﺤﻖ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻷﻣﺼﺎﺭ ﺑﺄﻣﺼﺎﺭﻫﻢ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻋﻠﻤﻮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﲑﻫﻢ‪ .‬ﻓﺄﺑﺪﻯ ﺑﻌـﺾ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺭﺃﻳﻬﻢ ﻓﺘﻜﻠﻢ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺒﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﳉﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻋﻄﻰ ﺭﺃﻳﻪ ﻟﺼﺎﱀ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺇﺫ ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻧﺮﺍﻙ ﳍﺎ ﺃﻫﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ‪ :‬ﺃﺷﲑﻭﺍ ﻋﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﺑﻐﲑ ﻫـﺬﺍ ﻓﻘـﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺎﺳﺮ ﻭﺃﻳﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺍﻓﻘﻪ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺍﺩ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻗﺎﻡ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳـﺮﺡ‬
‫ﻓﺄﻳﺪ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﻭﺍﻓﻘﻪ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺭﺑﻴﻌﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺎﺩﺕ ﺍﻷﺻﻮﺍﺕ ﺗﻌﻠﻮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻫﺎ ﻭﻗﻒ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺑﻦ‬

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‫ﺃﰊ ﻭﻗﺎﺹ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ‪ ،‬ﺍﻓﺮﻍ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻔﱳ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟـﺮﲪﻦ‪ :‬ﺇﱐ ﻗـﺪ‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮﺕ ﻭﺷﺎﻭﺭﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﲡﻌﻠﻦ ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻔﺴﻜﻢ ﺳﺒﻴﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﻋﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻴـﻚ‬
‫ﻋﻬﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻣﻴﺜﺎﻗﻪ ﻟﺘﻌﻤﻠ ‪‬ﻦ ﺑﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺳﻨﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﻭﺳﲑﺓ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺘﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺃﺭﺟﻮ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺃﻓﻌﻞ ﻭﺃﻋﻤﻞ ﲟﺒﻠﻎ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻭﻃﺎﻗﱵ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﻋﺎ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻌﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻧﻌـﻢ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺒﺎﻳﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﲨﻴﻌﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺍﺳﺘﻄﺎﻉ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻮﻑ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﻥ ﳝﻨﻊ ﺍﳋﻼﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﻗﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻻ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ‬
‫ﺭﺃﻱ ﻏﲑ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺭﻯ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﲜﺎﻧﺐ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻻ ﻳﻘﻒ ﲜﺎﻧـﺐ ﻭﺍﺣـ ٍﺪ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻠﲔ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﺴﺎﻭﺕ ﺍﻵﺭﺍﺀ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﺩﻟﺖ ﺍﻷﺻﻮﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻟﻘﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻄﺎﻉ ﻫﺬﺍ ﲟﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﻴﲔ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻠﻴﻠﲔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺑﻮﻳﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻗﺪﻡ ﻃﻠﻴﺤﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺭﺟﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺭﻯ ‪-‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻛـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺽ ﺑﻪ ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻧﻌﻢ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ‪:‬ﺃﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬
‫ﻏﺎﺋﺒﹰﺎ‪ -‬ﻓﻘﻴﻞ ﻟﻪ ‪ :‬ﺑﺎﻳﻊ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺃﻛﻞ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﺭﺍ ٍ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻳﻌﻮﻙ ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻧﻌﻢ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻗﺪ ﺭﺿﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺃﺭﻏﺐ ﻋﻤﺎ ﻗﺪ ﺃﲨﻌﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻳﻌﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺻﻌﺪ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺑﻴﻌﺘﻪ ﺍﳌﻨﱪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺭﻯ ﻛﺂﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻜﻠﻢ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻗﺼـﲑﺓ ﻧﺼـﺢ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺫﻛﹼﺮﻫﻢ ﺑﺎﻵﺧﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺬﹼﺭﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺘﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﻌﺘﻪ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺧﲑﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺫﻱ ﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻏﺮﺓ ﺍﶈﺮﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺠﺮﺓ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ  ‪ :‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻣﺼﺎﺭ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﱄ ﻣﻜﺔ ﺍﳌﻜﺮﻣﺔ ‪ :‬ﻧﺎﻓﻊ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳊﺎﺭﺙ ﺍﳋﺰﺍﻋﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﱄ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﻒ ‪ :‬ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻔﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﱄ ﺻﻨﻌﺎﺀ ‪ :‬ﻳﻌﻠﻰ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻨﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﺣﻠﻴﻒ ﺑﲏ ﻧﻮﻓﻞ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﻣﻨﺎﻑ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﱄ ‪‬ﺟﻨ‪‬ﺪ ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺭﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﺰﻭﻣﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﱄ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻐﲑﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺷﻌﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻔﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﱄ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻗﻴﺲ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺮﻱ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﱄ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ‪ :‬ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﻱ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﱄ ﲪﺺ ‪ :‬ﻋﻤﲑ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﻭﺍﱄ ﻣﺼﺮ ‪ :‬ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻤﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﱄ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻦ ‪ :‬ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻔﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻮﺣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﷲ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺧﻼﻓﺔ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ‪-‬ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ -‬ﺍﻹﺳﻜﻨﺪﺭﻳﺔ ﰒ ﺳﺎﺑﻮﺭ ﰒ ﺇﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺔ ﰒ ﻗﱪﺹ ‪،‬‬
‫ﰒ ﺇﺻﻄﺨﺮ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ ﻭﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺧﻮ ﻭﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ ﰒ ﻃﱪﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻭﺩ ‪‬ﺭﺑ‪‬ﺠﺮ‪‬ﺩ ﻭﻛﺮﻣﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺳﺠﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﰒ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﻭﺭﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﰒ ﺳﺎﺣﻞ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﻧﺸﺄ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺃﺳﻄﻮﻝ ﺇﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﳊﻤﺎﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺍﻃﻲﺀ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺰﻧﻄﻴﲔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻨﺔ‬
‫ﰲ ﺃﻭﺍﺧﺮ ﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﻭﻣﻊ ﺍﺗﺴﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻮﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﻭﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ ﺑﺎﻻﺳﻼﻡ ﱂ‬
‫ﺗﺘﺸﺮﺏ ﺭﻭﺡ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺎﻋﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﳊﺎﻗﺪﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﰲ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺘﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻴﻬﻮﺩ ﺍﺛﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻨﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻭﺩﻭﻟﺘﻬﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺧﺬﻭﺍ ﻳﺜﲑﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ‪-‬‬
‫ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ -‬ﻭﺣﺮﺿﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﰲ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﳔﺪﻉ ﺑﻘـﻮﳍﻢ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ ﻣﻦ ﻏﺮﺭ ﺑﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺎﺭﻭﺍ ﻣﻌﻬﻢ ﳓﻮ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﳐﻄﻄﻬﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﺑﻠﻮﺍ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔـﺔ ﻭﻃـﺎﻟﺒﻮﻩ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻨﺎﺯﻝ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺪﻋﺎﻫﻢ ﺍﱃ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﺑﺎﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﻣﻊ ﻛﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫـﻞ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨـﺔ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻨﺪ ﻣﻔﺘﺮﻳﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﺃﺟﺎﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺳﺌﻠﺘﻬﻢ ﻭﻋﻔﻰ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﺟﻌﻮﺍ ﺍﱃ ﺑﻼﺩﻫﻢ ﻟﻜﻨﻬﻢ ﺃﺿـﻤﺮﻭﺍ‬
‫ﺷﺮﺍ ﻭﺗﻮﺍﻋﺪﻭﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﻀﻮﺭ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﱃ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻣﺆﺍﻣﺮﺍ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺯﻳﻨﻬﺎ ﳍﻢ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺳﺒﺄ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻴﻬﻮﺩﻱ ﺍﻷﺻﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺑﺎﻻﺳﻼﻡ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺸﻬﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺷـﻮﺍﻝ ﺳﻨﺔ ) ‪ ( ٣٥‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﳍﺠﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﻳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺭﺟﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﺗﺖ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻭﺍﺩﻋﻮﺍ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎ ﺑﻘﺘﻞ ﺯﻋﻤﺎﺀ ﺃﻫﻞ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻭﺟﺪﻭﻩ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﱪﻳﺪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻧﻜﺮ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ‪-‬ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻜﺘـﺎﺏ‬
‫ﻟﻜﻨﻬﻢ ﺣﺎﺻﺮﻭﻩ ﰲ ﺩﺍﺭﻩ ) ﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻳﻮﻣﹰﺎ ( ﻭﻣﻨﻌﻮﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺑﺎﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﺑﻞ ﻭﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ‪ ،‬ﻭﳌﺎ ﺭﺃﻯ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﺳﺘﻌـﺪﻭﺍ ﻟﻘﺘﺎﳍﻢ ﻭﺭﺩﻫﻢ ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻣـﻨﻌﻬﻢ ﺍﺫ ﱂ‬
‫ﻳﺮﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺴﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻠﻪ ﻗﻄﺮﺓ ﺩﻡ ﳌﺴﻠﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﳌﺘﺂﻣﺮﻳـﻦ ﺍﻗﺘﺤﻤﻮﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻠﻒ ) ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭ ﺃﰊ ‪‬ﺣﺰ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭﻱ ( ﻭﻫﺠﻤﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﻘـﺮﺃ ﺍﻟﻘـﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﺃﻛﺒﺖ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ ﺯﻭﺟــﻪ‬

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‫ﻧﺎﺋﻠـﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴﻪ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﻟﻜﻨﻬﻢ ﺿﺮﺑﻮﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻴﻒ ﻓﻘﻄﻌﺖ ﺃﺻﺎﺑﻌﻬﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﲤﻜﻨﻮﺍ ﻣﻨﻪ ‪-‬ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻪ‪ -‬ﻓﺴﺎﻝ ﺩﻣﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺼﺤﻒ ﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺷﻬﻴﺪﺍ ﰲ ﺻﺒﻴﺤﺔ ﻋﻴﺪ ﺍﻷﺿﺤﻰ ﺳﻨﺔ ) ‪ ٣٥‬ﻫـ ( ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺩﻓﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻘﻴﻊ‪٠٠٠‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻘﺘﻠﻪ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻨﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺍﱃ ﻳﻮﻣﻨﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ‪٠‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــ‬

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 ‫ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻹ ‪‬ﺳﻼﹶﻣﻲ‪ ‬ﺃﻳ‪‬ﺎﻡ ﻋ‪‬ﺜﻤﺎﻥ‬

‫ﻼ ﻣﺘﻤﺎﺳﻜﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﳜﺘﻠـﻒ‬

‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻹِﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻓﺎﺿ ﹰ‬
‫ﻳﻮﻡ ﺗﻮﱃ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺃﻛﺜـﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻟﻠﻴﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻣ ﹼﻞ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﳊﺰﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺮﻓﻘﻪ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺪﺓ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺣﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ‬
‫ﺇﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﺍﳋﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺑﻌﻬﺪ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻧﻘﺎﺹ ﺣﻖ ﻋﻬـﺪ ﻋﺜﻤـﺎﻥ‪ .‬ﻭﱂ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﺸﻮﺭﻯ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﻭﺻﻠﺖ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺃﻱ ﺃﺛﺮ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﲤﺖ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻃﺒﻴﻌـﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﳛﺎﻭﻝ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺭﺟﺎﳍﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﻌﻰ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻮﻑ ‪ -‬ﻛﻤـﺎ ﻧﻌﻠـﻢ ‪-‬‬
‫ﺳﻠﺦ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﺭﺷﺢ ﻏﲑﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﺳﻌﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺒﻖ ﺇﻻ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺯﺍﻫﺪ ﻓﻴﻬـﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻳﻊ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﻊ ﻏﲑﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﳜﺘﻠﻒ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﳍﺮﻣﺰﺍﻥ ﻭﺟﻔﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﺑﻨﺔ ﺃﰊ ﻟﺆﻟﺆﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﺪ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ‬
‫ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﳊﺎﺩﺛﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﺟﺮﳝﺔ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻛﺖ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﳎﻮﺱ ﻭﻳﻬﻮﺩ ﻭﻧﺼﺎﺭﻯ ‪ ...‬ﻭﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﻛـﺎﻥ ﻳﻈﻬـﺮ ﺍﻹِﺳـﻼﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻼﺩ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳍﻢ ﺩﻭﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﻟﻠﻘﺘﻞ ‪ ...‬ﻭﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻛﻮﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻻ ﺑ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﻗﺘﻠﻬﻢ ﻗﺼﺎﺻﹰﺎ ﻭﻭﺿﻌﹰﺎ ﻟﻠﺤﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﻭﻋﺒﺚ ﺃﻋﺪﺍﺀ ﺍﻹِﺳﻼﻡ ﺑﺄﻫﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺘـﻞ ﻻ‬
‫ﺑ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﺮﺃﻱ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺣﱴ ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺗﻌ ٍﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻼﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﱴ ﻻ‬
‫ﺉ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺭﺃﻳﻪ ﻭﻫﻮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ﺇﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﳊﺪﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﻠﺖ ﺯﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻣﺮ ٍ‬
‫‪ ...‬ﻭﳌﺎ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﻷﻣﺮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﻼ ﺑ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ ﻫـﻮ ﺍﻟـﺬﻱ‬
‫ﳛﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻭﻳﻨﻈﺮ ﰲ ﺃﻣﺮﻩ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺳﻮﻯ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺣ‪‬ﺒﺲ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺍﷲ ﺑﺎﻧﺘﻈـﺎﺭ ﺭﺃﻱ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺗﻮﱃ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﺟﻬﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺑ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺇﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﳊـﺪ ﻭﻫـﻮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺷﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﻭﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺻﻌﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺁﺧﺮ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺘﻞ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﺑﺎﻷﻣﺲ ﺑﺄﻳ ٍﺪ ﻗﺬﺭ ٍﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﻳﻘﺘﻞ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ ﻻ ﻳﻘﺘﻞ ﺑﻐـﲑ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺷﻚ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﰲ ﺇﺳﻼﻡ ﺍﳍﺮﻣﺰﺍﻥ ﻟﺬﺍ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻋﺮﺿﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﻮ ﻭﱄ ﺃﻣﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻘﺘﻮﻟﲔ ﺑﺼﻔﺘﻬﻢ ﻏﺮﺑﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻳﺪﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﻭﺗﻌﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﻻ ﺃﻭﻟﻴﺎﺀ ﳍﻢ‪،‬‬

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‫ﻭﻓﻜﺮ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺑﺪﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻛ ٍﻞ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺎﻳﻞ ﻟﺘﻌﻄﻴﻞ ﺣ ٍﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﺩﻓـﻊ ﻋﺒﻴـﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑـﻦ ﻋﻤـﺮ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺎﺫﺑﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳍﺮﻣﺰﺍﻥ ﻟﻴﻘﺘﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﺑﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﻋ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﳍﺮﻣﺰﺍﻥ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺎﺫﺑـﺎﻥ ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻧـﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺠﻢ ﺑﺎﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻳﺴﺘﺮﻭﺡ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻌﺾ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ﻓﲑﻭﺯ ﺑﺄﰊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻌﻪ ﺧﻨﺠﺮ ﻟﻪ ﺭﺃﺳﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﻨﺎﻭﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺗﺼﻨﻊ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ؟ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺁﻧﺲ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﺁﻩ ﺭﺟﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺃﺻﻴﺐ ﻋﻤﺮ‪،‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳍﺮﻣﺰﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﻓﻌﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻓﲑﻭﺯ‪ .‬ﻓﺄﻗﺒﻞ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺍﷲ ﻓﻘﺘﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﳌﺎ ﻭﱄ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺩﻋﺎﱐ‬
‫ﻓﺄﻣﻜﻨﲏ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺑﲏ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻗﺎﺗﻞ ﺃﺑﻴﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻧﺖ ﺃﻭﱃ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺫﻫﺐ ﻓﺎﻗﺘﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺨﺮﺟﺖ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻭﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺇﻻ ﻣﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃ‪‬ﻢ ﻳﻄﻠﺒﻮﻥ ﺇﱄ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﳍﻢ ‪ :‬ﺃﱄ ﻗﺘﻠﻪ ؟ ﻗـﺎﻟﻮﺍ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻧﻌﻢ ‪ -‬ﻭﺳﺒ‪‬ﻮﺍ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﷲ ‪ -‬ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ‪ :‬ﺃﻓﻠﻜﻢ ﺃﻥ ﲤﻨﻌﻮﻩ ؟ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ ‪ :‬ﻻ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺒ‪‬ﻮﻩ ﻓﺘﺮﻛﺘﻪ ﷲ ﻭﳍـﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﺣﺘﻤﻠﻮﱐ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﺍﷲ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻠﻐﺖ ﺍﳌﱰﻝ ﺇﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺅﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ ﻭﺃﻛﻔﻬﻢ‪ .‬ﻭ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻋﻔﺎ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻫﺎ ﻗﺎﻡ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﺪﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻻ ﺃﻭﻟﻴﺎﺀ ﳍﻢ ﻓﺎﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻫـﻮ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ ﳍﻢ ﰒ ﺭﺩﺕ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺣﻠﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺸـﻜﻠﺔ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘـﺔ‬
‫ﻼ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻘﻄﻊ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺎﺩ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﲤﺎﺳﻜﻪ ﻭﺭﺟﻊ ﻓﺎﺿ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﺑﺪﺃ ﻳﻔﻘﺪ ﻣﻘﻮﻣﺎﺗﻪ ﺗﺪﺭﳚﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻳﻌﻮﺩ ﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺬﺍﺕ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺘﻐﲑ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺳﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﺣﺎﺯﻣﹰﺎ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﹰﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻣﺮﺍﺋﻪ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺧﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺟﻌﻞ ﻟـﻪ ﻫﻴﺒـﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ ﲝﻴﺚ ﻻ ﳚﺮﺅ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳐﺎﻟﻔﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﻮﺯﻱ ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻗﺪﻡ ﻣﻜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻗﺒـﻞ‬
‫ﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ ﻳﺴﻌﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮﺍ ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ‪ ،‬ﺇﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﺑﺘﲎ ﺩﺍﺭﹰﺍ ﻓﺤﺒﺲ ﻣﺴﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻟﻴﻬـﺪﻡ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﺯﻟﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻗﺒﻞ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﻣﻌﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺓ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺃﺣﺠﺎﺭﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪ :‬ﺍﺭﻓﻊ ﻫﺬﺍ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺮﻓﻌﻪ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺃﺣﺠﺎﺭﺍﹰ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﲬﺴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺳﺘﺔ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﻜﻌﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳚﻌﻞ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻳﺄﻣﺮ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﺒﻄﻦ ﻣﻜﺔ ﻓﻴﻄﻴﻌﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﻱ ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺟﺎﺀﻩ ﻣﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻓﺠﻠﺲ ﻳﻘﺴﻤﻪ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻨـﺎﺱ ﻓـﺎﺯﺩﲪﻮﺍ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻗﺒﻞ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻭﻗﺎﺹ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻳﺰﺍﺣﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺣﱴ ﺧﻠﺺ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﻼﻩ ﻋﻤـﺮ‬

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‫ﺑﺎﻟﺪﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺃﻗﺒﻠﺖ ﻻ ‪‬ﺎﺏ ﺳﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺍﷲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺣﺒﺒﺖ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻋﻠﻤﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺳﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﻻ ﻳﻬﺎﺑﻚ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻴﻨﹰﺎ ﻟﻠﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻃﻤﻌﻬﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻃﺎﻟﺒﻮﻩ ﺑﺄﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻋـﺰﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻋﺰﻝ ﺍﳌﻐﲑﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺷﻌﺒﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﻭﻭﱃ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻭﻗـﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻋﺰﻟـﻪ ﻭﻭﱃ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻘﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻋﺰﻟﻪ ﻭﻭﱃ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻋﺰﻟﻪ ﻭﻭﱃ ﺃﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺮﻱ‪ .‬ﻭﻋﺰﻝ‬
‫ﺃﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺮﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ ﻭﻭﱃ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻛﺮﻳﺰ‪ .‬ﻭﻋﺰﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑـﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻭﻭﱃ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﺮﺡ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻴﻨﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺓ ﻓﺘﻄـﺎﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﻓﻌﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﻄﺒﻌﻪ ﻟﻴﻨﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻄﺒﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺯﻣﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﺷﺘﺪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻫﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﺇﺫﺍ ‪‬ﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺷﻲﺀ ﲨﻊ ﺃﻫﻠﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﳍﻢ ‪ :‬ﺇﱐ ‪‬ﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻋـﻦ‬
‫ﻛﺬﺍ ﻭﻛﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻳﻨﻈﺮﻭﻥ ﺇﻟﻴﻜﻢ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻨﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﲑ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻭﻗﻌﺘﻢ ﻭﻗﻌـﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫ﻫﺒﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﺑﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﺇﱐ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻻ ﺃﻭﺗﻰ ﺑﺮﺟﻞ ﻣﻨﻜﻢ ﻭﻗﻊ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﻨـﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﺿـﻌﻔﺖ ﻟـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺍﺏ ﳌﻜﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﲏ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﺷﺎﺀ ﻓﻠﻴﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺷﺎﺀ ﻓﻠﻴﺘﺄﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺳﻴﺪﻧﺎ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻴﻨـﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻫﻠﻪ ﻭﺃﻗﺮﺑﺎﺋﻪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻴﻨﹰﺎ ﻟﻠﻨﺎﺱ ﲨﻴﻌﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻭﺍﻷﺣﺮﻯ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺫﺍ ﺭﻓﻖ ﺑﺬﻱ‬
‫ﺭﲪﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻮﻡ ﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻹِﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻳﻨﻔﻖ ﻣﺎ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻭﲡﻬﻴـﺰ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻴﻮﺵ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻐﺰﻭ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻮﺣﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﻨﺎﺋﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻲﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬
‫ﲝﺎﻟﺔ ﻏﲎ ﻭﺛﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺖ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻗﺮﺑﺎﺋﻪ ﻳﻌﻄﻴﻬﻢ ﻭﻳﺘﻘﺮﺏ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﻭﻳﻘﺮ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﻣﺮ ﳏﺒـﺐ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﻳﺼﻞ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺭﲪﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻠﲔ ﳍﻢ ﻗﺪ ﺃﻃﻌﻤﻬﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﱃ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﻟﻘﺪﺭﺗﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻔﺎﺀ‪‬ﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻭﻻﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗـﺪ‬
‫ﻋﺮﻑ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﳛﺐ ﺍﻗﺮﺑﺎﺀﻩ ﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻮﱃ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺎﺩﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻻ ﺗﺰﺍﻝ ﺿﻌﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﺃﺣﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻻ ﺗﺰﺍﻝ ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﺃﻗﺮﺏ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻄﺔ ﺍﳍﺎﺩﺋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺑﻜﻞ ﻣـﺎ ﻳـﺄﰐ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﱪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺪﺍﺋﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﺃﻭﺍﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺓ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻧﺸﻐﺎﳍﻢ ﺑﺎﳉﻬﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﲑ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻐﻮﺭ ﻭﺍﻻﻧﻄﻼﻕ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻮﺣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﻭﻧﺸﺮ ﺍﻹِﺳﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤـﺎ ﺗﻮﺳـﻌﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﺎﺀ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﻐﻨﺎﺋﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﺟﻬﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﻋﺖ ﺍﻟﻐﻨﺎﺋﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺗﻠﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻋﻄﻴﺖ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﺇﱃ‬

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‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺣﱴ ﻛﺜﺮﺕ ﺑﺄﻳﺪﻳﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﻝ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺳﻴﺪﻧﺎ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻌﻄﻲ ﻭﻳـﻮﺯﻉ ﻣـﺎ ﰲ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﻟﻜﺜﺮﺓ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﳊﺎﻟﻪ ﻭﻛﺮﻣﻪ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﻓﲔ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺣﻴﺎﻧﹰﺎ ﻳﻌﻄﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺎﺋﺾ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺟﻌﻞ ﺍﳊﺎﻝ ﺗﺘﻐﲑ ﺗﺪﺭﳚﻴﹰﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺣـﱴ‬
‫ﺃﻭﺍﺧﺮ ﻋﻬﺪ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺣﱴ ﺯﺍﺩﺕ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﲑ ﺍﻧﻔﺮﺍﺟﹰﺎ ﻭﻭﺻﻠﺖ ﺇﱃ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﻭﺍﺳـﻌ ٍﺔ ﻧﺴـﺒﻴﹰﺎ ﰲ‬
‫‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﻗﺪ ﻣﻨﻊ ﻛﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﺮﻭﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨـﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺑﻘـﺎﻫﻢ ﲜﺎﻧﺒـﻪ‬
‫ﻟﻴﻜﻮﻧﻮﺍ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﺎﺭﻳﻦ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﱴ ﻳﺒﻘﻮﺍ ﺃﲰﻰ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻐﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻌﺘﺮﺽ ﺳﺒﻴﻠﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟـﺒﻼﺩ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﻮﻓﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺪﺧﻠﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻹِﺳﻼﻡ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﹰﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻷﻣﺼﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻳﻔﺘﻨﻮﺍ ‪‬ﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻓﻴﻘﻮﻟﻮﻥ ‪ :‬ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺻﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﺳﻴﺪ ﺍﳋﻠﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻـﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﺭﺳـﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻭ‪...‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﳍﻢ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ‪ :‬ﻛﻔﺎﻛﻢ ﻣﺎ ﺟﺎﻫﺪﰎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻊ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑـﻦ‬
‫ﻋﻔﺎﻥ ﲰﺢ ﳍﻢ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺴﻴﺎﺡ ﰲ ﺃﺭﺽ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻻﻧﻄﻼﻕ ﺃﻳﻨﻤﺎ ﺷﺎﺅﻭﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺯﺍﺩ ﺣﺎﳍﻢ ﻭﻛﺜـﺮﺕ‬
‫ﺃﻣﻼﻛﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻨﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻣﺼﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺑﲎ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻡ ﺩﺍﺭﹰﺍ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺼـﺮﺓ ﻭﻏﲑﻫـﺎ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﻭﻣﺼﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﲎ ﻃﻠﺤﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺩﺍﺭﹰﺍ ﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻳﻨﺘﻘﻠﻮﻥ ﺑﲔ ﺃﻣﻼﻛﻬـﻢ‬
‫ﻭﺿﻴﺎﻋﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻨﺎﻩ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻮﻑ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﺯﻳﺪ ﺑـﻦ ﺛﺎﺑـﺖ‬
‫ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺭﺗﺒﻂ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻷﻣﺼﺎﺭ ﲟﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺘﺼﻞ ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﳛﺘﻚ ﻣﻌﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﺭﺳـﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‬
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‫ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺗﻐﲑ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﰲ ﻋﻬﺪ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﱂ ﻳﻐﻴ‪‬ﺮ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺒـﺪﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ‬
‫ﳛﺪﺙ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺒﺘﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺳﲑﺓ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻋﻦ ‪‬ﺞ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﲔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕـﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺣﺒﻪ ﻷﻗﺮﺑﺎﺋﻪ ﻭﻛﺮﻣﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻄﺎﺀ ﻗﺪ ﺃﻃﻤﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻓﻜﺜﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﱄ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﻗﺎﺀ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻬﺎ ﻗﺪ ﺷﺠﻊ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻫﻮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﳋﻔـﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺜـﺮﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺪﻱ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﻛﺘﻔﺎﺅﻫﻢ ﻗﺪ ﺟﻌﻞ ﺍﻷﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺗﺘﻜﻠﻢ ﻭﺑﺪﺃ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻧﻄﻼﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻬﺪﱘ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﺑﺪﺀ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺯ‪.‬‬
‫ــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺳﺒﺄ ﻭﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﰲ ﻇﻬﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻨﺔ‬

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‫ﺑﺪﺃﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻨﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺃﺷﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺳﺒﺄ )ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺩﺍﺀ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻬﻮﺩ ﺻﻨﻌﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬
‫ﺃﻣﻪ ﺳﻮﺩﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﻋ‪‬ﺮﻑ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻟﻴﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺛﲑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔـﻮﺱ ﺃﻭﻟﺌـﻚ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻋﺮﺍﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺪﻭ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺩﺍﻧﻮﺍ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﹰﺎ ﺑﺎﻹِﺳﻼﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻣﺼـﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺗﻨﻘـﻞ ﰲ ﺑﻠـﺪﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻓﺒﺪﺃ ﺑﺎﳊﺠﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺳﺎﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸـﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧـﻪ ﱂ‬
‫ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺛﲑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻮﻩ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﺳـﺘﻘﺮ ﻫﻨـﺎﻙ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﳛ ﹼﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻳﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﺎﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﻭﻳﺘﺤﺪﺙ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﻭﻳﺒﺪﻱ ﺗﻔﻬﻤﻪ ﻟﻺِﺳـﻼﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻳ‪‬ﻈﻬﺮ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﻒ ﻣﻮﻗﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻘﻮﻝ ‪ :‬ﻋﺠﻴﺐ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺰﻋﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻜﺬﺏ‬
‫ﺑﺄﻥ ﳏﻤﺪﹰﺍ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ‪} :‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻓﺮﺽ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻟـﺮﺍﺩ‪‬ﻙ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩ{‪ .‬ﻓﻤﺤﻤﺪ ﺃﺣﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻮﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺟﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺑﺪﺃ ﺍﻟﺘﺸـﻜﻴﻚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻴـﺪﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻄﺮ‪‬ﻢ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ ﺑﺎﻹِﺳﻼﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻣﺼﺎﺭ ﻻ ﻳﻌﺮﻓﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺎﻗﺸﺎﺕ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺪﻭ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻌﻴﺸﻮﻥ ﻣﻌﻬﻢ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺟﻼﻓﺔ ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻗﺘﻨﻌﻮﺍ ﺑﺸـﻲﺀ ﺻـﻌﺐ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻼﺻـﻪ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﻧﻔﻮﺳﻬﻢ‪ .‬ﻭﺭﺃﻯ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻴﻬﻮﺩﻱ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺑﻘﻮﺍ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﺮﺍﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻳﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﲔ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬
‫ﻭﻭﺯﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺃﻣﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺪﻋﻰ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻌﻀﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺆﺧﺬ ﺭﺃﻳﻪ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺸـﻜﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻫـﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻗﺮﺍﺑﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ  ﻭﻋﻠﻤﻪ ﻭﻓﻬﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﺭﺃﻯ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳋﺒﻴﺚ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﻛﺰ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﰊ ﺍﳉﻠﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻳﺪﻋﻮ ﻟﻪ ﻻ ﺣﺒﹰﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻟﺒﺬﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻨﺔ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﱴ ﻻ‬
‫ﻳ‪‬ﻌﺮﻑ ﳐﻄﻄﻪ ﻓﻴﻈﻬﺮ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺪﻋﻮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﻚ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺪﻋﻮﺗﻪ ﻷﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺯﻳﻦ ﻣـﻦ ﺍﻟﺼـﺤﺎﺑﺔ‬
‫ﲣﻔﻲ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻀﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻘﺮ‪‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻔﻮﺱ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻌﺮﻓﻮﻥ ﻗﺪﺭ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ .‬ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﹰﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻭﺻﻲ ﳏﻤﺪ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻧﱯ ﻭﺻﻴﹰﺎ‪ .‬ﰒ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺑﺬﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻨﺔ ﻭﺇﻟﻘﺎﺀ ﺟﺬﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺀ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﻳﻄﻌﻦ ﺑﺎﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻭﺑﻮﻻﺗﻪ ﻭﺍﻣﺮﺍﺋﻪ ﻭﺃ‪‬ﻢ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻷﺟـﻼﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃ‪‬ـﻢ ﱂ‬
‫ﳛﺘﻠﻮﺍ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺇﻻ ﻟﻜﻮ‪‬ﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻭﻱ ﺭﺣﻢ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺑﻠﻎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮ ﻋﺘﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﺃ‪‬ـﻢ ﻗـﺪ‬
‫ﺃﺛﺮﻭﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﻃﻴﻌﺔ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺪﻳﻬﻢ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻇﻬﺮﺕ ﺑﺬﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺮ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﺎ ﻇﻬﺮﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﺇﺫ ﺑﺪﺃ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﱄ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌـﺎﺹ‬
‫ﺣﱴ ﻭﺻﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻡ ﻭﺃﻭﻟﺌﻚ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺍﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺩﺍﻧﻮﺍ ﺑﺎﻹِﺳﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺎﺭﺙ ﺍﻷﺷﺘﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﻌﻲ ﻭﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻗﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻤﻴـﻞ ﺑـﻦ ﺯﻳـﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺨﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﻦ ﺻﻮﺣﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻨﺪﺏ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻫﲑ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻣﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻨﺪﺏ ﺑـﻦ ﻛﻌـﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺯﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺮﻭﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﻌﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﻤﻖ ﺍﳋﺰﺍﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺜﺎﳍﻢ ﻣـﻦ ﺃﻫـﻞ ﺍﻟﺼـﺤﺮﺍﺀ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺒﺎﺋﻞ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺃﻭﺍﺧﺮ ﻋﻬﺪ ﺳﻴﺪﻧﺎ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺮﻭﺭ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺴﻠﻤﻪ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ٣٤‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴ‪‬ﺮ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﳌﻨﺤﺮﻓﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃ‪‬ﻢ ﺭﺩ‪‬ﻭﺍ ﻣﺮﺓ‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮﺍ ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻟﻴﺴﺘﺎ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺑﺪﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﲡﻬﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳉﺰﻳـﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸـﺪﺩ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻴ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻷﺷﺘﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺨﻴ‪‬ﺮﻩ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔـﺔ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺮﻏﺐ ﺳﻜﻨﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺑـﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺩﺍﺀ ﰲ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻳﺮﺍﺳﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺛﹼﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻷﻣﺼﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﰲ ﺍﺿﺮﺍﻡ ﻧﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
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‫ﲨﻊ ﺃﻣﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﻷﻣﺼﺎﺭ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺳﻢ ﺍﳊﺞ‬

‫ﲨﻊ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ ﺃﻣﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﻷﻣﺼﺎﺭ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺳﻢ ﺍﳊﺞ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ٣٤‬ﻫـ ﻭﻫﻢ ‪ :‬ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺑﻦ‬
‫ﺃﰊ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﺮﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳـﻌﻴﺪ ﺑـﻦ ﺍﻟﻌـﺎﺹ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺸﺎﺭﻫﻢ ﰲ ﺃﻣﺮ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﳌﻨﺤﺮﻓﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻜﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺷﲑ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺄﻥ‬
‫ﻳﻨﻘﻞ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﳌﻨﺤﺮﻓﲔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺜﻐﻮﺭ ﻓﻴﻨﺸﻐﻠﻮﺍ ﺑﺄﻧﻔﺴﻬﻢ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺍﻗﺘﺮﺡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺇﻋﻄﺎﺋﻬﻢ ﺍﻷﻋﻄﻴـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺣﱴ ﻳﺮﺿﺨﻮﺍ ﻟﻸﻣﺮ ﻭﻳ‪‬ﻄﻴﻌﻮﺍ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﱂ ﻳﺮ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﻱ ﻭﻻ ﺫﺍﻙ‪ .‬ﻭﳌﺎ ﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‬
‫ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺒﺔ ﺑﺄﰊ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺮﻱ ﺑﺪ ﹰﻻ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﺠﺎﺏ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﻠﺐ‬
‫ﱃ ﺃﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﻷﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ "ﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺃﻣﺮﺕ ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺰﻝ ﺳﻌﻴﺪﹰﺍ ﻭﻭ ﹼ‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮﰎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻋﻔﻴﻜﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺳـﻌﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﻷﻓﺮﺷـﻨﻜﻢ ﻋﺮﺿـﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻷﺑـﺬﻟﻦ ﻟﻜـﻢ ﺻـﱪﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻷﺳﺘﺼﻠﺤﻨﻜﻢ ﲜﻬﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﺗﺪﻋﻮﺍ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﺃﺣﺒﺒﺘﻤﻮﻩ ﻻ ﻳ‪‬ﻌﺼﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺳﺄﻟﺘﻤﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ‬

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‫ﻻ ﻳ‪‬ﻌﺼﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻔﻴﺖ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻧﺰﻝ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺃﺣﺒﺒﺘﻢ ﺣﱴ ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺣﺠﺔ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺳﺎﺭ ﺣﺬﻳﻔﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻏﺎﺯﻳﹰﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﺑﻮﺍﺏ‪.‬‬
‫ﱂ ﺗﻔﺪ ﺍﳌﺨﺮﺑﲔ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﻟﻴﻨﻪ ﳍﻢ ﺑﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮﻭﺍ ﰲ ﺗﺼـﺮﻓﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﻛﻼﻣﻬـﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺭﺳـﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﻣﺼﺎﺭ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻠﻌﻮﻥ ﺁﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻌﺮﻓـﻮﻥ ﺃﺧﺒـﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺴـﻠﻤﲔ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻮﻗﻔﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺑﻌﺚ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺳﺎﻣﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻤ‪‬ﺎﺭ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺎﺳﺮ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺼﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺟﺎﻻ ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﺳﻮﺍﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﺟـﻊ ﺍﳉﻤﻴـﻊ ﻭﱂ‬
‫ﻳﻨﻜﺮﻭﺍ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﻋﻤ‪‬ﺎﺭ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺎﺳﺮ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺗﺄﺧﺮ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﻊ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺸﺎﻉ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺟﺎﺀ ﻭﻓﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﺮ ﰲ ﺭﺟﺐ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ٣٥‬ﻫـ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺯ ﻳﻈﻬﺮﻭﻥ ﺃ‪‬ﻢ ﻳﺮﻳﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺘﻬﻢ ﻣﻨﺎﻇﺮﺓ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺘﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻟﺒﻠﺒﺔ ﺍﻵﺭﺍﺀ ﻭﺇﺷﻌﺎﻝ ﻧﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻨـﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﲤـﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺑﺪﻯ ﺭﺃﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻗﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺪ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺼـﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻣﻨـﻬﻢ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﻭﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﺧﻞ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻀﺮ ﺧﻄﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺃﺛـﲎ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻐﻔﺮ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻜﻰ ﻭﺃﺑﻜﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﳌﺼـﺮﻳﻮﻥ ﺭﺍﺟﻌـﲔ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺑﻼﺩﻫﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻫﻞ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺭﺟﻌﻮﺍ ﺑﺪﺅﻭﺍ ﳛﺮ‪‬ﺿﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﻣﺼﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨـﺔ ﻭﺇﻇﻬـﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻮﻯ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺄﻓﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻷﻭﺿﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻷﻥ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺃﺣﺮﻯ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻮﺿﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﺇﺫ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻘﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻭﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻭﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺍﺗﻔﻘﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻳﺴﲑﻭﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﰲ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺷﻮﺍﻝ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺴﲑﻫﻢ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺝ ﳌﻐﺎﻓﻠـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻧﺸﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﺴﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻄﺎﻕ ﺃﻭﺳﻊ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻧﻄﻠﻖ ﺃﻫﻞ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻭﻋـﺪﺩﻫﻢ ‪-٦٠٠‬‬
‫‪ ١٠٠٠‬ﺭﺟﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺍﻧﻄﻠﻖ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﻭﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺧﺮﺟﺖ ﻛﻞ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻓﺮﻕ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﻓﺮﻗﺔ ﺃﻣﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﻤﻴﻊ ﺃﻣﲑ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻷﻣﺮ ﻳﺒﺪﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲣﻄـﻴﻂ‬
‫ﻭﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻫﻞ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻓﻘﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻜﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻌﻬﻢ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺩﺍﺀ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻢ ﻳﺮﻳﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻟﻌﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻷﺻﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻌﻬﻢ ﺯﻳـﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻦ ﺻﻮﺣﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ ﺣﺮﻗﻮﺹ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺯﻫﲑ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻌﻬﻢ ﺣﻜﻴﻢ ﺑـﻦ‬
‫ﺟﺒﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪﻱ‪ .‬ﻭﲟﺴﲑﻫﻢ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺝ ﱂ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺀ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻮﻧﻮﺍ ﻟﻴﺘﺼـﻮﺭﻭﺍ‬

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‫ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺫﻣﺔ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻔﻜﺮ ﺑﻘﺘﻞ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺃﻭ ﲡﺮﺅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﳍﺠﺮﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﻟﺬﺍ ﱂ ﻳﺒﺬﻟﻮﺍ ﺟﻬﺪﹰﺍ ﺑﺈﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻗﻮﺓ ﲢﻮﻝ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺗﺴﲑ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨـﺔ ﻟﺘﻤﻨـﻊ ﺃﻣـﲑ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺻﻞ ﺍﳌﻨﺤﺮﻓﻮﻥ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻘﺮﺑﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﱰﻝ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻳﻮﻥ ﺑﺬﻱ ﺍﳌﺮﻭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﺰﻝ ﺃﻫـﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﻋﻮﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ ﺑﺬﻱ ﺍﳋﺸﺐ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﲰﻊ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﲟﺎ ﳛﺪﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮﺍ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻘﺘﺤﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻜﻠﻤﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻣـﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣـﺪ‪‬ﺙ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﺎ ﰲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﻛﺐ ﻭﻳﺮﻛﺐ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﻟﻴﻤﻨﻌﻮﺍ ﺍﳌﻨﺤﺮﻓﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺩﺧﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻋﻨﻮﺓ‬
‫ﻓﻔﻌﻞ ﻭﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻃﻠﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻭﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺔ ﻭﻛﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﳌﺎ ﺭﺃﻯ ﺍﳌﻨﺤﺮﻓـﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻟﻠﺪﻓﺎﻉ ﻋﻦ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﳍﺠﺮﺓ ﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﳋﻮﻑ ﰲ ﻧﻔﻮﺳﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻛﻠﻤﻬﻢ ﻋﻠـﻲ‬
‫ﺃﻇﻬﺮﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﳋﻀﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺑﺪﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﺒﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺩﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻣﺼﺎﺭﻫﻢ ﻭﺍﳍﺪﻭﺀ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌـﻞ‬
‫ﻓﻘﺪ ﺭﺟﻌﻮﺍ ﺃﺩﺭﺍﺟﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻇ ‪‬ﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳋﻄﺮ ﻗﺪ ﺯﺍﻝ ﻋﻦ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﳍﺠﺮﺓ ﻓﻌﺎﺩﻭﺍ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﱂ ﻳﺴﺘﻘﺮﻭﺍ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺣﱴ ﺃﺭﻭﻋﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺃﺯﻗﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﳏﺎﺻﺮﺓ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺳﻴﺪﻧﺎ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺳﺄﳍﻢ ﺳﻴﺪﻧﺎ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺭﺟﻮﻋﻬﻢ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﹰﺎ ﻟﻘﺘﻠﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻇﻬﺮ ﺃﻫﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺮ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻗﺘﻞ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻲ ‪ :‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻝ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﻗﺪ ﻋﺎﺩﻭﺍ ؟ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮﺍ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﻀﺎﻣﻨﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺭﻓﺎﻗﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺧﱪ ﻛﻞ ﻓﺮﻳﻖ ﲟﺎ ﺣﺪﺙ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ؟‬
‫ﻭﻫﻨﺎ ﻳﺒﺪﻭ ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﺍﳌﺴﺒﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﲔ ﻏﻔﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻨﺎ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ‬
‫ﺗﻠﻔﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻇﻬﺮﻩ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻳﻮﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﺣﺼﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻳﺴﲑﹰﺍ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳜﺮﺝ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳـﺄﰐ ﺍﻟﺼـﺤﺎﺑﺔ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺄﰐ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ‪ .‬ﰒ ﺑﻌﺚ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻣﺼﺎﺭ ﻳﺄﻣﺮﻫﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺳﻠﻮﺍ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﳉﻨﺪ ﻟﻴﻨﺼـﺮﻭﻩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﳜﺮﺟﻮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺭﺋﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻋﺮﻑ ﺍﳌﻨﺤﺮﻓﻮﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳋﱪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺣﺒﻴﺐ ﺑـﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺳﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺞ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻌﻘﺎﻉ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﳎﺎﺷﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻤﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺃﺱ ﻗﻮﺓ ﻟﻨﺼﺮﺓ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺗﻐﻴ‪‬ﺮ ﺣﺼﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﺷـﺘﺪ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﳌﻨﺤﺮﻓﲔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻛﻌﺎﺩﺗﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﻄﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﺎﻃﺐ ﺍﳌﺨﺮﺑﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻡ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺔ ﻓﺸﻬﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﻓﺎﺳﻜﺘﻪ ﺣﻜﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺟﺒﻠﺔ ﻭﺗﻜﻠﻢ ﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻓﺄﺳﻜﺘﻪ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ‬

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‫ﻗﺘﲑﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺼﺐ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﺑﻌﻀﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺻﻴﺐ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻏﻤﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﻘﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺩﺍﺭﻩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻭﺃﺑﻨﺎﺅﻫﻢ ﻭﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻌﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻭﻗﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﻳـﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻦ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺭﺍﺩﻭﺍ ﻗﺘﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻨﺤﺮﻓﲔ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻗﺪ ﻣﻨﻌﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺃﻻ ﳛﺪﺙ ﺷﻲﺀ‬
‫ﺑﺴﺒﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﺍﺭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻛﻼ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﻃﻠﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻋﺎﺩ ﻓﺪﺧﻞ ﺑﻴﺘـﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺷ‪‬ـﺪ‪‬ﺩ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﳊﺼﺎﺭ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻌﺪ ﳜﺮﺝ ﺃﺑﺪﹰﺍ ﺣﱴ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﺳﺘﺸﻬﺎﺩﻩ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻨﺤﺮﻓﻮﻥ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺯﻋﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻳﲔ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻓﻘﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻜـﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﺟﺪ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺃﻭ ﻃﻠﺤﺔ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻊ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺭﺳـﻞ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻠـﻲ‬
‫ﻭﻃﻠﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻭﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﻭﺃﻣﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻓﺄﺳﻌﻔﻪ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﺃﻡ ﺣﺒﻴﺒﺔ ﺭﻣﻠﺔ ﺑﻨﺖ ﺃﰊ ﺳـﻔﻴﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺯﺟﺮ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺋﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺮﻋﻮﻭﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳊﲔ ﻭﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﻳﻄﻞ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻭﻟﺌـﻚ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﺤﺮﻓﲔ ﺍﶈﺎﺻﺮﻳﻦ ﻟﻪ ﻓﻴﻌﻈﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻻ ﻳﺄ‪‬ﻮﻥ ﻷﺣﺪ ﺣـﱴ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻡ ﺣﺒﻴﺒـﺔ ﱂ ﺗﺴـﺘﻄﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻹﺳﻌﺎﻓﻪ ﺑﺎﳌﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺿﺮﺑﻮﺍ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺑﻐﻠﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻛﺎﺩﺕ ﺗﺴﻘﻂ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣـﺎ ﺃﻟـﺰﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﻴﻮ‪‬ﻢ ﻻ ﳜﺮﺝ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺇﻻ ﻭﻣﻌﻪ ﺳﻴﻔﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺍﺧﺘﻞ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﻣـﻦ ﰲ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﳍﺠـﺮﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺩﺧﻞ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺃﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻭﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ‬
‫ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻭﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻭﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﺃﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻃﻠﺤﺔ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻃﻠﺐ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺃﻻ‬
‫ﻳﻘﺎﺗﻠﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺰﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﺷﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﳝﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﺭﺕ ﺃﻡ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﺞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻃﻠﺐ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﺃﻥ ﳛـﺞ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﻣﻊ ﺃﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺭﺍﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﻘﻰ ﳎﺎﻫﺪﹰﺍ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺃﺻ ‪‬ﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﺨﺮﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﺞ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺻﻠﺖ ﺍﻷﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﻹﻣﺪﺍﺩ ﻗﺪ ﺩﻧﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺎﺀ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻗﺪ‬
‫ﻭﺻﻞ ﺇﱃ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻯ ﻓﺨﺎﻑ ﺍﳌﻨﺤﺮﻓﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺭﺍﺩﻭﺍ ﺩﺧﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻓﻤﻨﻌﻬﻢ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻃﻠﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳـﻌﻴﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﺴﻮﺭﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻮﺧﺔ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺣـﺰﻡ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺃﺣﺮﻗـﻮﺍ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻴﺪﻧﺎ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﺴﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻠﻘﻮﺍ ﺳﻴﻮﻓﻬﻢ ﺣﱴ ﺃﻟﻘﺎﻫﺎ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺠﻢ ﺍﳌﻨﺤﺮﻓﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻓﻀﺮﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻓﻘﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻜﻲ ﲝﺪﻳﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺿﺮﺏ ﻗﺘﲑﺓ ﺑﻦ‬

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‫ﲪﺮﺍﻥ ﺯﻭﺝ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻧﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺭﻓﻌﺖ ﻳﺪﻫﺎ ﺗﺪﺍﻓﻊ ﻋﻦ ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﻓﻘﻄﻊ ﺃﺻـﺎﺑﻌﻬﺎ ﰒ ﺿـﺮﺏ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺃﺧﻮﻩ ﺳﻮﺩﺍﻥ ﺑﻦ ﲪﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻮﱐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻛﻨﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺑﺸﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻴﱯ ﻓﻘﺘـﻞ‬
‫ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﺑﻞ ﻗﺘﻠﻪ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﻤﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺘﻞ ﻏﻼﻡ ﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺳﻮﺩﺍﻥ ﺑﻦ ﲪﺮﺍﻥ ﻓﻘﺘـﻞ‬
‫ﻗﺘﲑﺓ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻏﻼﻡ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻗﺘﲑﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧ‪‬ﻬﺒﺖ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻧ‪‬ﻬﺐ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﻗﺪﺭﹰﺍ ﻣﻘﺪﻭﺭﹰﺍ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺷﺪﻱ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﺳﻴﺪﻧﺎ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻪ ﰲ ‪ ١٨‬ﺫﻱ ﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ٣٥‬ﻣﻦ ﻫﺠﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺼﻄﻔﻰ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺬﺍ ﺗﻜﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺪﺓ ﺧﻼﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺛﻨﱵ‬
‫ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﻻ ﺍﺛﲏ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻳﻮﻣﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺮﻩ ﺇﺫ ﺫﺍﻙ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﺳﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﺎﺩ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺝ ﻓﻮﺟﺪﻭﺍ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺘﻬﻢ ﻣﻘﺘﻮﻻ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺴﺘﺘﺐ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺳﻴﺪﻧﺎ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ ﺑﺌﺮ ﺃﺭﻭﻣﺔ ﻭﺟﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﲨﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻭﻝ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻭﺳﻊ ﻣﺴﺠﺪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑ ﹰﺔ ﻟﺮﻏﺒﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺣﲔ ﺿﺎﻕ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﺑﺄﻫﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
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‫ﻣﻘﺘﻞ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‬

‫ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﻣﻮﱃ ﺃﰊ ﺃﺳﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺪﻱ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻧﻘﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﻱ ﰲ "ﺗﺎﺭﳜﻪ" ‪٤١٤-٣٩٠/٣‬‬
‫ﺍﳉﺰﺀ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﺳﻴﺪﻧﺎ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﳚﺘﻤﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻓﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﻡ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﺮ ﳏﺘﺠﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪:‬‬
‫"ﲰﻊ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻭﻓﺪ ﺃﻫﻞ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻗﺪ ﺃﻗﺒﻠﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻘﺒﻠﻬﻢ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﻗﺮﻳﺔ ﻟﻪ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﺔ ﻋـﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﲰﻌﻮﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺃﻗﺒﻠﻮﺍ ﳓﻮﻩ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻫﻮ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺮﻩ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺪﻣﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺂﺗﻮﻩ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﺃﺩﻉ ﺑﺎﳌﺼﺤﻒ‪ :‬ﻓﺪﻋﺎ ﺑﺎﳌﺼﺤﻒ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﺍﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻳﺴﻤﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﻮﻧﺲ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺮﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺣﱴ ﺃﺗﻰ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻵﻳﺔ‪} :‬ﻗﻞ ﺃﺭﺃﻳﺘﻢ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻧﺰﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻟﻜﻢ ﻣـﻦ ﺭﺯﻕ‬
‫ﻓﺠﻌﻠﺘﻢ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﻣﹰﺎ ﻭﺣﻼ ﹰﻻ ﻗﻞ ﺍﷲ ﺃﺫﻥ ﻟﻜﻢ ﺃﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻔﺘﺮﻭﻥ{]ﻳﻮﻧﺲ‪ .[٥٩ :‬ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﻟـﻪ‬
‫ﻗﻒ‪ :‬ﺃﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﻣﺎ ﲪﻴﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻤﻰ؟ ﺁﷲ ﺃﺫﻥ ﻟﻚ ﺑﻪ ﺃﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻔﺘﺮﻱ؟ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻣﻀﻪ ﻧﺰﻟـﺖ‬
‫ﺖ ﺯﺍﺩﺕ ﰲ‬ ‫ﰲ ﻛﺬﺍ ﻭﻛﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﺍﳊﻤﻰ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﲪﻰ ﺍﳊﻤﻰ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ﻹﺑﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻗﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻭﻟﱢﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺇﺑﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻗﺔ ﻓﺰﺩﺕ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻤﻰ ﳌﺎ ﺯﺍﺩ ﰲ ﺇﺑﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻗﺔ‪ .‬ﺃﻣﻀﻪ‪ .‬ﻓﺠﻌﻠﻮﺍ ﻳﺄﺧﺬﻭﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﻵﻳﺔ ﻓﻴﻘﻮﻝ‪:‬‬

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‫ﺃﻣﻀﻪ ﻧﺰﻟﺖ ﰲ ﻛﺬﺍ ﻭﻛﺬﺍ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﻮﱃ ﻛﻼﻡ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ… ﺍﺑﻦ ﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﺳـﻨﺔ‪ .‬ﰒ ﺃﺧـﺬﻭﻩ‬
‫ﺑﺄﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﳐﺮﺝ ﻓﻌﺮﻓﻬﺎ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﺳﺘﻐﻔﺮ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺃﺗﻮﺏ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗـﺎﻝ ﳍـﻢ‪ :‬ﻣـﺎ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻳﺪﻭﻥ؟ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪ :‬ﻧﺄﺧﺬ ﻣﻴﺜﺎﻗﻚ ﻭﻛﺘﺒﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺷﺮﻃﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺧﺬ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺃﻻ ﻳﺸـﻘﻮﺍ ﻋﺼـﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﻳﻔﺎﺭﻗﻮﺍ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺎﻡ ﳍﻢ ﺑﺸﺮﻃﻬﻢ ﺃﻭ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﺧﺬﻭﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﳍﻢ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺗﺮﻳﺪﻭﻥ؟ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪ :‬ﻧﺮﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺃﻻ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻋﻄﺎﺀ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻻ! ﺇﳕﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﳌﻦ ﻗﺎﺗﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﳍـﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﻟﺸـﻴﻮﺥ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﺿﻮﺍ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻭﺃﻗﺒﻠﻮﺍ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺭﺍﺿﲔ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺎﻡ ﻓﺨﻄﺐ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﺇﱐ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻣﺎ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﻭﻓﺪﹰﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻫﻢ ﺧﲑ ﳊﻮﺑﺎﰐ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺪ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻗﺪﻭﺍ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ .‬ﻭﻗـﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪ :‬ﺧﺸﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﻣﺼﺮ‪ ،‬ﺃﻻ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻪ ﺯﺭﻉ ﻓﻠﻴﻠﺤﻖ ﺑﺰﺭﻋﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻟﻪ ﺿﺮﻉ ﻓﻠﻴﺤﺘﻠﺒﻪ‪ .‬ﺃﻻ ﺇﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻣﺎﻝ ﻟﻜﻢ ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ‪ ،‬ﺇﳕﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﳌﻦ ﻗﺎﺗﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﳍﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﻟﺸـﻴﻮﺥ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻐﻀﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪ :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻜﺮ ﺑﲏ ﺃﻣﻴﺔ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺰﺀ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﲢﻜﻴﻢ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ ﺑﲔ ﺳﻴﺪﻧﺎ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﻡ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺺ ﺁﺧـﺮ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺳﲑﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪" :‬ﻓﻌﺮﺽ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻘﺒﻠﻮﻩ" ﻭ‪‬ﺑ ِﻘﻴ‪‬ـﺖ ﺍﻟﺸـﺮﻭﻁ‬
‫ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺳﲑﻳﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﺍﺷﺘﺮﻃﻮﺍ ﲨﻴﻌﹰﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻨﻔﻲ ﻳ‪‬ﻘﻠﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﶈـﺮﻭﻡ‬
‫ﻳﻌﻄﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻮﻓﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﻲ ﻭﻳﻌﺪﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﺫﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﺎﻧﺔ"‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﱂ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺳﻴﺪﻧﺎ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻳﱪﺭ ﻛﻞ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻟﻪ ﻟﻮﻓﺪ ﻣﺼﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﳍﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻮﺡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳉﺰﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻋﺜﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻣﻬﻮﺭ ﲞﺎﰎ ﺳﻴﺪﻧﺎ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻳﺄﻣﺮ ﺑﻘﺘﻞ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺃﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺪ‪:‬‬
‫"ﰒ ﺭﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺪ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻳﻮﻥ ﺭﺍﺿﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺒﻴﻨﺎ ﻫﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺮﺍﻛـﺐ ﻳﺘﻌـﺮﺽ ﳍـﻢ‪ ،‬ﰒ‬
‫ﻳﻔﺎﺭﻗﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻳﻔﺎﺭﻗﻬﻢ ﻭﻳﺴﺒﻘﻬﻢ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﻟﻪ‪:‬ﻣﺎ ﻟﻚ؟ ﺇﻥ ﻟﻚ ﻷﻣﺮﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ ﺷﺄﻧﻚ؟‬
‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻪ ﲟﺼﺮ‪ .‬ﻓﻔﺘﺸﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻜﺘـﺎﺏ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻟﺴـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺧﺎﲤﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﱃ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻪ ﲟﺼﺮ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﻠﺒﻬﻢ ﺃﻭ ﻳﻘﺘﻠﻬﻢ ﺃﻭ ﻳﻘﻄﻊ ﺃﻳﺪﻳﻬﻢ ﻭﺃﺭﺟﻠﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺧﻼﻑ‪ .‬ﻓﺄﻗﺒﻠﻮﺍ ﺣﱴ ﻗﺪﻣﻮﺍ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺗﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪ :‬ﺃﱂ ﺗﺮ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺪﻭ ﺍﷲ؟ ﺇﻧﻪ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻓﻴﻨـﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻜﺬﺍ ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻗﺪ ﺃﺣﻞ ﺩﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻗﻢ ﻣﻌﻨﺎ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﻻ ﺃﻗﻮﻡ ﻣﻌﻜﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪ :‬ﹶﻓِﻠ ‪‬ﻢ‬

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‫ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻨﺎ؟ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻜﻢ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﹰﺎ ﻗﻂ‪ .‬ﻓﻨﻈﺮ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻌﺾ ﰒ ﻗـﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﻀـﻬﻢ‬
‫ﻟﺒﻌﺾ‪ :‬ﺃﳍﺬﺍ ﺗﻘﺎﺗﻠﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺗﻐﻀﺒﻮﻥ؟ ﻓﺎﻧﻄﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻓﺨﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻗﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓـﺎﻧﻄﻠﻘﻮﺍ‬
‫ﺣﱴ ﺩﺧﻠﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪ :‬ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ﻓﻴﻨﺎ ﺑﻜﺬﺍ ﻭﻛﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﳕﺎ ﳘﺎ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﺎﻥ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺗﻘﻴﻤـﻮﺍ‬
‫ﻋﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﺭﺟﻠﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﳝﻴﲏ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻛﺘﺒـﺖ ﻭﻻ ﺃﻣﻠﻠـﺖ ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻤﺖ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﻌﻠﻤﻮﺍ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻳﻜﺘﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻳﻨﻘﺶ ﺍﳋﺎﰎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳋـﺎﰎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﺣﻞ ﺍﷲ ﺩﻣﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﻘﻀﺖ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ ﻭﺍﳌﻴﺜﺎﻕ‪ .‬ﻓﺤﺎﺻﺮﻭﻩ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﻳ‪‬ﺴﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﺍﳉﺰﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻏﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﳘﻴﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺇﻧـﻪ ﻛﺸـﻒ‬
‫ﺣﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﻣﻄﻤﻮﺳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﺮﺳﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻗِﺒﻞ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ‪-‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺯﻋﻤﻮﺍ‪ -‬ﺃﻣﺮﻩ ﻋﺠﻴﺐ ﺣﲔ ﺇﻧﻪ ﺗﻌ‪‬ﺮﺽ ﻟﻠﻮﻓـﺪ ﰒ‬
‫ﻓﺎﺭﻗﻬﻢ ﰒ ﺭﺟﻊ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺄﻧﻪ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﳍﻢ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻠﻔﺖ ﻧﻈﺮﻫﻢ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻟﻴﺴﺄﻟﻮﻩ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺎ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺮﺳﻮﻝ ﻋﺎﺩﻱ ﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﲟﻬﻤﺔ ﺳﺮﻳﺔ ‪-‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺷﺄﻥ ﺍﳌﺮﺳﻠﲔ‪ -‬ﻭﻳﺮﻳـﺪ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﻫﺪﻓﻪ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻟﻔﺖ ﺃﻧﻈﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻫﻮ ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺜﲑ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺄﻧﻪ ﻳﻘـﻮﻝ ﳍـﻢ‪:‬‬
‫ﻼ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻭﻗﻒ ﻭﺳﺌﻞ ﻋﻤﺎ ﻣﻌﻪ‪.‬‬‫ﺃﺳﺄﻟﻮﱐ ﻣﺎ ﰊ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻣﻌﻲ؟ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺣﺼﻞ ﻓﻌ ﹰ‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻴﺪﻧﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﲢﺜﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍ‪‬ـﻲﺀ ﻟﻠﻤﺪﻳﻨـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﻮﺭﺓ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﺩﺍﺓ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﻴﺪﻧﺎ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻳﻨﻜﺮ ﺑﻌﺜﻪ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻜﻢ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﹰﺎ ﻗﻂ"‪ .‬ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻣﺰﻭﺭﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺒﻮﺍ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﺒﻌﺪ ﺃ‪‬ﻢ ﻫـﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺃﺭﺳﻠﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺰﻋﻮﻡ ﺑﻘﺘﻞ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻭﻓﺪ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻳﲔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﻧﻔﻲ ﺳﻴﺪﻧﺎ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺰﻋﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﳑﺎ ﻳﺪﻝ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳋﺎﰎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻣﻬﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺧﺎﰎ ﻣﺰﻭﺭ‬
‫ﻳﺸﺒﻪ ﺧﺎﰎ ﺳﻴﺪﻧﺎ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ ﺃﻥ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﻣﺆﺍﻣﺮﺓ ﲢﺎﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﳜـﺘﱮﺀ ﻭﺭﺍﺋﻬـﺎ‬
‫ﺭﺟﺎﻝ ﻣﺰﻭﺭﻭﻥ ﻳﺮﻳﺪﻭﻥ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳉﺰﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﺳﻴﺪﻧﺎ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻟﻠﻮﻓﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨﻌﻬﻢ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻋﻨﻪ‪:‬‬
‫"ﻭﺃﺷﺮﻑ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﲰﻊ ﺃﺣﺪﹰﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻳﺮﺩ ﺭﺟﻞ ﰲ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﺸﺪﻛﻢ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻫﻞ ﻋﻠﻤﺘﻢ ﺃﱐ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻳﺖ ﺑﺌﺮ ﺭﻭﻣـﻪ ﻣـﻦ ﻣـﺎﱄ‬

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‫ﻳﺴﺘﻌﺬﺏ ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺠﻌﻠﺖ ﺭﺷﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻛﺮﺷﺎﺀ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ؟ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻧﻌﻢ‪ .‬ﻗـﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﹶﻓﻌ‪‬ـﻼ ‪‬ﻡ‬
‫ﲤﻨﻌﻮﻧﲏ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺷﺮﺏ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺣﱴ ﺃﻓﻄﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ؟ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﺸﺪﻛﻢ ﺍﷲ ﻫـﻞ ﻋﻠﻤـﺘﻢ ﺃﱐ‬
‫ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻳﺖ ﻛﺬﺍ ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻓﺰﺩﺗﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ؟ ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻧﻌﻢ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﻬﻞ ﻋﻠﻤﺘﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺣـﺪﹰﺍ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﻨﻊ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ؟ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﺸﺪﻛﻢ ﺍﷲ ﻫﻞ ﲰﻌﺘﻢ ﻧﱯ ﺍﷲ  ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﻛـﺬﺍ‬
‫ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ‪-‬ﺃﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺷﺄﻧﻪ‪ -‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﷲ ﺇﻳﺎﻩ ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ ﺍﳌﻔﺼ‪‬ﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﻔﺸﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﻲ ﻓﺠﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻨـﺎﺱ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ‪ .‬ﻭﻓﺸﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﻲ ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺷﺘﺮ ﻳﻮﻣﺌﺬ ﺃﻭ ﰲ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻟﻌﻠﻪ‬
‫ﻳﻘﻮﻟﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﻣﻬ ﹰ‬
‫ﻗﺪ ﻣ‪‬ﻜﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺑﻜﻢ‪ .‬ﻓﻮﻃﺌﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺣﱴ ﻟﻘﻲ ﻛﺬﺍ ﻛﺬﺍ‪.‬‬
‫ﰒ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﻣﻮﱃ ﺃﰊ ﺃﺳﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻘﺺ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺔ‪ :‬ﻓﺮﺃﻳﺘﻪ ﺃﺷﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻣﺮﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‬
‫ﻓﻮﻋﻈﻬﻢ ﻭﺫﻛﹼﺮﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻢ ﺗﺄﺧﺬ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﺍﳌﻮﻋﻈﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺗﺄﺧﺬ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﺍﳌﻮﻋﻈﺔ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣـﺎ‬
‫ﻳﺴﻤﻌﻮ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺃﻋﻴﺪﺕ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﱂ ﺗﺄﺧﺬ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳉﺰﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﺇﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺆﺍﻣﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺩﺑﺮﺕ ﻟﺴﻴﺪﻧﺎ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳉﺰﺀ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ﺳﻴﺪﻧﺎ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻳﺮﻯ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ  ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ‬
‫"ﰒ ﺇﻧﻪ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﻭﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﳌﺼﺤﻒ ﺑﲔ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﺍﻙ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺭﺃﻯ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ  ﻳﻘـﻮﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﻓﻄﺮ ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻠﺔ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻳ‪‬ﺴﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺰﺀ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪:‬‬
‫ﺭﺅﻳﺔ ﺳﻴﺪﻧﺎ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻟﻠﻨﱯ  ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻡ ﻭﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﻟﻪ‪" :‬ﺃﻓﻄﺮ ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻠﺔ" ﻭﺍﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩ ﺳﻴﺪﻧﺎ ﻋﺜﻤـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳌﻨﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺭﺁﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺴﻠﻴﻤﻪ ﻟﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺳﻴﺪﻧﺎ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺪﺍﻓﻌﲔ ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻫﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺑﻴﻮ‪‬ﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳉﺰﺀ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ‪ :‬ﻣﻘﺘﻞ ﺳﻴﺪﻧﺎ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺘﻠﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﺩﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺭﺟﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺑﻴﲏ ﻭﺑﻴﻨﻚ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺨﺮﺝ ﻭﺗﺮﻛﻪ‪ .‬ﰒ ﺩﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺁﺧﺮ‬
‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺑﻴﲏ ﻭﺑﻴﻨﻚ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺼﺤﻒ ﺑﲔ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻫﻮﻯ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺗﻘـﺎﻩ ﺑﻴـﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻄﻌﻬﺎ ‪-‬ﻻ ﺃﺩﺭﻱ ﺃﺑﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻡ ﻗﻄﻌﻬﺎ ﻭﱂ ‪‬ﻳِﺒﻨ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ -‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﻭﷲ ﺇ‪‬ﺎ ﻷﻭﻝ ﻛﻒ ﺧﻄﺖ ﺍﳌﻔﺼ‪‬ﻞ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺧﺬﹶﺕ ﺍﺑﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﻓﺼﺔ ﺣﻠﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﻮﺿﻌﺘﻪ ﰲ ﺣﺠﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺘﻞ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺍﹸﺷﻌﺮ ﺃﻭ ﻗﺘـﻞ‬

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‫ﲡﺎﻓﺖ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﺗﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻋﻈﻢ ﻋﺠﻴﺰ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﻠﻤﺖ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻋﺪﺍﺀ ﺍﷲ ﱂ ﻳﺮﻳـﺪﻭﺍ ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺳﻬﻢ ﺍﻷﺯﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺭﻭﺍﻫﺎ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺴﺎﻛﺮ ﰲ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ‪:‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺛﻮﺭ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﱯ‪ " :‬ﺃﺧﱪﱐ ﺳﻬﻢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻊ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺣ‪‬ﺼﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺰﻋﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺭﻛﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺃﺗﻮﻩ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﺄﺟﺎﺯﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺭﺿﺎﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻧﺼﺮﻓﻮﺍ‪.‬‬
‫"ﺣﱴ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﺑﺒﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻧﺼﺮﻓﻮﺍ ﻭﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ ﻓﺼﻠﻰ ﺇﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﻟﻐﺪﺍﺓ ﻭﺇﻣ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺤﺼﺒﻪ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺬﻓﻮﻩ ﺑﺎﳊﺼﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻌﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﳋﻔﺎﻑ‪.‬‬
‫"ﻓﺎﻧﺼﺮﻑ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ ﻭﻣﻌﻪ ﻃﻠﺤﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ‬
‫ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻐﲑﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻷﺧﻨﺲ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺃﻧﺎﺱ ﻻ ﺃﺣﻔﻆ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺇﻻ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺷـﺮﻓﻮﺍ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻇﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺮﻛﺐ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﺎﺀ ﻗﺪ ﺩﺧﻠﻮﺍ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻗﺒﻞ ﻧﺎﺱ ﺣـﱴ ﻗﻌـﺪﻭﺍ‬
‫ﻼ ﻣﻦ ﲤﺮ‪..‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻟﻐﻼﻡ ﻟﻪ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﻭﺛﺎﺏ‪ :‬ﺧﺬ ﻣﻜﺘ ﹰ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻧﻄﻠﻖ ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﻛﻠﻮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻃﻌﺎﻣﻨﺎ ﻓﻼ ﺑﺄﺱ ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺷﻔﻘﺖ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻓﺪﻋﻬﻢ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺭﺟﻊ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻧﻄﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﳌﻜﺘﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺭﺃﻭﻩ ﺭﺷﻘﻮﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺒﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻧﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﻡ ﻭﰲ ﻣﻨﻜﺒـﻪ ﺳـﻬﻢ‪،‬‬
‫ﻼ ﳝﺸﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻬﻘﺮﻯ ﻓﻘﻠـﺖ ﻟـﻪ‪ :‬ﻣـﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺨﺮﺝ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺩﺑﺮﻭﺍ ﻭﺃﺩﺭﻛﻮﺍ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻬﻘﺮﻯ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﻨﻜﺺ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻘﺒﻴﻪ ﻛﺮﺍﻫﻴﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻳ‪‬ﻮﱃ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺧﺬﻧﺎﻩ ﺃﺧﺬﹰﺍ ﻓﺄﺗﻴﻨﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺜﻤـﺎﻥ ﺑـﻦ‬
‫ﻋﻔﺎﻥ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺇﻧ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻣﺎ ﻧﺮﻳﺪ ﻗﺘﻠﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻧﺮﻳﺪ ﻣﻌﺎﺗﺒﺘﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻋﺘﺐ ﻗﻮﻣـﻚ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺭﺿﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺃﺑﺎ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﻓﻠﻌﻠﻬﻢ ﻳﺮﺩﻭﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ؛ ﻓﺨﻠﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﺨﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﺳﺒﻴﻠﻪ‪.‬‬
‫"ﻭﺧﺮﺟﺖ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺃﻡ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﷲ ﺍﷲ ﻳﺎ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺩﻣﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ؛ ﻓﺎﻧﺼﺮﻑ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺑﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻐﺪﺍﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺷﲑﻭﺍ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺘﻜﻠﻢ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻡ ﻏﲑ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺃﺷﲑ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺑﺜﻼﺙ ﺧﺼﺎﻝ ﻓﺎﺭﻛﺐ ﺃﻳﻬﻦ ﺃﺣﺒﺒﺖ‪ :‬ﺇﻣﺎ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ـﻞ‬
‫ﺑﻌﻤﺮﺓ ﻓﺘﺤﺮﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺩﻣﺎﺅﻧﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻗﺪ ﺃﺗﺎﻧﺎ ﻣﺪﺩﻧﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ‪-‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﺜﻤـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺐ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺇﱃ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‪ :‬ﺇﱐ ﰲ ﻗﻮﻡ ﻗﺪ ﻃـﺎﻝ ﻓـﻴﻬﻢ ﻋﻤـﺮﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻌﺠﻠﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺧﲑﻭﱐ ﺑﲔ ﺃﻥ ﳛﻤﻠﻮﱐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻮﺍﺭﻑ ﺇﱃ ﺟﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑـﲔ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺰﻉ ﳍﻢ ﺭﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻛﺴﺎﱐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﲔ ﺃﻥ ﺃﹸﻗﻴﺪﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻛـﺎﻥ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺳـﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﳜﻄـﻰﺀ‬

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‫ﻭﻳﺼﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻳﺎ ﻏﻮﺛﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺃﻣﲑ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺩﻭﱐ‪ -‬ﻭﺇﻣﺎ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﺮﺏ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﳒﺎﺋـﺐ ﺳـﺮﺍﻉ ﻻ‬
‫ﻳﺪﺭﻛﻨﺎ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺣﱴ ﻧﻠﺤﻖ ﲟﺄﻣﻨﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻣﺎ ﺃﻥ ﳔﺮﺝ ﺑﺄﺳﻴﻔﻨﺎ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺷﺎﻳﻌﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻨﻘﺎﺗﻞ ﻓﺈﻧـﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﻖ ﻭﻫﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻃﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‪ :‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﻗﻮﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻞ ﺑﻌﻤﺮﺓ ﻓﺘﺤﺮﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺩﻣﺎﺅﻧﺎ؛ ﻓﻮﺍﷲ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻮﻧﻮﺍ ﻳﺮﻭ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﻴـﻮﻡ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺣﺮﺍﻣﹰﺎ ﻻ ﳛﺮ‪‬ﻣﻮ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﻥ ﺃﻫﻠﻠﻨﺎ ﺑﻌﻤﺮﺓ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻗﻮﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﳔﺮﺝ ‪‬ﺮﺏ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ؛ ﻓﻮﺍﷲ ﺇﱐ‬
‫ﻷﺳﺘﺤﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺁﰐ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻫﺎﺭﺑﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﻣﻲ ﻭﺃﻫﻞ ﺑﻠﺪﻱ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻗﻮﻟﻚ ﳔﺮﺝ ﺑﺄﺳﻴﺎﻓﻨﺎ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻨﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻨﻘﺎﺗﻞ ﻓﺈﻧﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﻘﻮﻫﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻃﻞ؛ ﻓﻮﺍﷲ ﺇﱐ ﻷﺭﺟﻮ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻟﻘﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻭﱂ ﺃﻫﺮﻕ ﳏﺠﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺩﻡ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻤﻜﺜﻨﺎ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﹰﺎ ﺻﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻐﺪﺍﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻓﺮﻍ ﺃﻗﺒﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﻓﺤﻤﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺃﺛﲎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰒ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜـﺮ‬
‫ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﺃﺗﻴﺎﱐ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻻ ﱄ‪ :‬ﺻﻢ ﻳﺎ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻚ ﻣﻔﻄﺮ ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﱐ ﺃﺷـﻬﺪﻛﻢ ﺃﱐ ﻗـﺪ‬
‫ﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﺻﺎﺋﻤﹰﺎ ﻭﺃﻋﺰﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺆﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﺇﻻ ﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ ﺳـﺎﳌﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺴﻠﻤﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﻠﻨﺎ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺇﻥ ﺧﺮﺟﻨﺎ ﱂ ﻧﺄﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻔﺴﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺋﺬﻥ ﻟﻨﺎ ﻓﻠﻨﻜﻦ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﲪﺎﻳﺔ ﻭﻣﻨﻌﺔ؛ ﻓﺄﺫﻥ ﳍﻢ ﻓﺪﺧﻠﻮﺍ ﺑﻴﺘﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺮ ﺑﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ ﻓﻔﺘﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﻋـﺎ ﺑﺎﳌﺼـﺤﻒ‬
‫ﻓﺄﻛﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﺎﻩ ﺍﺑﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﻓﺼﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺑﻨﺔ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ‪.‬‬
‫"ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺩﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺸﻰ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺣﱴ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺑﻠﺤﻴﺘﻪ ﻓﻘـﺎﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﺩﻋﻬﺎ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﺧﻲ ﻓﻮﺍﷲ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮﻙ ﻟﻴﻠﻬﻒ ﳍﺎ ﺑﺄﺩﱏ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺳﺘﺤﻰ ﻓﺨـﺮﺝ ﻭﻫـﻮ‬
‫ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺷﻌﺮﺗﻪ ﻭﺃﺧﺬ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻣﺘﻌﻂ ﻣﻦ ﳊﻴﺘﻪ ﻓﺄﻋﻄﺎﻩ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺩﺧﻞ ﺭﻭﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ‬
‫ﻭﺭﺩﺍﻥ ‪-‬ﻋﺪﺍﺩﻩ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺍﺩ‪ -‬ﺭﺟﻞ ﻗﺼﲑ ﺃﺭﺯﻕ ﳎﺪﻭﺭ ﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺁﻝ ﺫﻱ ﺃﺻﺒﺢ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﻪ ﺟﺮ‪‬ﺯ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﺣﺪﻳﺪ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻘﺒﻠﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻱ ﻣﻠﺔ ﺃﻧﺖ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻌﺜﻞ؟ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‪ :‬ﻟﺴﺖ ﻧﻌﺜﻞ ﻭﻟﻜﲏ ﻋﺜﻤـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻠﺔ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﹰﺎ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﹰﺎ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﻧﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻛﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﺬﺑﺖ‪ ،‬ﻓﻀﺮﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳉﺮ‪‬ﺯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺪﻏﻪ ﺍﻷﻳﺴﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺘﻠﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﺩﺧﻠﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺖ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﻓﺼﺔ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺛﻴﺎ‪‬ﺎ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﺣﻨﻒ ﺑﻦ ﻗﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺭﻭﺍﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﻱ ﰲ "ﺗﺎﺭﳜﻪ" ‪:٥١٢-٥١٠/٣‬‬

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‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﺣﻨﻒ‪" :‬ﻗﺪﻣﻨﺎ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﳓﻦ ﻧﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﳊﺞ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﺎ ﻟﺒﻤﻨﺎﺯﻟﻨﺎ ﻧﻀﻊ ﺭﺣﺎﻟﻨﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺗﺎﻧﺎ ﺁﺕ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﻗﺪ ﻓﺰﻋﻮﺍ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻌﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻧﻄﻠﻘﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﳎﺘﻤﻌﻮﻥ ﰲ ﻧﻔﺮ ﰲ ﻭﺳﻂ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻭﻃﻠﺤﺔ ﻭﺳﻌﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻭﻗﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻧ‪‬ﺎ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺇﺫ ﺟﺎﺀ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ ﻓﻘﻴﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺟﺎﺀ ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻠﻴﺌﺔ ﻟﻪ ﺻﻔﺮﺍﺀ ﻗﺪ ﻗﻨ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﺎ ﺭﺃﺳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻫﻬﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻲ؟ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪ :‬ﻧﻌﻢ‪،‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻫﻬﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ؟ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪ :‬ﻧﻌﻢ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻫﻬﻨﺎ ﻃﻠﺤﺔ؟ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪ :‬ﻧﻌﻢ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﺸﺪﻛﻢ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﻫﻮ ﺃﺗﻌﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ  ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻳﺒﺘﻊ ﻣﺮﺑﺪ ﺑﲏ ﻓﻼﻥ ﻏﻔﺮ ﺍﷲ ﻟﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﺑﺘﻌﺘﻪ ﺑﻌﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺃﻭ ﲞﻤﺴﺔ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺃﻟﻔﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺗﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ  ﻓﻘﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻗﺪ ﺍﺑﺘﻌﺘـﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﺟﻌﻠﻪ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺠﺪﻧﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺟﺮﻩ ﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﻧﻌﻢ‪.‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﺃﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﺣﻨﻒ‪ :‬ﻓﻠﻘﻴﺖ ﻃﻠﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺗﺄﻣﺮﺍﱐ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺗﺮﺿﻴﺎﻧﻪ ﱄ؟ ﻓﺈﱐ ﻻ ﺃﺭﻯ ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺇﻻ ﻣﻘﺘﻮﻻ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻻ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﺃﺗﺄﻣﺮﺍﱐ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺗﺮﺿﻴﺎﻧﻪ ﱄ؟ ﻗﺎﻻ‪ :‬ﻧﻌﻢ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﻧﻄﻠﻘﺖ ﺣـﱴ‬
‫ﻗﺪﻣﺖ ﻣﻜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺒﻴﻨﺎ ﳓﻦ ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﺫ ﺃﺗﺎﻧﺎ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺃﻡ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻓﻠﻘﻴﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﺗﺄﻣﺮﻳﻨﲏ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﺗﺄﻣﺮﻳﻨﲏ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺗﺮﺿﻴﻨﻪ ﱄ؟ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﻧﻌﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺮﺭﺕ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻓﺒﺎﻳﻌﺘﻪ ‪،‬ﰒ ﺭﺟﻌﺖ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺃﺭﻯ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺇﻻ ﻗﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﺒﻴﻨﺎ ﺃﻧﺎ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺇﺫ ﺃﺗﺎﱐ ﺁﺕ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﻭﻃﻠﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪ ﻧﺰﻟﻮﺍ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﳋﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﻓﻘﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻣـﺎ ﺟـﺎﺀ‬
‫‪‬ﻢ؟ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪ :‬ﺃﺭﺳﻠﻮﺍ ﺇﻟﻴﻚ ﻳﺪﻋﻮﻧﻚ ﻳﺴﺘﻨﺼﺮﻭﻥ ﺑﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻡ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺗﺎﱐ ﺃﻓﻈﻊ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺃﺗـﺎﱐ‬
‫ﻗﻂ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺧﺬﻻﱐ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻌﻬﻢ ﺃﻡ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻭﺣﻮﺍﺭﻱ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ  ﻟﺸـﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫ﻼ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻢ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺪ ﺃﻣﺮﻭﱐ ﺑﺒﻴﻌﺘﻪ ﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺃﺗﻴﺘﻬﻢ‪،‬‬
‫ﻗﺘﺎﱄ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪ :‬ﺟﺌﻨﺎ ﻟﻨﺴﺘﻨﺼﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻡ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻣﻈﻠﻮﻣﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻳـﺎ ﺃﻡ ﺍﳌـﺆﻣﻨﲔ‬
‫ﺖ‪ :‬ﺃﺗﺄﻣﺮﻳﻨﲏ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺗﺮﺿـﻴﻨﻪ ﱄ؟‬
‫ﺃﻧﺸﺪﻙ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺃﻗﻠﺖ ﻟﻚ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺗﺄﻣﺮﻳﻨﲏ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻧﻌﻢ؟ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﻧﻌﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﺑﺪﻝ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺯﺑﲑ ﻳﺎ ﺣﻮﺍﺭﻱ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ،‬ﻳﺎ ﻃﻠﺤـﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺸﺪﻛﻤﺎ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻗﻠﺖ ﻟﻜﻤﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺄﻣﺮﺍﱐ؟ ﻓﻘﻠﺘﻤﺎ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﺃﺗـﺄﻣﺮﺍﱐ ﺑـﻪ ﻭﺗﺮﺿـﻴﺎﻧﻪ ﱄ؟‬
‫ﻓﻘﻠﺘﻤﺎ‪ :‬ﻧﻌﻢ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻻ‪ :‬ﻧﻌﻢ ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﺑﺪﻝﹾ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﻻ ﺃﻗﺎﺗﻠﻜﻢ ﻭﻣﻌﻜﻢ ﺃﻡ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻭﺣـﻮﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻼ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻢ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ  ﺃﻣﺮﲤﻮﱐ ﺑﺒﻴﻌﺘﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ  ﻭﻻ ﺃﻗﺎﺗﻞ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ‬

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‫‪ -١‬ﺭﺩ ﺳﻴﺪﻧﺎ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ ﻛﺜﲑﹰﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﻢ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻬﺔ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻐﻔﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﱵ‬
‫ﺃﻗﺮ ﺑﺄ‪‬ﺎ ﺧﻄﺄ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺭﺿﻲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺋﺮﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺇﻧﻪ ﻭﻋﺪﻫﻢ ﺑﺘﺼﺤﻴﺤﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﱂ ﻳﺮﺳﻞ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻪ ﰲ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺃﻱ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﳛﺮﺿﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﻟﺜـﻮﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟـﻚ ﻷﻥ‬
‫ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻐﲑ ﻭﻋﺪﻩ ﳍﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻄﺎﻋﺔ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﻘﺎﺗﻠﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﲔ ﻭﺭﺩﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﱂ ﻳ‪‬ﺮﺩ ﺇﻫﺮﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻟـﺪﻓﺎﻉ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺮﺩ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺘﻞ ﻟﺮﺅﻳﺔ ﺭﺃﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﲜﺎﻧﺐ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﲔ ﻳﻮﺍﻟﻮﻧﻪ ﻭﻳﺸﺪﻭﻥ ﺃﺭﺯﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺑﻨﺎﺅﻫﻢ ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻳﻄﻤﻊ ﻃﻠﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﰲ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻴﻼﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻷ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺎ ﻳﺮﻳـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﹰﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻷﺻﻠﺢ ﳍﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﺭﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪﺓ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٦‬ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪﺓ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﻭﻃﻠﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻳﻄﺎﻟﺒﻮﻥ ﺑﺪﻡ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻻﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩﻫﻢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻣﻈﻠﻮﻣﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٧‬ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻳﻨﻘﻤﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﻣﺎﺩﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻷﻧﻪ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺃﻥ ﳝﻨﻌﻬﻢ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻮﺡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٨‬ﺇﻥ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺋﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻫﻢ ﻣﺪﻓﻮﻋﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﲑﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٩‬ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺃﻳ ٍﺪ ﺧﻔﻴﺔ ﲢﺮﻙ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﺘﺎﺭ ﻟﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻗﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬـﻲ ﺍﻟـﱵ‬
‫ﺻﺎﻏﺖ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺯﻭﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺮﺳﻞ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﺜﻤـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﰲ ﻣﺼﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﺴﺘﻌﺠﻞ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١٠‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﲔ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺍﺭ ﺭﺟﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻛﻤﺤﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻌﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪ :‬ﻋﻤﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺑﻦ ﻳﺎﺳﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﱂ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ‪‬ﻢ ﺣﺪ ﺍﻻﺷﺘﺮﺍﻙ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ــــــــــــــ‬

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 ‫@‪@ ÉiaŠÛa@szj½a‬‬
‫‪@ éäÇ@
a@@kÛb@óic@åi@ïÜÇ‬‬
‫@‬
‫ﺇﺳﻼﻣﻪ‬
‫ﺳﺒﺐ ﺇﺳﻼﻣﻪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺩﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ  ﻭﻣﻌﻪ ﺧﺪﳚﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﹼﻠﻪ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﳘﺎ ﻳﺼـﻠﻴﺎﻥ ﺳـﻮﺍﺀ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ؟ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ‪" :‬ﺩﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﺻﻄﻔﺎﻩ ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﻭﺑﻌﺚ ﺑـﻪ ﺭﺳـﻮﻟﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺄﺩﻋﻮﻙ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ﻻ ﺷﺮﻳﻚ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﱃ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺗﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻔﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻼﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺰﻯ"‬
‫ﺽ ﺃﻣﺮﹰﺍ ﺣﱴ ﺃﺣﺪﺙ ﺃﺑﺎ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺖ ﺑﻘﺎ ٍ‬
‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻠ ‪‬ﻲ‪ :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﻣﺮ ﱂ ﺃﲰﻊ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﺴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺮﻩ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ  ﺃﻥ ﻳﻔﺸﻲ ﺳﺮﻩ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﻌﻠﻦ ﺃﻣﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ‪" :‬ﻳﺎ ﻋﻠ ‪‬ﻲ! ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﺗ‪‬ﺴﻠﻢ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻢ ﻫﺬﺍ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻤﻜﺚ ﻋﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﻟﻴﻠﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻫﺪﺍﻩ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺻﺒﺢ ﻏﺎﺩﻳﹰﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺭﺳـﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼـﻪ ‬
‫ﻓﺄﺳﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ ﳜﻔﻲ ﺇﺳﻼﻣﻪ ﺧﻮﻓﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻃﻠﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺮﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﺄﻇﻬﺮﻩ ﺣﻴﻨﺌ ٍﺬ‪ .‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺮﺽ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻔﺎﺭﻕ ﺩﻳﻦ ﺁﺑﺎﺋﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻘـﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻌﺔ‪ :‬ﺇﻧﻪ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﰲ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺑ‪‬ﻌﺚ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ  ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻻﺛﻨﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﻋﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫـﻮ ﺍﺑـﻦ‬
‫ﻋﺸﺮ ﺳﻨﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺗﺴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻌﺒﺪ ﺍﻷﻭﺛﺎﻥ ﻗﻂ ﻟﺼﻐﺮﻩ‬
‫ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﳍﺠﺮﺓ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻡ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ  ﲟﻜﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺎﺟﺮ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳﻨﺘﻈﺮ ﳎﻲﺀ ﺟﱪﻳﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺃ ‪‬ﻣﺮ‪‬ﻩ ﻟﻪ ﳜﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻜﺔ ﺑﺈﺫﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳍﺠﺮﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣـﱴ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻌـﺖ ﻗـﺮﻳﺶ‬
‫ﻓﻤﻜﺮﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﱯ ﻭﺃﺭﺍﺩﻭﺍ ﺑﺮﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ  ﻣﺎ ﺃﺭﺍﺩﻭﺍ‪ ،‬ﺃﺗﺎﻩ ﺟﱪﻳﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺴـﻼﻡ ﻭﺃﻣـﺮﻩ ﺃﻥ ﻻ‬
‫ﻳﺒﻴﺖ ﰲ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺒﻴﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺪﻋﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ  ﻋﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﻓﺄﻣﺮﻩ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﻴـﺖ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺮﺍﺷﻪ ﻭﻳﺘﺴﺠ‪‬ﻰ ِﺑﺒ‪‬ﺮﺩ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺧﻀﺮ ﻓﻔﻌﻞ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺧﺮﺝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ  ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻡ ﻭﻫﻢ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺑﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﺗﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﰲ ﺍﳍﺠﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺪﻡ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﱂ ﻳ‪‬ﻔﱳ ﰲ ﺩﻳﻨﻪ ﻋﻠـ ‪‬ﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻭﳌﺎ ﺃﻣﺮﻩ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ  ﺃﻥ ﻳﻀﻄﺠﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺮﺍﺷﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻗﺮﻳﺸﹰﺎ ﱂ ﻳﻔﻘﺪﻭﱐ ﻣـﺎ ﺭﺃﻭﻙ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﺿﻄﺠﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺮﺍﺷﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﺗﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﻓﺮﺍﺵ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ  ﻓﲑﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﻠ‪‬ﻴﹰﺎ ﻓﻴﻈﻨﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ،‬ﺣـﱴ ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺃﺻﺒﺤﻮﺍ ﺭﺃﻭﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﻠ‪‬ﻴﹰﺎ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪ :‬ﻟﻮ ﺧﺮﺝ ﳏﻤﺪ ﳋﺮﺝ ﺑﻌﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﻣﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺤﺒﺴﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻋـﻦ‬
‫ﻃﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺣﲔ ﺭﺃﻭﺍ ﻋﻠ‪‬ﻴﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﺠﺮﺗﻪ ﺍﱃ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ‪" :‬ﳌﺎ ﺧﺮﺝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ  ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳍﺠﺮﺓ ﺃﻣﺮﱐ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻗﻴﻢ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺣﱴ ﺃﺅﺩﻱ ﻭﺩﺍﺋﻊ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﻟﻠﻨﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺬﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﺍﻷﻣﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻗﻤﺖ ﺛﻼﺛﹰﺎ ﻓﻜﻨﺖ ﺃﻇﻬﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﺒﺖ ﻳﻮﻣﹰﺎ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﹰﺍ‪.‬‬
‫ﰒ ﺧﺮﺟﺖ ﻓﺠﻌﻠﺖ ﺃﺗﺒﻊ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ  ﺣﱴ ﻗﺪﻣﺖ ﺑﲏ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻮﻑ ﻭﺭﺳـﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ  ﻣﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﱰﻟﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻠﺜﻮﻡ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳍِﺪﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ ﻣﱰﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ "‪.‬‬
‫ﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﺻﺪﹰﺍ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﳝﺸﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﻳ‪‬ﻜﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ ﺣﱴ ﻗﺪﻡ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﱯ  ﻗﺪﻭﻣ‪‬ﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺍﺩﻋﻮﺍ ﱄ ﻋﻠ‪‬ﻴﹰﺎ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺑﻠﻎ ﺍﻟﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻘﺪﺭ ﺃﻥ ﳝﺸﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺗﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺭﺁﻩ ﺍﻋﺘﻨﻘﻪ ﻭﺑﻜﻰ ﺭﲪـﺔ ﳌـﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻘﺪﻣﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺘﺎ ﺗﻘﻄﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﻣﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓ‪‬ﺘﻔﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ  ﰲ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﻭﻣﺴﺢ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺭﺟﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺩﻋﺎ ﻟـﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺎﻓﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺸﺘﻜﻬﻤﺎ ﺣﱴ ﺍﺳﺘﺸﻬﺪ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻋﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﺑﻮ ﺗﺮﺍﺏ‬
‫ﺩﺧﻞ ﻋﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺎﻃﻤﺔ ﰒ ﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻨﺪﻫﺎ ﻓﺎﺿﻄﺠﻊ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺩﺧﻞ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼـﻪ ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺎﻃﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﳍﺎ‪" :‬ﺃﻳﻦ ﺍﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ﻋﻤﻚ؟"‬
‫ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﺫﺍﻙ ﻣﻀﻄﺠﻊ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺠﺎﺀﻩ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﺟﺪﻩ ﻗﺪ ﺳﻘﻂ ﺭﺩﺍﺅﻩ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﻇﻬﺮﻩ ﻭﺧﻠﺺ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺏ ﺇﱃ ﻇﻬﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺠﻌﻞ ﳝﺴﺢ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺏ ﻋﻦ ﻇﻬﺮﻩ ﻭﻳﻘـﻮﻝ‪" :‬ﺍﺟﻠـﺲ ﺃﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﺐ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺮﺍﺏ"‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻣﺎ ﲰ‪‬ﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺃﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻏﺰﻭﺍﺗﻪ ﰱ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﷲ‬

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‫ﺷﻬﺪ ﻋﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻐﺰﻭﺍﺕ ﻣﻊ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺷـﺄﻥ ﻋﻈـﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻇﻬـﺮ‬
‫ﺷﺠﺎﻋﺔ ﻋﺠﻴﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻋﻄﺎﻩ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ  ﺍﻟﻠﻮﺍﺀ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺍﻃﻦ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ ﻏﺰﻭﺓ ﺑﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ  ﺭﺍﻳﺘﺎﻥ ﺳﻮﺩﺍﻭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺇﺣﺪﺍﳘﺎ ﻣﻊ ﻋﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﳍﺎ‬
‫)ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺎﺏ( ﻭﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻷَﻧﺼﺎﺭ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﻣﺮﻩ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ  ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﺎﺭﺯ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻐﺰﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﺑـﻦ‬
‫ﻋﺘﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺒﺎﺭﺯﻩ ﻭﻗﺘﻠﻪ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺷﺪ ﺃﻋﺪﺍﺀ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﻏﺰﻭﺓ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻗﺎﻡ ﻃﻠﺤﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﻣﻌﺸﺮ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﳏﻤﺪ! ﺇﻧﻜﻢ ﺗﺰﻋﻤﻮﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ‬
‫ﻳﻌﺠﻠﻨﺎ ﺑﺴﻴﻮﻓﻜﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﻭﻳﻌﺠﻠﻜﻢ ﺑﺴﻴﻮﻓﻨﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻞ ﻣﻨﻜﻢ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻳﻌﺠﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﺑﺴﻴﻔﻲ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻳﻌﺠﻠﲏ ﺑﺴﻴﻔﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ؟؟‬
‫ﻓﻘﺎﻡ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻋﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻧﻔﺴﻲ ﺑﻴﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺃﻓﺎﺭﻗـﻚ ﺣـﱴ‬
‫ﺃﻋﺠﻠﻚ ﺑﺴﻴﻔﻲ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺗﻌﺠﻠﲏ ﺑﺴﻴﻔﻚ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻀﺮﺑﻪ ﻋﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﻓﻘﻄﻊ ﺭﺟﻠﻪ ﻓﺴـﻘﻂ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻧﻜﺸﻔﺖ ﻋﻮﺭﺗﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﺸﺪﻙ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺣﻢ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﺮﻛﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺒ‪‬ﺮ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻌﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﺃﺻـﺤﺎﺑ‪‬ﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺖ ﻣﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﻣﻨﻌﻚ ﺃﻥ ﲡﻬﺰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﻲ ﻧﺎﺷﺪﱐ ﺣﲔ ﺍﻧﻜﺸﻔﺖ ﻋﻮﺭﺗﻪ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﺤﻴﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﻏﺰﻭﺓ ﺧﻴﱪ ﺃﻋﻄﻰ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ  ﺍﻟﻠﻮﺍﺀ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﻭ‪‬ﺾ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﺾ ﻣﻌـﻪ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﻠﻘﻮﺍ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺧﻴﱪ ﻓﺎﻧﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﺟﻌﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ  ﳚﺒﻨﻪ ﺃﺻـﺤﺎﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻼ ﳛﺐ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﳛﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻠﹼـﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﳚﺒﻨﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ‪" :‬ﻷﻋﻄﲔ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﺍﺀ ﻏﺪﹰﺍ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ" ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﺪ ﺗﻄﺎﻭﻝ ﳍﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﺪﻋﺎ ﻋﻠ‪‬ﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﺭﻣﺪ ﻓﺘﻔﻞ ﰲ ﻋﻴﻨﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻋﻄﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﺍﺀ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ  ﻋﻠ‪‬ﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻡ ﰲ ﺃﺛﺮ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﻋﻄﺎﻫﺎ ﺣﺎﻃﺐ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻠﺘﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﹰﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﳌﱠﺎ ﺃﲨﻊ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ  ﺍﳌﺴﲑ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻜﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﺨﺮﺟﺎ ﻭﺃﺩﺭﻛﺎﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﳊﻠﻴﻔﺔ‬
‫ﻓﺎﺳﺘﱰﻻﻫﺎ ﻓﺎﻟﺘﻤﺴﺎ ﰲ ﺭﺣﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﻠﻢ ﳚﺪﺍ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﳍﺎ ﻋﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ‪ :‬ﺇﱐ ﺃﺣﻠﻒ ﻣـﺎ‬
‫ﱄ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺃﻭ ﻟﻨﻜﺸﻔﻨﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺭﺃﺕ ﺍﳉـ ‪‬ﺪ‬‫ﺨ ِﺮ ِﺟ ‪‬ﻦ ﺇ ﱠ‬
‫ﻛﺬﺏ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻛﺬﺑﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻟﺖ‪ :‬ﺃﻋﺮﺽ ﻋﲏ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻋﺮﺽ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻓﺤﻠﱠﺖ ﻗﺮﻭﻥ ﺭﺃﺳﻬﺎ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﺨﺮﺟﺖ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻣﻨـﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺪﻓﻌﺘﻪ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺠﺎﺀ ﺑﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ‬

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‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ ﳑﻦ ﺛﺒﺖ ﻣﻊ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ  ﰲ ﻏﺰﻭﺓ ﺣﻨﲔ ﺣﲔ ﺍ‪‬ﺰﻡ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺛﺒﺖ ﰲ ﻏﺰﻭﺓ ﺃﺣﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﻏﺰﻭﺓ ﺗﺒﻮﻙ ﺧﻠﱠﻒ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ  ﻋﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺃﻫﻠﻪ ﻭﺃﻣﺮﻩ ﺑﺎﻹﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ‪ .‬ﻓﺄﺭﺟﻒ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﻘﻮﻥ ﺑﻌﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﻭﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺧﻠﱠﻔﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﺳﺘﺜﻘﺎ ﹰﻻ ﻟﻪ ﻭﲣﻔﻔـﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻪ‪ .‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﻘﻮﻥ ﺃﺧﺬ ﻋﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﺳﻼﺣﻪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺧﺮﺝ ﺣﱴ ﺃﺗﻰ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼـﻪ  ﻭﻫـﻮ‬
‫ﱯ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﺯﻋﻢ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﻘﻮﻥ ﺃﻧﻚ ﳌﱠـﺎ‬
‫ﳉﺮ‪‬ﻑ ‪ -‬ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻣﻴﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ‪ -‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﻧ ‪‬‬‫ﺑﺎ ﹸ‬
‫ﺧﻠﻔﺘﲏ ﺃﻧﻚ ﺍﺳﺘﺜﻘﻠﺘﲏ ﻭﲣﻔﻔﺖ ﻣﲏ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻛﺬﺑﻮﺍ ﻭﻟﻜﲏ ﺇﳕﺎ ﺧﻠﻔﺘﻚ ﳌﺎ ﻭﺭﺍﺋﻲ ﻓـﺎﺭﺟﻊ‬
‫ﻓﺎﺧﻠﻔﲏ ﰲ ﺃﻫﻠﻲ ﻭﺃﻫﻠﻚ‪ .‬ﺃﻓﻼ ﺗﺮﺿﻰ ﻳﺎ ﻋﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﲏ ﲟﱰﻟﺔ ﻫﺎﺭﻭﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮﺳـﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻻ‬
‫ﱯ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ"ﻓﺮﺟﻊ ﻋﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﻣﻀﻰ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ  ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻔﺮﻩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﱰﻟﺘﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﱴ ﻭﺭﺩﺕ ﰱ ﻓﻀﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰉ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﻛﺮﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺟﻬﻪ‬
‫"ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻬﻢ ﻭﺍ ِﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺍﻻﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺎ ِﺩ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺎﺩﺍﻩ"‪.‬‬
‫" ﻋﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﻣﲏ ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠ ‪‬ﻲ"‬
‫"ﺃﻧﺖ ﺃﺧﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ"‬
‫"ﻣﻦ ﺁﺫﻯ ﻋﻠ‪‬ﻴﹰﺎ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺁﺫﺍﱐ"‪.‬‬
‫"ﻣﻦ ﺃﺣﺐ ﻋﻠ‪‬ﻴﹰﺎ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺃﺣﺒﲏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺣﺒﲏ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺃﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺑﻐﺾ ﻋﻠ‪‬ﻴﹰﺎ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺃﺑﻐﻀﲏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺃﺑﻐﻀﲏ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺃﺑﻐﺾ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ"‬
‫"ﻋﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻣﻊ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻳﻔﺘﺮﻗﺎﻥ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺮﺩﺍ ﺍﳊﻮﺽ"‬
‫ﻗﻀﺎﺅﻩ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ  ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺃ ﹾﻗﻀ‪‬ﻰ ﺃﻣ‪‬ﱵ ﻋﻠ ‪‬ﻲ"‪ .‬ﻭﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻗﻀﺎﻧﺎ ﻋﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ‪.‬‬
‫ﺱ ﺑﺴﺒﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﳛﺎﺟﻚ ﺃﺣﺪ‬
‫ﻭﻋﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﺫ ﺑﻦ ﺟﺒﻞ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ  ﻟﻌﻠ ‪‬ﻲ‪" :‬ﲣﺘﺼﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ‪ ،‬ﺃﻧﺖ ﺃﻭﳍﻢ ﺇﳝﺎﻧﹰﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﹼﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻭﻓﺎﻫﻢ ﺑﻌﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻗﺴﻤﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺴـﻮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻋـﺪﳍﻢ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺑﺼﺮﻫﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻋﻈﻤﻬﻢ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻣﺰﻳﺔ"‪.‬‬

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‫ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺑﻌﺜﲏ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ  ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻦ ﻗﺎﺿﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﺣـﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﺴـ ‪‬ﻦ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﺗﺒﻌﺜﲏ ﺇﱃ ﻗﻮﻡ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﻭﻻ ﻋﻠﻢ ﱄ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﺳﻴ‪‬ﻬﺪﻱ ﻟﺴﺎﻧﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺜﺒﺖ ﻗﻠﺒﻚ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﺷﻜﻜﺖ ﰲ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺑﲔ ﺍﺛﻨﲔ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ‪" :‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻳﺜﺒﺖ ﻟﺴﺎﻧﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳ‪‬ﻬﺪﻱ ﻗﻠﺒـﻚ"‬
‫ﰒ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻳﺪﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻤﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﻌﺜﻪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ  ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﺟﺪ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻭﻗﻌﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺣﻔﺮﺓ ﺣﻔﺮﺕ ﻟﻴﺼﻄﺎﺩ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﺳﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺳﻘﻂ ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻓﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺂﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻌﻠﻖ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﺑﺂﺧﺮ ﺣﱴ ﺗﺴﺎﻗﻂ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻓﺠـﺮﺣﻬﻢ ﺍﻷﺳـﺪ‬
‫ﻭﻣﺎﺗﻮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﻨﺎﺯﻉ ﺃﻭﻟﻴﺎﺅﻫﻢ ﺣﱴ ﻛﺎﺩﻭﺍ ﻳﻘﺘﺘﻠﻮﻥ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﻠ ‪‬ﻲ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﻗﻀﻲ ﺑﻴﻨﻜﻢ ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﺭﺿﻴﺘﻢ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇ ﱠﻻ ﺣﺠﺰﺕ ﺑﻌﻀﻜﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺣﱴ ﺗﺄﺗﻮﺍ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼـﻪ  ﻟﻴﻘﻀـﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻨﻜﻢ‪ .‬ﺍﲨﻌﻮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺣﻔﺮﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺌﺮ ﺭﺑﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ ﻭﺛﻠﺜﻬﺎ ﻭﻧﺼﻔﻬﺎ ﻭﺩﻳﺔ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠـﻸﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺭﺑﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺃﻫﻠﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻮﻗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻠﺬﻱ ﻳﻠﻴﻪ ﺛﻠﺜﻬﺎ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺃﻫﻠﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻮﻗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻠﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻒ ﻷﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺃﻫﻠﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻮﻗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻠﺮﺍﺑﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺔ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺑﻮﺍ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺿﻮﺍ‪ .‬ﻓﺄﺗﻮﺍ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ  ﻓﻠﻘﻮﻩ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻓﻘﺼ‪‬ﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﻗﻀﻲ ﺑﻴﻨﻜﻢ" ‪ -‬ﻭﺍﺣﺘﱮ ﺑﱪﺩﺓ ‪ -‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻡ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻋﻠ‪‬ﻴﹰﺎ ﻗﻀﻰ ﺑﻴﻨﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻗﺼﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺔ ﺃﺟﺎﺯﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺻﺪﻗﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺯﻫﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺍﺿﻌﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤ‪‬ﺎﺭ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺎﺳﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ  ﻟﻌﻠ ‪‬ﻲ‪" :‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻗﺪ ﺯﻳ‪‬ﻨﻚ ﺑﺰﻳﻨـﺔ‬
‫ﱂ ﻳﺰﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩ ﺑﺰﻳﻨﺔ ﺃﺣﺐ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻫﻲ ﺯﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻷﺑﺮﺍﺭ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ‪ .‬ﻓﺠﻌﻠﻚ ﻻ ﺗﺮﺯﺃ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻭﻻ ﺗﺮﺯﺃ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻣﻨﻚ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺻﺐ ﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻛﲔ ﻓﺠﻌﻠﻚ ﺗﺮﺿﻰ ‪‬ـﻢ ﺃﺗﺒﺎﻋـﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻳﺮﺿﻮﻥ ﺑﻚ ﺇﻣﺎﻣﹰﺎ"‬
‫ﻭﻋﻦ ﻋﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ  ‪" :‬ﻳﺎ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﺃﻧﺖ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺯﻫﺪ ﺍﻟﻨـﺎﺱ ﰲ‬
‫ﲨﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﲣﺬﻭﺍ ﺩﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ‬
‫ﻼ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻤﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺣﺒﻮﺍ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﺣ‪‬ﺒﹰﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ ﻭﺭﻏﺒﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻛﻠﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺙ ﺃﻛ ﹰ‬
‫‪‬ﺩ ﹶﻏﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﹼﻠﻪ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻭﻻﹰ؟"‬
‫ﻗﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﺃﺗﺮﻛﻬﻢ ﺣﱴ ﺃﳊﻖ ﺑﻚ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺻﺪﻗﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻬﻢ ﺍﻓﻌﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻪ"‬

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‫ﺃﺫﻥ ﺑﻼﻝ ﺑﺼﻼﺓ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺮ ﻓﻘﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻳﺼﻠﻮﻥ ﻓﻤﻦ ﺑﲔ ﺭﺍﻛﻊ ﻭﺳﺎﺟﺪ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﻳﺴﺄﻝ‪ .‬ﻓﺄﻋﻄـﺎﻩ‬
‫ﻋﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﺧﺎﲤﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺭﺍﻛﻊ ﻓﺄﺧﱪ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ  ﻓﻘﺮﺃ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼـﻪ ‪ِ} :‬ﺇ‪‬ﻧﻤ‪‬ـﺎ‬
‫ﻼ ﹶﺓ ‪‬ﻭﻳ‪‬ﺆ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺰﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﺓ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﺭ‪‬ﺍ ِﻛ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻥ{‬
‫ﺼﹶ‬‫‪‬ﻭِﻟ‪‬ﻴ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮﹸﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﱠﻟﺬِﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﺁ ‪‬ﻣﻨ‪‬ﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﺍﱠﻟﺬِﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ِﻘ‪‬ﻴﻤ‪‬ﻮﻥﹶ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ ﻋﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ ﲤﺮﹰﺍ ﺑﺪﺭﻫﻢ ﻓﺤﻤﻠﻪ ﰲ ﻣﻠﺤﻔﺘﻪ ﻓﻘﻴﻞ ﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣـﲑ ﺍﳌـﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺃﻻ‬
‫ﳓﻤﻠﻪ ﻋﻨﻚ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺎﻝ ﺃﺣﻖ ﲝﻤﻠﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻮﺗﺐ ﰲ ﻟﺒﺎﺳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻟﻜﻢ ﻭﻟﻠﺒﺎﺳﻲ! ﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﺃﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﱪ ﻭﺃﺟﺪﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺘﺪﻱ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ‬
‫ﺧﻼﻓﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻘﺘﻞ ﺳﻴﺪﻧﺎ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺑﻘﻴﺖ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺑﻼ ﺃﻣﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛـﺎﻥ ﺯﻋـﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﻨﺤـﺮﻓﲔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻓﻘﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻜﻲ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺪﻳﺮ ﺷﺆﻭ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺗﺒﺎﻋﻪ ﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺴﻴﻄﺮﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺃﻣﻮﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﺟﻠﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻭﺃﺑﻨﺎﺋﻬﻢ ﻻ ﻳﻘﺪﺭﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻌﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﺫﻟـﻚ‬
‫ﲬﺴﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻟﻴﻌﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﺇﱃ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺍﻷﻋﺮﺍﺏ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻮﺍﺩﻳﻬﻢ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺆﻭﺏ ﺍﳌﻨﺤﺮﻓﻮﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻣﺼﺎﺭﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻟﻠﺴﺎﺑﻘﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺟﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﻟﺬﺍ ﻻ ﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺃﺣﺪﻫﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻨﺤﺮﻓﻮﻥ ﻣﺘﻔﻘﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﰎ ﳍﻢ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﻻ ﺃ‪‬ـﻢ ﻏـﲑ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻔﻘﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻫﻮﺍﺅﻫﻢ ﺷﱴ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﳌﺼﺮﻳﻮﻥ ﳝﻴﻠﻮﻥ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑـﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟـﺐ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻮﺍﻓﻘﻬﻢ ﺑﻞ ﻭﻳﺒﺘﻌﺪ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﻮﻥ ﻫﻮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﻊ ﻃﻠﺤﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﻴـﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺇﻻ ﺃ‪‬ـﻢ‬
‫ﻳﻄﻠﺒﻮﻧﻪ ﻓﻼ ﳚﺪﻭﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﻴﻮﻥ ﻳﺮﻏﺒﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻡ ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﳜﺘﻔﻲ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺮﻏﺐ‬
‫‪‬ﻢ‪ .‬ﻭﺗﻀﺎﻳﻖ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﻭﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ ﺇﺫ ﻏﺪﻭﺍ ﺗﺒﻌﹰﺎ ﻷﻫﻞ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺇﺫ ﻻ ﻳﺮﻏﺐ ﻣـﻦ ﲤﻴـﻞ‬
‫ﻧﻔﻮﺳﻬﻢ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺎﺑﻠﻬﻢ ﺃﻭ ﻳﻮﺍﻓﻘﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻳﲔ ﻫﻮ ﺃﻣﲑ ﻟﻠﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﰲ ﺗﻠـﻚ ﺍﻟﻈـﺮﻭﻑ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺮﺟﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﳌﺎ ﱂ ﻳﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﻨﺤﺮﻓﲔ ﰲ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻭﻳﺮﻓﻀﻮﻥ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻛﻠـﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﺭﺃﻭﺍ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﻄﻠﺒﻮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻭﻗﺎﺹ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﳑﻦ ﺑﻘﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺭﻯ ﻣﻊ ﺃﻭﻟﺌﻚ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ‪،‬‬

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‫ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺍﺭﻓﺾ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻋﺮﺿﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺍﻋﺘﺰﻝ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺑﺘﻌﺪ ﻋـﻦ ﺍﳉـﻮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﲡﻬﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﻓﻀﻪ ﺃﺷﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﺷﺘﺪ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﺤﺮﻓﲔ ﺇﺫ ﻋﺠﺰﻭﺍ ﻋﻦ ﺇﳚﺎﺩ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺘﻠﻮﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﲑ ﺍﻟﺴـﺎﺑﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺷـﺘﺪ‬
‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻭﺟﺪﻭﺍ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺘﻬﻢ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﻨﺤﺮﻓﲔ ﻳﺘﺼﺮﻓﻮﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻢ ﻻ‬
‫ﻳﻘﺪﺭﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻲﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺃﻭﺍ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﳜﻠﺼﻬﻢ ﳑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻨﻘﺬﻫﻢ ﳑﺎ ﻳﻌـﺎﻧﻮﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺴﲑ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﻟﺘﻌﻮﺩ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺃﻭﺍ ﰲ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑـﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟـﺐ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻢ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻪ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻭﺟﻬﺎﺩ ﻗﻠﻤﺎ ﺗﻜـﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺁﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻘﺔ ﻣﺎ ﳜﻮﻟﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﺁﻧﺬﺍﻙ‪ ،‬ﻓﺬﻫﺒﻮﺍ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻃﻠﺒﻮﺍ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻮﱃ ﺃﻣﺮﻫﻢ ﻓﺮﻓﺾ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﳍﻢ ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺣﺎﺟـﺔ ﱄ ﰲ‬
‫ﺃﻣﺮﻛﻢ‪ ،‬ﺃﻥ ﺃﻛﻮﻥ ﻭﺯﻳﺮﹰﺍ ﺧﲑﹰﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻛﻮﻥ ﺃﻣﲑﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﻣﻌﻜﻢ ﻓﻤﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﺮﰎ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺭﺿﻴﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﳌﺎ ﻃﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﺎﻑ ﺍﳌﻨﺤﺮﻓﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺼﻞ ﺟﻨﺪ ﺍﻷﻣﺼﺎﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺘﺴﻠﻢ ﺯﻣـﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻘﺒﺾ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺋﺮﻳﻦ ﻗﺘﻠﺔ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﻗﺒﻬﻢ ﻭﺗﻘﻴﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺍﳊﺪ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺭﻏﺒﺘـﻬﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺒﺎﻳﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺣﻖ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺟﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺣﺪﺛﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻌـﺔ ﻛـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻗﻞ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﻀﻄﺮﹰﺍ ﻷﻥ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺑﺮﺃﻳﻬﻢ ﻣﺎ ﺩﺍﻣـﻮﺍ ﰲ ﻣﺮﻛـﺰ ﻗـﻮ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﺎﻗﺒﻬﻢ ﻣﺎ ﺩﺍﻣﺖ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﰲ ﻗﺒﻀﺘﻬﻢ ﻭﲢﺖ ﺳﻴﻄﺮ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺃﻥ ﻛﺜﺮ‪‬ﻢ ﲢﻮﻝ ﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﻌﻤﻞ ﺿﺪﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﺻﻠﺖ ﺟﻨﻮﺩ ﺍﻷﻣﺼـﺎﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨـﺔ ﻓـﺈ‪‬ﻢ ﺣﻴﻨـﺬﺍﻙ ﻻ‬
‫ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻌﻮﻥ ﻗﺘﺎﳍﻢ ﻭﲞﺎﺻﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻧﺎﻗﻤﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺘﻠﺔ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻣـﺮ ﺍﻟـﺬﻱ ﳚﻌﻠـﻬﻢ‬
‫ﻳﻨﻀﻤﻮﻥ ﻷﻫﻞ ﺍﻷﻣﺼﺎﺭ ﻭﳛﺎﺭﺑﻮﻥ ﻗﺘﻠﺔ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﺪﺋﺬ ﺗﻨﺎﳍﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻮﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻨﺎﳍﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺼـﺎﺹ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﻘﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺍﳊﺪﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﳜﺘﺎﺭ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺮﻏﺒﻮﻥ ﻻ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻔﻜﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﳌﻨﺤﺮﻓﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻫـﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻠﻖ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﰲ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺃﻫﻢ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﳍﺎ ﺍﳌﻨﺤﺮﻓﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﳌﺎ ﱂ ﻳﺘﻢ ﳍﻢ ﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻫﺪﺩﻭﺍ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺑﻘﺘﻞ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺭﻯ ﻭﻛﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻳﻘﺪﺭﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﳍﺠـﺮﺓ‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﳚﺪﻭﺍ ﺃﺣﺪﹰﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﳍﻢ ‪ :‬ﺩﻭﻧﻜﻢ ﻳﺎ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻓﻘـﺪ ﺃﺟﻠﻨـﺎﻛﻢ‬
‫ﻳﻮﻣﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﺍﷲ ﻟﺌﻦ ﱂ ﺗﻔﺮﻏﻮﺍ ﻟﻨﻘﺘﻠﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻭﺃﻧﺎﺳﹰﺎ ﻛﺜﲑﻳﻦ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻋﺮﺽ ﺻﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ  ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﻭﺟﺎﺀﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮﺍ ‪ :‬ﻧﺒﺎﻳﻌـﻚ‬
‫ﻓﻘﺪ ﺗﺮﻯ ﻣﺎ ﻧﺰﻝ ﺑﺎﻹﺳﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺍﺑﺘﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﰉ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻲ ‪ :‬ﺩﻋﻮﱐ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻤﺴـﻮﺍ‬
‫ﻏﲑﻱ ﻓﺈﻧﺎ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻮﻥ ﺃﻣﺮﹰﺍ ﻟﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﻩ ﻭﻟﻪ ﺃﻟﻮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﺜﺒﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻮﻝ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮﺍ ‪ :‬ﻧﻨﺸﺪﻙ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻻ ﺗﺮﻯ ﻣﺎ ﻧﺮﻯ ﺃﻻ ﺗﺮﻯ ﺍﻹِﺳﻼﻡ ﺃﻻ ﺗﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻨﺔ ﺃﻻ ﲣﺎﻑ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‬
‫‪ :‬ﺃﺟﺒﺘﻜﻢ ﳌﺎ ﺃﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻋﻠﻤﻮﺍ ﺇﻥ ﺃﺟﺒﺘﻜﻢ ﺭﻛﺒﺖ ﺑﻜﻢ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺗﺮﻛﺘﻤﻮﱐ ﻓﺈﳕـﺎ ﺃﻧـﺎ‬
‫ﻛﺄﺣﺪﻛﻢ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﱐ ﺃﲰﻌﻜﻢ ﻭﺃﻃﻮﻋﻜﻢ ﳌﻦ ﻭﻟﻴﺘﻤﻮﻩ ﺃﻣﺮﻛﻢ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺍﻓﺘﺮﻗﻮﺍ ﻭﺗﻮﺍﻋـﺪﻭﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻴـﻮﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﻓﺠﺎﺅﻭﺍ ﻭﻣﻌﻬﻢ ﻃﻠﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻭﺑﺎﻳﻌﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﳋﻤﺲ ﺑﻘﲔ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﺫﻱ ﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﲨﻴﻌﹰﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻭﻗﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺳﺎﻣﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺪ ﻭﺻﻬﻴﺐ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺟﺮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺴﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻌﺐ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﳏﻤﺪ ﺑـﻦ ﻣﺴـﻠﻤﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺑﺸﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺍﻓﻊ ﺑﻦ ﺧﺪﻳﺞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻠﻤﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻭﻗﺶ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﳋﺪﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪﺍﻣﺔ ﺑـﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻈﻌﻮﻥ ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻤﺔ ﺑﻦ ﳐﻠﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻼﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﻏﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨـﺔ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﻣﻜﺔ ﻭﺃﻛﺜﺮﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲏ ﺃﻣﻴﺔ ﺃﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻘﺒﺔ ﻭﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﻣﻮﻗﻔﲔ ﺍﺛﻨﲔ ﻻ ﺛﺎﻟﺚ ﳍﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻣﻨـﻬﻤﺎ ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻳﺼﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﻓﺾ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻫﺎ ﺳﻴﺒﻘﻰ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻛﻤـﺎ ﻫـﻮ‬
‫ﻳﺘﺴﻠﻂ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﺘﻤﺮﺩﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺘﺼﺮﻑ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﺮﺍﺏ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺤﺮﻓﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﺭﲟﺎ ﺍﺯﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻮﺿـﻊ‬
‫ﺳﻮﺀﹰﺍ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﶈﺘﻤﻞ ﻓﻴﻌﻴﺚ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺑﺜﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻓﺴﺎﺩﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺰﺩﺍﺩ ﻗﺘﻠﻬﻢ ﻟﻠﻨـﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗـﺪ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺒﻮﺍ ﺃﻛﱪ ﺟﺮﳝﺔ ﺑﻘﺘﻠﻬﻢ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻇﻠﻤﹰﺎ ﻭﻋﺪﻭﺍﻧﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﱴ ﺃﻗﺪﻡ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺮﳝﺘـﻪ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬
‫ﺳﻬﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﻭﺃﺳﻮﺃ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻫﺪﺩﻭﺍ ﺃﺻـﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺸـﻮﺭﻯ‬
‫ﻭﺻﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ .‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺣﺪﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﺟﻨﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﺼﺎﺭ ﺃﻭ ﻃﻠﺒـﺖ ﻹِﺑﻌـﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﻤﺮﺩﻳﻦ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﺇﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﳊﺪﻭﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻭﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﻣﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﻘﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺧـﻞ ﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﳍﺠﺮﺓ ﻭﻳﺬﻫﺐ ﺿﺤﻴﺘﻪ ﺃﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻧﻘﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺴـﻠﻤﲔ ﻭﺗﻔـﺮﻕ‬
‫ﻛﻠﻤﺘﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﳜﺎﻓﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻼﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻹِﳝﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﳉﻨﺪ ﰲ ﺷﺆﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺪﺧﻠﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﲝﺜﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﳚﺐ ﺍﻻﺑﺘﻌﺎﺩ ﻋﻨﻪ ﲤﺎﻡ‬

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‫ﺍﻻﺑﺘﻌﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻻﻣﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺮﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺟﻬﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﳛﺮﺹ ﺃﻻ ﳛـﺪﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫـﻮ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺟﻌﻠﻪ ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻒ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺑﺎﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺍﻧﻘﺎﺫ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻓﺘﻨﺔ ﻋﻤﻴﺎﺀ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﲢﺪﺙ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻟﻮ ﺭﻓﺾ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳋﻮﻑ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻔﺮﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻋـﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﻘـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﻤﺄﻧﻴﻨﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻧﻔﻮﺱ ﺳﻜﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﳍﺠﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﳌﺘﻤﺮﺩﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻷﻋﺮﺍﺏ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺤﺮﻓﲔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻷﻣﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﺍﳍﻴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﻼﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﷲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻊ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﺭﺿﻲ‬
‫ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﲑ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻒ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻭﺗﺴﻠﻢ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺻﻌﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﺸﻘﺔ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﻭﻋﻨﺎﺀ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺇﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﳊﺪﻭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴـﻖ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻬﻢ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺮﻭﺭ ﻣﺪﺓ ﺭﻳﺜﻤﺎ ﻳﺴﺘﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺴﺘﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻫﻴﺒﺘـﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻳﺪﺭﻛﻪ ﻓﺌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﻴﻄﺎﻟﺒﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺼﺎﺹ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻏﲑ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺴﺄﻟﻮﻧﻪ ﺇﻗﺎﻣـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺪﻭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻠﺔ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺇﺫ ﻻ ﺗﺰﺍﻝ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺑﺄﻳﺪﻳﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺧﺮﺍﺟﻬﻢ ﻗﺒـﻞ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﺗﻮﺯﻳﻌﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻣﺼﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺇﺭﺳﺎﳍﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺜﻐﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﻛﻠﻤﺘﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻋﺪﺩﹰﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ ﺳﲑﻓﻀﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻻ ﳚﻌﻠﻪ ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﳜﺸﻰ ﰲ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﻟﻮﻣﺔ ﻻﺋﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺍﳌﺪﺍﻫﻨﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻖ‪ ...‬ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺮﻙ ﻣﻦ ﻻ ﻳﺒﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ ﺭﺟﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺭﻯ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﳝﻴﻠﻮﻥ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﳍﺬﺍ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺑﻦ‬
‫ﺃﰊ ﻭﻗﺎﺹ ﻭﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﺃﺻﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﻃﻠﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﺇﺫ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻄﻤﻊ ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺑﻌﺾ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﻤﺮﺩﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﻬﺎﻝ ﺇﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﳊﺪﻭﺩ ﺭﻳﺜﻤﺎ ﺗﺘﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺻﺔ ﻓﻈﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻳﺪﺭﻛﻮﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ‬
‫ﳝﻜﻦ ﲡﺎﻭﺯﻩ ﺇﺫ ﺇﻥ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﻣﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻭﺇﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺃﻫﻢ ﻭﻭﺍﺟﺐ ﺷﺮﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﳍﺬﺍ ﺃﻗﺪﻡ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺇﺻﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﲤﻨﻊ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﺭﻓﻀﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻫﺪ ﻓﻴﻬـﺎ ﻭﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﲨﻴﻌﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﺭﺃﻯ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﺴﻠﻢ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻛﻞ ﺷـﻲﺀ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﻣﻦ ﻭﻟﻦ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺈﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻏﺒﲔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻦ ﳛﺪﺙ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺎﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩﻫﻢ‬
‫ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﰎ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺮﻳﺪﻭﻥ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺼﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺑـﺰﻭﺍﻝ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺘﻠﻮﻩ ﻗﺒﺤﻬﻢ ﺍﷲ ‪-‬ﰒ ﺑﺎﳋﻼﺹ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻻﺗﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻣﺼﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻧـﻪ‬
‫ﻫﻮ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺪ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻟﻪ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﳌﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺓ ﻟﺬﺍ ﻗـﺮﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴـﺘﺒﺪﻝ‬

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‫ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻧﺼﺤﻪ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻭﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺆﺧﺮ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺣـﱴ ﻳﺴـﺘﻘﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺭﻓﺾ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺭﺃﻯ ﺃﻥ ﻫﻴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻻ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻊ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔـﺔ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻳﻌﺰﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﲔ ﻏﲑﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ ﻓﻤﺎ ﻣﻌﲎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﱄ ﻳﺘﺒﻊ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻊ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻋﺰﻝ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻌﲎ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﱄ ﲟﺜﺎﺑﺔ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺮﻓﺾ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻣﺮ ﻭﻳﺮﻓﺾ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻌـﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻳﺄﺧـﺬﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﻋﻨﺪﻫﺎ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﻣﺮ ﻏﲑ ﺟﺎﺋﺰ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺎﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺤﺮﻓﲔ ﻳﺮﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺬﺍ ﻳﺒﻘﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻫﺎ ﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﻭﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻴﻢ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫـﻮ ﻻ ﳜـﺎﻑ ﰲ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﻟﻮﻣﺔ ﻻﺋﻢ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫﻥ ﻓﻼ ﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺰﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺓ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺒﺪﺍﳍﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﻣﺼﺎﺭ ﻓﺒﻌﺚ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻨﻴﻒ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻋﻼﻡ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺪﺧﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﺭﲢﻞ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﺮ ﻣﺘﺠﻬﹰﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻜﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﺑﻘﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﺃﺑﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﺑﻴﻌﺘﻪ ﻭﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﺃﻫﻞ ﻣﺼﺮﻩ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﻌﺚ ﺳـﻬﻞ ﺑـﻦ‬
‫ﺣﻨﻴﻒ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﺭﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻭﺩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺭﺩﺗﻪ ﺧﻴﻞ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺎﺟﺘﻬﺎﺩ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﻌﺚ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻗﻴﺲ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺴﻠﻤﻬﺎ ﻭﻫﻮ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺬﻳﻔـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺪﺧﻞ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻭﺃﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻷﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﻓﺮﻳﻘﹰﺎ ﻗﻠﻴﻼ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺍﻋﺘﺰﻟﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺃﻭﻭﺍ‬
‫ﺇﱃ )ﺧﺮﺑﺘﺎ( ﻻ ﻳﺸﻘﻮﻥ ﻋﺼﺎ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻘﺎﺗﻠﻮﻥ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻭﻻﺓ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﻷﻣﺼﺎﺭ ﻭﺃﻛﺜﺮﻫﺎ ﺛﻐﻮﺭﹰﺍ ﻭﺟﻬﺎﺩﹰﺍ‪ .‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﻣﻜﺔ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺑﻌﺚ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ‬
‫ﺑﻦ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻐﲑﺓ ﺍﳌﺨﺰﻭﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻭﺟﺪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻋﺘﺰﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻨﺔ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺑﲏ ﺃﻣﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺗﺮﻙ ﻭﻻﻳﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﲔ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺭﻓﻀﺖ ﻭﻻﻳﺘﻪ ﻭﺑﻘﻴﺖ ﻣﻜـﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻞ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻳﺮﺟﻌﻮﻥ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﻌﺚ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﻪ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻬﱭ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻋﺎﻣﻼ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻭﺻﻞ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺭﺣﻞ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﻳﻌﻠﻰ ﺍﺑـﻦ ﺃﻣﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﲡﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺧﻀﻌﺖ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﳍﺠﺮﺓ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﺼﺎﺭ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺴﲑ ﺃﻣﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﺇﺫ ﱂ ﻳﺮﺳﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﻋﻘﺪﺕ ﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﻷﻣﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻳﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﻨـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﺗﺄﺧﺮ ﺑﺎﳉﻮﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﻳﻨﺘﻈﺮ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺆﻭﻝ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺎﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﻮﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺃﺱ ﻗﻮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻣﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳـﺪﺭﻙ ﺍﻟﺴـﻴﺪﺓ‬
‫ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ‪-‬ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪ ، -‬ﻭﻳﻌﻴﺪﻫﺎ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﱃ ﻣﻜﺔ ﺍﳌﻜﺮﻣﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﱂ ﻳﻠﺤﻖ ‪‬ـﻢ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻌﺴﻜﺮ ﺑﻘﻮﺍﺗﻪ ﰲ ) ﺫﻱ ﻗﺎﺭ ( ﻗﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﺮﺕ ﳏﺎﻭﻻﺕ ﻟﻠﺘﻔﺎﻫﻢ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻓﲔ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﱂ ﻳﺘﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﺸﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ ﻭﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺑﺪﺃﺕ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﳉﻤﻞ ﰲ ﺷﻬﺮ ﲨﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ ﻋﺎﻡ‬
‫‪ ٣٦‬ﻫﺠﺮﻱ ‪ ،‬ﻭﲰﻴﺖ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﱃ ﺍﳉﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﺮﻛﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪﺓ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ‪-‬ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪ -‬ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻌﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺖ ﺑﺎﻧﺘﺼﺎﺭ ﻗﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ‪-‬ﺭﺿـﻲ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻪ‪ -‬ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪﺓ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﻭﺃﻋﺎﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﱃ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﻮﺭﺓ ﻣﻌﺰﺯﺓ ﻣﻜﺮﻣﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺟﻬﺰﻫـﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﲢﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻴﻪ ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﱃ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳـﺘﻘﺮ ‪‬ـﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑـﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﻋﺎﺻﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ‪٠‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻗﺮﺭ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ‪-‬ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ) -‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ( ﻋﺰﻝ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﻭﻻﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻏﲑ ﺃﻥ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺭﻓﺾ ﺫﻟﻚ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺍﻣﺘﻨﻊ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺒﺎﻳﻌﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻃﺎﻟـﺐ‬
‫ﺑﺘﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﻗﺘﻠﺔ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ‪-‬ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ -‬ﻟﻴﻘﻮﻡ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﳊﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺭﺳﻞ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔـﺔ ﺍﱃ‬
‫ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻳﺪﻋﻮﻫﻢ ﺍﱃ ﻣﺒﺎﻳﻌﺘﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻘﻦ ﺩﻣﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻬﻢ ﺭﻓﻀﻮﺍ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘـﺮﺭ ﺍﳌﺴـﲑ‬
‫ﺑﻘﻮﺍﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﻭﲪﻠﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻋﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﳋﺮﻭﺝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﺖ ﻗـﻮﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻓﲔ ﻋﻨﺪ ) ﺻﻔﲔ ( ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻀﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻨﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺕ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺪﺃ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ ﻳـﻮﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺎﺀ )‪ ١‬ﺻﻔﺮ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ٣٧‬ﻫﺠﺮﻱ (‬
‫ﻭﺣﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺭﺃﻯ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻄﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ ﻳﺴﲑ ﻟﺼﺎﱀ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﺟﻨـﺪﻩ ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣـﺮ ﺟﻴﺸـﻪ ﻓﺮﻓﻌـﻮﺍ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺎﺡ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﺩﺭﻙ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺧﺪﻋﺘﻬﻢ ﻭﺣﺬﺭ ﺟﻨﻮﺩﻩ ﻣﻨـﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﻣـﺮﻫﻢ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻓﺮﻳﻘﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺟﺎﻟﻪ ‪ ،‬ﺍﺿﻄﺮﻭﻩ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﻗﻒ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ ﻭﻗﺒﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻴﻢ ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺭﻓﻀﻪ ﻓﺮﻳﻖ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻭﰲ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ٣٧‬ﻫﺠﺮﻱ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑـﻦ ﺍﻟﻌـﺎﺹ‬
‫ﳑﺜﻼ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻭﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺮﻱ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺗﻔﻘﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺪﺍﺭﺳﺎ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻭﻳﻌﻮﺩﺍ ﻟﻼﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﰲ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻌـﺎﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋـﺎﺩﺕ ﻗـﻮﺍﺕ‬

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‫ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻓﲔ ﺍﱃ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺣﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻮﻋﺪ ﺍﳌﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻌﺎ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻧﺘﻴﺠـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻴﻢ ﻟﺼﺎﱀ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻮﺍﺭﺝ‬
‫ﺃﻋﻠﻦ ﻓﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻨﺪ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺭﻓﻀﻬﻢ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻜﻴﻢ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﺟﱪﻭﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﺎ ‪-‬ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ -‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺒﻮﻟﻪ‬
‫‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﺮﺟﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺎﻋﺘﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﺮﻓﻮﺍ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ﺍﳋﻮﺍﺭﺝ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﺪﺩﻫﻢ ﺁﻧﺬﺍﻙ ﺣﻮﺍﱄ ﺍﺛـﲏ‬
‫ﻋﺸﺮ ﺃﻟﻔﺎ ‪ ،‬ﺣﺎﺭ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﻫﺰﻣﻬﻢ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ٣٨‬ﻫﺠﺮﻱ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻀﻰ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻈﻤﻬﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﲤﻜﻦ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺓ ﻭﺍﳍﺮﺏ ﻭﺃﺻﺒﺤﻮﺍ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳊﲔ ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﻛﺜﲑ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻼﻗﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺸﻬﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻮﺍﺭﺝ ﻓﺘﺬﺍﻛﺮﻭﺍ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺁﻝ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗـﺬﻛﺮﻭﺍ ﻗـﺘﻼﻫﻢ ﻳـﻮﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺮﻭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺜﺎﺭﺕ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﳊﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺃﻭﺍ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻭﻋﻤﺮﹰﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺑﻼﺀ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ‪-‬ﺣﺴﺐ‬
‫ﺭﺃﻳﻬﻢ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺗﻮﺻﻠﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻴﻪ‪ -‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﻗﺮﺭﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪ .‬ﻓﺘﻌﻬﺪ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻠﺠـﻢ ﺍﳌـﺮﺍﺩﻱ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﱪﻙ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎﺗﻘﻪ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﻋﺪ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑـﻦ ﺑﻜـﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻤـﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻮﺍﻋﺪﻭﺍ ﻛﺘﻢ ﺃﻣﺮﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﲑ ﻛﻞ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺟﻬﺘﻪ ﺍﳌﻮﻛﻞ‬
‫‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻮﻋﺪﻫﻢ ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﳋﻄﺔ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻮﻡ ‪ ١٧‬ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ ٤٠‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻠﺠﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺎﺏ ﻓﻮﺟﺪ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ ﻓﺘﺎﺓ ﺭﺍﺋﻌﺔ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻝ ﺗﺪﻋﻰ ﻗﻄﺎﻡ ﺍﺑﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻨﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﳑﻦ ﺃﺻﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺃﺻﺎﺏ ﻗﻮﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺒﺎﺕ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺮﻭﺍﻥ ‪ :‬ﻓﺨﻄﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﻠﺠـﻢ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﺷﺘﺮﻃﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻬﺮﹰﺍ ﻛﺒﲑﹰﺍ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﺛﻼﺙ ﺁﻻﻑ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﻭﻗﻴﻨﺔ ﰒ ﺭﺃﺱ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﺍﻓﻘﻬـﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺳ ‪‬ﺮ ﳍﺎ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ ﳍﺎ ‪ :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻃﻠﺐ ﻣﻦ ﻻ ﺗﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺶ ﻣﻊ ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺟﺎﺑﺘـﻪ ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ‬
‫ﳒﻮﺕ ﻋﺸﻨﺎ ﺧﲑ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ ﻓﺰﺕ ﺑﺎﳉﻨﺔ ‪-‬ﺣﺴﺐ ﺯﻋﻤﻬﺎ‪ -‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺃﺷـﻘﻰ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﺟﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﺗﻔﻘﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻀﺮﺏ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﻠﺠﻢ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﻔﻪ ﺍﳌﺴﻤﻮﻡ ﻓﻘﺘﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣـﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻓﺄﺻﺎﺑﻪ ﻳﻮﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﱪﻙ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﰲ ﺇﻟﻴﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻨﺠﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺪﺍﻭﺍﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﲣﺬ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﺍﳌﻘﺼـﻮﺭﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﻓﻠﻢ ﳜﺮﺝ ﻳﻮﻣﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﺼﻼﺓ ﳌﺮﺽ ﺃﺻﺎﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻠﹼـﻒ ﻣﻜﺎﻧـﻪ ﺻـﺎﺣﺐ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻃﺘﻪ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺬﺍﻓﺔ ﻓﻘﺘﻞ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻭﺩﺧﻞ ﺟﻨﺪﺏ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺇﺻﺎﺑﺘﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺇﻥ ﻓﻘـﺪﻧﺎﻙ ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﻧﻔﻘﺪﻙ ﻓﻨﺒﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺁﻣﺮﻛﻢ ﻭﻻ ﺃ‪‬ﺎﻛﻢ ﺃﻧﺘﻢ ﺃﺑﺼﺮ‪ .‬ﻭ‪‬ﻰ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺜﻠﺔ ﺑﻘﺎﺗﻠﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻣﺖ ﻓﺎﻗﺘﻠﻮﻩ ﰊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻋﺸﺖ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺭﺃﻳﻲ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﰒ ﱂ ﻳﻠﺒﺚ ﺃﻥ ﺗـﻮﰲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﺴـﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻭﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﻭﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻔﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺜﺮﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﻳﺎﺕ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺩﻓﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻣـﺮ ﺍﻟـﺬﻱ‬
‫ﺟﻌﻞ ﻗﱪﻩ ﳎﻬﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﲡﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻓﺒﺎﻳﻌﻮﻩ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﻌﻪ ﻗﻴﺲ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻘﻲ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺳﺘﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﺭﺃﻯ ﺧﻼﳍﺎ ﲣﺎﺫﻝ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺿﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺂﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﻋﺎ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳـﺔ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻓﻮﺍﻓﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻨﺎﺯﻝ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻟﻪ ﰲ ‪ ٢٥‬ﺭﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ٤١‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﺧﻞ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳـﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻘﻞ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻭﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﺒﺪﻭ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺑﺮﺃﻱ ﺃﺧﻴﻪ ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﻗﻴﺲ ﺑـﻦ‬
‫ﺳﻌﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺖ ﻣﺪﺓ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺷﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺳﺎﺭﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪‬ﺞ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺪﺃﺕ ﺑﻌـﺪﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻻﳓﺮﺍﻑ ﺗﻨﻔﺮﺝ ﺗﺪﺭﳚﻴﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺻﻴﺘﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻭﻓﺎﺗﻪ‬
‫ﻗﺪ ‪‬ﻰ ﺭﺿﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻗﺎﺗﻠﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‬
‫"ﻳﺎ ﺑﲏ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺃﻟﻔﻴﻨﻜﻢ ﲣﻮﺿﻮﻥ ﺩﻣﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺗﻘﻮﻟﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﻗﹸﺘﻞ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ‪ .‬ﻗﹸﺘـﻞ‬
‫ﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺿﺮﺑﺘﻪ ﻫﺬﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺿـﺮﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ‪ .‬ﺃﻻ ﻻ ﻳ‪‬ﻘﺘﻠﻦ ﺇﻻ ﻗﺎﺗﻠﻲ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﻳﺎ ﺣﺴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺇﻥ ﺃﻧﺎ ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿﺮﺑﺔ ﺑﻀﺮﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﲤﺜﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺟﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﱐ ﲰﻌﺖ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ  ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪" :‬ﺇﻳﺎﻛﻢ ﻭﺍﳌﺜﻠﺔ ﻭﻟﻮ ﺃ‪‬ـﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻮﺭ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻫﺠﻢ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﻠﺠﻢ ﻟﻴﻘﺘﻠﻮﻩ ‪‬ﺎﻫﻢ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻼ ‪ ):‬ﺍﻥ ﺃﻋﺶ ﻓﺄﻧﺎ ﺃﻭﱃ ﺑﺪﻣﻪ‬
‫ﻗﺼﺎﺻﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻔﻮﺍ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻥ ﻣﺖ ﻓﺄﳊﻘﻮﻩ ﰊ ﺃﺧﺎﺻﻤﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﲔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﻘﺘﻠﻮﺍ ﰊ ﺳـﻮﺍﻩ ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻻ ﳛﺐ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺪﻳﻦ ( ﻭﺣﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻃﻠﺒﻮﺍ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ ﳊﻈﺎﺗﻪ ﺍﻷﺧـﲑﺓ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﳍﻢ ‪ ):‬ﻻ ﺁﻣﺮﻛﻢ ﻭﻻ ﺃ‪‬ﺎﻛﻢ ‪ ،‬ﺃﻧﺘﻢ ﺑﺄﻣﻮﺭﻛﻢ ﺃﺑﺼـﺮ ( ﻭﺍﺧﺘﻠـﻒ ﰲ ﻣﻜـﺎﻥ ﻗـﱪﻩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﺎﺳﺘﺸﻬﺎﺩﻩ ‪-‬ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ -‬ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ ﻋﻬﺪ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺷﺪﻳﻦ‬
‫ــــــــــــــــ‬

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 ‫ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻹ ‪‬ﺳﻼﹶﻣﻲ ﺃﻳ‪‬ﺎﻡ ﻋ‪‬ﻠﻲ‪‬‬

‫ﱂ ﳜﺘﻠﻒ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻋﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﺸﺮﻉ ﻫـﻮ ﺍﳌﻄﺒـﻖ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓﺬﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﻤﻮﻝ ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻒ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﳌﺎ‬
‫ﳚﺮﻱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﻣﺘﺠﻬﹰﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ ﳛﺪﺙ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻮﺡ ﻭﺃﺣﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﻐـﻮﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻻﺓ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻣﻬﻢ ﺃﻛﱪ ﺇﺫ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﺑﺄﻣﺼﺎﺭﻫﻢ ﻟﺬﺍ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﺑﲔ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻭﺁﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺁﺧﺮ ﳚـﺐ ﺃﻻ‬
‫ﻧﻐﻔﻞ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺒﻠﻮﺍ ﺧﻼﻓﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻐﲑ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺒﻠﻮﺍ ﺧﻼﻓﺔ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺟﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻱ ﺍﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻣﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﺮﻭﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺧﺬﻫﻢ ﺑﺎﳊﺰﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻋﻄﺎﻫﻢ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻓﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻏﺪﻕ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻋﻄﻴﺎﺕ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻋﺘﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺬﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻄﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼﻧﻮﺍ ﻟﻪ ﻭﺃﺣﺒﻮﻩ ﻭﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻀﻠﻪ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤـﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺟﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻓﺴﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺳﲑﺓ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻮﺳﻊ ﳍﻢ ﺍﻷﻋﻄﻴـﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻌﻄﻬـﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﻓﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺷﺘﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﻭﺣﺎﻝ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﳋﺮﻭﺝ ﺑﺄﻳﺔ ﺣﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻴﺠﻪ ﺍﻓﺘـﺮﺍﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻡ ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﻋﺪﺩﹰﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲏ ﺃﻣﻴﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺍﲡﻬﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻔﺮﻕ ﺑﻌـﺾ ﺍﻟﻨـﺎﺱ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻣﺼـﺎﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺄﻧﻒ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﺣﺰﻡ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺷﺪﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ ﻳﺼﻌﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﺪﺓ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﲔ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺣﲔ ﺗﺮﺗﺎﺡ ﻭﺗﻄﻤﺌﻦ ﻟﻠﲔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻧﻔﻮﺳﻬﻢ ﻳﺸﻮ‪‬ﺎ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻠـﻖ‬
‫ﺑﺘﺴﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺗﺴﻠﻂ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻏﺒﲔ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻗﺘﻠﻮﺍ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨـﺔ ﻭﱂ‬
‫‪‬ﺗ ﹶﻄﻠﹾﻬﻢ ﺑﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﳊﺪﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻨﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟﻴﻤﻦ ﺳﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻘﺒﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻳﻌﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺑﻦ ﺃﻣﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﻘﺎﻡ ﺍﳊﺪﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻄﺒﻖ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻉ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺗﺎﻣﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻣﻜﺔ ﺍﳌﻜﺮﻣﺔ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻋﺎﺩ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺭﺍﺟﻌﹰﺎ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻭﺻﻞ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﺧﱪ ﻣﻘﺘـﻞ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺪﻧﺎ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﻫﻢ ﰲ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻬﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻠﺪﻫﻢ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺷﻬﺪﻭﺍ ﻣﻮﺳﻢ ﺍﳊﺞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻏﺒـﻮﺍ ﺍﻋﺘـﺰﺍﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻜﺔ ﺣﺮﻡ ﺁﻣﻦ ﻻ ﻳﻐﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺬﻋﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﻯ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺧﺮﺝ ﺇﻟﻴﻬـﺎ ﻣـﻦ‬

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‫ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻏﺎﺿﺒﹰﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻌﺘﺰﻻ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺑﲏ ﺃﻣﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪ :‬ﻭﺭﺩﺕ ﻣﻜﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻠـﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬـﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻐﲑﺓ ﺍﳌﺨﺰﻭﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺎﺷﺖ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺪﺓ ﺍﺳﺘﺄﺫﻥ ﻃﻠﺤـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻋﻠﻴﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳋﺮﻭﺝ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻜﺔ ﻷﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮﺓ ﻓﺄﺫﻥ ﳍﻤﺎ ﻓﺨﺮﺟﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻘﻴﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺇﺫ ﻭﺟﺪﺍ ﺍﳉـﻮ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﳍﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻮ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﻠﻲﺀ ﺑﺎﳋﺎﺭﺟﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨـﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻌـﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺪﺓ ﺟﺎﺀ ﻗﺜﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻜﺔ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺘﺐ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﺃﻯ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺍﻋﺘﺰﻟﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﻭﺍ ﰲ ﻣﻜﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺟﻮﻫﺎ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻃﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﻕ ﻏﲑ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻮﻓﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﻋﺘﺎﺩﻭﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﺪ ﺍﻧﻘﻀﺖ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻬﺎ ﻭﻗﻄﻊ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ ﻭﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺟﺪﻭﺍ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻼﺀﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﳍﺬﺍ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻗﺮﺭﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﺴﲑ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻗﻨﻌﻮﺍ ﺃﻡ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺭﺿـﻲ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﳋﺮﻭﺝ ﻣﻌﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﺩﺕ ﺃﻡ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺣﻔﺼﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﺴـﲑ ﻟـﻮﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻣﻨﻌﻬـﺎ‬
‫ﺃﺧﻮﻫﺎ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻮﻛﺐ ﺑﺎﲡﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑـﻦ‬
‫ﻋﺘ‪‬ﺎﺏ ﺑﻦ ﺃﺳﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮﻩ ﻭﺍﱄ ﻣﻜﺔ ﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ  ﻭﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ‪ .‬ﻭﻛـﺎﻥ ﻋـﺪﺩ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻐﺎﺩﺭﻳﻦ ﻣﻜﺔ ‪ /٧٠٠/‬ﺇﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺟﻠﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﻣﻜﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻃﻠﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺒـﺪﺍﷲ ﺑـﻦ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻣﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻌﻠﻰ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻣﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺘﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻡ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺟﻊ ﻣـﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳـﻖ‬
‫ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻐﲑﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺷﻌﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﺳﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﺒﻌﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﺮﺍﺏ ﺣﱴ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺁﻻﻑ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﺪﺃ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﰲ ﻣﻜﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻬﻢ‪ .‬ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻭﺻـﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻛﺐ ﺍﳌﻜﻲ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎﺀ ﺍﳊﻮﺃﺏ ﻧﺒﺤﺘﻬﻢ ﻛﻼﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻧﺎﺧﺖ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﻗﺎﻟﺖ ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺍﷲ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﺔ ﻛﻼﺏ ﺍﳊﻮﺃﺏ ﹶﻃﺮ‪‬ﻭﻗﹰﺎ ﺭﺩﻭﱐ ﻓﺈﱐ ﲰﻌﺖ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ  ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﻧﺴـﺎﺅﻩ‬
‫"ﻟﻴﺖ ﺷﻌﺮﻱ ﺃﻳﺘﻜﻦ ﺗﻨﺒﺤﻬﺎ ﻛﻼﺏ ﺍﳊﻮﺃﺏ" ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﳍﺎ ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺑﺎﳊﻮﺃﺏ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﺎﺭﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ ﻳﻨﻈﺮﻭﻥ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻧﻈﺮﺓ ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻡ ﻭﺇﻛﺒﺎﺭ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻨﻈﺮ ﻟﻪ ﻛﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺇﺫ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻮﻣﺬﺍﻙ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﺭﲢﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺒﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﺳﺮﻋﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻴﻌﺘﻪ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺻﺮﺍﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺒﺎﻳﻌﺘﻪ ﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮﻫﻢ ﻟﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻟﻠﺨﻼﺹ ﳑﺎ ﳊﻖ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺟـﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺌﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺘﻠﺔ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺠﺎﺏ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺭﻓﺾ ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻳﺴﺘﻮﺟﺐ‬
‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻷﻣﲑ ﻹِﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻠﻢ ﺣﱴ ﻃﻠﺐ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﺇﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﳊـﺪﻭﺩ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﳌﻨﺤﺮﻓﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻴﻐﻴﺐ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻳﻨﺘﻈﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﺘﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﻭﻗﻮﺓ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ‬

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‫ﳊ ﱠﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﻊ ﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺃﻥ ﳝﺎﺭﺳﻪ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺄﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺒﺾ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺎﺻﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﺍ ﹶ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﳌﻨﺤﺮﻓﻮﻥ ﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺴﻴﻄﺮﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻴﺪﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﱂ ﺗﺄﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌـﺾ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺕ ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻭﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺃﻧﻪ ﰲ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺿﻰ ﻻ ﻳﺮﻯ ﺍﳌﺮﺀ ﺍﳊـﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﺇﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮ ﺫﻫﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﺷﺘﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﻠﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻲ ﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﺭﺳـﻞ ﻋﻠـﻲ ﺍﻟـﻮﻻﺓ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﺼﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫ ﺑﻮﺍﱄ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﺳﻬﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻨﻴﻒ ﻳﻌﻮﺩ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻋﺮﻑ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺪﺓ ﱂ ﻳﻘﺒـﻞ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻠﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺎﻫﻞ ﺑﺎﳊﻖ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺮﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﲑ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺼـﺎﺋﺢ ﺑﻌـﺾ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﺤﲔ ﺑﺈﺑﻘﺎﺀ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻭﺇﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﻃﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓـﺔ ﺭﻳﺜﻤـﺎ ‪‬ـﺪﺃ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺣﻮﺍﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺮ ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺸﺎﺭﻩ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺚ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻬﻮﺽ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻓﺮﺃﻯ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺮﻏﺐ ﺑﺈﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ‪‬ﺾ ﻭﺳﺎﺭ ﻣﻊ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﺾ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﻓﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻮﺍﺀ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﻷﻛﱪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﻨﻔﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺟﻪ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻴﻤﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳـﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻴﺴﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺑﺎ ﻟﻴﻠﻰ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺡ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﺧﻲ ﺃﰊ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺡ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻭﱃ ﹸﻗﺜﹶﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻤﺎﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻣﺼﺎﺭ ﻭﻫﻢ ﻗﻴﺲ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻭﺍﱄ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺮ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺮﻱ ﻭﺍﱄ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻨﻴﻒ ﻭﺍﱄ ﺍﻟﺒﺼـﺮﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﻨـﻬﻮﺽ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﻗﺘﺎﻝ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻗﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺒﺪﻭ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﻧﻪ ‪‬ﺑﻌِﻴﺪ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺤﺮﻓﲔ ﻗﺘﻠﺔ ﻋﺜﻤـﺎﻥ ﺇﺫ ﱂ‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻮ ﱢﻝ ﺃﺣﺪﹰﺍ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻭﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﺍﻷﺷﺪﺍﺀ ﻭﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺇﺫ ﲰﻊ ﲞﱪ ﺳﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻜﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﺨﺮﺝ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺮﺑـﺬﺓ‬
‫ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺃﻥ ﳛﻮﻝ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻧﻄﻼﻗﻬﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃ‪‬ﻢ ﻗﺪ ﻓﺎﺗﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﻭﻟﹼﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻪ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺳﻬﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻨﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻌﺚ ﹸﻗﺜﹶﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧـﺖ ﺃﻡ ﺍﳌـﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺃﻡ‬
‫ﺳﻠﻤﺔ ﺗﺮﻳﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺴﲑ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻭﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﻟﻪ "ﻟﻮﻻ ﺃﱐ ﺃﻋﺼﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ ﻭﺃﻧـﻚ ﻻ ﺗﻘﺒﻠـﻪ ﻣـﲏ‬
‫ﳋﺮﺟﺖ ﻣﻌﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﺑﲏ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﳍﻮ ﺃﻋﺰ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻔﺴـﻲ‪ ،‬ﳜـﺮﺝ ﻣﻌـﻚ ﻳﺸـﻬﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻙ‪ ،‬ﻓﺨﺮﺝ ﻣﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻴﺴﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺰﻝ ﻣﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻦ ﰒ ﻋﺰﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻧﺼﺤﻪ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﺤﲔ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻻ ﳜﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻠﻦ ﻳﻌﻮﺩ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻃﻠـﺐ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺳﻞ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﺾ ﻭﳝﻜﺚ ﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﳍﺠﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﺃﺻﺮ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜـﻮﻥ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺭﺃﺱ‬

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‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻫﻀﲔ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﻘﻲ ﺳﻬﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻨﻴﻒ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻳﺴﻴ‪‬ﺮ ﺃﻣﻮﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻄﺒ‪‬ﻖ ﺷﺮﻉ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﳛﻜﻤﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻌﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ‪ .‬ﻭﻭﺻﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺇﱃ ﺫﻱ ﻗﺎﺭ ﻳﻨﺘﻈﺮ ﻭﺻﻮﻝ ﺟﻨﺪ ﺍﻷﻣﺼﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺳﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﻴﺲ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﺧﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﺟﻬﺪ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺧـﺮﺝ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﱄ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﺮﺡ ﻭﺗﺴﻠﻤﻬﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺬﻳﻔﺔ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺘﻞ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺧﺬ ﻗﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻟﻌﻠﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﻓﺮﻳﻘﹰﺎ ﺍﻋﺘﺰﻟﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺃﻭﻭﺍ ﺇﱃ )ﺧﺮﺑﺘﺎ( ﻳﻄﻠﺒﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺑﺜﺄﺭ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻻ ﻳﻘﺎﺗﻠﻮﻥ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺸﻘﻮﻥ ﻋﺼﺎ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻣﻬﻠﻬﻢ ﻗـﻴﺲ ﻭﻣﻨـﻬﻢ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺔ ﺑﻦ ﳐﻠﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺴﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺃﺭﻃﺄﺓ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺃﺻـﺤﺎﺏ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻳﺼﺮﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﻣﺮ ﻗﻴﺴﺎ ﺑﻘﺘﺎﳍﻢ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻨﺘﻬﻮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﺭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻓﻄﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﺃﻯ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺃﻳﻪ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻷﺻﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﺮﻙ ﻣﺼﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﲡﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻠـﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﺎﺀ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺼﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺯﺍﻝ ﻳﻠﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﰲ )ﺧﺮﺑﺘـﺎ(‬
‫ﺤﺮِﺯ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺮ ﻓﻌﺰﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﻭﱃ ﺍﻷﺷـﺘﺮ‬‫ﺣﱴ ﺟﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻓﲔ ﻭﱂ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺨﻌﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﺴﻤﻮﻣﹰﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﻞ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺿﻄﺮ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺜﺒﺖ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑـﻦ‬
‫ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺭﻳﺜﻤﺎ ﻳﺮﻯ ﺭﺃﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﺘﺪﺏ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﳌﺴـﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺇﺧـﻮﺍ‪‬ﻢ ﰲ ﻣﺼـﺮ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻬﻢ ﱂ ﻳﻨﺘﺪﺑﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺃﺻﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺳﺎﺭ ﺟﻨﺪ ﻗﻠﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﺎ ﻭﺻﻠﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺣـﱴ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﻗﺪ ﺩﺧﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﹸﺘﻞ‪ ،‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺑﻌﻴـﺪﺓ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺧﻼﻓﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ٣٨‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻗﺮﻩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﲢﺖ ﻳـﺪﻩ‪،‬‬
‫ﺭﻏﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﻊ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﻋﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ‬
‫ﳏﺒﹰﺎ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻻ ﻳﺮﻏﺐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ ﻭﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺑﻌﻀـﻬﻢ ﺿـﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﻟﻴﺴﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺃﻱ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺒﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﳝﻴﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﻳﺮﻏـﺐ ﰲ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻻ ﳛﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﻣﺘﺸﺪﺩ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻳﺮﻯ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ ﺃﻣﺮ ﻻ ﺑ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺘﺐ‬
‫ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺇﱃ ﺃﰊ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻳﺴﺘﻨﻬﻀﻪ ﻟﻠﻘﺘﺎﻝ ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﱂ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺭﺳﻞ ﻟﻪ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑـﻦ ﺃﰊ‬
‫ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻔﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﻟﻪ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﻷﺷﺘﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﻌـﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻤﺎ ﺃﺟﺪﺕ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻗﺸﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺩﺍﺭﺕ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻓﲔ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﻟﻪ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﺑﻦ‬

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‫ﻼ‪ .‬ﻭﺩﻋﺎ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﻟﻨﺠﺪﺓ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺘﻬﻢ ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺍﻧﻄﻠﻖ ﺳـﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻳﺎﺳﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻜﻠﻢ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻛﻼﻣﹰﺎ ﲨﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻪ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺁﻻﻑ ﺳﺎﺭ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺮﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﲣﺬ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﱪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﻬﻢ ﺗﺴﻌﺔ ﺁﻻﻑ‬
‫ﺭﺟﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻷﺷﺘﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﻌﻲ ﺃﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺼﺮ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻧﻄﻠﻖ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻣﻮﺳـﻰ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻜـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻗﺎﻡ ‪‬ﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻗﺪ ﻭﺻﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺫﻱ ﻗﺎﺭ ﻓﺠﺎﺀﻩ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﹰﺎ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﹰﺍ ﻫﻮ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻨﻴﻒ ﻓﺴﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﺪﺧﻠﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺳﺎﺭ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﳋﻼﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻠﺒﺚ ﺃﻥ ﻭﺻﻞ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺭﻛﺐ ﻣﻜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺪﺧﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﻔﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺻﻞ ﺍﳋﱪ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻨﻴﻒ ﻓﺘﻬﻴﺄ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﺘﺨﺎﺫﻟﻮﻥ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺍﳋﺎﺋﻒ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﺨﺎﺫﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻄﻠﺐ ﺑﺜﺄﺭ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﱄ ﲜﺎﻧـﺐ‬
‫ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺩﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ ﺭﻛﺐ ﻣﻜﺔ ﻛﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻰ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺮﺑﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬
‫ﻃﻠﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻭﺭ ‪‬ﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﻨﻴﻒ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻳﻘﺘﺘﻠﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺗﻜﻠﻤﺖ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﺎﻧﻘﺴﻤﺖ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﻨﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮ ﺣﻜﻴﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺒﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪﻱ ﻓﺄﻧﺸﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﻐﻮﻏﺎﺋﻴﲔ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺗﻜﻠﻤﻮﺍ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺴـﻊ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﻘﲔ ﻗﺪ ﺍﺗﻔﻘﺎ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﳉﺎﻧﺒﲔ ﻟﻴﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﻧﻈﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺍﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳊﻘﺪ ﻭﺇﳕـﺎ‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮﺓ ﺍﻷﺧﻮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳋﻼﻑ ﺇﳕﺎ ﻫﻮ ﰲ ﻭﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﻮﻏﺎﺀ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﺴـﲑ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮﻓﲔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺮﻑ ﺃﺣﻴﺎﻧﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺗﻔﻖ ﺍﳉﺎﻧﺒﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﻌﺜﺎ ﺭﺳﻮ ﹰﻻ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻟﻴﻨﻈﺮ ﻫﻞ ﺑﺎﻳﻊ ﻃﻠﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻣﻜﺮﻫﲔ ﺃﻡ ﻻ ؟‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﺧﻠﻰ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻨﻴﻒ ﳍﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺎ ﻗﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﻌﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺭﺿﻰ ﺧﺮﺟـﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﻘﻰ ﻛﻞ ﻓﺮﻳﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﲢﺖ ﻳﺪﻩ ﺭﻳﺜﻤﺎ ﻳﻌﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﱰﻝ ﻃﻠﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﻬﻤﺎ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺷﺎﺅﻭﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻨﻴﻒ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺒﻘﻰ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﳌـﺎﻝ ﲢـﺖ‬
‫ﻳﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻪ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ‪ .‬ﻭﺫﻫﺐ ﻛﻌﺐ ﺑﻦ ﺛﻮﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻻﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﺄﻝ ﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﻃﻠﺤﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻓﻠﻢ ﳚﺒﻪ ﺃﺣﺪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺃﺟﺎﺑﻪ ﺃﺳﺎﻣﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﺄ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﻌﺎ ﻣﻜﺮﻫﲔ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻭﻛﺎﺩﺕ ﲢﺪﺙ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺣﺎﺩﺛﺔ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﻻ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻃﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻨـﺎﺭ ﻭﺇﲬـﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺟﺬﻭ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺟﻊ ﻛﻌﺐ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﺎﳋﱪ ﻓﺎﺧﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺎﺗﺐ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻪ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺇﳕﺎ ﻃﻠﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﱂ ﳚﱪﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺇﻻ ﺧﻮﻓﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻗﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗ ﹼﻞ ﺃﻧﺼﺎﺭ ﺍﺑﻦ‬
‫ﺾ ﺃﻫـﻞ ﺍﻟﺴـﻮﺀ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﻨﻴﻒ ﺣﱴ ﻏﻀﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻐﻮﻏﺎﺋﻴﻮﻥ ﰲ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻑ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﺴﺠﻨﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﺘﻔﻮﺍ ﳊﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﺣﺎﺟﺒﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻮﻩ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺳﺎﺭ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺑﺬﻱ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻘﺘﻞ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻨﻴﻒ ﻷﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻋﺪﻭﹰﺍ ﻭﻻ ﳎﺮﻡ ﺣﺮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺧﹰﺎ ﺿﻌﻔﺖ‬
‫ﻭﺟﻬﺔ ﻧﻈﺮﻩ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﻴﻪ ﻓﻘ ﹼﻞ ﺃﺗﺒﺎﻋﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺪﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﻋﺎﻉ ﻓﺄﺧﺮﺟﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳋﻼﻑ ﻛﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻳﺼﻮ‪‬ﺭﻩ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺧﺬ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻗﻞ ﺃﺳﲑﹰﺍ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻗﺎﺋﺪ ﺍﳋﺼـﻢ ﺃﻭ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﳉﻨـﺎﺡ‬
‫ﺍﻵﺧﺮ‪ .‬ﻭﺻﺎﺭ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺘ‪‬ﺎﺏ ﺑﻦ ﺃﺳﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﲞﺮﻭﺝ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻨﻴﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ ﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﲢﺖ ﺇﻣﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﺐ ﺍﳌﻜﻲ ﻓﻘﺘﻠﻮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻛـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺷﺨﺼﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺷﺘﺮﻛﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺣﺼﺎﺭ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ ﺭﺿﻲ‬
‫ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻨﺞ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺇﻻ ﺣﺮﻗﻮﺹ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻫﲑ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﳑﻦ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺣﻜﻴﻢ ﺑـﻦ ﺟﺒﻠـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﻟﻴﺨﻔﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺯﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﺑﻌـﺾ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺎﺋـﻞ‬
‫ﻏﻀﺒﺖ ﳌﻘﺘﻞ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺃﺑﻨﺎﺋﻬﺎ ﳑﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﻮﻏﺎﺋﻴﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺑﻨﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺲ ﺍﻟـﺬﻳﻦ ﺛـﺎﺭﻭﺍ‬
‫ﳌﻘﺘﻞ ﺣﻜﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺟﺒﻠﺔ ﻓﺨﺮﺟﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺘﻜﻠﻢ ﰲ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻳﺮﻏﺐ ﻓﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺄﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺪﻋﻢ ﺭﺃﻳﻪ ﺑﺄﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺠﻠـﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺪﺍﻣـﺔ ﻓﺎﻟﻘﺘـﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﻊ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺗﺮﻭﻱ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻤﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﺐ ﺍﳌﻜﻲ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﺼـﺎﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻔﻌﻠـﻮﺍ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻠﺘﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺘﻠﻮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻨﺪﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺘﻠﺔ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﻌﻘﺎﻉ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻤﻲ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﻠﻢ ﻋﺎﺋﺸـﺔ ﻭﻃﻠﺤـﺔ‬
‫ﲔ ﳍﻢ ﺗﻔﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻡ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﻟﻐﻮﻏﺎﺋﻴﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻮ ﺣﺪﺙ ﻫـﺬﺍ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻭﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﻛﻞ ﻣﺼﺮ ؟ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ ‪ :‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﺭﺃﻳﻚ ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺩﻭﺍﺅﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻜﲔ ﻭﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﺻﻠﺢ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻭﻫﺪﺃﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺋﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻃﻤﺄﻥ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻌﺾ‪ ،‬ﻧﻈﺮﻧـﺎ ﰲ ﺃﻣـﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺃﺣﺪﺛﻮﺍ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻨﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺇﱐ ﻷﻗﻮﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺭﺍﻩ ﻳﺘ‪‬ﻢ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺍﷲ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻣـﺔ ﻣـﺎ‬
‫ﻳﺸﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺮ ﺃﻣﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﳌﺖ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﳌﻠﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻌﺮﺿﺖ ﻟﺒﻼﺀ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺳﺘﺤﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻡ ﺭﺃﻳﻪ‪،‬‬

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‫ﻭﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻭﺍﻓﻖ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﻱ ﺻﺎﳊﻨﺎﻩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﺭﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻌﻘﺎﻉ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺭﺍﺿﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﺃﻧﺒﺄﻩ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﺮ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺃﺷﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻭﺭ ﻭﺃﻋﻈﻤﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﲟﺎ ﺣﺪﺙ‪ ،‬ﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻗﺒﻠﺖ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﻮﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻌﺴﻜﺮ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﺬﻱ ﻗﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻰ ﺍﳌﻀﺮﻱ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﻀﺮﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺑﻌﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻌﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻤﲏ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﻳﺘﺤﺪﺙ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻇﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻗﺪ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺢ ﻗﺪ ﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﻭﺷﻴﻜﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﻋﻮﺍ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻴﹰﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﰐ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﻋﻠـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻞ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺃﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻋﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ ﻓﻼ ﻳﺮﲢﻞ ﻣﻌﻨﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻨﺎ ﺷﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻐﻮﻏـﺎﺋﻴﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻗﺘﻠﺔ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺢ ﺳﻴﺪﻭﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﹼﰎ ﻻ ﺑ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺘﻄﺎﳍﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻮﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﻥ ﳌﺎ ﻧﱪﻣﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻔﺴﻨﺎ ؟ ﻭﺗﺪﺍﻭﻟﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﻱ ﻭﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺳﺒﺄ ﺍﻟﻴﻬﻮﺩﻱ ﻻ ﻳﻌﺠﺒـﻪ‬
‫ﺭﺃﻱ ﺣﱴ ﺗﻮﺻﻠﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻧﺸﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻗﺘﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻓﺎﻥ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﺇﱃ ﻃﻠﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﺍﻟﻠﺬﻳﻦ ﺃﺭﺳﻼ ﺑﺪﻭﺭﳘﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻃﻠﺤﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﲢﺪﺛﻮﺍ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺢ ﻭﺑﺎﺗﻮﺍ ﰲ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻓﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﺣﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ ﻭﻋﺴﻜﺮ ﲜﺎﻧﺐ ﻣﻌﺴﻜﺮ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ ﻓﺄﻧﺸﺐ ﺍﻟﻐﻮﻏـﺎﺋﻴﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺘـﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﰒ ﺗﺮﺍﻣﻮﺍ ﻭﺗﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻮﺗﺮﺕ ﺍﻷﺟﻮﺍﺀ‬
‫ﺑﺄﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺑﺴﻴﻄﺔ ﻭﺗﺎﻓﻬﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺗﺴﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻬﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﻐﻮﻏﺎﺋﻴﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺣﱴ ﻻ ﻳ‪‬ﻌﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻨﻜﺸﻒ ﺍﻷﻣـﺮ‪،‬‬
‫ﻑ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﻘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺼـﻔﲔ ﻭﻧـﺎﺩﻯ ﻃﻠﺤـﺔ ﻭﺍﻟـﺰﺑﲑ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻔﺴﺪ ﺍﳋﻄﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺼﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﻜﻠﻤﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﳑﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻠﺰﺑﲑ ﺃﺗﺬﻛﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ  ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻚ ‪ ..." :‬ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻚ ﺳـﺘﻘﺎﺗﻠﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻧﺖ ﻟﻪ ﻇﺎﱂ" ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺗﺬﻛﺮﺕ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺃﺫﻛﺮ ﻣﺎ ﺧﺮﺟﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺰﺍﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﺮﺝ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺟﻬﻪ ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻭﺻﻞ ﺇﱃ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻉ ﻏﺪﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺟﺮﻣﻮﺯ ﻭﻗﺘﻠﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻄﺎﻋﺖ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺌﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺗﻨﺸﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻃﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻔﻮﺍ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻗﺪ ﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺪﻩ ﻭﺍﻟـﺘﺤﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﻘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺟﻴﺶ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﲔ ﺃﻟﻔﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻴﺶ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺸـﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺃﻟﻔﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﻘﺎﺀ ﰲ ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ ﲨﺎﺩﻯ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ٣٦‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻢ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻓﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺷﺘﺪﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﳉﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻫﻮﺩﺝ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨـﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺨﻄﹶﺎﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻗﹸﺘﻠﻮﺍ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﹰﺍ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﰒ ‪‬ﻋﻘِﺮ ﺍﳉﻤـﻞ‬
‫ﻼ ﻛﻞ ﺃﺧﺬ ِﺑ ِ‬
‫ﺣﱴ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺃﻣﺎﻣﻪ ﺳﺒﻌﻮﻥ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻧﻔﺮﺟﺖ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﻭﻫﺰﻡ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺻﻴﺐ ﻃﻠﺤﺔ ﻭﺟﺮﺡ ﺟﺮﺣﹰﺎ ﺑﻠﻴﻐﹰﺎ ﺑﺪﺃ ﻳﱰﻑ ﻣﻨـﻪ‬

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‫ﺍﻟﺪﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﲪﻠﺖ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ‪‬ﻮﺩﺟﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺧﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻓﺎﺟﻌـﺔ ﺃﻟﻴﻤـﺔ ﺫﻫـﺐ‬
‫ﺿﺤﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺃﻱ ﺍﳌﺆﺭﺧﲔ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺁﻻﻑ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻴﺶ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ ﻭﲬﺴﺔ ﺁﻻﻑ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻴﺶ ﻋﻠﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻓﻨﻨﻈﺮ ﻫﻞ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻊ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳍﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺯﺍﺩ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﺆﺭﺧﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻧﺘﺮﻭﻯ ﻗﻠﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺃﻋﺪﺍﺀ ﺃﻟﺪﺍﺀ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻮﺻﻒ ﺃﻡ ﺑﲔ ﺃﺣﺒﺔ ﺃﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻄﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﻨـﻬﻢ ﻓﻄﺎﺷـﺖ‬
‫ﺃﺣﻼﻣﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ؟ ﻭﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻧﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺭﺅﻭﺱ ﺟﻴﺶ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ‬
‫ﻻ ﺷﻚ ﻃﻠﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻭﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﻓﻠﻨﻨﻈﺮ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﻱ ‪‬ﻢ ؟ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻌﻘﺎﻉ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻤﻲ ﺃﺣﺪ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺩﺓ ﺟﻴﺶ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﺣﻜﻤﺎﺋﻪ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻃﻠﺤﺔ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﻘﺎﺗﻞ ﺟﺮﳛﹰﺎ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺃﺑﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ‬
‫ﺇﻧﻚ ﺟﺮﻳﺢ ﻓﺤﺒﺬﺍ ﻟﻮ ﺩﺧﻠﺖ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﺗﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﻓﺒﻄﻞ ﻳﺮﻯ ﻗﺎﺋﺪ ﺧﺼﻮﻣﻪ ﺟﺮﳛﹰﺎ ﻓﻴﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﻨـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻠﻮﺩ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﺃﻡ ﳚﻬﺰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ !‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺟﺎﺀ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺟﺮﻣﻮﺯ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﻳﺴﺘﺄﺫﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻗﻞ ﻟﻪ ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﺗﻞ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻲ ‪ :‬ﺃﺋﺬﻥ‬
‫ﻟﻪ ﺑﺸﺮﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺭ‪ .‬ﻓﻬﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﺪ ﻳﻔﺮﺡ ﺑﻘﺘﻞ ﻗﺎﺋﺪ ﺧﺼﻮﻣﻪ ﺃﻡ ﻳﺘﺄﺛﺮ ﰒ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻗﺎﺗﻠﻪ ﻻ ﺷﻚ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ؟‬
‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻛﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺿﺮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻜﻠﻢ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺷﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻏﺮﺓ ﺭﺟﺐ‬
‫ﻣﻊ ﺃﺧﻴﻬﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ‪ :‬ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺯﻭﺟﺔ ﻧﺒﻴﻜﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻋﻄﺎﻫﺎ ﻣﺒﻠﻐﹰﺎ ﻛﺒﲑﹰﺍ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳﻴ‪‬ﺮ ﰲ ﺭﻛﺒﻬﺎ ﻋﺪﺩﹰﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪ .‬ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺯﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺧﻠﻒ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋـﺪﺩ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺮﺣﻰ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺒﺌﲔ ﰲ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﻣﻜﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻏﲑﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﲡﺎﻫﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻭﻛﺄﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻮﻧﻮﺍ ﺧﺼﻮﻣﹰﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺼﻮﺭ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﻓﻠﻮ ﻛـﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻛـﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻟﻨﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﻣﺎ ﻧﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﻃﻠﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻨﺪﻩ ﺃﻻ ﳚﻬﺰﻭﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺮﻳﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺘﺒﻌﻮﺍ ﻫﺎﺭﺑﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳـﺪﺧﻠﻮﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﹰ‪،‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻭﻻ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻘﺎﺗﻞ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻣﻌﺎﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻛﻠـﻪ ﻳـﺪﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ ﳛﻮﺯﻭﺍ ﻣﺎﻻﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺆﺫﻭﺍ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻭﻻ ﻃﻔ ﹰ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺧﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺃﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻄﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻚ ﻭﺟﻬﺔ ﻧﻈﺮﻩ ﻭﺍﺟﺘﻬﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫـﻮ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺄﺟﻮﺭ ﺑﺈﺫﻥ ﺍﷲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﺑﺜﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻭﱃ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ ﻗﺪ ﺃﻋﻄـﻮﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺎﺭ ﻫﻮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﻟﻴﺘﻬﻴﺄ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗـﺪ ‪‬ﺧﺒ‪‬ـﺮ‬
‫ﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ ﻭ ‪‬ﺧﺒ‪‬ﺮﻭﻩ ﻭﺃﺧﺬﻫﻢ ﺑﺄﺳﻠﻮﺑﻪ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﻓﺄﺣﺒﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻷﻥ ﳍﻢ ﻓﺄﻃﺎﻋﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺰﻣﻬﻢ ﻓﺎﻧﻘﺎﺩﻭﺍ ﻟﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﱂ ﻳﺮﻳﺪﻭﺍ ﻏﲑﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺣﺪﺛﺖ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻨﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺴﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻐﻮﻏﺎﺋﻴﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺘﻠﻮﺍ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔـﺔ‬
‫ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ ﻣﻈﻠﻮﻣﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺑﺸﲑ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻭﻣﻌﻪ ﻗﻤﻴﺺ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻤﻠـﻮﺀ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻣﺎﺀ ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﺻﺎﺑﻊ ﺯﻭﺟﻪ ﻧﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﻣﻘﻄﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺛﺎﺭﻭﺍ ﻭﺑﻜﻮﺍ ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ ﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻈﻠﻮﻣﹰﺎ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺷﻴﺦ ﻃﺎﻋﻦ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺘﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﺪ ﺭﻋﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺛﺎﻧﻴﹰﺎ ﻷﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻊ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺃﻥ ﳛﺮﻙ ﺳﺎﻛﻨﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﺇﻥ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﻟﺮﻋﺎﻉ ﻗﺪ ﺳﻴﻄﺮﻭﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﳍﺠﺮﺓ‪ .‬ﻭﳚﺐ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻧﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﲢﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺫﻫﺎﺑﹰﺎ ﻭﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ ﺇﻳﺎﺑﹰﺎ ﻭﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺪﺓ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺪ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﻭﲢﺪﺙ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ ﲢﻤﻞ ﺍﻷﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﻣﻊ‬ ‫‪‬ﺗ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ‪.‬‬
‫ﰒ ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻗﺪ ﲤﺖ ﻟﻌﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻋﺪﺩﹰﺍ ﻣـﻦ ﺍﻟﺼـﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﱂ‬
‫ﻳﻌﻄﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺃﻣﺜﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺳﻌﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻭﻗﺎﺹ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺟﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺳﺎﻣﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﳏﻤﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺴﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻌﺐ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻮﻕ ﻛﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﻃﻠﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻗﺪ ﺃﻋﻄﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻣﻜﺮﻫﲔ ﻭﳘﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺟﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺭﻯ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻥ ﺭﺟﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺭﻯ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺑﻘﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﺪ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﻫﻢ ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﻭﻫـﻮ ﺻـﺎﺣﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻃﻠﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﳌﺎ ﻳﺒﺎﻳﻌﺎ ﺇﻻ ﻣﻜﺮﻫﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻌﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻭﻗﺎﺹ ﱂ ﻳﺒﺎﻳﻊ ﺃﺑـﺪﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓـﺎﻷﻣﺮ‬
‫ﲝﺎﺟﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻧﻈﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻊ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻋﻠﻲ ﱂ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻊ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺒﺾ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﳊـﺪﻭﺩ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺘﻠﺔ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻻ ﻳﺰﺍﻟﻮﻥ ﻳﺘﺤﻜﻤﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﻭﺻﻠﺖ ﺍﻷﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻤﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﱄ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧـﺖ ﻫـﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺘﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﺄﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﳛﺘﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻳﺚ ﺑﺈﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻌـﺔ‬
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ ﳚﺪ ﰲ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﺮﺍﻩ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺰﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﳌﻘﺘـﻮﻝ‪ .‬ﻭﺗﺘـﻮﺍﱃ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻋﺪﺩﹰﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺟﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻌﻮﺍ ﰲ ﻣﻜـﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺠـﺆﻭﺍ ﺇﻟﻴﻬـﺎ‬
‫ﻳﻌﺘﺰﻟﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻳﻌﺘﺮﺿﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺼﺮﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﻮﻏﺎﺋﻴﲔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﺮﺳﻞ ﻋﻠـﻲ ﺑـﻦ ﺃﰊ‬
‫ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺷﺪﻱ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ ﻋﻤﺎﻟﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﻣﺼﺎﺭ ﻭﻳﺮﺳﻞ ﻓﻴﻤﻦ ﻳﺮﺳﻞ ﺳﻬﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻨﻴﻒ ﺇﱃ‬

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‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻟﻴﺘﻮﱃ ﺃﻣﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻌﺰﻝ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺮﺩ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﱄ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺑﻼﺩ ﺍﻟﺸـﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺒﻘـﻰ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺣﺎﺿﺮﺗﻪ ﻳﻨﺘﻈﺮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺆﻭﻝ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺗﺼﻞ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺃﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻋـﺪﺩﹰﺍ ﻗـﺪ‬
‫ﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻜﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ ﻣﻌﺎﺭﺿﲔ ﻟﻠﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺃﺳﻬﻢ ﺃﻡ ﺍﳌـﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻋﺎﺋﺸـﺔ‬
‫ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻃﻠﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫﻥ ﻳﻔﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﱂ ﻳﺴﺘﻘﺮ ﻟﻌﻠﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻈﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻈﺮ ﻣﻌﻪ ﳎﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ‪ .‬ﻭﺣﺪﺛﺖ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺍﻟﺒﺼـﺮﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱵ ﺫﻛﺮﻧﺎ ﻭﻭﻗﻌﺖ ﻣﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﳉﻤﻞ ﻭﺗﺄﺳﻒ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﳌﺎ ﰎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺟﻌﻞ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺸـﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﻳﻨﺘﻈﺮ ﰲ ﺇﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺭﺁﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺁﻩ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻋـﺪﺩ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻌﺪ ﺍﺟﺘﻬﺎﺩﹰﺍ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﻓﲑﻯ ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﻳﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧـﻪ ﻋﺎﻣـﻞ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﻥ ﻃﻠﺐ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﲣﻠﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻃﻠﺐ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺗﺒﻊ ﻭﻟـﻴﺲ‬
‫ﲟﺠﺘﻬﺪ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺍﱄ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﺎﻳﻊ ﻫﻮ ﻭﺃﻫﻞ ﻣﺼﺮﻩ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺑﺎﻳﻊ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﻌﻮﺍ ﻓﻠﻤﺎﺫﺍ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﱐ ؟ ﻓﻬﻞ ﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺭﻯ ﻟﻴﺆﺧﺬ ﺭﺃﻳﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺃﻡ ﻻ ؟‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﻋﺰﻟﻪ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻻﻣﺘﺜﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﻧﻈﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴـﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﻭﺻﺎﻉ ﻓﲑﻯ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺤﺮﻓﻮﻥ ﻻ ﻳﺰﺍﻟﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻓﻴﺠﺐ ﺍﻻﻧﺘـﻬﺎﺀ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻃﻤﺄﻧﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﱴ ﰎ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﺼﺮﻓﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻣﺼﺎﺭﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺘﻮﺯﻉ ﺃﻣـﺮﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻀـﻌﻒ‬
‫ﺷﺄ‪‬ﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻘﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺍﳊﺪﻭﺩ ﻭﻳﻘﺘﺺ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﲟﺎ ﺍﻗﺘﺮﻓﺖ ﺃﻳﺪﻳﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣـﺎ ﺍﻵﻥ ﻓﻠـﻬﻢ ﻗـﻮ‪‬ﻢ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺘﻤﻜﻨﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻓﻴﺼﻌﺐ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻷﻧﻪ ﺭﲟﺎ ﺇﻥ ﻓﻌﻞ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﻮﺍ ﻫـﻢ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻪ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﺟﺘﻬﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺆﺟﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ .‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﺳﻴﺪﻧﺎ ﻋﻠـﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺃﻣﺎﻣﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺃﻭﺍﻣﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟـﺬﻱ ﻻ ﻳﻌـﺮﻑ ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺪﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺎﳊﺰﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻠﲔ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻀﻌﻒ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﻗﺮﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﺌﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨـﻬﻮﺽ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺒﺄ ﺍﳉﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﲑ ﺇﺫ ﺟﺪ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﺐ ﺍﳌﻜﻲ ﻓﺴﺎﺭ ﻭﺭﺍﺀﻫـﻢ ﳓـﻮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻐﲑ ﺧﻂ ﺣﺮﻛﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﻗﻌﺖ ﻣﻌﺮﻛـﺔ ﺍﳉﻤـﻞ ﰲ ﻣﻨﺘﺼـﻒ‬
‫ﲨﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﺧﻞ ﺇﺛﺮﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺻﻠﺢ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﻔﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻲﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺍﺳﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﻜـﻮﺏ‪،‬‬

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‫ﻭﻭﺯﻉ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﺐ ﻭﺍﳌﻐﻠﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻭﻟﹼﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻣـﺪﺓ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﲢﺮﻙ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﻟﻴﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﺳﲑﻩ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻗﺼﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻛﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺻﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﰲ ‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺭﺟﺐ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ٣٦‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻜﺚ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺪﺓ ﺃﺭﺑﻌـﺔ ﺃﺷـﻬﺮ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺪ ﺧﻼﳍﺎ ﻟﻠﻘﺘﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺒﺄ ﺍﳉﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻳﺮﻓﻖ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﻭﻻ ﺑﺄﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺍﻋﺘﺎﺩ ﺧﻼﻝ‬
‫ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻳﺴﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻣﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻋﺘﺮﺿﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻌﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﳛﺚ ﺍﻟﺴﲑ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﺟﺪ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻋﻘﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ ﻳﺮﻓﻘﻮﻥ ﺑﺄﻧﻔﺴﻬﻢ ﻳﺴﲑﻭﻥ ﺳﲑ ﺃﻣﲑﻫﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﺟﺮﻳﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺒﺠﻠﻲ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻳﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﻨـﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒـﺎﻳﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺩﺧﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺒﲔ ﺣﺠﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﺭﺃﻳﻪ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻄﻠﺐ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﱂ ﻳﻌﻂ‬
‫ﺟﻮﺍﺑﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺟﻊ ﺟﺮﻳﺮ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻳﺮﻳـﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﳉـﻮﺍﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﻊ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﻋﺪﻭﺍ ﺃﻥ ﺟﺮﻳﺮﹰﺍ ﱂ ﻳﻘﻢ ﺑﺎﳌﻬﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﻮﻃﺔ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﳚﺐ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﲰﻌﻪ ﺍﻷﺷﺘﺮ ﻛﻼﻣﹰﺎ ﺗﺄﺛﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻐﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﳌﻌﺴﻜﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻗﺎﻡ ﰲ ﻗﺮﻗﻴﺴﺎﺀ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﺀ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﳋﺎﺑﻮﺭ ﺑﻨﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺕ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﺎﳌﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻓﻘـﺪ‬
‫ﻼ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﺍﳋﻮﻻﱐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﱂ ﺗﺆﺩ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻞ ﺇﱃ ﻧﺘﻴﺠـﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺭﺳ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺟﻌﻞ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﻋﻠﻲ ﳛﺜﻮﻧﻪ ﻟﻠﺴﲑ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﺩﺧﻞ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺫﻱ ﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﺇﻻ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻃﻼﺋـﻊ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﰲ ﺑﻼﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺃﻣﺮﻫﻢ ﺃﻻ ﻳﺒﺪﺅﻭﺍ ﺑﻘﺘﺎﻝ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺪﺭﻛﻬﻢ‪...‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻢ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﲝﺮﻛﺔ ﺟﻴﺶ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﻓﺄﺳﺮﻉ ﲜﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺻﻞ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺇﱃ ﺻﻔﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧـﺰﻝ‬
‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧﹰﺎ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﹰﺎ ﳝﻜﻨﻪ ﻭﺟﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺏ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻭﺻﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺇﱃ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺟﺪ ﺟﻨﺪﻩ ﰲ ﻇﻤﺄ‪ ،‬ﻓﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺣﺮﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﱂ ﳛﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﱃ ﺍﺣﺘﻜﺎﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﺘﺼﺮ ﺟﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﻭﺃﺯﺍﺣﻮﺍ ﺟﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻋـﻦ ﻣـﻮﺍﻗﻌﻬﻢ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﹰﺎ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺣﺮﹰﺍ ﻳﺸﺮﺏ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻓﺎﻥ ﺑﻜﻞ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻳﺮﻳﺪﻭﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﻘﺎﻥ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻳﻠﺘﻘﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺴﻌﻰ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻌﺾ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﲟﺎ ﻳﺴﻤﺮﻭﻥ ﻣﻌـﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻼ ﻳﺴﺘﺮﺟﻊ ﻣـﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻥ ﻗﺘﺎﻝ ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﻝ ﻭﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺎﺕ ﲢﺪﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﲟﺎ ﻳﻘﻒ ﺍﳌﺮﺀ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻃﻮﻳ ﹰ‬
‫ﺻﻮﺭﻩ ﺍﳌﺆﺭﺧﻮﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳋﺼﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳉﺎﻧﺒﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻏﺒﺔ ﺍﳌﻠﺤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺇﻥ ﻫﻲ ﺇﻻ ﺧﻼﻑ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺧﻮﺓ ﻣﻀﻤﺮﺓ ﻏﲑ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﺑﺴـﺒﺐ ﺫﻟـﻚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﻳﻦ ﰲ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻬﺎﺩ‪.‬‬

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‫ﰒ ﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳍﺠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺳﺢ ﺑﻜﻼﻻﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺑﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗـﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛـﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻳﺒﻐﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﺌﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳜﺸﺎﻩ ﺍﳉﺎﻧﺒﺎﻥ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻱ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺇﳕﺎ‬
‫ﻫﻮ ﺍﺿﻌﺎﻑ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﳊﻀﻮﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻱ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺇﳕﺎ ﻫﻢ ﺟﻨـﺪ ﺍﳌﺴـﻠﻤﲔ‬
‫ﻭﻗﻮ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎﺗﻘﻬﻢ ﲪﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻐﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﲤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻮﺣﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﻓﺮﻗﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻓﺮﻗﺔ ﻟﻌﻞ‬
‫ﺍﷲ ﻳﺼﻠﺢ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺜﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺭﺷﺪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﺪﺓ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺫﻱ ﺍﳊﺠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻫﻞ‬
‫ﺷﻬﺮ ﺍﶈﺮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺼﺎﻓﻮﺍ ﻟﻌﻠﻬﻢ ﻳﺘﺼﺎﳊﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺜﺮﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺮﺍﺀ ﺑـﲔ ﺍﻟﻔـﺮﻳﻘﲔ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺟﺪﻭﻯ‪ .‬ﻭﻻ ﺑﺪ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻗﻔﺔ ﻗﺼﲑﺓ ﻫﻞ ﻳﺘﺮﻙ ﺍﳊﻘﺪ ﳍﻢ ﳎﺎ ﹰﻻ ﻟﻠﺘﻔﻜﲑ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮﻗﻒ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺣﻘﺪ ؟ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻮﺱ ﻃﻴﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻘﻠﻮﺏ ﳏﺒﺔ ﺻﺎﺩﻗﺔ ﺗﺴـﺘﻐﻞ ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﺷﻲﺀ ﻟﻌﻞ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻳﻬﺪﺃ ﻭﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺢ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺑﻘﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺃﻳﻪ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﻗﻔـﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﺍﺿﺢ ﺑﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﺭﺃﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻻ ﻳﺒﺪﻱ ﲡﺎﻭﺑﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻻﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﺎﺩﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺎﻧﺒﲔ ﻳﻨﺎﻭﺵ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﻀﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻒ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻬﺮ‬
‫ﺻﻔﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ٣٧‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺭﺃﻯ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻓﺎﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺧﲑ ﻻ ﻳﻔﻴﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻻ ﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ ﲪﻠﺔ ﻋﺎﻣـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﻘﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺎﺳﺮ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺎﺷﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺘﺒﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻭﻗﺎﺹ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺘﻞ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻇﻬﺮﺕ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﺍﳍﺰﳝﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻴﺶ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻓﻌﺖ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻮﻗـﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﳑﺎ ﻗﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻗﺴﻢ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻳﺮﻏﺐ ﰲ ﻭﻗـﻒ ﺍﻟﻘﺘـﺎﻝ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻻﺷﺘﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﻌﻲ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺯﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺇﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻣﺮ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻒ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻗﺪ‬
‫ﰎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﻳﻨﺘﻈﺮﻭﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﺑﺎﺭﻗﺔ ﺃﻣﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﳌـﺎ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﱂ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺼﺮ ﻗﺪ ﻻﺡ ﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﺎﺗﻞ ﺑﻌﻨـﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻑ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻧﺪ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺭﺃﻱ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻗﻞ‪ .‬ﻭﳌﺎ ﺳﺄﻝ ﺍﻷﺷﺘﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﻌﻲ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺑـﻦ‬
‫ﺃﰊ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺭﺃﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﺟﺎﺑﻪ ﺑﻔﻜﺮﺓ ﺍﳊﻜﻤﲔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺘﺒﺖ ﺻﺤﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺷﻬﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺭﺟﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻓﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺸـﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺭﺍﺿﻮﻥ ﻭﺟﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﺑﲔ ﺭﺍﺽ ﻭﺳﺎﺧﻂ ﻭﺳﺎﻛﺖ ﻣﻜﺮﻫﹰﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﻳﻮﻣﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﻘـﺪ‬

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‫ﺃﺫﻥ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺣﻴﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺩﻓﻨﻮﺍ ﻣﻮﺗﺎﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻮﻛﺐ ﳓﻮ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﲔ‬
‫ﲢﺮﻙ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﲜﻴﺸﻪ ﳓﻮ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﱂ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﺟﻴﺶ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻛﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺍﳓﺎﺯﺕ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻨـﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺣـﺮﻭﺭﺍﺀ‬
‫ﳐﺎﻟﻔﲔ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺻﺤﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﺎﺿﺒﲔ ﻋﻤﺎ ﰎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺭﺗﺒﻮﺍ ﺃﻣﻮﺭﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺠﻌﻠﻮﺍ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﳊﺮﺏ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺷﺒﺚ ﺑﻦ ﺭﺑﻌﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﺍﺀ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺭﺳﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺇﻟـﻴﻬﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻞ ﻋﻠﻬﻢ ﻳﻌﻮﺩﻭﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺻﻮﺍ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺮﺟﻌﻮﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺇﺧﻮﺍ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﺭﲟﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻳﻔﻜﺮﻭﻥ ﰲ ﺫﻟـﻚ‪،‬‬
‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻳﻄﺎﻟﺒﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﹰﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻮﺩﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ ﻭﺗﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺎﺩ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺃﻣـﲑ‬
‫ﺣﺮ‪‬ﻢ ﺷﺒﺚ ﺑﻦ ﺭﺑﻌﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻓﻨﺎﻗﺸـﻬﻢ ﻭﺃﻃـﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻬﻢ ﺍﳉﺪﺍﻝ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺫﻫﺐ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﻭﺣﺎﺟﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺎﺩﻭﺍ ﲨﻴﻌﹰﺎ ﻓﺪﺧﻠﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻇـﻦ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻗﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃ‪‬ﻢ ﺑﻘﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻡ ﻳﻌﻠﻨﻮﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺁﺭﺍﺋﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺼﻴﺤﻮﻥ ﺻـﺤﻴﺘﻬﻢ ﻻ‬
‫ﺣﻜﻢ ﺇﻻ ﷲ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ‪ :‬ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﺣﻖ ﺃﺭﻳﺪ ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﺎﻃﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻨﺎﻗﺸﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻈﻨﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﹰﺎ ﺳﻴﻌﻮﺩ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻳﻨﺘﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺣﱴ ﺗﺴﺘﺮﻳﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﻳﻨﻬﺾ ﻟﻠﺤﺮﺏ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﳊﻜﻤﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺩﻭﻣﺔ ﺍﳉﻨﺪﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺘﻔﻘﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺑﻞ ﺭﺟﻌﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﺗﻔـﺎﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜـﻦ‬
‫ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﺎ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﺍﳌﺆﺭﺧﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺮﻱ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺮﺟـﻞ ﺍﳌﻐﻔـﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻠﻌﺐ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﰊ ﺍﳉﻠﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺍﱄ ﻟﻌﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻣﺼـﺎﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻨﻌﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﳌﺆﺭﺧﻮﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺳـﻰ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤـﺎ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻮﱄ ﻋﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﺪﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﻭﺀﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕـﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻓﺘﺮﻗﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﺸﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻴﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﻌﺪ ﻟﻠﻨﻬﻮﺽ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻃﻠﺐ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺼـﺮﺓ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﻌﺪ ﺑﺄﻫﻞ ﻣﺼﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺭﺳﻞ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺗﻠﲔ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﹰﺎ ﻗﺪ ﻻﺣﻆ‬
‫ﻼ ﺇﺛـﺮ ﺭﺗـﻞ‪،‬‬‫ﺃﻭﻟﺌﻚ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺧﺮﺟﻮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺴﻜﺮﻩ ﺑﺎﻷﻣﺲ ﰒ ﻋﺎﺩﻭﺍ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺑﺪﺅﻭﺍ ﻳﺘﺴﻠﻠﻮﻥ ﺭﺗ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﻳﻜﺘﺒﻮﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺇﺧﻮﺍ‪‬ﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ ﻟﻴﻮﺍﻓﻮﻫﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺮﻭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﻜﺖ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘـﺮﻛﻬﻢ‬
‫ﻭﻣﺎ ﺧﺮﺟﻮﺍ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺳﻜﺘﻮﺍ ﺗﺮﻛﻨﺎﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺗﻜﻠﻤﻮﺍ ﺟﺎﺩﻟﻨﺎﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﻓﺴﺪﻭﺍ ﻗﺎﺗﻠﻨﺎﻫﻢ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﻏﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﲑ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻭﻳﺘﺮﻛﻬﻢ ﻭﺷﺄ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻓﺴﺎﺩﻫﻢ ﻗﺪ ﺑﺪﺃ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻗﺘﻠﻮﺍ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ‬

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‫ﺧﺒﺎﺏ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻷﺭﺕ ﻭﺫﲝﻮﻩ ﺫﺑﺢ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﺎﺝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺘﻠﻮﺍ ﻧﺴﻮﺓ ﻣﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺭﺳﻞ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﺭﺳـﻮ ﹰﻻ ﻓﻘﺘﻠـﻮﻩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻫﺎ ﺍﺿﻄﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺩﺓ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﲑ ﻭﻳﺘـﺮﻛﻬﻢ‬
‫ﻭﺭﺍﺀﻩ ﻳﻌﻴﺜﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻔﺴﺎﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺴﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﺎﺩﳍﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻃﻠﺐ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﻗﺘﻠﺔ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺧﺒﺎﺏ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻻﺭﺕ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮﺍ ‪ :‬ﻛﻠﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻗﺘﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﲤﺎﺩﻭﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻫﺠﻤﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻴﺸﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺪﺅﻭﺍ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺿﻄﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺣﺮ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﺇﺑﺎﺩ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﰲ ﻣﻜﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺮﻭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻛﺜﺮﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻴﺸﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻗﺘﻞ‬
‫ﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺪﻱ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻣﻌﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮﻩ ﻋﺪﻱ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺎﰎ ﰲ ﺟﻴﺶ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻠـﻰ ﻛـﺎﻧﻮﺍ‬
‫‪‬ﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺃﻭ ﻗﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻐﺪﺍ ﺟﻴﺸﻪ ﺣﺰﻳﻨﹰﺎ ﻛﺌﻴﺒﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺘﻠﻰ ﺧﺼـﻮﻣﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻗﺘﻠـﻰ ﺃﻫﻠـﻪ‬
‫ﻓﺘﻐﲑﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻮﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺒﺪﻟﺖ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﺎﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺭﻙ ﺍﻟـﱵ ﺩﺍﺭﺕ ﰲ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ‪ :‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﰲ ﻭﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﻱ ﻓﻴﻨﺤﺎﺯ ﻛـﻞ ﻓـﺮﺩ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺟﺎﻧﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﺎﺗﻞ ﻓﻤﻦ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺃﺻﻴﺐ ﲟﻦ ﻓﻘﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻟﻴﺴﺘﺮﻳﺢ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﻨﺴـﻰ ﺍﻟـﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﻯ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﺘﻈﺮ ﻗﻠﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﺃﺻﻴﺐ ﻣﺼﻴﺒﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻗﺪ ﲰﻊ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﺴﲑ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸـﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻓﺄﺳﺮﻉ ﺇﱃ ﺻﻔﲔ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﱂ ﳚﺪ ﻟﻠﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﺟﻴﺸﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻈﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﺃﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﳋـﻮﺍﺭﺝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣـﺎ‬
‫ﺣﺪﺙ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ ﻭﺑﲔ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﺮﻑ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻔﻞ ﺭﺍﺟﻌﹰﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﺭﺍﺡ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﺃﻯ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺟﻨﺪﻩ ﻗﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺣﻮﺍ ﻭﺣﺼﻠﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺣﺒﻮﺍ ﻓﺪﻋﺎﻫﻢ ﻟﻠﻘﺘـﺎﻝ ﻓﻠـﻢ ﻳﻨﻔـﺮﻭﺍ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺣﺜﻬﻢ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺴﺘﺠﻴﺒﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺮﺿﻬﻢ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺴﻤﻌﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﳜﻄﺒﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﺴﻮ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺴـﻤﻌﻮﻥ‬
‫ﰒ ﳜﺮﺟﻮﻥ ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻬﻢ ﻛﺄ‪‬ﻢ ﱂ ﻳﺴﻤﻌﻮﺍ ﻛﻼﻣﹰﺎ ﺣﱴ ﺿﺎﻕ ‪‬ﻢ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺫﺭﻋﹰﺎ ﻭﲤﲎ‬
‫ﻟﻮ ﱂ ﻳﻌﺮﻓﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ ﻣﻌﻬﻢ ﳏﻨﺔ ﺷﺎﻗﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻴﺸﹰﺎ ﻣﻠﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﺑﺎﳌﺸﺎﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻌﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻐﺼﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻳﺄﻣﺮ ﻓﻼ ﻳﻄﺎﻉ‪،‬ﻭﻳﺪﻋﻮ ﻓﻼ ﻳﺴﺘﺠﺎﺏ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺮﲟﺎ ﺣﺪﺙ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻊ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓـﺔ ﺑﺴـﺒﺐ ﻣـﺎ‬
‫ﺧﺎﺿﻮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺮﻭﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺇﻣﺎﻣﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃ‪‬ﻢ ﺭﺃﻭﻫﺎ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻓﻜﺮﻭﺍ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﳊﺰﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺻﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﺑﻌﺪﻣﺎ ﻓﻘﺪﻭﺍ ﺇﺧﻮﺍ‪‬ﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺮﻭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﲟﺎ ﺑﺴـﺒﺐ ﻣـﺎ‬
‫ﻻﺣﻈﻮﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻮﺣﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ ﺳﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻛـﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑـﻞ ﺃﺧـﺬ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺿﻄﺮﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﻃﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﺑﺜﻐﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻓﺄﺳﻜﺘﻬﻢ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺑﺪﻓﻊ ﺟﺰﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﺭﻳﺜﻤﺎ ﺗﻨﺘﻬﻲ‬

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‫ﺃﻭﺿﺎﻉ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺿﻄﺮﺑﺖ ﺛﻐﻮﺭ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻜﻠﻔﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﺣﱴ‬
‫ﻳﻬﺪﺃ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﻭﺗﺴﺘﻘﺮ ﺍﳊﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﲟﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺃﻭﺿﺎﻋﻬﻢ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﳊﺴﻨﺔ ﺇﺫ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻳﻘﺴﻢ ﳍـﻢ ﺍﳌـﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻌﻄﻴﻬﻢ ﺃﻋﻄﻴﺎ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﳛﺐ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺪﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺪﺓ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻨﺲ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﻭﻳﺼـﻠﻲ ﻓﻴـﻪ‬
‫ﺭﻛﻌﺘﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﺮﲟﺎ ﻭﺟﺪﻭﺍ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺭﺍﺣﺔ ﻣﻐﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﻋﺔ ﻣﻄﻤﻌﺔ ﻓﺄﺧﻠﺪ‪‬ﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻏﺒﺘﻬﻢ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﳚﻌﻞ ﺃﻣﺮ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺻﻌﺒﹰﺎ ﻭﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ ﻗﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻳﺒﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﲑ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺩﺧﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺮﻯ ﺃﻥ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔـﺔ ﻏـﲑ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻠﻤﺘﻪ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺴﻤﻮﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺪﺩﹰﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﱂ ﻳﺒﺎﻳﻌﻮﺍ ‪...‬‬
‫ﻭﻇﻬﺮ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻮﺍﺭﺝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺮﻭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺒﲔ ﻟﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺣﲔ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ‬
‫ﺇﻻ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻗﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺃﻭ ﺟﺰﺀ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺴﻜﺮﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﻋﺪﺩﹰﺍ ﻣﻨـﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛـﺎﻧﻮﺍ‬
‫ﳚﺎﻫﺮﻭﻥ ﺑﺮﺃﻳﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻨﺎﻗﺸﻮ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺯﺍﺩﻩ ﺇﻻ ﻏﻤﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﳌﺎ ﺭﺃﻯ ﻣﺎ ﺭﺃﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺪﻋﻮ ﻓﻼ ﻳﺴﺘﺠﺎﺏ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻊ ﻳﻨﺎﻗﺸﻬﻢ ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻤﻊ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﳝﻨﻊ ﻋﻨـﻬﻢ‬
‫ﺃﻋﻄﻴﺎ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻳﻌﺎﻳﺸﻮﻧﻪ ﻭﻳﻌﺎﻳﺸﻮﻥ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﳜﺮﺟﻮﻥ ﲢﺖ ﺟﻨﺢ ﺍﻟﻈـﻼﻡ‬
‫ﻟﻴﻠﺘﻘﻲ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﺾ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻳﻌﻴﺸﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺴﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﺘﻠﻮﻥ ﺇﻥ ﺭﺃﻭﺍ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻤﲎ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻝ ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻳﺆﺧﺮ ﺃﺷﻘﺎﻫﺎ؟ ﺃﻱ ﻣﺎ ﳝﻨﻊ ﺃﺷﻘﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺘﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺮﳛﻪ ﳑﺎ ﳚﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺳﻴﻤﻮﺕ ﺷﻬﻴﺪﹰﺍ ﺣﺴﺒﻤﺎ ﺃﺧﱪﻩ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻧﻪ ﺳـﻴﻘﺘﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺃﺷﻘﻰ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺍﻟﻴﻪ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒـﺎﺱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺼـﺮﺓ‬
‫ﻳﺄﻣﺮﺍﻥ ﻓﻼ ﳚﺎﺑﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺟﻌﻞ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻳﻔﻜﺮ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻼﺹ ﳑﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻛﻤـﺎ‬
‫ﻳﻔﻜﺮ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺬﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺭﲢﻞ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻜﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻟﻴﻌﻴﺶ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻋﻴﺎﻩ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺃﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳﺘﺮﻙ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﺑﻘﻲ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺣﱴ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ‬
‫ﻭﺣﱴ ﺑﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺳﺎﻓﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺮﲟﺎ ﻟـﻮ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﺯﻳﺮﹰﺍ ﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﺸﺪﺓ ﻣﺎ ﻭﺟﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﲑ ﻻ ﳝﻜـﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻔﻌـﻞ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻭﻭﺟﺪ ﺟﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻻ ﻳﻄﺎﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻌﺪ ﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺰ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻣﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻨـﻪ‬
‫ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺎﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﺑﻜﻞ ﺣﺰﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺄﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺮﻭﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻨﻬﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﻜﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻣﻌﻨﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺭﺿـﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻄﺎﻉ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﻣﺼﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﳛﻜﻤﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻘﺘﻞ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﺍﱄ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻊ ﺍﻷﺷﺘﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﻌﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﻞ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ٣٨‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﺷﺘﺮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻊ ﻋﻠﻲ ﰲ ﺻﻔﲔ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻋﺎﺩ ﻣﻨـﻬﺎ ﺃﻋـﺎﺩﻩ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻤﻠـﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳉﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﺃﻣﲑﹰﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ )ﻧﺼﻴﺒﲔ( ﰒ ﻭﺟﻬﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻓﻤﺎﺕ ﻣﺴﻤﻮﻣﹰﺎ‪ .‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﻗﻴﺲ ﺑﻦ ﺳـﻌﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺮﻃﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﺮ ﺍﳊﻀﺮﻣﻲ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻮﺟـﺪ ﰲ ﻫـﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺼﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﺜﺄﺭ ﺳﻴﺪﻧﺎ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻧﻜﺐ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﺤﺪﺛﺖ ﺍﺿـﻄﺮﺍﺑﺎﺕ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﱂ ﻳﺼﻞ ﺇﱃ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻣﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ٣٩‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﻕ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺟﻴﺸﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺃﻣﻼﻙ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺭﺳﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺑﺸـﲑ‬
‫ﰲ ﺃﻟﻔﻲ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺇﱃ ﻋﲔ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻮﻑ ﰲ ﺳﺘﺔ ﺁﻻﻑ ﺇﱃ ﻫﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻢ ﳚـﺪ‬
‫‪‬ﺎ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﺎﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﺎﺭ ﻓﺄﻏﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﰒ ﻋﺎﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﺍﻟﻀﺤﺎﻙ ﺑﻦ ﻗﻴﺲ ﺇﱃ ﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﺗﺪﻣﺮ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻫﺰﻡ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﺣﺠﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺪﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﻨﺪﻱ ﻗﺎﺋﺪ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﺰﺍﺭﻱ ﰲ‬
‫ﺃﻟﻒ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻴﻤﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻏﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺃﻥ ﺯﺍﺩﺕ ﺃﻫـﻞ ﺍﻟﻌـﺮﺍﻕ‬
‫ﺧﻮﻓﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻏﺒﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ‪‬ﻮﺽ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺷﺠﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﺎﻭﻳﺄﻣﲑﹰﺍ ﻋﻠﻰﺍﳌﻮﺳﻢ ﻟﻴﻘﻴﻢ ﻟﻠﻨﺎﺱ ﺣﺠﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺩﻧﺎ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻜﺔ ﺧﺎﻓﻪ ﻗﺜﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﺎﻋﺘﺰﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻣـﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺧﺘـﺎﺭﻭﺍ‬
‫ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﻠﺤﺔ ﺃﻣﲑﹰﺍ ﻟﻠﺤﺞ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ‪ ٣٩‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﺴـﲑ ﻳﺰﻳـﺪ ﺑـﻦ‬
‫ﺷﺠﺮﺓ ﻓﻨﺪﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻟﺮﺩﻩ ﻓﺘﺜﺎﻗﻠﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﻣﻌﻘﻞ ﺑﻦ ﻗﻴﺲ ﰲ ﺟﻨﺪ ﻓﻮﺻﻠﻮﺍ ﻋﻨـﺪﻣﺎ ﻛـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺳﻢ ﻗﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻬﻢ ﺃﺩﺭﻛﻮﺍ ﻣﺆﺧﺮﺓ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺳﺮﻭﺍ ﻧﻔﺮﹰﺍ ﻣﻨـﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋـﺎﺩﻭﺍ ‪‬ـﻢ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻭﳌﺎ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻃﻤﻊ ﺃﻫﻞ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﻭﺃﻫﻞ ﻛﺮﻣﺎﻥ ﻓﺤﺠﺒﻮﺍ ﺍﳋـﺮﺍﺝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻃـﺮﺩﻭﺍ‬
‫ﺳﻬﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻨﻴﻒ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‪ ،‬ﻓﺒﻌﺚ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻓﺄﻋﺎﺩ ﺍﻷﻣـﻦ ﻭﺿـﺒﻂ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ٤٠‬ﻫـ ﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﺴﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺃﺭﻃﺄﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﺠـﺎﺯ ﰲ ﺛﻼﺛـﺔ‬
‫ﺁﻻﻑ ﺭﺟﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺃﻳﻮﺏ ﺍﻻﻧﺼﺎﺭﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳـﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﲡﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻳﻊ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺑﺴﺮﹰﺍ ﻭﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﺃﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺟﺎﺑﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒـﺪﺍﷲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻣﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻠﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺮﺃﻱ ﺃﻡ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺃﻡ ﺳﻠﻤﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺇﺫ‬
‫ﺧﺎﻓﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﺎﻓﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻔﺴﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﰒ ﺍﻧﻄﻠﻖ ﺑﺴﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺃﺭﻃﺄﺓ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻜﺔ ﺍﳌﻜﺮﻣﺔ ﻓﺨﺎﻓﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻋﻔﻰ ﻋﻨﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﻣﻜﺔ ﺳﺎﺭ ﺑﺴﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﻟﻘﻲ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﻈﺎﻇﺔ ﻓﻜﺘﺐ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺭﺳﻞ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﻳﺴﺘﺼﻠﺤﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﱂ ﺗﺼـﻠﺢ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﻓﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﲪﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺪﺩﻫﻢ ﻓﺨﺎﻓﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺘﺒﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻳﺴﺘﻨﺼﺮﻭﻧﻪ ﻓﺴﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻜﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺴﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﻹﻳﻘﺎﻉ ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺴﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﻒ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻐﲑﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺷـﻌﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻧﺼﺤﻪ ﻓﻌﺪﻝ ﻋﻦ ﺭﺃﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﳌﺎ ﻭﺻﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻗﺪ ﻏﺎﺩﺭﻫﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺍﳌﺪﺍﻥ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺑﺴﺮﹰﺍ ﻗﺪ ﺩﺧﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺇﱃ ﺟﺰﻳﺮﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﺟﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻗﺪﺍﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻌﻪ ﺃﻟﻔﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﻫﺐ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﻭﻣﻌﻪ ﺃﻟﻔﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺎﺭ ﺟﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺣـﱴ‬
‫ﺃﺗﻰ ﳒﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ﺑﺴﺮ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﺒﻌﻪ ﺟﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻓﺪﺧﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻃﻠﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﻟـﻪ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻫﻠﻚ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺑﺎﻳﻌﻮﻧﺎ ﳌﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﻊ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻓﺒﺎﻳﻌﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺳﺎﺭ ﺟﺎﺭﻳـﺔ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻓﺪﺧﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺑﺎﻳﻊ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺪﺓ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﻻ ﺗﺸﻐﻠﻪ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳـﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﲢﺮﻓﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﺼﺮﻓﺎﺕ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ ﻭﲣﺎﺫﳍﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﳝﻨﻌﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻟﻘﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺓ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺒﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺮﺍﻁ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻄﻠﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻓﻘﻬﻪ ﻭﻋﻠﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﻳﻘـﻮﻝ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﺃﻗﻀﺎﻧﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺳﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺳﲑﺓ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻋﺮﻓﺖ ﺑﺎﳊﺰﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻣﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻣﻦ‬

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‫ﻣﻐﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﳛﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺓ ﻭﻳﺆﺩﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺍﳋﻴﺰﺭﺍﻧﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﱂ ﲡﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﳝﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻷﺳﻮﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻨﻈﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺳﻌﺎﺭ ﻭﻳﺮﺍﻗﺒﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺄﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﻭﻳﻨﻬﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﻜﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﳚﻠﺲ ﻟﻠﻨـﺎﺱ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﳛﻞ ﻣﺸﻜﻼ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﻀﻲ ﳍﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻌﻆ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﳜﻄﺒﻬﻢ‪.‬‬

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 ‫‪@ ßb¨a@@szj½a‬‬
‫‪@ @@ñ…ŠÛa@lëŠy‬‬

‫ﳌﺎ ﺗﻮﰲ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ  ﺍﺗﺴﻊ ﻧﻄﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺮﺩﺓ ﻭﳒﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻕ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺇﻻ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻜﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﻒ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺇﻥ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻘﻊ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪ ﺧﺎﻑ ﺃﻫﻠـﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺈﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﺟﻴﺶ ﺃﺳﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ ‪ :‬ﻟﻮ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻗﻮﺓ ﳌﺎ ﺃﺭﺳﻠﻮﺍ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫـﺬﺍ ﺍﳉـﻴﺶ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻠﻨﺘﺮﻙ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺇﱃ ﻗﺘﺎﳍﻢ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻧﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻛﻔﻮﻧﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﻧﺘﺼﺮ ﺃﺳـﺎﻣﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻘﺪ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺍﻹِﺳﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺟﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻕ ﺗﻨﻜﻔﺄ ﰲ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﻉ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺪﻭﻥ ﻓﺮﻳﻘﲔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭﳍﻤﺎ ﻗﺪ ﺳﺎﺭ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﺘﻨﺒﺌﲔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺫﺑﲔ ﺃﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﻣﺴـﻴﻠﻤﺔ ﻭﻃﻠﻴﺤـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﺳﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺁﻣﻨﻮﺍ ﲟﺎ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﺬﹼﺍﺑﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺛﺎﻧﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﺑﻘﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﳝﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻭﺷﻬﺎﺩﺗﻪ ﺑﻨﺒﻮﺓ ﳏﻤﺪ ‬
‫ﻭﺇﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﺭﻓﺾ ﺗﺄﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ﻭﻋﺪ‪‬ﻫﺎ ﺿﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﻳﺪﻓﻌﻬﺎ ﻣﻜﺮﻫﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻭﻓﺪﹰﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﳌﻔﺎﻭﺿﺔ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻧﺰﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺟﻬﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻨـﺎﺱ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﺪﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻭﺍﻓﻖ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﻣﺎ ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺳﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﺎﻗﺸﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑـﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺡ ﻭﺳﺎﱂ ﻣﻮﱃ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺬﻳﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺪ ﺭﻓﺾ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻗﻮﻟﺘﻪ ﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺭﺓ "ﻭﺍﷲ ﻟﻮ ﻣﻨﻌﻮﱐ ﻋﻘﺎ ﹰﻻ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻳﺆﺩﻭﻧـﻪ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ  ﳉﺎﻫﺪ‪‬ﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺃﻥ‬‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻷﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ ‪ :‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﻘﺎﺗﻠﻬﻢ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ  ‪ :‬ﺃﹶﻣﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺃﻗﺎﺗﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻘﻮﻟﻮﺍ ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻋﺼﻢ ﻣﲏ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻭﻣﺎﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺇﻻ ﲝﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺴﺎﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﻷﻗﺎﺗﻠ ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺮﻕ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻛـﺎﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ﺣﻖ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﻟﻮ ﻣﻨﻌﻮﱐ ﻋﻨﺎﻗﹰﺎ)‪ (١‬ﻟﻘﺎﺗﻠﺘﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﻌﻬﻢ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺭﺃﻯ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ‬
‫ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹِﺳﻼﻡ ﻛﻞ ﻻ ﻳﺘﺠﺰﺃ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺮﻕ ﺑـﲔ ﻓﺮﻳﻀـﺔ ﻭﺃﺧـﺮﻯ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺭﻛﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻹِﺳﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﲝـﺪ‬

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‫ﺫﺍ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺟﺰﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹِﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﺇﳘﺎﻝ ﺁﺧﺮ‪ .‬ﻭﺭﺃﻯ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﺧـﺬ ﺑـﺎﻟﻠﲔ‬
‫ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﺇﺫ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﺖ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ! ﺗﺄﻟﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﺭﻓﻖ ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺟﺎﺑﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ‬
‫‪ :‬ﺭﺟﻮﺕ ﻧﺼﺮﺗﻚ ﻭﺟﺌﺘﲏ ﲞﺬﻻﻧﻚ ؟ ﺃﺟﺒﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺧﻮﺍﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻹِﺳﻼﻡ ؟ ﺇﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﺍﻧﻘﻄﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﹶﰎ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﻳﻨﻘﺺ ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﺣﻲ؟ ﺃﻟﻴﺲ ﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ  ﺇﻻ ﲝﻘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺣﻘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺇﻳﺘﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﻟﻮ ﺧﺬﻟﲏ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻛﻠﻬﻢ ﳉﺎﻫﺪ‪‬ﻢ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺭ ‪‬ﺩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻓﺪ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﻘﲔ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺘﻨﻌﻮﺍ ﻋﻦ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﻔﻬﹰﺎ ﺭﺃﻳﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺴﻜﹰﺎ ﺑﺎﳊﻖ‬
‫ﰲ ﺇﺟﺒﺎﺭﻫﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳋﻀﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻟﻠﺪﻳﻦ ﻓﻌﺎﺩ ﺭﺟﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺪ ﺇﱃ ﻗﺒﺎﺋﻠﻬﻢ ﻭﺃﺧﱪﻭﻫﻢ ﺑﻘﻠـﺔ‬
‫ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ‪ -‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺟﻴﺶ ﺃﺳﺎﻣﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺍﻧﻄﻠﻖ ‪ -‬ﻭﺃﻃﻤﻌﻮﻫﻢ ﺑﻐﺰﻭ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
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‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﻕ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺴﺨﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻧﺜﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺎﻋﺰ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻋﺎﺩ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺷﻴ ‪‬ﻊ ﺟﻴﺶ ﺃﺳﺎﻣﺔ ﻗـﺪ ﺟﻌـﻞ‬
‫ﻛﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﺬ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺩﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻃﻠﺤﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻌﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻭﻗﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻮﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻃﻠﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻧﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺪﺍﺩﹰﺍ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻃﺎﺭﺉ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﳍﻢ ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻓﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺭﺃﻯ ﻭﻓﺪﻫﻢ ﻗﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻧﻜﻢ ﻻ ﺗﺪﺭﻭﻥ ﺃﻟﻴﻼﹰ ﺗﺆﺗﻮﻥ ﺃﻣﺎ ‪‬ﺎﺭﹰﺍ ﻭﺃﺩﻧﺎﻫﻢ ﻣﻨﻜﻢ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻡ ﻳﺄﻣﻠﻮﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻧﻘﺒﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻭﻧﻮﺍﺩﻋﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﺑﻴﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﺒـﺬﻧﺎ ﺇﻟـﻴﻬﻢ‬
‫ﻋﻬﺪﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻌﺪﻭﺍ ﻭﺃﻋﺪ‪‬ﻭﺍ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺆﺧﺮ ﻗﺘﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﻘﲔ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺗﺪﻳﻦ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻌﻮﺩ ﺟﻴﺶ ﺃﺳﺎﻣﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻟﺬﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻞ ﻭﻳﺒﻌﺚ ﺑﺂﺧﺮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﳌﻨـﺎﻓﻘﲔ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻳﺴﺘﻐﻠﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺻﺔ ﻭﻳﻬﺎﲨﻮﺍ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻋﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﳉﻴﺶ ﺍﻹِﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺑـﻼﺩ ﺍﻟـﺮﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺒـﻞ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻜﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻟﻘﻮ‪‬ﻢ‪ .‬ﻓﻠﻢ ﲤﺾ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻮﺩﺓ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺸـﻴﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺃﺳﺎﻣﺔ ﺣﱴ ﺩﺍﳘﺖ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻏﺎﺭﺓ ﻟﻴﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﻃﻤﺄﻥ ﺍﳌﻐﲑﻭﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳉﻴﺶ ﺍﻹِﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﻗﺪ ﺍﺑﺘﻌﺪ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﺃﻭﻏﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺪ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻭﺻﻠﺖ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﻮﺭﺓ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺧﻠﻔﺖ ﻭﺭﺍﺀﻫﺎ ﻗﻮ ﹰﺓ ﺭﺩﺀﹰﺍ ﳍـﺎ ﰲ )ﺫﻱ ﺣﺴـﻰ()‪،(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻃﺮﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻧﻘﺎﺏ ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺗﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺭﺍﺀﻫﻢ ﺃﻗﻮﺍﻡ ﺃﺷـﺒﻪ ﺑﺎﳌﺮﺍﺳـﻠﲔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺄﻭﺻﻠﻮﺍ ﺍﳋﱪ ﺇﱃ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺭﺳﻞ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺗﻠﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﻧﻘﺎﺏ ﺃﻥ ﺍﺛﺒﺘـﻮﺍ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺳﺎﺭ ﺑﺄﻫﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﻧﻘﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎ‪‬ﺰﻡ ﺍﳌﻐﲑﻭﻥ ﻭﻭﻟﻮﺍ ﺍﻷﺩﺑﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﳊﻘﻬﻢ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺇﺑﻠﻬﻢ ﺣﱴ )ﺫﻱ ﺣﺴﻰ(‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﺟﺪﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﺩﺀ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻧﻔﺨﻮﺍ ﺍﻻﳓﺎﺀ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﺭﺑﻄﻮﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﳉﺒﺎﻝ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺩﻫﺪﻫﻮﻫﺎ)‪ (٣‬ﺑﺄﺭﺟﻠﻬﻢ ﰲ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺇﺑﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻨﻔﺮﺕ ﺍﻹﺑﻞ ﻭﺭﺟﻌـﺖ ﺑﺎﳌﺴـﻠﻤﲔ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺭﺳﻞ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﻘﻮﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺇﺧﻮﺍ‪‬ﻢ ﰲ )ﺫﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺔ()‪ (٤‬ﺑﺎﳋﱪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺳﺮﻋﻮﺍ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻀـﺮ‬
‫ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻟﻴﻠﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺧﺮﺝ ﰲ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻴﻤﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ‪‬ﻣﻘﹶـﺮ‪‬ﻥ)‪ ،(٥‬ﻭﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻴﺴﺮﺓ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻘﺮﻥ)‪ ،(٦‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻗﺔ ﺳﻮﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻘﺮﻥ)‪ ،(٧‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﺼـﺒﺎﺡ ﱂ‬
‫ﻳﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﻘﻮﻥ ﺇﻻ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﻳﻌﺠﻠﻮﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻒ‪ .‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺿﺤﻮﺓ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ ﻭﻟﹼﻰ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﻘﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺩﺑﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺻﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﺇﱃ )ﺫﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﻙ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻘـﺮﻥ ﰲ‬
‫ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺟﻊ ﻫﻮ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
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‫)‪ (١‬ﺫﻱ ﺍﳊﹸﺴﻰ ‪ :‬ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻗﺮﺏ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻻﳓﺎﺀ ‪ :‬ﺿﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺩﻫﺪﻫﻮﻫﺎ ‪ :‬ﺩﻓﻌﻮﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺫﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺔ ‪ :‬ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻳﺒﻌﺪ ‪ ٣٥‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ﻣﺘﺮﹰﺍ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻘﺮﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﺋﺬ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ‪ ،‬ﺻﺤﺎﰊ ﻓﺎﺗﺢ‪ ،‬ﻣـﻦ ﺍﻷﻣـﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻘـﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻟﻮﺍﺀ ﻣﺰﻳﻨﺔ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻓﺘﺢ ﻣﻜﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﺸﻬﺪ ﻳﻮﻡ ‪‬ﺎﻭﻧﺪ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ٢١‬ﻫــ ‪ .‬ﻭﻟـﻪ‬
‫ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺇﺧﻮﺓ ﻛﻠﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻌﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻘﺮﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﺋﺬ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ ‪ :‬ﺃﺧﻮ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺳﻮﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻘﺮﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﺋﺬ ﺍﳌﺰﱐ ‪ :‬ﺃﺧﻮ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺎﺋﺬ‪ ،‬ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﻣﻊ ﺃﺳﺮﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﺷﻬﺪ ﻓﺘﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻀﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺳﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺪﺍﺋﻦ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﺗﻞ ﲢﺖ ﻟﻮﺍﺀ ﺃﺧﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻨﻬﺎﻭﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﺖ ﻟﻮﺍﺀ ﺃﺧﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻧﻌﻴﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻱ ﻭﳘﺪﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻗﺎﺩ ﻓﺘﺢ ﻃﱪﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻭﺟﺮﺟﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺳﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﻭﻣﺎﺕ ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔﻌﺖ ﻣﻌﻨﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺛﺒﺖ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﻮ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺎﺋﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻳﻨﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﺎﺀ ﻧﺼـﺮ‬
‫ﺁﺧﺮ ﺇﺫ ﻭﺻﻠﺖ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺃﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻗﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺟﻬﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺟـﺎﺀ ﺻـﻔﻮﺍﻥ ﺑـﻦ‬
‫ﺻﻔﻮﺍﻥ)‪ (١‬ﺑﺼﺪﻗﺎﺕ ﺑﲏ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺐ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺑـﻦ‬
‫ﺃﰊ ﻭﻗﺎﺹ)‪ .(٢‬ﻭﺟﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﺮﻗﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺑﺪﺭ)‪ (٣‬ﰲ ﻭﺳﻂ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﺑﺼﺪﻗﺎﺕ ﺑﲏ ﻋﻮﻑ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺐ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻮﻑ)‪ (٤‬ﻭﺟﺎﺀ ﻋﺪﻱ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺎﰎ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﻲ)‪ (٥‬ﰲ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺑﺼﺪﻗﺎﺕ ﻗﻮﻣﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺐ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ)‪ ،(٦‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺴﲑ‬
‫ﺟﻴﺶ ﺃﺳﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﺸﻬﺮﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﲔ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﺇﺫ ﱂ ﲤﺾ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺣـﱴ‬
‫ﺭﺟﻊ ﺟﻴﺶ ﺃﺳﺎﻣﺔ ﻏﺎﳕﹰﺎ ﻇﺎﻓﺮﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺃﺳﺎﻣﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻟـﻪ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﺭﳛﻮﺍ ﻭﺃﺭﳛﻮﺍ ﻇﻬﺮﻛﻢ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺧﺮﺝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺧﺮﺟﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ )ﺫﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺔ( ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻛـﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻧﻘﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ‪ :‬ﻧﻨﺸﺪﻙ ﺍﷲ ﻳﺎ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻥ ﺗﻌﺮﺽ ﻧﻔﺴﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻚ ﺇﻥ‬
‫ﻼ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺗﺼـﺐ ﺃﻣـﺮﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺐ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻨﺎﺱ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻘﺎﻣﻜﻢ ﺃﺷﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺑﻌﺚ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﺁﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﺰﻣﺎﻡ ﺭﺍﺣﻠﺔ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ‪ :‬ﺃﻗﻮﻝ ﻟﻚ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻚ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‬
‫ﻳﻮﻡ ﺃﺣﺪ ‪ :‬ﺷ ‪‬ﻢ)‪ (٧‬ﺳﻴﻔﻚ ﻭﻻ ﺗﻔﺠﻌﻨﺎ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺭﺟﻊ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﺍﷲ ﻟﺌﻦ ﺃﺻﺒﻨﺎ ﺑﻚ ﻻ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻺِﺳﻼﻡ ﺑﻌﺪﻙ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺃﺑﺪﹰﺍ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻻ ﺃﻓﻌﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻷﻭﺍﺳﻴﻨﻜﻢ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻲ‪ .‬ﻓﺨـﺮﺝ ﺇﱃ‬
‫)ﺫﻱ ﺍﳊﺴﻰ( ﻭ )ﺫﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺔ(‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻘﺮﻥ ﻭﺃﺧﻮﺍﻩ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‪،‬‬
‫ﰒ ﻧﺰﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﲟﻦ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺮﺑ‪‬ﺬﺓ ﺑﺎﻷﺑﺮﻕ ﻭﻗﺎﺗﻞ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﻘﲔ ﻭﻏﻠﺒﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﻟﹼﻮﺍ ﺍﻷﺩﺑﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺟـﻊ‬
‫ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﺻﺪﻗﺎﺕ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺎﺟﺎ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺟﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺃﺳﺎﻣﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺃﺧﺬﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺣﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﻘﺪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻟﻮﺍ ًﺀ ﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ ﺍ ﹸﳌﺮ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﺪﻳ‪‬ﻦ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺃﳓﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻢ ‪:‬‬
‫____________________‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺻﻔﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺻﻔﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺃﺳﻴﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲏ ﲤﻴﻢ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ  ﻗﺪ ﻭﻻﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺪﻗﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺑﲏ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻫﻢ ﻓﺮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲏ ﲤﻴﻢ‪.‬‬

‫
‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺳﻌﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻭﻗﺎﺹ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻫﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﺳﺤﺎﻕ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴـﻠﻤﲔ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﺋـﻞ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺒﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﳉﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺗﺢ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺳﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺪﺍﺋﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﺍﻹِﺳـﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃﺣـﺪ ﺭﺟـﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻋﺘﺰﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻮﰲ ﻗﺮﺏ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﰲ ﺧﻼﻓﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ٥٥‬ﻫـ ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻟﺰﺑﺮﻗﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺑﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻤﻲ ‪ :‬ﺻﺤﺎﰊ‪ ،‬ﺃﺣﺪ ﻭﺟﻬﺎﺀ ﻗﻮﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻﻩ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ  ﺻﺪﻗﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻗﻮﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻘﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺣﱴ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻒ ﺑﺼﺮﻩ ﰲ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻋـﺎﻡ‬
‫‪٤٥‬ﻫـ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺷﺎﻋﺮﹰﺍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻮﻑ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺷﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﳏﻤﺪ ‪ :‬ﺻﺤﺎﰊ ﺟﻠﻴـﻞ‪ ،‬ﻣـﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺸـﺮﺓ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﳉﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺣﺪ ﺭﺟﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﲔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻹِﺳﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﺷﻬﺪ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺗﺎﺟﺮﹰﺍ ﻣﺸﻬﻮﺭﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﰲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪٣٢‬ﻫـ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ ﺭﺿـﻲ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻋﺪﻱ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺎﰎ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﻃﺮﻳﻒ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻭﻫﺐ ‪ :‬ﺃﻣﲑ ‪ :‬ﺻـﺤﺎﰊ‪ ،‬ﺃﺳـﻠﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴـﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺳﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﺠﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﺷﻬﺪ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻀﺮ ﺍﳉﻤﻞ ﻭﺻﻔﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻬﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﻣﻊ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺭﺿـﻲ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻘﺌﺖ ﻋﻴﻨﻪ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺻﻔﲔ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ٦٨‬ﻫـ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﺍﳍﺬﱄ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ‪ :‬ﺻﺤﺎﰊ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﲔ ﻟﻺﺳـﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻭﻝ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺮ ﺑﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﲟﻜﺔ‪ ،‬ﺧﺪﻡ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺼﲑﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﰲ ﰲ ﺧﻼﻓـﺔ ﻋﺜﻤـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪٣٢‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ‪ :‬ﻭﻋﺎﺀ ﻣﻠﺊ ﻋﻠﻤﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺷﻢ ‪ :‬ﺍﻏﻤﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ)‪ : (١‬ﻭﺃﺭﺳﻠﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻃﻠﻴﺤﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺧﻮﻳﻠﺪ ﺍﻷﺳﺪﻱ)‪ !(٢‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻓﺮﻍ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺳـﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺑﻦ ﻧﻮﻳﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﲑﺑﻮﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻤﻲ)‪ (٣‬ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻄﺎﺡ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﻋﻜﺮﻣﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺟﻬﻞ)‪ : (٥‬ﻭﺃﺭﺳﻠﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺴﻴﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺬﺍﺏ ﺍﳊﻨﻔﻲ)‪ (٦‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﺎﻣﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺷﺮﺣﺒﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ‪‬ﺣﺴ‪‬ﻨﺔ)‪ : (٧‬ﻭﺃﺭﺳﻠﻪ ﺩﻋﻤﹰﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻜﺮﻣﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺟﻬﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﺎﻣﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺟﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﰊ ﺃﻣﻴﺔ)‪ : (٨‬ﻭﺑﻌﺜﻪ ﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ ﺃﺗﺒﺎﻉ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺴﻲ)‪ (٩‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻓـﺮﻍ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺣﻀﺮﻣﻮﺕ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ)‪ : (١٠‬ﻭﺳﲑﻩ ﺇﱃ ﻗﺒﻴﻠﺔ ﻗﻀﺎﻋﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻝ‪.‬‬

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 ‫‪ -٦‬ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ)‪ : (١١‬ﻭﻭﺟﻬﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٧‬ﺣﺬﻳﻔﺔ ﺑﻦ ﳏﺼﻦ ‪ :‬ﻭﺃﻣﺮﻩ ﺑﺎﳊﺮﻛﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺩ‪‬ﺑﺎ‪.‬‬
‫___________________‬
‫)‪(١‬ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻐﲑﺓ ﺍﳌﺨﺰﻭﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﻒ ﺍﷲ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﰊ ﺍﳉﻠﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﺃﺷﺮﺍﻑ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻠﻲ ﺃﻋﻨﺔ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪٧‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻭﻻﻩ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﺍﺷﺘﻬﺮ ﲝﺮﻭﺑﻪ ﺿﺪ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻮﺡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﰒ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﰲ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪٢١‬‬
‫ﻫـ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﲝﻤﺺ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻃﻠﻴﺤﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺧﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻷﺳﺪﻱ ﺍﺭﺗﺪ ‪ :‬ﰒ ﻋﺎﺩ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻹِﺳﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻳﻊ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﺭﺿـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺟﻊ ﻃﻠﻴﺤﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻗﻮﻣﻪ ﻭﺑﻘﻲ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺣﱴ ﺧﺮﺝ ﳎﺎﻫﺪﹰﺍ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﺑﻠﻰ ﺑﻼﺀ ﺣﺴﻨﹰﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻮﺣﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺑﻦ ﻧﻮﻳﺮﺓ ﺑﻦ ﲨﺮﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺷﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﲑﺑﻮﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﻨﻈﻠﺔ ‪ :‬ﻓـﺎﺭﺱ ﺷـﺎﻋﺮ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﺳﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﻻﻩ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﺪﻗﺎﺕ ﻗﻮﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﺪ ﻭﻓﺎﺓ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺍﺿﻄﺮﺏ ﺃﻣﺮﻩ ﻭﻓﺮﻕ ﻣﺎ ﲨﻊ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺻﺪﻗﺎﺕ ﰲ ﻗﻮﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﺍﺭﺗﺪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺘﻠﻪ ﺿﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻷﺯﻭﺭ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺣﺮﻭﺏ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺪﻳﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﺡ ‪ :‬ﻣﱰﻝ ﻟﺒﲏ ﻳﺮﺑﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﻣﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺩﻳﺎﺭ ﺑﲏ ﺃﺳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺧﺰﳝﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻘﻊ ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺔ ﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﻭﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﻬﺔ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻨﻮﺏ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻋﻜﺮﻣﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺟﻬﻞ ﺍﳌﺨﺰﻭﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺻﻨﺎﺩﻳﺪ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﺑﻌـﺪ‬
‫ﻓﺘﺢ ﻣﻜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺴﻦ ﺇﺳﻼﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺃﺱ ﻛﺮﺩﻭﺱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﲑﻣﻮﻙ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺸﻬﺪ ﻳﻮﻣﺬﺍﻙ ﻋـﺎﻡ‬
‫‪ ١٣‬ﻫـ‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻣﺴﻴﻠﻤﺔ ﺑﻦ ﲦﺎﻣﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻛﺒﲑ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﻴﺐ ﺍﳊﻨﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﲤﺎﻣﺔ ‪ :‬ﻣﺘﻨﺒﺊ ﻛﺬﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟـﺪ ﻭﻧﺸـﺄ‬
‫ﻼ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻤﺎﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺑﻠﺪﺓ ﺍﳉﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺣﱴ ﺍﻵﻥ ﰲ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﴰﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ ﺑـﺄﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻛـﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﻋﺮﻑ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ ﺑﺮﲪﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻇﻬﺮ ﺍﻹِﺳﻼﻡ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺯ ﺟﺎﺀ ﻣﻊ ﻭﻓﺪ ﺑﲏ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ‬
‫ﻗﻮﻡ ﺇﱃ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ  ﺑﺎﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﻧﻪ ﲣﻠﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﳌـﺎ ﺭﺟﻌـﻮﺍ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺗﺐ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺸﺎﺭﻛﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﳍﻢ ﻧﺼـﻒ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﻟﻘـﺮﻳﺶ‬

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‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻒ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻇﻬﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻗﺮﻳﺸﹰﺎ ﻗﻮﻡ ﻳﻌﺘﺪﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻘﻞ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ  ﻭﱂ ﻳﻘﺾ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺘﻨـﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺴﻴﻠﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﻟﻪ ﺍﳉﻴﻮﺵ ﻓﻘﻀـﺖ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ ﻋـﺎﻡ ‪ ١١‬ﻫــ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺸﻬﺪ ﰲ ﻗﺘﺎﻟﻪ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻛﺒﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺷﺮﺣﺒﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻨﺪﻱ ﺣﻠﻴﻒ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻫﺮﺓ ‪ :‬ﺻﺤﺎﰊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﲟﻜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺎﺟﺮ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﺒﺸﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻭﻓﺪﻩ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺼﺮ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﺩ ﺟﻴﺸﹰﺎ ﻟﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻋﺰﻟﻪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﻭﱃ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳـﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻮﰲ ﺑﻄﺎﻋﻮﻥ ﻋﻤﻮﺍﺱ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ١٨‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺴﻨﺔ ﺃﻣﻪ ﺃﻣﺎ ﺃﺑﻮﻩ ﻓﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺟﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺃﻣﻴﺔ ‪ :‬ﺻﺤﺎﰊ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺭﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺷﻬﺪ ﺑﺪﺭﹰﺍ ﻣـﻊ ﺍﳌﺸـﺮﻛﲔ‪،‬ﰒ‬
‫ﺃﺳﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺧﺘﻪ ﻫﻲ ﺃﻡ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺃﻡ ﺳﻠﻤﺔ ﻫﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﲣﻠﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺗﺒﻮﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻﻩ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺪﻗﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻛﻨﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃﺭﺳﻠﻪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻦ ﻭﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﲑ ﺗﻮﰲ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﺃﺭﺳﻠﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺑﻘﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺪﻳﻦ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻮﱃ ﺇﻣﺮﺓ ﺻﻨﻌﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺴﻲ ‪ :‬ﻋﻴﻬﻠﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻛﻌﺐ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻮﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺴﻲ ﺍﳌﺬﺣﺠﻲ ‪ :‬ﻣﺘﻨﺒﺊ ﻛﺬﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﺃﺳﻠﻢ‬
‫ﳌﺎ ﺃﺳﻠﻤﺖ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺭﺗﺪ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺭﺗﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻹِﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺭﺳـﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺩﻋـﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻏﺘﻴﻞ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻭﻓﺎﺕ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺑﺸﻬﺮ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﺑﻦ ﻭﺍﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺷﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ‪ :‬ﺃﺣﺪ ﻗﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓـﺎﺗﺢ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﻱ ﻭﺍﳊﺰﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻﻩ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺇﻣﺮﺓ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺳﻞ‪ ،‬ﰒ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋ‪‬ﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﺢ ﻗﻨﺴﺮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﺎﱀ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺣﻠﺐ ﻭﻣﺒﺞ ﻭﺇﻧﻄﺎﻛﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﱃ ﺃﻣﺮ ﻓﻠﺴﻄﲔ‪،‬‬
‫ﰒ ﻣﺼﺮ‪ ،‬ﻋﺰﻟﻪ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺼﺮ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻋﺎﺩ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ٣٨‬ﺑـﺄﻣﺮ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻮﰲ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺴﻄﺎﻁ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ٤٣‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻣﻴﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﴰﺲ ‪ :‬ﺻﺤﺎﰊ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺓ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻫـﺪﻳﻦ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﰲ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻟﻘﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪ ﰲ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺩﻳﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻫﺎﺟﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﺒﺸﺔ‪ ،‬ﺷﻬﺪ ﻓـﺘﺢ‬
‫ﻣﻜﺔ ﻭﺗﺒﻮﻙ‪ ،‬ﺃﺭﺳﻠﻪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻮﰲ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺳﺘﺪﻋﺎﻩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺠـﺎﺀﻩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺧﺮﺝ ﳎﺎﻫﺪﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﺷﻬﺪ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺃﺟﻨﺎﺩﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺸﻬﺪ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺮ ﻗﺮﺏ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ١٣‬ﻫـ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٨‬ﻋﺮﻓﺠﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻫﺮﲦﺔ)‪ : (١‬ﻭﺳﻴ‪‬ﺮﻩ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻬﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺮﻩ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻠﺘﻘﻲ ﻣﻊ ﺣﺬﻳﻔﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٩‬ﻃﺮﻳﻔﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺎﺟﺰ ‪ :‬ﻭﻭﺟﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺑﲏ ﺳ‪‬ﻠﻴﻢ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻫﻮﺍﺯﻥ‪.‬‬

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 ‫‪ -١٠‬ﺳﻮﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ‪‬ﻣﻘﹶﺮﻥ ‪ :‬ﺑﻌﺜﻪ ﺇﱃ ‪‬ﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻦ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١١‬ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺀ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﻀﺮﻣﻲ)‪ : (٢‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﲡﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻼﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻦ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﹸﺳﺲ ﻗﺘﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺪﻳﻦ ‪ :‬ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ )ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘـﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻹﺳـﻼﻣﻲ ﺹ‬
‫‪.(٢٢٣‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻗﺎﺗﻞ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﻋﺒﺲ ﻭﺫﺑﻴﺎﻥ )ﺑﺎﻷﺑﺮﻕ( ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺽ )ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺮﺑ‪‬ﺬﺓ( ﻭﻫﺰﻣﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﺍﲡـﻪ‬
‫ﻗﺴﻢ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺇﱃ )ﺍﻟﺒﺰﺍﺧﺔ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﺎﺀ ﻟﺒﲏ ﺃﺳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻃﻠﻴﺤﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺧﻮﻳﻠﺪ ﺍﻷﺳـﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤـﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻘﺪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻷﻟﻮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻃﻠﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﲑ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺭﺽ ﻃﻲﺀ ﻟﺘﻨﺨـﺬﻝ ﻃـﻲﺀ ﻭﻋـﺒﺲ‬
‫ﻭﺫﺑﻴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻇﻬﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺳﻴﺘﺠﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺧﻴﱪ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺳﲑﻓﺪ ﺧﺎﻟﺪﹰﺍ ﰲ ﺑﻼﺩ ﻃﻲﺀ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻼﺩ ﻃﻲﺀ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻋﺪﻱ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻃﻠﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺃﻥ ﳝﻬﻠﻪ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻟﻴﻜﺴﺐ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻗﻮﻣﻪ ﻓﻔﻌﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺑﻼﺩ ﻃﻲﺀ‪ ،‬ﻧﺰﻝ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺇﱃ )ﺑ‪‬ﺰﺍﺧﺔ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺘﻠﺖ ﻃﻠﻴﻌﺘﻪ )ﻋﻜﺎﺷﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻦ ﳏﺼﻦ()‪) (٣‬ﻭﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻗﺮﻡ(‪ ،‬ﻭﳌﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻰ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ ﻫﺰﻡ )ﻋﻴﻴﻨﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺼﻦ()‪ (٤‬ﻣﻊ ﻗﻮﻣـﻪ‬
‫ﻓﺰﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻧﻔﺼﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ﻃﻠﻴﺤﺔ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﳓﻮ ﺑﻼﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻃﻠﻴﺤﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺍﺭﺗﺪ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ  ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻞ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺿﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻷﺯﻭﺭ)‪ ،(٥‬ﻓﱰﻝ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺪﻭﻥ ﰲ )ﲰﲑﺍﺀ( ﻭﺑﺪﺃ ﻋـﺪﺩﻫﻢ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻨﺎﻗﺺ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺗﻮﰲ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺰﺍﺩ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻧﻀﻤﺖ ﻏﻄﻔﺎﻥ ﺑﺈﻣﺮﺓ‬
‫ﻋﻴﻴﻨﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺼﻦ ﺇﱃ ﺑﲏ ﺃﺳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻗﺪ ﺧﺎﻟﻔﻮﺍ ﻃﻴﺌﹰﺎ )ﻋﻮﻑ ﻭﺟﺪﻳﻠـﺔ ﻭﻏـﻮﺙ(‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤـﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻧﻀﻤﺖ ﻏﻄﻔﺎﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺳﺪ ﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ﺿﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻷﺯﻭﺭ ﺑﺒﻌﺾ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻔﻀﺖ ﲨﻮﻋﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﻭﻫﺰﻡ ﺃﻋﺪﺍﺀﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺰﺍﺧﺔ ﺃﺳﻠﻤﺖ ﺃﺳﺪ ﻭﻋﺎﻣﺮ ﻭﻏﻄﻔﺎﻥ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﻌـﺪ ﺍﻧﺘـﻬﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲏ ﺃﺳﺪ ﻭﺃﺣﻼﻓﻬﻢ ﺍﲡﻪ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺑﲏ ﻳﺮﺑﻮﻉ ﰲ ﲤﻴﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﺡ ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺑﻦ ﻧﻮﻳﺮﺓ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳋﻼﻑ ﰲ ﺑﲏ ﲤﻴﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺷﺪﻩ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺟﺎﺀ‪‬ﻢ ﺳﺠﺎﺡ)‪ (٦‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺮﺓ‬
‫ﺑﺒﲏ ﺗﻐﻠﺐ ﻓﺪﺧﻠﺖ ﺑﻼﺩﻫﻢ‬
‫____________________________‪--‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻋﺮﻓﺠﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻫﺮﲦﺔ ﺍﻷﺯﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﺗﻞ ﲢﺖ ﺇﻣﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺀ ﺑـﻦ ﺍﳊﻀـﺮﻣﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻮﺟﻬﻪ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﻓﻔﺘﺢ ﺟﺰﻳﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺳﺎﺭ ﻣﺪﺩﹰﺍ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺘﺒﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻏﺰﻭﺍﻥ ﺣﲔ ﻏﺰﺍ )ﺍﻷﺑﻠﺔ( ﰒ‬
‫ﺻﺎﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻞ ﻭﺗﻮﰲ ﰲ ﺧﻼﻓﺔ ﻋﻤﺮ ﰲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ٢٠‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬

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‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺀ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﻀﺮﻣﻲ ‪ :‬ﺃﺻﻠﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻀﺮﻣﻮﺕ‪ ،‬ﺳﻜﻦ ﺃﺑﻮﻩ ﻣﻜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﻟﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺀ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﺸﺄ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻗﺎﺕ ﻓﻴﻬـﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ ﺭﺑﻮﻋﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﻫﺎﺟﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻﻩ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻌﻠﻪ ﻋﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻗﺮﻩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻌﺪ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﺭﻛﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﻟﻠﻐﺰﻭ‪ ،‬ﻣـﺎﺕ ﰲ ﻃﺮﻳﻘـﻪ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪٢١‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻋﻜﺎﺷﺔ ﺑﻦ ﳏﺼﻦ ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺑﲏ ﺃﺳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺻﺤﺎﰊ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﺍﻳﺎ‪ ،‬ﻳﻌﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨـﺔ ﺇﺫ‬
‫ﺇﻧﻪ ﺣﻠﻴﻒ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ ﻣﻊ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺟﺮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺷﻬﺪ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﻣﻊ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻗﺘـﻞ ﰲ ﺣـﺮﻭﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻃﻠﻴﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻋﻴﻴﻨﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺼﻦ ‪ :‬ﺳﻴﺪ ﻓﺰﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﺗﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺃﻣﲑﹰﺍ ﻟﻘﻮﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺆﻟﻔـﺔ‬
‫ﻗﻠﻮ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻊ ﻃﻠﻴﺤﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺪﻱ ﻣﺮﺗﺪﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺳﺮ ﻭﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﻮﺛﻮﻗﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺿﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻷﺯﻭﺭ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻭﺱ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺑﲏ ﺃﺳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻷﺑﻄﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹِﺳﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﺻﺤﺎﰊ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺗﻞ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﺷﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﲑﻣﻮﻙ ﻭﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻄﻌﺖ ﺳﺎﻗﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻮﰲ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﺑﺄﻳﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺳﺠﺎﺡ ﺑﻨﺖ ﺍﳊﺎﺭﺙ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻮﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻏﻄﻔﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲏ ﲤﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﻉ ﺑﲏ ﻳﺮﺑﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﺃﻡ ﺻـﺎﺩﺭ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﻨﺒﺌﺔ ﻛﺬﺍﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﰲ ﺑﲏ ﺗﻐﻠﺐ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﺘﺼﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﺷﺎﻋﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﻓﺘﺒﻌﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻨﻮ ﲤﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺎﺭﺕ ‪‬ﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺑﲏ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﺘﻘﺖ ﲟﺴﻴﻠﻤﺔ ﻭﺗﺰﻭﺟﺖ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺭﺟﻌﺖ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺮﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺳﻠﻤﺖ =‬
‫ﻓﻮﺍﺩﻋﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺍﺩﻋﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﻬﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺮ‪ .‬ﻭﺳﺎﺭﺕ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﺎﻣﺔ ﻓﻜـﺎﻥ ﺃﻣـﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺴﻴﻠﻤﺔ ﻗﺪ ﻗﻮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻓﺨﺎﻓﻬﺎ ﻣﺴﻴﻠﻤﺔ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﺄﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻣﻨﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺰﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﻭﺑﻘﻴﺖ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻳـﺎﻡ ﰒ‬
‫ﺭﺟﻌﺖ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺭﺽ ﻗﻮﻣﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻨﺒﺄﺕ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺴﻴﻠﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺎﺭ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﻬﺎﺀ ﺑﲏ‬
‫ﲤﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻗﺪ ﺻﺎﳊﺖ ﻣﺴﻴﻠﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺼﻒ ﻏﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﺎﻣـﺔ ‪ ...‬ﻭﻋﻨـﺪﻣﺎ ﻋـﺎﺩﺕ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﻭﺟﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﺃﺳﻠﻤﺖ ﻭﺣﺴﻦ ﺇﺳﻼﻣﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﳌﺎ ﻋﺎﺩﺕ ﺳﺠﺎﺡ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﲢﲑ ﺑﻨﻮ ﲤﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﺩﻋﻮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﺪﻣﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻨـﻬﻢ‪،‬‬
‫ﻼ ﺣﱴ ﻭﺻﻠﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﺟﻴﻮﺵ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺟﻲﺀ ﺑﺮﺅﺳـﺎﺋﻬﻢ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻭﱂ ﻳﻠﺒﺜﻮﺍ ﻃﻮﻳ ﹰ‬
‫ﺧﺎﻟﺪ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﺩﳍﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺷﻬﺪ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﲏ ﻳﺮﺑﻮﻉ ﺃ‪‬ﻢ ﱂ ﻳﺆﺫﻧﻮﺍ ﻓﻘﺘﻠﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺘﻞ ﺿﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻷﺯﻭﺭ‬

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‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﻠﻴﻌﺔ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺑﻦ ﻧﻮﻳﺮﺓ ‪ ...‬ﻭﺣﺪﺛﺖ ﺧﻼﻓﺎﺕ ﰲ ﻗﺘﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﺰﻭﺝ ﺧﺎﻟـﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ ﺃﻡ ﲤﻴﻢ ﺍﺑﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻧﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻋﺪ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺳﺎﺭ ﻋﻜﺮﻣﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺟﻬﻞ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺴﻴﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺬﺍﺏ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺒﻌﻪ ﺷﺮﺣﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺴـﻨﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﱂ ﻳﺪﺭﻛﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻜﺮﻣﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺃﺳﺮﻉ ﻓﻬﺰﻣﺘﻪ ﲨﻮﻉ ﺑﲏ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﻓﺒﻘﻲ ﺷﺮﺣﺒﻴﻞ ﻳﻨﺘﻈـﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺪﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﺎﺀ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻟﻌﻜﺮﻣﺔ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻓﺮﻍ ﺳﺎﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺣﺬﻳﻔﺔ ﺑـﻦ ﳏﺼـﻦ‬
‫ﻭﻋﺮﻓﺠﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻫﺮﲦﺔ ﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺪﻳﻦ ﰲ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻠﺘﻘﻮﺍ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺟﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺃﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻗﺪ ﻓﺮﻍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻦ ﻭﺳﺎﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺣﻀﺮﻣﻮﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﻗﺪ ﻋﺎﺩ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻰ ﺑﺄﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻋﺘـﺬﺭ‬
‫ﻷﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻓﺮﺿﻲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺭﺳﻠﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺴﻴﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺬﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﺎﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﺡ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻰ ﲜﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﻨـﺎﻙ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻈﺮ ﺣﱴ ﺟﺎﺀﻩ ﺍﳌﺪﺩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻡ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺴﻴﻠﻤﺔ ‪ ...‬ﻭﳌﺎ ﻭﺻﻞ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺷﺮﺣﺒﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺴﻨﺔ ﻗﺪ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ ﰲ ﻗﺘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻡ ﻓﻬﺰﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪﻩ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺑﲏ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﺑﺈﻣﺮﺓ ﲦﺎﻣﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺃﺛﺎﻝ)‪ (١‬ﺭﺿـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼﻡ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺷﺮﺣﺒﻴﻞ ﰲ ﺗﺴﺮﻋﻪ ‪ :‬ﻭﻋﺴﻜﺮ ﻣﺴﻴﻠﻤﺔ ﰲ ﺑﲏ ﺣﻨﻴﻔـﺔ ﰲ ﻋﻘﺮﺑـﺎﺀ ﰲ‬
‫ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ‪ -‬ﻭﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﳉﺒﻴﻠﺔ ‪ -‬ﻭﺳﻠﻚ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺛﻨﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺟﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﺎﻣﺔ )ﻃﻮﻳـﻖ(‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍ‪‬ﻨﺒﺘﲔ ﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ)‪ (٢‬ﺃﺧﻮ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺬﻳﻔﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺘﺒﺔ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧـﺖ ﺭﺍﻳـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺟﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻊ ﺳﺎﱂ ﻣﻮﱃ ﺃﰊ ﺣﺬﻳﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ ﻣﻊ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﻦ ﻗﻴﺲ ﺑﻦ =‬
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‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻘﺘﻞ ﻣﺴﻠﻴﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ ﻭﺗﻮﻓﻴﺖ ﰲ ﺧﻼﻓﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨـﻪ ﻋـﺎﻡ ‪٥٥‬‬
‫ﻫـ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﱄ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ ﲰﺮﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺟﻨﺪﺏ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﲦﺎﻣﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺃﺛﺎﻝ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﺎﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺑﲏ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺃﻣﺎﻣﺔ ‪ :‬ﺻﺤﺎﰊ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺳـﺎﺩﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻴﻤﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺮ ﺑﻴﺪ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻪ ﻟﺰﻳﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﺃﻃﻠﻖ ﺳﺮﺍﺣﻪ ﺑـﺄﻣﺮ ﺭﺳـﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻥ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﳌﺎ ﺍﺭﺗﺪ ﺑﻨﻮ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﺛﺒﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺳﻼﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﺗﻞ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺪﻳﻦ ﲜﺎﻧـﺐ‬
‫ﻋﻜﺮﻣﺔ ﻭﺷﺮﺣﺒﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺳﲑﻩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﻘﺎﺗﻞ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺪﻳﻦ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﲢﺖ ﺇﻣﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺀ ﺑﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻀﺮﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺸﻬﺪ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‪.‬‬

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‫)‪ (٢‬ﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﺑﻦ ﻧﻔﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺷﻲ ‪ :‬ﺃﺧﻮ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ‪،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺳﻦ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺒﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﺻﺤﺎﰊ‪ ،‬ﻳﻌﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺠﻌﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹِﺳﻼﻡ ﻛﺎﻧـﺖ ﺭﺍﻳـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺑﻴﺪﻩ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺛﺒﺖ ﻳﻮﻣﺬﺍﻙ ﺣﱴ ﺍﺳﺘﺸﻬﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﱪﻩ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﺬﻳﻔﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺘﺒﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﴰﺲ ‪ :‬ﺻﺤﺎﰊ‪ ،‬ﻫﺎﺟﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﺒﺸﺔ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺷـﻬﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺪﺭﹰﺍ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺃﺑﻮﻩ ﻭﻋﻤﻪ ﻭﺃﺧﻮﻩ ﻛﻔﺎﺭﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻀﺮ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺸـﻬﺪ‬
‫ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﺎﻣﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﴰﺎﺱ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺿﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻷﺯﻭﺭ ﻗﺪ ﺳﺎﺭ ﰲ ﻗﺴﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻨﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻨﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﺰﻟﻮﺍ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ)ﻣﻠﻬﻢ()‪ (٢‬ﺇﱃ ﻋﻘﺮﺑﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﺮﺕ ﻣﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﺣﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻴﺲ ﺗﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺃﻭﳍـﺎ‬
‫ﺣﱴ ﺩﺧﻞ ﺑﻨﻮ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﰲ ﻓﺴﻄﺎﻃﻪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﲪﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﲪﻠﺔ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺃﺯﺍﻟـﺖ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺪﻳﻦ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻌﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺟﱪﺕ ﻣﺴﻴﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﺘﺠﺎﺀ ﺇﱃ ﺣﺪﻳﻘﺔ ﻋﺮﻓﺖ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ﺣﺪﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﳌـﻮﺕ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺻﺮﻉ ﻣﺴﻴﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺬﺍﺏ ﻭﻋﺪﺩ ﻛﺒﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻨﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺸﻬﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻋـﺪﺩ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀ ﻭﻭﺟﻬﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﻭﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﻦ ﻗﻴﺲ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ ﻛﺜﲑ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ﻇﻬﺮ ﻟﻘﻴﻂ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺍﻷﺯﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺿﻄﺮ ﺟﻴﻔﺮ ﻭﻋﺒﺎﺩ ﺍﻹﻟﺘﺠـﺎﺀ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺒﺎﻝ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﺟﻴﻔﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﻳﺴﺘﻨﺠﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺒﻌﺚ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ‬
‫ﺣﺬﻳﻔﺔ ﺑﻦ ﳏﺼﻦ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﻋﺮﻓﺠﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻫﺮﲦﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻬﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻭﺻﺎﳘﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻴـﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﺘـﺪﺋﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻌﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻗﺘﺮﺑﺎ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺭﺍﺳﻼ ﺟﻴﻔﺮﺍ ﻭﻋﺒﺎﺩﺍ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺃﺗﺒﻌﻬﻤﺎ ﺑﻌﻜﺮﻣﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺟﻬﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬
‫ﻭﺟﻬﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻫﺰﻡ ﻃﻠﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﲑ ﲟﻦ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﲡﻪ ﻋﻜﺮﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺃﺛﺮ ﺣﺬﻳﻔﺔ ﻭﻋﺮﻓﺠﺔ ﻓﺄﺩﺭﻛﻬﻤﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻨـﺎﻙ ﺭﺍﺳـﻠﻮﺍ‬
‫ﺟﻴﻔﺮﺍ ﻭﻋﺒﺎﺩﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺴﻜﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺻﺤﺎﺭ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﲡﻤﻌﺖ ﲨﻮﻉ ﻟﻘﻴﻂ ﰲ ﺩﺑﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟـﺮﺕ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻓﲔ ﻛﺎﺩ ﻳﻨﺠﺢ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻟﻘﻴﻂ ﻟﻮﻻ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﺻـﻠﺖ ﻟﻠﻤﺴـﻠﻤﲔ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻧﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺰﻡ ﻟﻘﻴﻂ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻮﱃ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﻨﺎﺋﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺭﺳﻠﻮﺍ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻤﺲ ﻣﻊ ﻋﺮﻓﺠﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻘﻲ ﺣﺬﻳﻔﺔ ﻳﺪﻳﺮ ﺷﺆﻭﻥ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺎﺭ ﻋﻜﺮﻣـﺔ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﻣﻬﺮﺓ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻡ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﺪ ﺍﺭﺗﺪﻭﺍ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻔﻮﺍ ﻓﻘﺴﻢ ﻣﻨـﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴـﻮﺍﺣﻞ ﻣـﻊ‬
‫)ﺷﺨﺮﻳﺖ( ﻭﻫﻢ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻋﺪﺩﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺪﺃ ‪‬ﻢ ﻋﻜﺮﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺪﻋﺎﻫﻢ ﻟﻺِﺳﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﺍﻓﻘﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻣـﺮ ﺍﻟـﺬﻱ‬

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‫ﺃﺿﻌﻒ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﻔﻌﺔ ﻣﻊ )ﺍﳌﺼﺒﺢ(‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺰﻣﻮﺍ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺴـﻠﻤﲔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﺯﻭﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﻨﺎﺋﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺭﺳﻞ ﻋﻜﺮﻣﺔ ﺍﳋﻤﺲ ﻣﻊ )ﺷﺨﺮﻳﺖ( ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﻮﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻦ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺓ ﻛ ﹲﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺰﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﺩﻋﻰ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﺓ ﺍﻷﺳـﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﻟﻪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ  ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺣﱴ ﻣـﺎﺕ ﻭﻫـﺪﺃﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻤﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﻞ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ  ﺍﻧﺘﻘﻀﺖ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﺘﺠﺄ ﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻓﻀـﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺇﻻ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺰﻡ)‪ (٤‬ﻭﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﻓﺈ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻋﺎﺩﺍ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺻﻞ ﺍﳋﱪ ﺇﱃ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻓﺤﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﺳـﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺘـﺐ‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫_______________________‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﻦ ﻗﻴﺲ ﺑﻦ ﴰﺎﺱ ﺍﳋﺰﺭﺟﻲ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭﻱ ‪ :‬ﺻﺤﺎﰊ‪ ،‬ﺧﻄﻴﺐ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ،‬ﺷﻬﺪ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺭﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ ﺑﻴﺪﻩ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺸﻬﺪ ﻳﻮﻣﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻣﻠﻬﻢ ‪ :‬ﻗﺮﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﺰﺍﻝ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻓﺔ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻮﻣﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﻘﻊ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸـﻤﺎﻝ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺳﺘﲔ ﻛﻠﻢ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺻﺤﺎﺭ ‪ :‬ﻗﺼﺒﺔ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ﳑﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﺍﳉﺒﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻃﻴﺒﺔ ﺍﳍﻮﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﳋﲑﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻮﺍﻛـﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺒﻨﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻵﺟﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺎﺝ‪ ،‬ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﺰﺍﻝ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻵﻥ ﺑﲔ ﻣﺴـﻘﻂ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺠﲑﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺰﻡ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻟﻮﺫﺍﻥ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻀﺤﺎﻙ ‪ :‬ﺻﺤﺎﰊ‪ ،‬ﺷﻬﺪ ﺍﳋﻨـﺪﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﻠﻪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳒﺮﺍﻥ ﻭﺗﻮﰲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ٥٣‬ﻫـ ‪ ..‬ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻔﻌﻞ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ  ‪ -‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺭﺟﻊ ﺟﻴﺶ ﺃﺳﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻏﺰﻭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻘﺪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨـﻪ‬
‫ﺏ ﺑﻦ ﺃﺳﻴﺪ()‪ (١‬ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻜﺔ ﺃﺧﺎﻩ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﺳـﻴﺪ)‪ (٢‬ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺮﺗـﺪﻳﻦ ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻟﻮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﺚ ) ‪‬ﻋﺘ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺎﻣﺔ ﻓﻐﻠﺒﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻌﺚ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﻒ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺭﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺷﻨﻮﺀﺓ ﻓﻘﻬﺮﻫﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﲢﺮﻙ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺑﺘﻬﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻦ ﺍﻷﺧﺒﺎﺙ ﻣﻦ )ﻋﻚ( ﻭ )ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺮﻳﲔ( ﻓﺴﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻫﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ‬
‫ﻫﺎﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺧﱪ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻧﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻫﺮ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﻞ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻭﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺟﺮﻳﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺒﺠﻠﻲ ﺇﱃ )ﲜﻴﻠﺔ( ﻭ )ﺧﺜﻌﻢ( ﻓﺎﻧﺘﺼﺮ ﻋﻠـﻴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻗـﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺑﻨﺠﺮﺍﻥ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺃﻭﺍﻣﺮ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﹰﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻃﺎﻫﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺎﻟﺔ ﻳﺄﻣﺮﻩ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻳﺴﲑ ﺇﱃ ﺻﻨﻌﺎﺀ ﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺛﻮﺭ ﺃﻥ ﳚﻤﻊ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺠﺎﺏ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫـﻞ ‪‬ﺎﻣـﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻨﺘﻈـﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺟﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺃﻣﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﺎﺭ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﻜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺸﻰ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻪ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﺳﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﺋﻒ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺸﻰ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺍﻧﻀﻢ ﺇﻟﻴـﻪ‬
‫ﺟﺮﻳﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺒﺠﻠﻲ ﺑﺒﺎﻟﺴﺮﺍﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺛﻮﺭ ﺑﺘﻬﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺍﻧﻀﻢ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻣـﻦ ﳒـﺮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻓﺮﻭﺓ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻴﻚ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻓﺄﻭﺛﻖ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺟﺮ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﺪ ﻳﻜﺮﺏ)‪ ،(٥‬ﻭﻗﻴﺲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒـﺪ ﻳﻐـﻮﺙ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻜﺸﻮﺡ ﻭﳘﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺭﺳﻠﻬﻤﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻭﺻـﻞ ﺍﳌﻬـﺎﺟﺮ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺻﻨﻌﺎﺀ ﻭﺩﺧﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻﺣﻖ ﺷﺬﺍﺫ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻫﺮﺑﻮﺍ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﺭﺗﺪﺕ ﺣﻀﺮﻣﻮﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ  ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ )ﻋﻜﺎﺷﺔ ﺑﻦ ﳏﺼﻦ( ﻭ )ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺑـﻦ‬
‫ﻟﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺿﻲ( ﰒ ﺍﺭﺳﻞ ﺍﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺟﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺃﻣﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻨﻄﻠﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺣـﱴ ﺗـﻮﰲ‬
‫ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ  ﻓﺴﻴ‪‬ﺮﻩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﺍﳉﺪﻳـﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﺻـﻞ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺻﻨﻌﺎﺀ ﻭﺩﺧﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻳﻨﺘﻈﺮﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﱄ ﺣﻀﺮﻣﻮﺕ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﺳﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺟﺮ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺣﻀﺮﻣﻮﺕ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺳﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻜﺮﻣﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺟﻬﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﺘﻘﻴﺎ ﰲ ﻣﺄﺭﺏ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻗﺘﺤﻤﺎ ﺣﻀـﺮﻣﻮﺕ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺭﺳﻞ‬
‫_________________‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺰﻡ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻟﻮﺫﺍﻥ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻀﺤﺎﻙ ‪ :‬ﺻﺤﺎﰊ‪ ،‬ﺷﻬﺪ ﺍﳋﻨـﺪﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﻠﻪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳒﺮﺍﻥ ﻭﺗﻮﰲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ٥٣‬ﻫـ‪ .‬ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺭﺿـﻲ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻋﺘﺎﺏ ﺑﻦ ﺃﺳﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺾ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻣﻴﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﴰﺲ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﻮﻱ ﻗﺮﺷﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻜﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‪ .‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺷﺠﺎﻋﹰﺎ ﻋﺎﻗﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﺷﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﰲ ﺻﺪﺭ ﺍﻹِﺳﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﻳﻮﻡ‬

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‫ﻓﺘﺢ ﻣﻜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﻠﻪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﳐﺮﺟﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺣﻨﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺮﻩ ‪ ٢١‬ﻋﺎﻣﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻘﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻗﺮﻩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﺳﻴﺪ ‪ :‬ﺃﺧﻮ ﻋﺘﺎﺏ ﺑﻦ ﺃﺳﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺭﻳﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻓﺮﻭﺓ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻴﻚ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺎﺭﺙ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﻄﻴﻔﻲ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﻭﺃﺳﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻌﻤﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺮﺍﺩ ﻭﻣﺬﺣﺞ ﻭﺯﺑﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﺗﻞ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﻭﻓﺎﺓ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﰲ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ٣٠‬ﻫـ ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﺪ ﻳﻜﺮﺏ ﺑﻦ ﺭﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﻴﺪﻱ ‪ :‬ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺳـﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﷲ ﰲ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺯﺑﻴﺪ ﻓﺄﺳﻠﻤﻮﺍ ﲨﻴﻌﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﳌﺎ ﺗﻮﰲ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺍﺭﺗﺪ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻌﺜﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ‬
‫ﺑﻜﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﳎﺎﻫﺪﹰﺍ ﻓﺸﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﲑﻣﻮﻙ ﻭﻓﻘﺪ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻋﻴﻨﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﺳﺎﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﻓﺸﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺳﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﰲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ٢١‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬
‫ﲬﺲ ﺍﻟﻐﻨﺎﺋﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺚ ﺑﻦ ﻗﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻜﻨﺪﻱ)‪ (١‬ﺃﺳﲑﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻘـﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨـﺔ‬
‫ﺣﱴ ﺧﺮﺝ ﳎﺎﻫﺪﹰﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺟﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺃﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟـﻴﻤﻦ ﻓﻜـﺎﻥ ﻫـﻮ‬
‫ﻭﻓﲑﻭﺯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺣﻀﺮﻣﻮﺕ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﻦ ﻟﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﺿﻲ ﻭﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﻨﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺲ ﻭﺑﻨﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ  ﺍﳌﻨﺬﺭ ﺑـﻦ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻭﻯ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﺗﻮﰲ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺭﺗﺪﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﻨﻮ ﻋﺒـﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺲ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺛﺒﺘﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺑﻔﻀﻞ )ﺍﳉﺎﺭﻭﺩ( ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻓﺜﺒﺘﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺩ‪‬ﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﳉﺎﺭﻭﺩ‬
‫ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻧﺼﺮﺍﻧﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻭﻓﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ  ﻭﺃﺳﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻘﻲ ﺑﺎﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺣـﱴ ﻓﻘـﻪ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺭﺟﻊ ﺇﱃ ﻗﻮﻣﻪ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻠﺒﺚ ﺇﻻ ﻳﺴﲑﹰﺍ ﺣﱴ ﺗﻮﰲ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺭﺗﺪ ﻗﻮﻣﻪ ﻭﻗﺎﻟﺖ‬
‫ﺑﻨﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺲ ‪ :‬ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻧﺒﻴﹰﺎ ﳌﺎ ﻣﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻠﻎ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳉﺎﺭﻭﺩ ﻓﺠﻤﻌﻬﻢ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﳍﻢ ‪ :‬ﻳـﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺸﺮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺲ‪ ،‬ﺇﱐ ﺳﺎﺋﻠﻜﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻣﺮ ﻓﺄﺧﱪﻭﱐ ﺑﻪ ﺇﻥ ﻋﻠﻤﺘﻤﻮﻩ ﻭﻻ ﲡﻴﺒﻮﱐ ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﺗﻌﻠﻤﻮﺍ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ ‪ :‬ﺳﻞ ﻋﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﺪﺍ ﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺗﻌﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﷲ ﺃﻧﺒﻴﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻣﻀﻰ ؟ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ ‪ :‬ﻧﻌﻢ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﻤﻠﻮﻧﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺗﺮﻭﻧﻪ ؟ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺑﻞ ﻧﻌﻠﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﻓﻌﻠﻮﻩ ؟ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ ‪ :‬ﻣﺎﺗﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﳏﻤﺪﹰﺍ‬
‫ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻣﺎﺗﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﺷﻬﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ ﻭ‪‬ﺃﻥ ﳏﻤﺪﹰﺍ ﻋﺒﺪﻩ ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ ‪ :‬ﻭﳓـﻦ‬
‫ﻧﺸﻬﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺃﻥ ﳏﻤﺪﹰﺍ ﻋﺒﺪﻩ ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻧﻚ ﺳﻴﺪﻧﺎ ﻭﺃﻓﻀـﻠﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺛﺒﺘـﻮﺍ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬

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‫ﺇﺳﻼﻣﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺼﺮﺕ ﲨﺎﻋﺘﻪ ﰲ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﺩ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﳊﻄﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺿﺒﻴﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜـﺮ‬
‫ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺀ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﻀﺮﻣﻲ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻣﲑﹰﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﷲ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺍﻗﺘﺮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻖ ﺑﻪ ﲦﺎﻣﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺃﺛﺎﻝ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴـﻠﻤﺔ ﺑـﲏ‬
‫ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﳉﺎﺭﻭﺩ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺲ ﻳﻘﺎﺗﻠﻮﻥ ﺍﳊﻄـﻢ‬
‫ﺑﻦ ﺿﺒﻴﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻼﺀ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻳﻘﺎﺗﻠﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺪﻳﻦ ﰲ ﺟﻬﺔ ﻫﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﺼﺮ ﺍﷲ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻭﺃﻳـﺪﻫﻢ‬
‫ﻭﺧﺬﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻓﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﻫﺰﻣﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ــــــــــــــ‬

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 ‫‪@ @÷…bŽÛa@szj½a‬‬
‫@‪@ å톑aŠÛa@âbíc@òîßý⁄a@pbyìnÐÛa‬‬
‫@‬
‫‪@ @@Õ톖Ûa@†èÇ@¿@òîßý⁄a@pbyìnÐÛa‬‬

‫‪-‬ﺍﳉﺒﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﺳﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫ﻓﺘﻮﺡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫ﱂ ﺗﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﻟﺘﻘﻒ ﰲ ﺃﺭﺽ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻷﺭﺽ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﺳﺎﺣﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻣﻴﺪﺍ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻮﻗﻔﺖ ﻗﻠـﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﻭﻓﺎﺓ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ  ﻓﺬﻟﻚ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺖ ﺍﻟﺮﺩﺓ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻻﺑﺪ ﻣـﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻌـﺎﻭﺩ‬
‫ﻧﺸﺎﻃﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺴﲑ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﺎﺗﻞ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻘﻒ ﰲ ﻭﺟﻬﻬﺎ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺩ‪.‬‬
‫__________________‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺚ ﺑﻦ ﻗﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻜﻨﺪﻱ ‪ :‬ﺃﻣﲑ ﻛﻨﺪﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹِﺳﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺳـﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺳﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﳌﺎ ﻭﱄ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺍﻣﺘﻨﻊ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺚ ﻭﺑﻌﺾ ﻛﻨﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺄﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻫﺰﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺳﻴﻖ ﻣﻮﺛﻮﻗﹰﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻃﻠﻘﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﺯﻭﺟﻪ ﺃﺧﺘـﻪ ﺃﻡ ﻓـﺮﻭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺴـﻦ‬
‫ﺇﺳﻼﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻀﺮ ﺍﻟﲑﻣﻮﻙ ﻭﻓﻘﺪ ﻋﻴﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻀﺮ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﻣﻊ ﺳﻌﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣـﻊ ﻋﻠـﻲ ﰲ‬
‫ﺻﻔﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻬﺮﻭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻮﰲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ٤١‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﳌﻨﺬﺭ ﺑﻦ ﺳﺎﻭﻯ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻷﺧﻨﺲ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪﻱ ‪ :‬ﺃﻣﲑ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹِﺳﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﻛـﺎﻥ ﺻـﺎﺣﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﻟﻪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺀ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﻀﺮﻣﻲ ﻳـﺪﻋﻮﻩ ﻓﻴﻬـﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻹِﺳـﻼﻡ‬
‫ﻓﺄﺳﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﰲ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻮﰲ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺭﺩﺓ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻦ ﺃﻱ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻭﻓﺎﺓ ﺭﺳـﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺑﺸـﻬﺮ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻬﺖ ﺣﺮﻭﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻻ ﺑ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻳﻘﻔﻮﻥ ﰲ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﳛﺎﻭﻟﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺩﻋﻢ ﺃﻋﺪﺍﺋﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺪﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﳛـﺎﺭﺑﻮﻥ ﺍﻟـﺪﻋﻮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻨﺼـﺮﻭﻥ ﺧﺼـﻮﻣﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﳛﺮﺿﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﳌﺘﻨﺼﺮﺓ ﺿﺪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻻ ﺑ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻓﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻤـﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺑﺎﻹﳝﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻱ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﷲ ﻳﺆﺗﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺸﺎﺀ ﳑﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﻬﺠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ‬

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‫ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺎﺗﻠﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺒﻬﺘﲔ ﱂ ﺗﻜﻮﻧﺎ ﻣﺘﻔﻘﺘﲔ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺎﻋﺪﻫﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ ﻭﺣﺮﻳـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺮﻛﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﳋﻮﻑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻑ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ -‬ﺍﳉﺒﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﺳﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻳﺴﻴﻄﺮﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻭﺍﺳﻌﺔ ﺗﺒﺪﺃ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﴰﺎﻝ ﺟﺰﻳـﺮﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻨﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺘﻮﺳﻊ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺘﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺏ ﻭﺗﺘﻨﺎﻗﺺ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻧﺘﺼﺎﺭﻫﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟـﺮﻭﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﻫﺰﳝﺘﻬﻢ ﺃﻣﺎﻣﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﺎﺭﺓ ﻳﺘﻮﺳﻌﻮﻥ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻭﺻﻠﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺳﻮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺳﻔﻮﺭ ﰒ ﺍﺭﺗـﺪﻭﺍ ﺣـﱴ‬
‫ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺗﻘﻴﻢ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺴﻴﻄﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻬـﺎ ﺍﻟﻔـﺮﺱ‬
‫ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﰲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﺩ ﺃﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﻔﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﳉﺰﻳﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺎﺋﻞ ﺗﻐﻠﺐ ﻭﺑﻜـﺮ‬
‫ﻭﺷﻴﺒﺎﻥ ﻭﺭﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﻭﻃﻲﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣ‪‬ﺘﻨﺼﺮ‪‬ﺓ ﰲ ﺃﻏﻠﺒﻬﺎ ﻛﺘﻐﻠﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻃـﻲﺀ ﺗﻌﻠـﻮ‬
‫ﻭﻳﻘﻴﻢ ﺭﺋﻴﺴﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺑﻠﺪﺓ ﺍﳊﲑﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻘﺮﺑﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻟﻠﻔﺮﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻮﻃﻴﺪ ﺳـﻠﻄﺎ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﰲ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻷﳓﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲏ ﺷﻴﺒﺎﻥ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﻡ ﻗﺪ ﺩﺧﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻹِﺳﻼﻡ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﺜﲎ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺎﺭﺛﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺒﺎﱐ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻃﻠﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺮﻭﺏ ﺍﳌﺮﺗـﺪﻳﻦ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤـﺮﻳﻦ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻳﺆﻣﺮﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻮﻣﻪ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺩﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﻹِﺳﻼﻡ ﰲ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺕ ﻟﻴﺠﺎﻫﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﺎﺗﻞ ﺃﻋـﺪﺍﺀ‬
‫ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻣﺮﻩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻓﺼﺎﺭ ﻳﻨﺎﻭﺵ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻨﺘﺼﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻭﻗﻌﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻭﻗﻌﺔ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﰲ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻗﻠﻴﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻫﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻛﺜﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻌﻬﻢ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻛﺒﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﺍﳌﹸﺘﻨﺼ‪‬ﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﺳﺘﺘﻨﺎﻗﺺ ﻣـﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻳﺎﻡ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﺮﺓ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﻻ ﺑ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺪﺩ ﻟﻠﻤﺜﲎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺠﺎﺀﻩ ﺍﻻﻣﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﻟﻴﺪﻋﻢ ﺍﳌـﺜﲎ‬
‫ﺑﻦ ﺣﺎﺭﺛﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺒﺎﱐ ﻭﻟﻴﻜﻦ ﺩﺧﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻨﻮﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﲔ ﻳﺪﺧﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﻴﺎﺽ ﺑﻦ ﻏﻨﻢ)‪ (٢‬ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﻜﻦ ﻟﻘﺎﺅﳘﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳊﲑﺓ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻻﻣﺮﺓ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺻـﺎﺣﺒﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﻣﻄﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻟﻠﻬﺠﺮﺓ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﻣـﺪ ﺧﺎﻟـﺪﹰﺍ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻌﻘـﺎﻉ ﺑـﻦ ﻋﻤـﺮﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻤﻲ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﺃﳒﺪ ﻋﻴﺎﺽ ﺑﻦ ﻏﻨﻢ ﺑﻌﺒﺪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻮﻑ ﺍﳊﻤﲑﻱ‪.‬‬
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‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﳌﺜﲎ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺎﺭﺛﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺒﺎﱐ ‪ :‬ﺻﺤﺎﰊ ﻓﺎﺗﺢ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﻛﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ٩‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬ﻏﺰﺍ ﺑﻼﺩ‬
‫ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺪﻩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﲞﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺪﻩ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﺎﰊ ﻋﺒﻴـﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟـﺮﺡ ﰲ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﳉﺴﺮ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺃﻣﺪﻩ ﺑﺴﻌﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻭﻗﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﺗﻮﰲ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻭﺻﻮﻝ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻋﻴﺎﺽ ﺑﻦ ﻏﻨﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻫﲑ ﺍﻟﻔﻬﺮﻱ ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﺋﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺠﻌﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﺷﻬﺪ ﺍﳌﺸـﺎﻫﺪ ﻣـﻊ‬
‫ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺗﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻮﰲ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪٢٠‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻟﻘﻌﻘﺎﻉ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻤﻲ ‪ :‬ﺃﺣﺪ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺭﻳﻦ ﻭﺃﺑﻄـﺎﳍﻢ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹِﺳﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﻟﻪ ﺻﺤﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ‪ :‬ﺻﻮﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻌﻘﺎﻉ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺮﺏ ﺧﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻟﻒ ﻓـﺎﺭﺱ‪،‬‬
‫ﺷﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﲑﻣﻮﻙ ﻭﻓﺘﺢ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺳﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻭﻗﺎﺋﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺷﻬﺪ ﺻﻔﲔ‬
‫ﲜﺎﻧﺐ ﺳﻴﺪﻧﺎ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻮﰲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ٤٠‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﺑﺎﲡﺎﻩ ﺍﳊﲑﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻰ ﰲ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻪ ﺑﺒﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻳﺎﺕ )ﺃﻟﹼﻴﺲ( ﻭﻣـﺎ‬
‫ﺼﺒ‪‬ﺮﻱ ﺑﻦ ﺻﻠﻮﺑﺎ(‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺍﲡﻪ ﳓﻮ ﺍﳊﲑﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣـﻦ ﻗﺒـﻞ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﺼﺎﱀ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻬﺎ )‪‬ﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻫﺎﻧﺊ ﺑﻦ ﻗﺒﻴﺼﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﻲ)‪ ،(١‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺃﺩﻋﻮﻛﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺇﱃ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﻹِﺳﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﺒﻠﺘﻢ ﻓﻠﻜﻢ ﻣﺎ ﻟﻨﺎ ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺑﻴﺘﻢ ﻓﺎﳉﺰﻳـﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺑﻴـﺘﻢ ﻓﻘـﺪ‬
‫ﺟﺌﻨﺎﻛﻢ ﺑﻘﻮﻡ ﳛﺒﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ ﻛﻤﺎ ﲢﺒﻮﻥ ﺃﻧﺘﻢ ﺷﺮﺏ ﺍﳋﻤﺮ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮﺍ ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﻟﻨﺎ ﰲ ﺣﺮﺑﻚ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺼﺎﳊﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺴﻌﲔ ﻭﻣﺌﺔ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺩﺭﻫﻢ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺜﲎ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺎﺭﺛﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺒﺎﱐ ﻳﻘﺎﺗـﻞ ﺗـﺎﺭﺓ ﰲ‬
‫ﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﻛﺴﻜﺮ ﻭﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﰲ ﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺳﻔﻞ‪ ،‬ﻳﻘﺎﺗﻞ ﺍﳍﺮﻣـﺰﺍﻥ ﰲ ﺗﻠـﻚ ﺍﻟﺒﻘـﺎﻉ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﺳﺘﺪﻋﻰ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺍﳌﺜﲎ ﻭﻧﺰﻟﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﺍ ُﻷ‪‬ﺑﻠﹼﺔ ﻟﺘﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻗﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﰲ ﲦﺎﻧﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻋﺸﺮ ﺃﻟﻔﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺳﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺜﲎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻴﻮﻣﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺎﺭ ﻋﺪﻱ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻭﻋﺎﺻـﻢ ﺑـﻦ ﻋﻤـﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻤﻲ)‪ (٢‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﳌﺜﲎ ﺑﻴﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻋﻄﺎﻫﻢ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﻣﻮﻋﺪﹰﺍ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻔﲑ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻮﺍ ‪‬ﺮﻣـﺰ ﰲ ﺃﺭﺽ‬
‫ﺍ ُﻷ‪‬ﺑﻠﹼﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﻭﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﻫﺮﻣﺰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻐﺪﺭ ﲞﺎﻟﺪ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻌﻘﺎﻉ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﻗﺘـﻞ ﻫﺮﻣـﺰ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻢ ﻣﻊ ﲪﺎﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺃﺭﺍﺩﻭﺍ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻐﺪﺭﻭﺍ ﲞﺎﻟﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻛﺐ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﺃﻛﺘﺎﻑ ﺃﻋﺪﺍﺋﻬﻢ ﺣـﱴ‬
‫ﻏﺸﺎﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻗﺪ ﺭﺑﻄﻮﺍ ﺃﻧﻔﺴﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻼﺳﻞ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﲰﻴﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻛـﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺳﻞ ‪ ...‬ﻭﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﳌﺜﲎ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺎﺭﺛﺔ ﰲ ﺃﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻌـﺚ ﻣﻌﻘـﻞ ﺑـﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‪‬ﻘﺮ‪‬ﻥ)‪ (٣‬ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷَﺑﻠﹼﺔ ﻟﻴﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﱯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺜﲎ ﺣﱴ ﺑﻠﻎ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﳌـﺮﺃﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﺤﺎﺻـﺮﻫﺎ ﰲ‬

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‫ﺍﳊﺼﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺘﻪ ﺃﺧﻮﻩ ﺍﳌﻌﻨ‪‬ﻰ‪ ،‬ﻓﺼﺎﳊﺖ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺍﳌﺜﲎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺰﻭﺟﻬـﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﻨ‪‬ﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﳌﺜﲎ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﱰﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺘﻞ ﻣﻘﺎﺗﻠﺘﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻗﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺣﲔ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﱂ‬
‫ﻳﻨﻬﻀﻮﺍ ﻟﻠﻘﺘﺎﻝ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺭﺩﺷﲑ ﻗﺪ ﺃﻣﺮ ﲜﻴﺶ ﻛﺒﲑ ﺑﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ )ﻗﺎﺭﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻗﺮﻳﺎﻧﺲ( ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻭﺻـﻞ ﺇﱃ )ﺍﳌـﺬﺍﺭ()‪(٤‬‬
‫ﻭﺻﻞ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺧﱪ ﻫﺰﳝﺔ ﻫﺮﻣﺰ ﻭﻣﻘﺘﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﺠﻤﻊ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﺸﺒﺖ ﻣﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﻗﺘـﻞ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻌﻘﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻻﻋﺸﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﺳﻲ )ﻗﺎﺭﻥ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺘـﻞ ﻋﺎﺻـﻢ ﺑـﻦ ﻋﻤـﺮﻭ ﺧﺼـﻤﻪ‬
‫)ﺍﻻﻧﻮﺷﺠﺎﻥ( ﻭﻗﺘﻞ ﻋﺪﻱ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺎﰎ ﻋ‪‬ﻮﻩ )ﻗﹸﺒﺎﺫ( ﻭﻗﺘﻞ ﻳﻮﻣﺬﺍﻙ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻛﺒﲑ ﻭﺻـﻞ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﺃﻟﻒ ﻣﻘﺎﺗﻞ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﻭﺯﻉ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺍﻟﻐﻨﺎﺋﻢ ﻭﻗﺴ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﻲﺀ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﲡﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ )ﺍﻟﻮﳉﺔ( ﻣﻊ ﻣﺎ ﺟﺎﺀﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻣـﺪﺩ ﻗﻮﺍﻣـﻪ ﺟﻴﺸـﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺑﻘﻴـﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫)ﺍﻷﻧﺪﺭﺯﻋﺮ( ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺑﺈﻣﺮﺓ )‪‬ﻤﻦ ﺟﺎﺫﻭﻳﻪ( ﻓﺴﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺧﻠﹼﻒ ﺳﻮﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻘـﺮﻥ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﳊﻔﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻫﺰﻣﺖ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻫﺰﳝﺔ ﻣﻨﻜﺮﺓ ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳉﻮﻟﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﺄﺛﺮ ﻧﺼﺎﺭﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺼﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻜﺎﺗﺒﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻭﲡﻤ‪‬ﻌﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺃﻟﹼﻴﺲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺳﺮﻉ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ‬
‫__________‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻫﺎﻧﺊ ﺑﻦ ﻗﺒﻴﺼﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﻲ ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﺧﻮ ﺇﻳﺎﺱ ﺑﻦ ﻗﺒﻴﺼﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻮﱃ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﳊﲑﺓ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﻛﺴﺮﻯ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺬﺭ ﺇﱃ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻌﻞ ﻭﺩﺍﺋﻌﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻫﺎﻧﺊ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺸـﻴﺒﺎﱐ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺟﺮﺕ ﻣﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﺫﻱ ﻗﺎﺭ ﺑﲔ ﺟﻴﻮﺵ ﻛﺴﺮﻯ ﺑﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻳﺎﺱ ﻭﻫﺎﻧﺊ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺒﺎﱐ ﺍﻟـﺬﻱ‬
‫ﻳﻘﻮﺩ ﺑﲏ ﺑﻜﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻋﺎﺻﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻤﻲ ‪ :‬ﺃﺥ ﺍﻟﻘﻌﻘﺎﻉ‪ ،‬ﺷﺎﻋﺮ‪ ،‬ﻟﻪ ﺻﺤﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻠﻰ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺳﻴﺔ ﺍﻟـﺒﻼﺀ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺗﻮﰲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ١٦‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻣﻌﻘﻞ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻘﺮﻥ ‪ :‬ﺃﺣﺪ ﺇﺧﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻘﺮﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﳌﺬﺍﺭ ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﻔﺔ ‪‬ﺮ ﺩﺟﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮﻯ ﺗﻘﻊ ﴰﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺑﺔ ﺏ ‪ ٣٧‬ﻛﻠـﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑـﲔ ﺍﻟﺒﺼـﺮﺓ‬
‫ﻭﻭﺍﺳﻂ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻗﺼﺒﺔ ﻣﻴﺴﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﺼﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺍﻧﺘﺼﺎﺭﹰﺍ ﻣﺒﻴﻨﹰﺎ ﻭﻗﺘﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﺮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﺃﻟﻔﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺍﲡﻪ ﳓﻮ ﺍﳊـﲑﺓ‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻭﳌﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﲑﺓ ﻭﻟﹼﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﻌﻘﺎﻉ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﺮﺝ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺩﻋﻢ ﻋﻴﺎﺽ ﺑﻦ ﻏﻨﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻛﻠﻒ ﺑﺸﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﻓﱰﻝ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﹼﻮﺟﺔ ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻛﺮﺑﻼﺀ ﻓﻮﱃ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﺎﺻـﻢ‬
‫ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺘﻪ ﺍﻷﻗﺮﻉ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺎﺑﺲ)‪ ،(١‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﳌﺜﲎ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﻳﻨﺎﻭﺵ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺍﻃﺊ ﺩﺟﻠﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺳﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﺎﺭ ﻓﻔﺘﺤﻬﺎ ﰒ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﺮﻗﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺑﺪﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺼﺪ‬
‫ﻋﲔ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺰﻡ ﲨﻮﻉ ﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﺍﳌﹸﺘﻨﺼ‪‬ﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺠﻢ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺣﺼـﺮﻫﺎ ﻓﱰﻟـﻮﺍ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻜﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺘﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻭﺃﺳﺮ ﻭﺳﱮ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﲔ ﺍﻟﺘﻤـﺮ ﻋـﻮﱘ ﺑـﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻫﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﲡﺎﻩ ﻋﻴﺎﺽ ﺑﻦ ﻏﻨﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺰﺍﻝ ﰲ ﺩﻭﻣﺔ ﺍﳉﻨﺪﻝ)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻛﺘﺐ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻳﺴﺘﻨﺠﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺘﺐ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ "ﻣﻦ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻴﺎﺽ ﺇﻳﺎﻙ ﺃﺭﻳﺪ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﳌﺎ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺩﻭﻣﺔ ﺍﳉﻨﺪﻝ ﻣﺴﲑ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺠﺪﻭﺍ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺒﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﳌﹸﺘﻨﺼ‪‬ﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﻛﻠﺐ ﻭﻏﺴﺎﻥ ﻭﺗﻨﻮﺥ ﻭﺍﻟﻀﺠﺎﻋﻢ ﻓﺄﻣﺪﻭﻫﻢ‪ .‬ﻭﳌﺎ ﺍﻗﺘﺮﺏ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻭﻣﺔ ﺍﳉﻨـﺪﻝ ﺍﺧﺘﻠـﻒ‬
‫ﺭﺋﻴﺴﺎﻫﺎ ﻭﳘﺎ ‪ :‬ﺃﻛﻴﺪﺭ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳉﻮﺩﻱ ﺑﻦ ﺭﺑﻴﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻋﺘﺰﻝ ﺍﻷﻛﻴﺪﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫ‪‬ﺰﻡ ﺍﳉﻮﺩﻱ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺟﺎﺀﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﱂ ﻳﺘﺴﻊ ﳍﻢ ﺍﳊﺼﻦ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﻗﺎﻡ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﺪﻭﻣـﺔ ﺍﳉﻨـﺪﻝ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﺍﻷﻗﺮﻉ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺎﺑﺲ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺪﺓ ﳊﻖ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﺎﳊﲑﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺧﺮﺝ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﲑﺓ ﻭﻭﻟﹼﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻴﺎﺽ ﺑﻦ ﻏﻨﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺍﻷﻗﺮﻉ ﺑـﻦ‬
‫ﺣﺎﺑﺲ‪ ...‬ﰒ ﺑﻌﺚ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﲔ ﺃﺑﺎ ﻟﻴﻠﻰ ﺑﻦ ﻓﺮﻛﻲ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳋﻨـﺎﻓﺲ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻌﻘـﺎﻉ ﺇﱃ ﺣ‪‬ﺼـﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺼﻴ‪‬ﺦ ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ﳚﺪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻟﻴﻠﻰ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﳋﻨـﺎﻓﺲ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻧﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻌﻘﺎﻉ ﰲ ﺣﺼﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﳋﻨﺎﻓﺲ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌ ‪‬‬
‫ﻛﻴﺪﺍ‪ .‬ﻭﺳﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻟﻴﻠﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻌﻘﺎﻉ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺼﻴﺦ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻫـﺮﺏ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻨﺎﻓﺲ ﻭﺍﳊﺼﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺍﻧﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﺍﻧﺘﺼﺎﺭﹰﺍ ﻣﺒﻴﻨـﹰﺎ‪ .‬ﰒ ﺳـﺎﺭﻭﺍ ﺇﱃ )ﺍﻟـﺜﲏ()‪ (٤‬ﻭ‬
‫)ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﻣﻴ‪‬ﻞ()‪ (٥‬ﻓﺎﻧﺘﺼﺮﻭﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻋﺪﺍﺋﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺳﺎﺭﻭﺍ ﺇﱃ )ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎﺏ()‪ ،(٦‬ﻭ‪‬ﺎ ﻫﻼﻝ ﺑﻦ ‪‬ﻋﻘﹶـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﻧﻔﺾ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﲰﻌﻮﺍ ﺑﺪﻧﻮ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﻭﺟﻴﺸﻪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺳﺎﺭﻭﺍ ﺇﱃ )ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺽ()‪ (٧‬ﻭﻫﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﲣﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﻭﺍﳉﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻭﺍﻟـﺮﻭﻡ ﺿـﺪ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﺖ ﺍﳉﻤﻮﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺕ ﻓﻘﺘﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﺍﳌﹸﺘﻨﺼ‪‬ﺮﺓ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻣﺌﺔ ﺃﻟﻒ‪...‬‬

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‫ﺃﻗﺎﻡ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺮﺍﺋﺾ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺍﺫﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺟﻮﻉ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﲑﺓ ﳋﻤﺲ ﺑﻘﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻱ‬
‫____________________‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷﻗﺮﻉ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺎﺑﺲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻘﺎﻝ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﺷﻌﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻤﻲ ‪ :‬ﺻﺤﺎﰊ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺳﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻣﻊ ﻭﻓﺪ ﻗﻮﻣﻪ ﻭﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﺷﻬﺪ ﻓﺘﺢ ﻣﻜﺔ ﻭﺣﻨﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﻒ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺆﻟﻔﺔ ﻗﻠﻮ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﺸﻬﺪ ﲞﺮﺍﺳﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﳉﻮﺯﺟﺎﻥ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ٣١‬ﻫـ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺳﻴﺪﻧﺎ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺩﻭﻣﺔ ﺍﳉﻨﺪﻝ ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﰲ ﴰﺎﻝ ﺟﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻜﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﳉﻮﻑ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺃﻛﻴﺪﺭ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻜﻨﺪﻱ ‪ :‬ﻣﻠﻚ ﺩﻭﻣﺔ ﺍﳉﻨﺪﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﺚ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺳﺮﻩ ﻭﻗﺪﻡ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻓﺄﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﺃﻋﻴﺪ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻼﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺗﻮﰲ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻧﻘﺾ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ١٢‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻟﺜﲏ ‪ :‬ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﳉﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺗﻴﺔ ﻳﻘﻊ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺻﺎﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﲡﻤﻌﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺑﻨﻮ ﺗﻐﻠﺐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻴﻞ ‪ :‬ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺻﺎﻓﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎﺏ ‪ :‬ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺻﺎﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻣﻜﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﻤﺮﻫﺎ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﺑـﻦ ﻋﺒـﺪ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻠﻚ‪.‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻗﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺽ ‪ :‬ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺑﲔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻮ ﻛﻤﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺪ ‪ ٤٠‬ﻛﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺪﻭﺩ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﻭﺳﻮﺭﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻌﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺮ ﻋﺎﺻﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﲑ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻇﻬﺮ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻗﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺎﺭ ﻣﻊ ﻋﺪﺓ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻜﺔ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺍﳊﺞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺟﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺞ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﺻﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﲑﺓ ﻭﱂ ﺗﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﺴـﺎﻗﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﺓ ﺑﻌﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺪﺭ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﲟﺎ ﻓﻌﻞ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﺘﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺻﺮﻓﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺻﻞ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺑﺎﳊﲑﺓ ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺳﺮ ﺣﱴ ﺗـﺄﰐ ﲨـﻮﻉ ﺍﳌﺴـﻠﻤﲔ‬
‫ﻉ‬
‫ﺸ ِﺞ ﺍﳉﻤـﻮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﲑﻣﻮﻙ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈ‪‬ﻢ ﻗﺪ ﺷﺠﻮﺍ ﻭﺃﺷﺠﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻳﺎﻙ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻌﻮﺩ ﳌﺜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻌﻠﺖ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﻌﻮﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺷﺠﺎﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﱰﻉ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻧﺰﻋﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻴﻬﻨﺌﻚ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳋﻄﻮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﲤﻢ ﻳﺘﻤﻢ ﺍﷲ ﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺪﺧﻠﻨﻚ ﻋﺠﺐ ﻓﺘﺨﺴﺮ ﻭﲣﺬﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻳﺎﻙ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺪﻝ ﺑﻌﻤـﻞ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻟﻪ ﺍﳌﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻭﱄ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺀ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻭﺟﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﳋﺎﻟﺪ ‪ :‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﺪﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﻭﺧﻠﹼﻒ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﻫﻠـﻪ ﺍﻟـﺬﻳﻦ ﻗـﺪﻣﺖ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻣﺾ ﳐﺘﻔﻴﹰﺎ ﰲ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻚ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻗﺪﻣﻮﺍ ﻣﻌﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻴﻤﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺻﺤﺒﻮﻙ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪﻣﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ﺗﺄﰐ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻓﺘﻠﻘﻰ ﺃﺑﺎ ﻋﺒﻴـﺪﺓ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻴﺘﻢ ﻓﺄﻧﺖ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﲑﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﺍﳌﺜﲎ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﺭﺛﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺒﺎﱐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻌـﺮﺍﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺳﺎﺭ ﻫﻮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﺇﱃ ﺃﰊ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ)‪ : (١‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﺈﱐ ﺃﺳﺄﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻟﻨﺎ ﻭﻟﻚ ﺍﻷﻣﻦ ﻳﻮﻡ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻮﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺼﻤﺔ ﰲ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﺳﻮﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﺗﺎﱐ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻳـﺄﻣﺮﱐ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳌﺴﲑ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻨﺪﻫﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﱄ ﻷﻣﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﻣﺎ ﻃﻠﺒﺖ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻗﻂ ﻭﻻ ﺃﺭﺩﺗـﻪ‬
‫ﺇﺫ ﻭﻟﻴﺘﻪ ﻓﺄﻧﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻛﻨﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻻ ﻧﻌﺼﻴﻚ ﻭﻻ ﳔﺎﻟﻔﻚ ﻭﻻ ﻧﻘﻄﻊ ﺩﻭﻧﻚ ﺃﻣﺮﺍﹰ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺄﻧﺖ ﺳﻴﺪ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻧﻨﻜﺮ ﻓﻀﻠﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻧﺴﺘﻐﲏ ﻋﻦ ﺭﺃﻳﻚ ﲤﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻨﺎ ﻭﺑﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺣﺴـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺭﲪﻨﺎ ﻭﺇﻳﺎﻙ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﻭﺭﲪﺔ ﺍﷲ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﲑﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺩﻭﻣﺔ ﺍﳉﻨﺪﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﺣﺎﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﻓﺘﻮﺡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺟﻊ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻦ ﺃﻣﺮﻩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﱰﻝ ﺑﺘﻴﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺃﻣـﺮﻩ ﺃﻻ‬
‫ﻳﱪﺣﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻳﺪﻋﻮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﻀﻤﺎﻡ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻻ ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﺇﻻ ﻣﻦ ﱂ ﻳﺮﺗﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻘﺎﺗﻞ ﺇﻻ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺗﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ﻳﺄﺗﻴﻪ ﺃﻣﺮﻩ‪ .‬ﻓﺄﻗﺎﻡ ﻓﺎﺟﺘﻤﻌﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﲨﻮﻉ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻠﻎ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﻋﻈﻢ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﺴـﻜﺮ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻨﻔﺮﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻨﻔﺮﺕ ﻛﻠﺐ ﻭﺗﻨﻮﺥ ﻭﳋـﻢ ﻭﺟـﺬﺍﻡ‬
‫ﻭﻏﺴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺘﺐ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ‪.‬‬
‫__________________‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺡ ‪ :‬ﻋﺎﻣﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺡ ﺑﻦ ﻫﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﻬﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺷﻲ ﻓﺎﺗﺢ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺒﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﳉﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﲔ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﲔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻹِﺳـﻼﻡ ﺷـﻬﺪ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺗﻮﰲ ﺑﻄﺎﻋﻮﻥ ﻋﻤﻮﺍﺱ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ ١٨‬ﻫـ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺘﺐ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺃﻗﺪﻡ ﻭﻻ ﲢﺠﻢ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻨﺼﺮ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﺎﺭ ﺇﻟـﻴﻬﻢ‬
‫ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺩﻧﺎ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺗﻔﺮﻗﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﲣﺬ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻪ ﻣﻜﺎ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﺇﱃ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺑـﺬﻟﻚ‪،‬‬

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‫ﻓﻜﺘﺐ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ‪ :‬ﺃﻗﺪﻡ ﻭﻻ ﺗﻘﺘﺤﻤﻦ ﺣﱴ ﻻ ﺗﺆﺗﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻠﻔﻚ‪ .‬ﻭﺣﺪﺙ ﻗﺘﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻃﻠـﺐ‬
‫ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﳌﺪﺩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻣﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺘﺒﺔ ﻭﻋﻜﺮﻣﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺟﻬﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﺘﺼـﺮ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ )ﻣﺎ ﻫﺎﻥ( ﻗﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ﻓﻠﺤﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﲟﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺮ ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﲨﻮﻉ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﻟﺘﻨﻈﻢ ﺇﱃ ﻗﻴﺎﺩﺓ )ﻣﺎﻫﺎﻥ( ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺟﻌﻞ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﻳﺘﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺇﱃ ﺫﻱ ﺍﳌﺮﻭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﲔ ﻭﻗﻒ ﻋﻜﺮﻣﺔ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺟﻬﻞ ﳛﻤﻲ ﺍﳌﺘـﺮﺍﺟﻌﲔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻭﺻﻞ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻫﺪﻭﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻗﺪ ﺩﺧﻠﺖ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻄﻠـﺐ ﺃﺑـﻮ ﺑﻜـﺮ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺒﺪﺍﻝ ﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻗﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺳﲑﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﻳـﺔ‬
‫ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺇﱃ ﻗﻀﺎﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺍﺳﺘﺪﻋﺎﻩ ﻓﻮﻻﻩ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ  ﻗﺪ ﻭﻻﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺪﻗﺎﺕ ﻋ‪‬ﻤـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ‪ :‬ﺇﱐ ﻛﻨﺖ ﻗﺪ ﺭﺩﺩﺗﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻛـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ  ﻭﻻﻛﻪ ﻣﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﲰﺎﻩ ﻟﻚ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺒﻌﺜﻚ ﺇﱃ ﻋ‪‬ﻤﺎﻥ ﺇﳒﺎﺯﹰﺍ ﳌﻮﺍﻋﻴﺪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‬
‫‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻭﻟﻴﺘﻪ ﰒ ﻭﻟﻴﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﺣﺒﺒﺖ ‪ -‬ﺃﺑﺎ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ‪ -‬ﺃﻥ ﺃﻓﺮﻏﻚ ﳌﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺧﲑ ﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻚ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻌﺎﺩﻙ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻧﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﺣﺐ ﺇﻟﻴﻚ‪ .‬ﻓﻜﺘﺐ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ‪ :‬ﺇﱐ ﺳﻬﻢ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﺳﻬﺎﻡ ﺍﻹِﺳﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻧﺖ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻣﻲ ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳉﺎﻣﻊ ﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻧﻈﺮ ﺃﺷﺪﻫﺎ ﻭﺃﺧﺸﺎﻫﺎ ﻭﺃﻓﻀـﻠﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻓﺎﺭﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﺇﻥ ﺟﺎﺀﻙ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﺣﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺻﻞ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﺇﱃ ﺫﻱ ﺍﳌﺮﻭﺓ ﻫﺮﺑﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻨﺪ )ﻣﺎﻫﺎﻥ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺻﻞ ﺍﳋـﱪ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻓﻜﺘﺐ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ‪ :‬ﺃﻗﻢ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻌﻤﺮﻱ ﺇﻧﻚ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﻡ ﳏﺠﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﳒﹼﺎﺀ ﻣـﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﻤـﺮﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻻ‬
‫ﲣﻮﺿﻬﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺇﱃ ﺣﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﺼﱪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﳌﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﻌﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺫﻥ ﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺩﺧﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨـﺔ ‪ -‬ﻛﻤـﺎ‬
‫ﺳﻨﺮﻯ ‪. -‬‬
‫ﻋﺒﺄ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﺍﳉﻴﻮﺵ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﰲ ﻣﻄﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﻓﺴﺎﺭ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ)‪ (١‬ﰲ ﺳﺒﻌﺔ ﺁﻻﻑ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﺰﻝ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧـﺖ ﻭﺟﻬﺘـﻪ‬
‫ﺩﻣﺸﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﺭﻭﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺟﻨﺪﻩ ﺳﻬﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤـﺮﻭ‪ .‬ﰒ‬
‫ﺃﻣﺪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﺄﺧﻴﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﲜﻨﺪ ﻛﺜﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﳌﺎ ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺑﺬﻱ ﺍﳌﺮﻭﺓ ﺃﺧـﺬ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺑﻘﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻨﺪ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﲰﺢ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﺪ‪‬ﻳﻖ ﳋﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻮﺩﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻭﺟﻬﺘﻪ ﻓﻠﺴﻄﲔ‪.‬‬

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‫‪ -٣‬ﺷﺮﺣﺒﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺴﻨﺔ ﻭﺳﺎﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑـﻦ ﻋﻘﺒـﺔ)‪،(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺧﺬ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻣﺮ ﺑﺬﻱ ﺍﳌﺮﻭﺓ ﲨﻬﻮﺭ ﺟﻨﺪ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫_________‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ‪ ،‬ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻓﺘﺢ ﻣﻜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻘﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺪﻗﺎﺕ ﺑﲏ ﻓـﺮﺍﺱ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻗﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻﻩ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﻠﺴﻄﲔ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﰲ ﰲ ﻃﺎﻋﻮﻥ ﻋﻤﻮﺍﺱ ﻋـﺎﻡ‬
‫‪ ١٨‬ﻫـ ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻘﺒﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻣﻌﻴﻂ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﻭﻫﺐ ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻓﺘﻴﺎﻥ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﻭﺷﻌﺮﺍﺋﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﺃﺧﻮ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ‬
‫ﻋﻔﺎﻥ ﻷﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻓﺘﺢ ﻣﻜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻌﺜﻪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺪﻗﺎﺕ ﺑﲏ ﺍﳌﺼﻄﻠﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻﻩ ﻋﻤـﺮ‬
‫ﺻﺪﻗﺎﺕ ﺑﲏ ﺗﻐﻠﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻﻩ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﰒ ﻋﺰﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﰲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ٦١‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻭﺟﻬﺘﻪ ﲪﺺ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﻘﻲ ﻋﻜﺮﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺳﺘﺔ ﺁﻻﻑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻨﺪ ﺭﺩﺀﹰﺍ ﳉﻴﻮﺵ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﲟﺎ ﻋﺒﺄﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻧﺘﻘﻞ ﻫﺮﻗﻞ ﺇﱃ ﲪﺺ‪ ،‬ﻭﲨﻊ ﲨﻮﻋﹰﺎ ﻏﻔﲑﺓ ﻣـﻦ ﺟﻨـﺪﻩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﺃﺧﺎﻩ )ﺗﺬﺍﺭﻕ( ﻟﻴﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻌﺚ )ﺟﺮﺟﺔ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺗﻮﺫﺭﺍ( ﳓﻮ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑـﻦ‬
‫ﺃﰊ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺟﻪ )ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﺭﺍﻗﺺ( ﳓﻮ ﺷﺮﺣﺒﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻋﻄﻰ ﺃﻭﺍﻣﺮﻩ ﻟـ )ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻘـﺎﺭ ﺑـﻦ‬
‫ﻧﺴﻄﻮﺱ( ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﲑ ﳓﻮ ﺃﰊ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﻞ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﻳﻮﻣـﺬﺍﻙ ﺇﱃ ‪ ٢٤٠‬ﺃﻟـﻒ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﺗﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﲔ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﹰﺍ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺃﻟﻔﹰﺎ ﻭ‪ ٦‬ﺁﻻﻑ ﻣﻊ ﻋﻜﺮﻣﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺟﻬـﻞ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﳌﺆﺧﺮﺓ ﺩﻋﻤﹰﺎ ﳉﻤﻮﻉ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﳌﺎ ﺭﺃﻭﺍ ﻛﺜﺮ‪‬ﻢ ﻓﻜﺘﺐ ﻗﺎﺩ‪‬ﻢ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌـﺎﺹ ﻳﺴﺘﺸـﲑﻭﻧﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻗﺘﺮﺡ ﺃﻥ ﳚﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﰲ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻳﻠﺘﻘﻮﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻦ ﻳﻬﺰﻣﻮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻠﺔ ﺣﻴﻨـﺬﺍﻙ‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻛﺘﺒﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻃﻠﺒﻮﺍ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﳌﺪﺩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﺭﺃﻳﻪ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺭﺃﻯ ﻋﻤـﺮﻭ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺿﺎﻑ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻳﺴﻬﻞ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻗﺎﻋـﺪﺓ ﺍﳊﻜـﻢ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻭﺍﻓﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻘﺎﺀ ﺑﺎﻟﲑﻣﻮﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﺇﱃ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺪﻡ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﲑﻣﻮﻙ ﻟﺪﻋﻢ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻷﻣﲑ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺳﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﲑﺓ ﺇﱃ ﻗﺮﺍﻗﺮ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺷﻴﻌﻪ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺜﲎ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺎﺭﺛـﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨـﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺳﻮﻯ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﲢﺮﻙ ﺇﱃ ﺩﻭﻣﺔ ﺍﳉﻨﺪﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻏﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺼﻴﺦ ‪‬ﺮﺍﺀ ﰒ ﲢﺮﻙ ﳓﻮ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻝ ﻣـﻊ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﺣﺎﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺷﺮﻗﻲ ﺟﺒﻞ ﺣﻮﺭﺍﻥ )ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻭﺯ( ﺣﱴ ﻭﺻﻞ ﺇﱃ )ﺃﺭﻙ( )‪ (١‬ﻭﻣﻨـﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺗﺪﻣﺮ ﻓﺎﻟﻘﺮﻳﺘﲔ )‪ . (٢‬ﻭﳌﺎ ﻋﻠﻤﺖ ﻏﺴﺎﻥ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻌﻮﺍ ﻟﻪ ﲟﺮﺝ ﺭﺍﻫـﻂ )‪ ، (٣‬ﻓﺴـﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺍﳊﺎﺭﺙ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻷﻳﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻧﺘﺼﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺳﺎﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺑﺼﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ )‪ ، (٤‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬
‫ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻓﺘﺘﺤﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻼﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺫﻫﺐ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﲑﻣﻮﻙ ﻓﻮﺻﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺴـﻠﻤﲔ ﰲ ﺗﺴـﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺁﻻﻑ ﻭﻏﺪﺍ ﺟﻨﺪ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺳﺘﺔ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﺃﻟﻔﹰﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻓﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﺑﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺧﺎﻟـﺪ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟـﺮﻭﻡ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻗﺪ ﻭﺻﻠﺘﻬﻢ ﺇﻣﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺑﺈﻣﺮﺓ ﻣﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﻭﻣﻌﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﺎﻭﺳﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻄﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻫﺒﺎﻥ ﻣـﻦ ﺃﺟـﻞ‬
‫ﺗﺸﺠﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺗﻠﲔ‪ .‬ﻭﺭﲟﺎ ﻳﺘﺴﺎﺀﻝ ﺍﳌﺮﺀ ﳌﺎﺫﺍ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻳﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻗﻄﻌﻬﺎ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ؟‬
‫ﺇﻧﻪ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺃﻻ ﻳﺼﻄﺪﻡ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻻﻟﺘﻘﺎﺀ ﺑﺎﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻭﲞﺎﺻﺔ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﺃﻣـﲑ ﺍﳌﻘـﺎﺗﻠﲔ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻓﻼ ﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺟﻨﺪﻩ ﻟﻴﻘﻮﺩﻫﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺧﻄﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﻘﻀﻲ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ ﳎﺘﻤﻌﲔ ﻻ ﻣﺘﻔﺮﻗﲔ ﻟﻴﺘﻤﻜﻨﻮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﳝﻠﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻋﺪﺍﺩﹰﺍ ﻛـﺒﲑﺓ‬
‫ﺗﻔﻮﻗﻬﻢ ﺑﻌﺸﺮﺓ ﺃﻣﺜﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻠﺮﻭﻡ ﺛﻐﻮﺭ ﻭﺳﻂ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﺴﺮﺣﹰﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﻌـﺎﺭﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺋﺮﺓ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻮ ﺳﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﲑﺓ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﳓﻮ‬
‫____________________‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﺭﻙ ‪ :‬ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺻﻐﲑﺓ ﻗﺮﺏ ﺗﺪﻣﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺫﺍﺕ ﳔﻞ ﻭﺯﻳﺘﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ ﻛـﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺎﺭﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻳﺘﲔ ‪ :‬ﻗﺮﻳﺔ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﲪﺺ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻣﺮﺝ ﺭﺍﻫﻂ ‪ :‬ﻳﻘﻊ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ﺇﱃ ﲪﺺ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻳﺴﺎﺭﻩ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﺮﺝ ﺭﺍﻫﻂ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳝﻨﺎﻩ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﺮﺝ ﻋﺬﺭﺍﺀ ﺣﱴ ﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﻳﺎ )ﺛﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺎﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺑﺼﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ‪ :‬ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﲝﻮﺭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﻐﺴﺎﺳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺭﻭﻣﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻬـﺎ‬
‫ﺳﻮﻕ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺮﺏ‪ .‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﺰﺍﻝ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﻣﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺪﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻣﺎﱐ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﲑ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺏ ﻻﺻﻄﺪﻡ ﺑﺘﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺜﻐﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻷﺿﺎﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﲡﻤﻌﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﲑﻣﻮﻙ ﻭﻗﻴﺎﺩﺗـﻪ ﳍـﻢ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﺿﻄﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﲑ ﳓﻮ ﺍﳉﻨﻮﺏ ﻟﻴﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺜﻐﻮﺭ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻕ ﺩﻭﻣﺔ ﺍﳉﻨـﺪﻝ ﰒ ﺍﲡـﻪ‬

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‫ﴰﺎﻻﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻭﺻﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻕ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺼﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻭﺟﺪ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺃﻣﺎ ﺟﺒﻞ ﺣﻮﺭﺍﻥ )ﺍﻟـﺪﺭﻭﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ( ﺍﻟﱪﻛﺎﱐ ﺍﻟﺼﻌﺐ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻴﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻻﻟﺘﻔﺎﻑ ﺣﻮﻟﻪ ﻓﻮﺟﺪ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺘﻪ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﻓـﺔ ﰲ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺗﺪﻣﺮ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﻋﺎﺩ ﻓﺮﺟﻊ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺏ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻳﺘﲔ ﻓﺜﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺎﺏ )ﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﻳﺎ( ﻓﺸـﺮﻗﻲ‬
‫ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ﺇﱃ ﺑﺼﺮﻯ ﻓﻔﺘﺤﻬﺎ ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺳﺎﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﲑﻣﻮﻙ‪ .‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﺈﻥ ﳋﺎﻟﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺘﻪ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﰲ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭ ﻭﺍﻻﻏـﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺧﺼﻤﻪ ﺍﳌﺘﺄﺧﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺍﻻﻧﺴﺤﺎﺏ ﻟﻠﺨﻮﺽ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﺣﺎﲰﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻫﺎ ﻳﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺧﺼﻤﻪ ﻻ ﺗﺰﺍﻝ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺧﻠﻒ ﺧﻄﻮﻃﻪ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻣﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺘﺪﺍﳘﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻀﻌﻒ ﻣﻌﻨﻮﻳﺎﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺒﻘﻰ ﺟﺰﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻨﻮﺩﻩ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻛـﺔ ﻟﺼـﺪ ﺃﻱ ﻫﺠـﻮﻡ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺗﻘﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺭﺃﻳﻨﺎﻩ ﰲ ﻗﺘﺎﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﺻﻞ ﺇﱃ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺑﻌﻴﺪﺓ ﻣـﻦ ﺃﺭﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﲔ ﱂ ﺗﻄﻬﺮ ﺃﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﺩ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺑﻞ ﻭﻻ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﳊﲑﺓ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺄﻣﻦ ﺟﺎﻧـﺐ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺼﺎﳊﲔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺳﻨﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻳﻨﻘﻀﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺣﺮﻛﺘـﻪ ﻛﺎﻧـﺖ‬
‫ﺧﻠﻒ ﺛﻐﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳚﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻌﻮﻥ ﺗﺮﻙ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻌﻬﻢ ﺧﻮﻓﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜـﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻭﲞﺎﺻﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺧﺎﻟﺪﹰﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺃﺭﺽ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ‪ ،‬ﻛﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﳚﻌـﻞ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺳﻬﻠﺔ ﻭﻳﺘﻨﻘﻞ ﲝﺮﻳﺔ ﻛﺄﻧﻪ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﲟﻨﺎﻭﺭﺓ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻓﺔ ﺍﳋﻄﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــ‬

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‫‪@ ŠflàÇ@č†èž Çfl @¿@pbflyìnÐÛa‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﲑﻣﻮﻙ ‪:‬‬
‫‪-‬ﻣﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﻓﺤﻞ ‪:‬‬
‫‪-‬ﻓﺘﺢ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ‪:‬‬
‫• ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﻉ‬
‫• ﻣﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﻣﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﻭﻓﺘﺢ ﲪﺺ ‪:‬‬
‫• ﻓﺘﺢ ﻗﻨﺴﺮﻳﻦ ‪:‬‬
‫• ﻓﺘﺢ ﺃﺟﻨﺎﺩﻳﻦ ‪:‬‬
‫• ﻓﺘﺢ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺱ ‪:‬‬
‫• ﻓﺘﺢ ﲪﺺ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫• ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺮﺓ ‪:‬‬
‫• ﻓﺘﺢ ﺳﻮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ‪:‬‬
‫• ﻓﺘﺢ ﻣﺼﺮ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﳉﺒﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫‪-‬ﻣﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺎﺭﻕ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﳉﺴﺮ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﺐ ‪:‬‬
‫• ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﳌﺪﺍﺋﻦ ‪:‬‬
‫• ﻓﺘﺢ ﺟﻠﻮﻻﺀ ‪:‬‬
‫• ﻓﺘﺢ ﺣﻠﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫• ‪-‬ﻓﺘﺢ ﺗﻜﺮﻳﺖ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺻﻞ ‪:‬‬
‫• ﻓﺘﺢ ﻣﺎﺳﺒﺬﺍﻥ ‪:‬‬
‫• ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻷﻫﻮﺍﺯ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻮﺣ‪‬ﺎﺕ ﰲ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻬ ِﺪ ﻋﻤ‪‬ﺮ‬

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‫ﻳﺒﺪﻭ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻹِﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﻮﺭﺓ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺣـﺮﻭﺏ ﺍﻟـﺮﺩﺓ ﻭﻗـﺮﺭﺕ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺘﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻤﻴﲔ ﺁﻧﺬﺍﻙ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﳋﻄﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﺑﻜﻞ ﺛﻘﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺟﺒﻬﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺪﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻓﺎﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﺒﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﳊﺮﻛﺔ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﺟﺒﻬﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺒﻘﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺘﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺫﻋﺮ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﻭﺿﻌﻒ ﻣﻌﻨﻮﻱ ﻛـﺒﲑ ﳛـﻮﻝ ﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻫﻢ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺗﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﺒﻬﺘﲔ ﻣﻌﹰﺎ ﺣﻴﺚ ﲣﺎﻑ ﻛﻞ ﺩﻭﻟـﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩﻫﺎ ﻓﻼ ﲢﺮﺹ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﻔﻖ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﻭﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳊﺮﺏ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻊ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﺣﺮﻭﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﺩﺓ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﺳﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﳋﻄﺮ ﺍﻷﻛﱪ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴـﺒﺔ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺇﺫ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻳﺪﻋﻤﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﳛﺎﻭﻟﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﳝﺪﻭﻥ ﻛـﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻨﺒﺊ ﻛﺬﺍﺏ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺮﺗﺪ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺑﻜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﳝﻜﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻋﻢ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﳋﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺀ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﺒﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﺳﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﻭﺍﻓﻘﺖ ﻗﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﻮﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﻠﺐ ﺍﳌﺜﲎ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺎﺭﺛـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺒﺎﱐ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺤﺮﺵ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻭﻣﻨﺎﺯﻟﺘﻬﻢ‪ .‬ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺣـﺮﻭﺏ ﺍﻟـﺮﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻃﻠﺒﺖ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﻟﺪﻋﻢ ﺍﳌﺜﲎ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺎﺭﺛﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻃﻠﺒﺖ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻴﺎﺽ ﺑﻦ‬
‫ﻏﻨﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻋﻄﺘﻪ ﻗﻮﺓ ﻳﺘﺤﺮﻙ ‪‬ﺎ ﳓﻮ ﴰﺎﱄ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻄﺎﻉ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﺘﺼﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﳚﻮﻝ ﺑﺄﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﲡﻮﺱ ﺧﻴﻠﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﺩ ﻭﺟﺰﺀﹰﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺽ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻏﺮﰊ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣـﺎ‬
‫ﺟﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻳﺸﻌﺮﻭﻥ ﺑﻘﻮﺓ ﺍﳉﻴﺶ ﺍﻹِﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﻭﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﻮﻳﺔ ‪ -‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻜﺲ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻳﻈﻨﻮﻥ ‪ -‬ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺟﻌﻠﻬﻢ ﻳﺴﺘﻌﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﲰﺔ ﺍﳌﻘﺒﻠـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺣﺸﺪ ﺍﳉﻨﻮﺩ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﺍﻹِﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﺒﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻣﻴـﺔ ﺗﻘـﻮﻡ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻓﺎﻉ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﻳﺮﺍﺑﻂ ﺑﻘﻮﺍﺗﻪ ﻗﺮﺏ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺳﻴﻄﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺒﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻨﺼ‪‬ﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺎﻟﻔﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ‪ .‬ﰒ ﺟﻬﺰ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﺍﳉﻴﻮﺵ ﻭﺃﺭﺳﻠﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ‪ -‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺭﺃﻳﻨﺎ ‪ -‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻳﺴﺘﻌﺪﻭﻥ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺘﻮﻗﻌﻮﻥ ﺣﺮﺑﹰﺎ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﺷـﺎﻣﻠﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻟﺬﺍ ﻓﻘﺪ ﲨﻌﻮﺍ ﺃﻋﺪﺍﺩﹰﺍ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﻭﺑﻌﺜﻮﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﲡﺎﻩ ﺍﳉﻴﻮﺵ ﺍﻹِﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻧﻘﻞ ﻫﺮﻗﻞ ﻣﻘﺮ‬
‫ﻗﻴﺎﺩﺗﻪ ﺇﱃ ﲪﺺ ﻟﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻘﺮﺑﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺎﺣﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻛﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﳌﺎ ﺭﺃﻯ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻃﻠﺒﻮﺍ ﺍﳌﺪﺩ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻋﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻹِﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻨﻘﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌـﺮﺍﻕ ﺇﱃ‬

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‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﺇﺫ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻀﻌﻒ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﳍﺰﳝﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻣﻨﻮﺍ ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻢ ﲝﺎﺟـ ٍﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻣـﺪﺓ‬
‫ﻟﻼﺳﺘﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻫﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﳋﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﻃﻠﺐ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑـﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﲟﻦ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻣﻌﻪ ﰲ ﳒﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺟﺎﺀﻭﻩ ﺩﻋﻤﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻤﻦ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻟﺪﻋﻢ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﻘﻞ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻭﺟﺮﺕ ﻣﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﲑﻣﻮﻙ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﳌﺴـﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧـﺖ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﺣﺎﲰﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﺗﺒﺪﺃ ﺣﱴ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺁﻟﺖ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻌـﺪ ﺍﻧﺘـﻬﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻗﺪ ﰎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻬﻢ ﻗﺪ ﺣﺼﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗـﺮﺭﻭﺍ ﺗﺼـﻌﻴﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ ﺿﺪ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺟﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻹِﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺗﻄﻠـﺐ ﻣـﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻴـﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻗﺴﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﺑﺈﻣﺮﺓ ﻫﺎﺷﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺘﺒﺔ ﺑـﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻭﻗـﺎﺹ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺇﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﲑ ﰲ ﺟﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻟﻠﺴﲑ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻌـﺮﺍﻕ ﻭﺩﻋـﻢ ﻗـﻮﺓ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻭﺑﺪﺃﺕ ﺍﻻﻣﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺗﺼﻞ‪ ،‬ﻗﻮﺓ ﺇﺛﺮ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ‪ .‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻓﻘـﺪ ﹼﰎ‬
‫ﻃﺮﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﻭﺇ‪‬ﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺰﻧﻄﻲ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﺪ ٍﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺭﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﻧﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﰲ ﺧﻼﻓـﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﺪﺃﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺭﻙ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﰒ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﻠﺖ ﺇﱃ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﺣﱴ ﻗﻀﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﺳﻴﺔ ‪‬ﺎﺋﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻨﺘﻪ ﻋﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﻭﻕ ﺑﻌﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﺎﻧﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻭﻣـﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﳉﺒﻬـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻗﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳉﺒﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻭﴰﺎﱄ ﺇﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺔ ﻭﺟﺰﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻂ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﻋﻬﺪ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺷﺪﻱ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﲑﻣﻮﻙ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﱃ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﰲ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻴﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﺒﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻗﺪ ﲡﻤﻌﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﲑﻣﻮﻙ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﲢﺸﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﺍﳍﺎﺋﻠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﲡﻤﻊ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺩﺭﻋﺎ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﺧﻄﺄ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣـﻦ ﺍﳌـﺆﺭﺧﲔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺠﻌﻠﻮﺍ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﲑﻣﻮﻙ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺻﻠﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﳚﻮﻝ ﰲ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﻌﺔ ﻳﺪﺭﻙ‬
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺴﺤﻴﻖ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻧﹰﺎ ﳌﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺟﻨﺒﺎﺗﻪ ﺳـﺎﺣﺔ‬
‫ﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﻃﻠﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺑﻼﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﲡﻤﻊ ﺟﻨﺪﻫﺎ ﰲ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻳﺴﻬﻞ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻹﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺻﻮﻝ ﺍﻹِﻣﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ‬

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‫ﻭﺳﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺩﻱ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺣﺘﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻘﻠﻮﺍ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳉﻬـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺑﺼﻌﻮﺑﺔ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﳌﺎ ﺃﻣﻜﻦ ﻭﺻﻮﻝ ﺍﻻﻣﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﳌﺎ ﺃﻣﻜﻦ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨـﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﻧﺸﻮﺏ ﺍﳊﺮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﻴﻒ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﳊﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ ﻛﻤـﺎ ﳛﻠـﻮﺍ ﻟـﺒﻌﺾ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺆﺭﺧﲔ ﺃﻥ ﳜﻄﻄﻮﺍ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﳍﺬﺍ ﻛﻠﻪ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺟﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﻣﺆﺧﺮﺓ ﺟﻨـﺪﻫﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸـﻤﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺮﰊ ﻣﻦ ﺩﺭﻋﺎ‪ ،‬ﻟﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﺩﺭﻋﺎ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﹰﺎ ﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻢ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺩﻱ ﺑﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ‪ .‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻗﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﲑﻣﻮﻙ‬
‫ﻼ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﲑﻣﻮﻙ ﻗـﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺑﺼﺮﻯ ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺩﺭﻋﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻝ ﻗﻠﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﻗﻌﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺎﻧﱯ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺭﻭﺍﻓﺪ ﺍﻟﲑﻣﻮﻙ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺇﻣﺎ )ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺎﺩ( ﺃﻭ )ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻖ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻤـﺮ ﺑـﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻴﻤﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻴﺴﺮﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻨﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻘﺮﺑﺔ ﻣﻦ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﲑﻣﻮﻙ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺍﻳﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻴﻤﻨﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﺫ ﺑﻦ ﺟﺒﻞ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻴﺴﺮﺓ ﻧﻔﺎﺛﺔ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﺳـﺎﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻨﺎﱐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻟﺔ ﻫﺎﺷﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺘﺒﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻭﻗﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﻟﺔ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭﻫـﻮ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺸﲑ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺼﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻛﻠﻬﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺭﺃﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﳌﺎ ﺃﻗﺒﻠﺖ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﰲ ﺧﻴﻼﺋﻬﺎ ﻭﻓﺨﺮﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻗﺪ ﺳﺪﺕ ﺃﻗﻄﺎﺭ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﻌﺔ ﺳﻬﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﻭﻋﺮﻫﺎ ﻛﺄ‪‬ﻢ ﻏﻤﺎﻣﺔ ﺳـﻮﺩﺍﺀ ﻳﺼـﻴﺤﻮﻥ ﺑﺄﺻـﻮﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻫﺒﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﻳﺘﻠﻮﻥ ﺍﻻﳒﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﳛﺜﻮ‪‬ﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﺑـﲔ ﻳـﺪﻱ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻴﺶ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﺎﻕ ﺑﻔﺮﺳﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺃﰊ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ‪ :‬ﺇﱐ ﻣﺸﲑ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻗﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻣﺮﻙ ﺍﷲ ﺃﲰﻊ‬
‫ﻟﻚ ﻭﺃﻃﻴﻊ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻡ ﻻ ﺑ ‪‬ﺪ ﳍﻢ ﻣﻦ ﲪﻠﺔ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺔ ﻻ ﳏﻴﺪ ﳍﻢ ﻋﻨـﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﱐ ﺍﺧﺸﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻴﻤﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻴﺴﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻓﺮﻕ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﻓﺮﻗﺘﲔ ﻭﺃﺟﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﻴﻤﻨـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻴﺴﺮﺓ ﺣﱴ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺻﺪ‪‬ﻭﻫﻢ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﳍﻢ ﺭﺩﺀﹰﺍ ﻓﻨﺄﺗﻴﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺭﺍﺋﻬﻢ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ‪ :‬ﻧﻌﻢ ﻣﺎ ﺭﺃﻳـﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﰲ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﳋﻴﻠﲔ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﻴﻤﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻌﻞ ﻗﻴﺲ ﺑﻦ ﻫﺒﲑﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺮ‬
‫ﺃﺑﺎ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺄﺧﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺐ ﺇﱃ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﳉﻴﺶ ﻛﻠﻪ ﺣﱴ ﺍﺫﺍ ﺭﺁﻩ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺰﻡ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻰ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻭﺭﺟﻊ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻓﺠﻌﻞ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺐ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺪ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﺓ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨـﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺳﺎﻕ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﳉﻴﺶ ﻭﻣﻌﻬﻦ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻮﻑ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘـﺎﻝ‬
‫ﳍﻦ ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺭﺃﻳﺘﻤﻮﻩ ﻣﻮﻟﻴﹰﺎ ﻓﺎﻗﺘﻠﻨﻪ‪ .‬ﰒ ﺭﺟﻊ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻮﻗﻔﻪ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻭﳌﺎ ﺗﺮﺍﺀﻯ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺎﻥ ﻭﺗﺒﺎﺭﺯ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﻘﺎﻥ ﻭﻋﻆ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺎﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻧﺼـﺮﻭﺍ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﻳﻨﺼﺮﻛﻢ ﻭﻳﺜﺒﺖ ﺃﻗﺪﺍﻣﻜﻢ‪ ،‬ﻳﺎ ﻣﻌﺸﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺍﺻﱪﻭﺍ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﱪ ﻣﻨﺠﺎﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺮ ﻭﻣﺮﺿـﺎﺓ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺮﺏ ﻭﻣﺪﺣﻀﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﱪﺣﻮﺍ ﻣﺼﺎﻓﻜﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﲣﻄﻮﺍ ﺇﻟـﻴﻬﻢ ﺧﻄـﻮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﺒـﺪﺅﻭﻫﻢ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺷﺮﻋﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺘﺮﻭﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻣﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺼﻤﺖ ﺇﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﷲ ﰲ ﺃﻧﻔﺴﻜﻢ ﺣـﱴ‬
‫ﺁﻣﺮﻛﻢ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﻌﺎﺫ ﺑﻦ ﺟﺒﻞ)‪ (١‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﺠﻌﻞ ﻳﺬﻛﺮﻫﻢ ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻝ ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺃﻫـﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻭﺃﻧﺼﺎﺭ ﺍﳍﺪﻯ ﻭﺍﳊﻖ‪ ،‬ﺇﻥ ﺭﲪﺔ ﺍﷲ ﻻ ﺗﻨﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻨﺘﻪ ﻻ ﺗﺪﺧﻞ ﺑﺎﻷﻣﺎﱐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﻳﺆﰐ ﺍﷲ ﺍﳌﻐﻔﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﲪﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻌﺔ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﻕ ﺍﳌﺼﺪﻕ‪ ،‬ﺃﱂ ﺗﺴﻤﻌﻮﺍ ﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ "ﻭﻋﺪ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺁﻣﻨﻮﺍ ﻣﻨﻜﻢ ﻭﻋﻤﻠﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﳊﺎﺕ ﻟﻴﺴﺘﺨﻠﻔﻨﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﺍﻟـﺬﻳﻦ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻠﻬﻢ ‪ "...‬ﺍﻵﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺳﺘﺤﻴﻮﺍ ‪ -‬ﺭﲪﻜﻢ ﺍﷲ ‪ -‬ﻣﻦ ﺭﺑﻜﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻓﺮﺍﺭﹰﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﻭﻛﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻧﺘﻢ‬
‫ﰲ ﻗﺒﻀﺘﻪ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻜﻢ ﻣﻠﺘﺤﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻭﻧﻪ ﻭﻻ ﻋﺰ ﺑﻐﲑﻩ‪.‬‬
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‫)‪ (١‬ﻣﻌﺎﺫ ﺑﻦ ﺟﺒﻞ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻭﺱ ﺍﻻﻧﺼﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﳋﺰﺭﺟﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻤـﺮﻩ‬
‫ﻳﻮﻡ ﻫﺠﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺼﻄﻔﻰ ﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻓﱴ‪ ،‬ﻭﺁﺧﻰ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺑـﻦ‬
‫ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ‪ ،‬ﺷﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺣﻀﺮ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﺎﳌﹰﺎ ﺑـﺎﳊﻼﻝ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳊﺮﺍﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃﺭﺳﻠﻪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻦ ﻣﺮﺷﺪﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﺧﺮﺝ ﳎﺎﻫﺪﹰﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻊ ﺃﰊ ﻋﺒﻴـﺪﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻔﻪ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺃﺻﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻗﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﺗﻮﰲ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ‪١٨‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻨﺠﺐ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﻏﻀﻮﺍ ﺍﻷﺑﺼﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺟﺜﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺷﺮﻋﻮﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﲪﻠﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ ﻓﺄﻣﻬﻠﻮﻫﻢ ﺣﱴ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﻛﺒﻮﺍ ﺃﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﻷﺳﻨﺔ ﻓﺜﺒﻮﺍ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﻭﺛﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻮﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺮﺿﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻕ ﻭﻳﺜﻴﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﳝﻘﺖ ﺍﻟﻜﺬﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﳚﺰﻱ ﺑﺎﻻﺣﺴﺎﻥ ﺇﺣﺴﺎﻧﹰﺎ ‪ -‬ﻟﻘـﺪ‬
‫ﲰﻌﺖ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺳﻴﻔﺘﺤﻮ‪‬ﺎ ﻛﻔﺮﹰﺍ ﻛﻔﺮﹰﺍ)‪ (١‬ﻭﻗﺼﺮﹰﺍ ﻭﻗﺼﺮﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﻬﻮﻟﻨﻜﻢ ﲨـﻮﻋﻬﻢ ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﻋﺪﺩﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻜﻢ ﻟﻮ ﺻﺪﻗﺘﻤﻮﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﺪ ﺗﻄﺎﻳﺮﻭﺍ ﺗﻄﺎﻳﺮ ﺃﻭﻻﺩ ﺍﳊﺠﻞ‪.‬‬
‫_________________‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺮ ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺰﺭﻋﺔ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﻣﻌﺸﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺃﻧﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﺣﺠﻤﺘﻢ ﰲ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺠﻢ ﻣـﻨﻘﻄﻌﲔ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﻫﻞ‪ ،‬ﻧﺎﺋﲔ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻭﺍﻣﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﺻﺒﺤﺘﻢ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺀ ﻋﺪﻭ ﻛـﺜﲑ‬
‫ﻋﺪﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ ﺣﻨﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻭﺗﺮﲤﻮﻫﻢ ﰲ ﺃﻧﻔﺴﻬﻢ ﻭﺑﻼﺩﻫﻢ ﻭﻧﺴﺎﺋﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﻻ ﻳﻨﺠﻴﻜﻢ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﺑﻜﻢ ﺭﺿﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻏﺪﹰﺍ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺼﺪﻕ ﺍﻟﻠﻘـﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺼـﱪ ﰲ ﺍﳌـﻮﺍﻃﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻜﺮﻭﻫﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻻ ﻭﺇ‪‬ﺎ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻻﺯﻣﺔ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﺭﺍﺀﻛﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻨﻜﻢ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌـﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻭﲨﺎﻋـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺻﺤﺎﺭﻯ ﻭﺑﺮﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﻷﺣﺪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻌﻘﻞ ﻭﻻ ﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﺼﱪ ﻭﺭﺟﺎﺀ ﻣﺎ ﻭﻋﺪ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﺧﲑ ﻣﻌﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻣﺘﻨﻌﻮﺍ ﺑﺴﻴﻮﻓﻜﻢ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﻭﻧﻮﺍ ﻭﻟﺘﻜﻦ ﻫﻲ ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻥ‪ .‬ﰒ ﺫﻫـﺐ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﺴـﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻓﻮﺻ‪‬ﺎﻫﻦ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻋﺎﺩ ﻓﻨﺎﺩﻯ ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﻣﻌﺸﺮ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻹِﺳﻼﻡ ﺣﻀﺮ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺮﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﺭﺳـﻮﻝ ﻭﺍﳉﻨـﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎﻣﻜﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻴﻄﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﺧﻠﻔﻜﻢ‪ .‬ﰒ ﺳﺎﺭ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻮﻗﻔﻪ ﺭﲪﻪ ﺍﷲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﻭﻋﻆ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ ﻓﺠﻌﻞ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ‪ :‬ﺳﺎﺭﻋﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﲔ ﻭﺟﻮﺍﺭ ﺭﺑﻜﻢ ﻋﺰ‬
‫ﻭﺟﻞ ﰲ ﺟﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﻣﺎ ﺃﻧﺘﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺭﺑﻜﻢ ﰲ ﻣﻮﻃﻦ ﺑﺄﺣﺐ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﻨﻜﻢ ﰲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌـﻮﻃﻦ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﻻ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻟﻠﺼﺎﺑﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﻀﻠﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﳌﺎ ﺗﻘﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ ﻭﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﻣﻌﻬﻤﺎ ﺿﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻷﺯﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﺎﺭﺙ‬
‫ﺑﻦ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺟﻨﺪﻝ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻬﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻌﺴﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﺎﺩﻭﺍ ‪ :‬ﺇﳕﺎ ﻧﺮﻳﺪ ﺃﻣﲑﻛـﻢ‬
‫ﻟﻨﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺫﻥ ﳍﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻫﻮ ﺟﺎﻟﺲ ﰲ ﺧﻴﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺮﻳﺮ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ‪ :‬ﻻ‬
‫ﻧﺴﺘﺤﻞ ﺩﺧﻮﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻣﺮ ﳍﻢ ﺑﻔﺮﺵ ﺑﺴﻂ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺮﻳﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮﺍ ‪ :‬ﻻ ﳒﻠﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫـﺬﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺠﻠـﺲ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻬﻢ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﺣﺒﻮﺍ ‪ ...‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﺭﺿﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻻ ﻳﻘﺒﻠﻮﻥ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻬﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﺸﻲﺀ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺣﺮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﷲ ﻣﻬﻤﺎ ﻗﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻊ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻠﺒﺎﺱ ﺇﻻ ﺃ‪‬ﻢ ﺭﻏﺒﻮﺍ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﺧـﺬﻭﺍ ﺃﻧﻔﺴـﻬﻢ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻓﺾ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﻭﺃﻣﺜﺎﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺟﻌﻠﻬﻢ ﻳﻌﻈﻤـﻮﻥ ﰲ ﻋـﲔ ﺃﻋـﺪﺍﺋﻬﻢ‬
‫ﻓﻴﺴﺎﻳﺮﻭﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺮﺗﻔﻌﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺃﻧﻔﺴﻬﻢ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﻭﺿﻌﻬﻢ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻭﺿﻌﻮﺍ ﻫﻢ ﺃﻧﻔﺴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﲤﻴـﺰﻭﺍ‬
‫ﺑﺸﺨﺼﻴﺘﻬﻢ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﳍﻢ ﻣﺎ ﲤﻨﻮﺍ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻋﺪﺍﺀ ‪ :‬ﺍﻹِﺳﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻌﻨﺖ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻻﺑ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻭﻃﻠﺐ ﻣﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﺧﺎﻟﺪﹰﺍ ﻟﻴﱪﺯ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﲔ ﻓﻴﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎ ﰲ ﻣﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﳍﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﻣﺎﻫـﺎﻥ‪:‬‬
‫ﺇﻧﺎ ﻗﺪ ﻋﻠﻤﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻜﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻼﺩﻛﻢ ﺍﳉﻬﺪ ﻭﺍﳉﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻠﻤﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻋﻄﻲ ﻛﻞ ﺭﺟـﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻜﻢ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺩﻧﺎﻧﲑ ﻭﻛﺴﻮﺓ ﻭﻃﻌﺎﻣﹰﺎ ﻭﺗﺮﺟﻌﻮﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻼﺩﻛﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻘﺒﻞ ﺑﻌﺜﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻜﻢ ﲟﺜﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ‪ :‬ﺇﻧﻪ ﱂ ﳜﺮﺟﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻼﺩﻧﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺫﻛﺮﺕ‪ ،‬ﻏﲑ ﺃﻧﺎ ﻗﻮﻡ ﻧﺸﺮﺏ ﺍﻟـﺪﻣﺎﺀ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻧﻪ ﺑﻠﻐﻨﺎ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﺩﻡ ﺃﻃﻴﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﺠﺌﻨﺎ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﻣﺎﻫﺎﻥ ‪ :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻛﻨﺎ ﳓﺪﺙ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﺑﻌﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﲤﻴﺖ ﻣﻌﻨﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳋﺼﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻜﺮﻣﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺟﻬﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻌﻘﺎﻉ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ‪ -‬ﻭﳘﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳎﻨﺒﱵ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺐ ‪-‬ﺃﺷﺎﺭ‬
‫ﳍﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﺸﺒﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺑﺪﺃﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻛﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺃﻭﺍﺋﻞ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺭﺟﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴـﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﲪﻠﺖ ﻣﻴﺴﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻴﻤﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻓﻤﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻠـﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﺫ ﺑﻦ ﺟﺒﻞ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺯﻟﺰﻝ ﺃﻗﺪﺍﻣﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺭﻋﺐ ﻗﻠﻮ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻧﺰﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻴﻨﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻟﺰﻣﻨﺎ ﺣﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺒﺐ ﺇﻟﻴﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻠﻘﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺭﺿﻨﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻧﻜﺸﻔﺖ ﺯﺑﻴـﺪ‪ ،‬ﰒ‬
‫ﺗﻨﺎﺩﻭﺍ ﻓﺘﺮﺍﺟﻌﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﲪﻠﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﻭﺃﺷﻐﻠﻮﻫﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺗﺒﺎﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻧﻜﺸﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺩﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﻓﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻌﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻜﺮﻣﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺟﻬﻞ ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﺗﻠﺖ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ  ﰲ ﻣﻮﺍﻃﻦ ﻭﺃﻓﺮ ﻣﻨﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ؟ ﰒ ﻧـﺎﺩﻯ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻳﺒﺎﻳﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ ؟ ﻓﺒﺎﻳﻌﻪ ﺿﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻷﺯﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﺎﺭﺙ ﺑﻦ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﻋﻢ ﻋﻜﺮﻣﺔ ﻭﻋﺪﺩ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻭﻭﺻﻞ ﻋﺪﺩﻫﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻋﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﺗﻠﻮﺍ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﻓﺴﻄﺎﻁ ﺧﺎﻟـﺪ‬
‫ﺣﱴ ﺃﺛﺒﺘﻮﺍ ﲨﻴﻌﹰﺎ ﺟﺮﺣﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺘﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻛﺒﲑ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺿﺮﺍﺭ ﺑـﻦ ﺍﻷﺯﻭﺭ‪ .‬ﻭﻳـﺬﻛﺮ ﺃ‪‬ـﻢ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺴﻘﻮﺍ ﻣﺎﺀ ﻭﻫﻢ ﺟﺮﺣﻰ ﻓﺠﻲﺀ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﺑﺸﺮﺑﺔ ﻣﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻗﺮﺑﺖ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺣﺪﻫﻢ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺍﺩﻓﻌﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺩﻓﻌﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺍﺩﻓﻌﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﺪﺍﻓﻌﻮﻫﺎ ﻛﻠـﻬﻢ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺇﱃ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺣﱴ ﻣﺎﺗﻮﺍ ﲨﻴﻌﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺸﺮ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﰒ ﲪﻞ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﳋﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻴﺴﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲪﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻴﻤﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺯﺍﻟﻮﻫﻢ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﰲ ﲪﻠﺘﻬﻢ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺳﺘﺔ ﺁﻻﻑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﲪﻞ ﲟﺎﺋﺔ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﺮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﺃﻟﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﻓﺎ‪‬ﺰﻣﻮﺍ ﺃﻣﺎﻣﻬﻢ ﺑﺈﺫﻥ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺒﻌﻬﻢ ‪ ...‬ﻭﳌﺎ ﻋﺎﺩ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ‬

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‫ﻣﻦ ﲪﻠﺘﻬﻢ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﱪﻳﺪ ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺫﻛﺮﻧﺎ ‪ -‬ﳛﻤﻞ ﻭﻓﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﻭﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﺗﻮﻟﻴﺔ ﺃﰊ ﻋﺒﻴـﺪﺓ‬
‫ﺇﻣﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺃﻣﺮﺍﺋﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺎﺭ ﻭﻫﻮ )ﺟﺮﺟﻪ( ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺪﻋﻰ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺇﱃ ﺑﲔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﻮﻑ ﺣﱴ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻔﺖ ﺃﻋﻨﺎﻕ ﻓﺮﺳﻴﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺟﺮﺟﺔ ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺃﺧـﱪﱐ ﻓﺎﺻـﺪﻗﲏ ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﺗﻜﺬﺑﲏ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﳊﺮ ﻻ ﻳﻜﺬﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﲣﺎﺩﻋﲏ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﻻ ﳜﺎﺩﻉ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺮﺳﻞ ﺑﺎﷲ‪ ،‬ﻫﻞ ﺃﻧـﺰﻝ‬
‫ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺒﻴﻜﻢ ﺳﻴﻔﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﻓﺄﻋﻄﺎﻛﻪ ﻓﻼ ﺗﺴﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺇﻻ ﻫﺰﻣﺘﻬﻢ ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻗﺎﻝ‬
‫‪ :‬ﻓﺒﻢ ﲰﻴﺖ ﺳﻴﻒ ﺍﷲ ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻌﺚ ﻓﻴﻨﺎ ﻧﺒﻴﻪ ﻓﺪﻋﺎﻧﺎ ﻓﻨﻔﺮﻧﺎ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻭﻧﺄﻳﻨﺎ ﻋﻨﻪ ﲨﻴﻌﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﰒ‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺑﻌﻀﻨﺎ ﺻﺪﻗﻪ ﻭﺗﺎﺑﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻌﻀﻨﺎ ﻛﺬﺑﻪ ﻭﺑﺎﻋﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﻨﺖ ﻓﻴﻤﻦ ﻛﺬﺑﻪ ﻭﺑﺎﻋﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺇﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺃﺧﺬ‬
‫ﺑﻘﻠﻮﺑﻨﺎ ﻭﻧﻮﺍﺻﻴﻨﺎ ﻓﻬﺪﺍﻧﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺑﺎﻳﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﱄ ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﺖ ﺳﻴﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻴﻮﻑ ﺍﷲ ﺳﻠﹼﻪ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻛﲔ‪ .‬ﻭﺩﻋﺎ ﱄ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﻤﻴﺖ ﺳﻴﻒ ﺍﷲ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﺄﻧﺎ ﺃﺷﺪ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻛﲔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺟﺮﺟﻪ ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺪﻋﻮﻥ ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺇﱃ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺃﻥ ﳏﻤﺪﹰﺍ ﻋﺒﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﻭﺍﻹِﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﲟﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﱂ ﳚﺒﻜﻢ ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻓﺎﳉﺰﻳـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﳕﻨﻌﻬﻢ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻌﻄﻬﺎ ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻧﺆﺫﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﳊﺮﺏ ﰒ ﻧﻘﺎﺗﻠﻪ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﻣﱰﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﳚﻴﺒﻜﻢ‬
‫ﻭﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻣﱰﻟﺘﻨﺎ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺍﻓﺘﺮﺽ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﺷﺮﻳﻔﻨﺎ ﻭﻭﺿﻴﻌﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻭﻟﻨﺎ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻧﺎ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺟﺮﺟﻪ‪ :‬ﻓﻠﻤﻦ ﺩﺧﻞ ﻓﻴﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺟﺮ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻟﻜﻢ ﻣـﻦ ﺍﻷﺟـﺮ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺬﺧﺮ ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻧﻌﻢ ﻭﺃﻓﻀﻞ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻭﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺴﺎﻭﻳﻜﻢ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺳﺒﻘﺘﻤﻮﻩ ؟ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ‪ :‬ﺇﻧﺎ ﻗﺒﻠﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﺎﻳﻌﻨﺎ ﻧﺒﻴﻨﺎ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺣﻲ ﺑﲔ ﺃﻇﻬﺮﻧﺎ ﺗﺄﺗﻴﻪ ﺃﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﳜﱪﻧـﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺘـﺎﺏ‬
‫ﻭﻳﺮﻳﻨﺎ ﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻖ ﳌﻦ ﺭﺃﻯ ﻣﺎ ﺭﺃﻳﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﲰﻊ ﻣﺎ ﲰﻌﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﻠﻢ ﻭﻳﺒﺎﻳﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻧﻜﻢ ﺃﻧﺘﻢ ﱂ ﺗﺮﻭﺍ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﺭﺃﻳﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﺗﺴﻤﻌﻮﺍ ﻣﺎ ﲰﻌﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺠﺎﺋﺐ ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺞ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﺩﺧﻞ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣـﺮ ﻣـﻨﻜﻢ‬
‫ﲝﻘﻴﻘ ٍﺔ ﻭﻧﻴ ٍﺔ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺟﺮﺟﻪ ‪ :‬ﺑﺎﷲ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺻﺪﻗﺘﲏ ﻭﱂ ﲣﺎﺩﻋﲏ ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺗﺎﷲ ﻟﻘﺪ‬
‫ﺻﺪﻗﺘﻚ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻭﱄ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺄﻟﺖ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ .‬ﻓﻌﻨﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻗﻠﺐ ﺟﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺱ ﻭﻣﺎﻝ ﻣﻊ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻤﲏ ﺍﻹِﺳﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺇﱃ ﻓﺴﻄﺎﻃﻪ ﻓﺴﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﺮﺑﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﺀ ﰒ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻛﻌﺘﲔ ‪...‬‬
‫ﻓﺤﻤﻠﺖ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﲪﻠﺔ ﺃﺯﺍﻟﻮﺍ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻌﻬﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌـﺪﺍﻓﻌﲔ‬
‫ﺃﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﻋﻜﺮﻣﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺟﻬﻞ ﻭﻋﻤﻪ ﺍﳊﺎﺭﺙ ﺑﻦ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻭﲪﻞ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﻭﺟﺮﺟﻪ ﺑﺎﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﺣﱴ ﻫﺰﻣﻮﻫﻢ ﺑﺈﺫﻥ ﺍﷲ ‪ ...‬ﻭﻗﺘﻞ ﺟﺮﺟﻪ ﺭﲪـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﷲ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺼﻞ ﺳﻮﻯ ﻫﺎﺗﲔ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻌﺘﲔ ﻣﻊ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﻳﻮﻣﺬﺍﻙ ﺻـﻼﺓ ﺍﻟﻈﻬـﺮ‬
‫ﻼ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻮﺻﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻘﻂ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺭﺑﻄﻮﺍ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﺇﳝﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺧ‪‬ﺮﻭﺍ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺎﺀﻳﻦ‪ .‬ﻭﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﻟﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﺃﻧﻔﺴﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻼﺳﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﳑﻦ ﺷﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﲑﻣﻮﻙ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻡ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻓﻀـﻞ ﻣـﻦ ﻫﻨـﺎﻙ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺷﺠﻌﺎ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺑﻄﺎﻝ ﻳﻮﻣﺌﺬ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮﺍ‬
‫‪ :‬ﺃﻻ ﲢﻤﻞ ﻓﻨﺤﻤﻞ ﻣﻌﻚ ؟ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺇﻧﻜﻢ ﻻ ﺗﺜﺒﺘﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮﺍ ‪ :‬ﺑﻠﻰ ﻓﺤﻤﻞ ﻭﲪﻠـﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤـﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺟﻬﻮﺍ ﺻﻔﻮﻑ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﺃﺣﺠﻤﻮﺍ ﻭﺃﻗﺪﻡ ﻫﻮ ﻓﺎﺧﺘﺮﻕ ﺻﻔﻮﻑ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﺣﱴ ﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺎﻧـﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﻭﻋﺎﺩ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ‪ .‬ﰒ ﺟﺎﺀﻭﺍ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﺮﺓ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻔﻌﻞ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻓﻌﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪ ،‬ﺟﺮﺡ ﻳﻮﻣﺌـﺬ‬
‫ﺟﺮﺣﲔ ﰲ ﻛﺘﻔﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺘﻞ ﻋﻜﺮﻣﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺟﻬﻞ ﻭﻋﻤﻪ ﺍﳊﺎﺭﺙ ﺑﻦ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﻋﻤـﺮﻭ ﺑـﻦ‬
‫ﻋﻜﺮﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻠﻤﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺑﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻤﺮﻭ‬
‫ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﻔﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺳﻲ‪ .‬ﻭﺍ‪‬ﺰﻡ ﻳﻮﻣﺬﺍﻙ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﰲ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺣﱴ ﻭﺻـﻠﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﻓﺰﺟﺮ‪‬ﻢ ﻓﻌﺎﺩﻭﺍ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻧﻜﺸﻒ ﺷﺮﺣﺒﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺴﻨﺔ ﻭﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ ﻓﺘﺮﺍﺟﻌﻮﺍ ﻓﻮﻋﻈﻬﻢ ﺍﻷﻣـﲑ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺟﻌﻮﺍ‪ .‬ﻭﺛﺒﺖ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﻗﺎﺗﻞ ﻗﺘﺎ ﹰﻻ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺑﺎﻩ ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ‪ :‬ﻳـﺎ‬
‫ﺑﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺑﺘﻘﻮﻯ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﱪ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺭﺣﻞ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺩﻱ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺇﻻ ﳏﻔﻮﻓﹰﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺘـﺎﻝ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻜﻴﻒ ﺑﻚ ﻭﺑﺄﺷﺒﺎﻫﻚ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻭﻟﹼﻮﺍ ﺃﻣﻮﺭ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ؟ ﺃﻭﻟﺌﻚ ﺃﺣﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﱪ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺼـﻴﺤﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﺗﻖ ﺍﷲ ﻳﺎ ﺑﲏ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻧﻦ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻚ ﺑﺄﺭﻏﺐ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺟﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﱪ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺮﺏ ﻭﻻ ﺃﺟﺮﺃ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪﻭ ﺍﻹِﺳﻼﻡ ﻣﻨﻚ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺍﻓﻌﻞ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﺗﻞ ﻳﻮﻣﺌﺬ ﻗﺘﺎ ﹰﻻ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﹰﺍ ﻭﻛـﺎﻥ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺐ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﻭﻯ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﺐ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻫﺪﺃﺕ ﺍﻷﺻﻮﺍﺕ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﲑﻣﻮﻙ ﻓﺴﻤﻌﻨﺎ ﺻﻮﺗﹰﺎ ﻳﻜﺎﺩ‬
‫ﳝﻸ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﻧﺼﺮ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻗﺘﺮﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻌﺸﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻓﻨﻈﺮﻧـﺎ‬
‫ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻫﻮ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﲢﺖ ﺭﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﺑﻨﻪ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﻭﻱ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﺷﺘﺮ ﻗﺪ ﺷﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﲑﻣﻮﻙ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺸﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺳﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺨﺮﺝ ﻳﻮﻣﺌ ٍﺬ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻣـﻦ ﺍﻟـﺮﻭﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻳﺒﺎﺭﺯ ؟ ﻓﺨﺮﺝ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻷﺷﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺧﺘﻠﻔﺎ ﺿﺮﺑﺘﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻠﺮﻭﻣﻲ ‪ :‬ﺧﺬﻫﺎ ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﺍﻟﻐـﻼﻡ‬

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‫ﺍﻻﻳﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻣﻲ‪ :‬ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﷲ ﰲ ﻗﻮﻣﻚ ﻣﺜﻠﻚ ﺃﻣﺎ ﻭﺍﷲ ﻟﻮ ﺃﻧﻚ ﻣـﻦ ﻗـﻮﻣﻲ ﻵﺯﺭﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﺍﻵﻥ ﻓﻼ ﺃﻋﻴﻨﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﻭﻱ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺮﻗﻞ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻧﻄﺎﻛﻴﺔ ﳌﺎ ﻗﺪﻣﺖ ﻣﻨﻬﺰﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ‪ :‬ﻭﻳﻠﻜﻢ ﺃﺧـﱪﻭﱐ ﻋـﻦ‬
‫ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻘﺎﺗﻠﻮﻧﻜﻢ ﺃﻟﻴﺴﻮﺍ ﺑﺸﺮﹰﺍ ﻣﺜﻠﻜﻢ ؟ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ ‪ :‬ﺑﻠﻰ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻓﺄﻧﺘﻢ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺃﻡ ﻫﻢ ؟‬
‫ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ ‪ :‬ﺑﻞ ﳓﻦ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺃﺿﻌﺎﻓﹰﺎ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻮﻃﻦ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻢ ﺗﻨﻬﺰﻣﻮﻥ ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺷـﻴﺦ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻋﻈﻤﺎﺋﻬﻢ ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺃ‪‬ﻢ ﻳﻘﻮﻣﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﻳﺼﻮﻣﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻮﻓﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻬﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳـﺄﻣﺮﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺮﻭﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻨﻬﻮﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﻜﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺘﻨﺎﺻﻔﻮﻥ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺃﻧﺎ ﻧﺸﺮﺏ ﺍﳋﻤـﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧـﺰﱐ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻧﺮﻛﺐ ﺍﳊﺮﺍﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﻨﻘﺾ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﻐﻀﺐ ﻭﻧﻈﻠﻢ ﻭﻧﺄﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﺨﻂ ﻭﻧﻨﻬﻰ ﻋﻤﺎ ﻳﺮﺿـﻲ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﻭﻧﻔﺴﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﺖ ﺻﺪﻗﺘﲏ‪.‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﺮﺑﻴﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻀﺎﻋﺔ ﻋﻴﻨـﹰﺎ ﻟـﻪ ﺑـﲔ‬‫ﻭﺭﻭﻱ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺃﻣﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﻭﻫﻮ )ﺍﻟ ﹸﻘﺒ‪‬ﻘﻼﺭ( ﺑﻌﺚ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ‪ :‬ﺍﺩﺧﻞ ﰲ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻡ ﻓﺄﻗﻢ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﻳﻮﻣﹰﺎ ﻭﻟﻴﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺍﺋﺘﲏ ﲞﱪﻫﻢ‪ .‬ﻗـﺎﻝ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﺪﺧﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻋﺮﰊ ﻻ ﻳﻨﻜﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻗﺎﻡ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﻳﻮﻣﹰﺎ ﻭﻟﻴﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺃﺗﺎﻩ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻭﺭﺍﺀﻙ ؟‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﺭﻫﺒﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺳﺮﻕ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﻠﻜﻬﻢ ﻗﻄﻌﻮﺍ ﻳﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺯﱏ ﺭﺟـﻢ‪،‬‬
‫ﻹِﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﳊﻖ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻘﻼﺭ ‪ :‬ﻟﺌﻦ ﺻﺪﻗﺘﲏ ﻟﺒﻄﻦ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺧﲑ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻘﺎﺀ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﻇﻬﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮﺩﺩﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺣﻈﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻥ ﳜﻠﻲ ﺑﻴﲏ ﻭﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﻨﺼﺮﱐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻨﺼﺮﻫﻢ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻘﺪ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻋﻴﻮ‪‬ﻢ ﰲ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﲑﻣﻮﻙ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﻓﻘـﺪﻩ ﻋﻴﻨـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺣﻨﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﲑﻣﻮﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺎﺵ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﺿﺮﻳﺮﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻐﲑﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺷﻌﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺎﺷﻢ ﺑـﻦ‬
‫ﻋﺘﺒﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻭﻗﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﺷﻌﺚ ﺑﻦ ﻗﻴﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﺪ ﻳﻜﺮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﺲ ﺑـﻦ ﺍﳌﻜﺸـﻮﺡ‬
‫ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﲑﻣﻮﻙ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻓﺮ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺎﺑﻌﻬﻢ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﺻﺎﱀ ﺃﻫـﻞ ﺩﻣﺸـﻖ ﻭﺃﻫـﻞ‬
‫ﲪﺺ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺧﻠﺖ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻨﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺮﻗﻞ ﻗﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻘـﺮﻩ ﰲ‬
‫ﲪﺺ ﺇﱃ ﺇﻧﻄﺎﻛﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﲣﺬﻫﺎ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﻟﻪ ﻳﺴﲑ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﳉﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺼﺪﺭ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻣﺮ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻘﻞ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ ﺑﺎﳉﻴﺶ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﲑﻣﻮﻙ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺮ ﺑﺒﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﻴﺶ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﱂ ﻳﻼﺣﻖ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﺮﺝ ﻭﺻﻞ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﳋﱪ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﻗﺪ ﲡﻤﻌﻮﺍ ﺑﻔﺤﻞ ﺑﻐﻮﺭ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﻻ ﻳﺪﺭﻱ ﺑﺄﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻦ ﻳﺒﺪﺃ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﺪﻣﺸﻖ ﻭﻳﺘﺮﻛ ‪‬ﺰ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻡ ﻳﻌﻮﺩ ﺇﱃ ﻓﺤﻞ ؟ ﻓﻜﺘﺐ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌـﺆﻣﻨﲔ‬
‫ﻳﺼﻒ ﻟﻪ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺸﲑﻩ ﺑﺎﻷﻣﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﺑﺪﺃ ﺑﺪﻣﺸـﻖ ﻓﺈ‪‬ـﺎ‬
‫ﺣﺼﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻭﺑﻴﺖ ﳑﻠﻜﺘﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎ‪‬ﺪ ﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺷﻐﻠﻮﺍ ﻋﻨﻜﻢ ﺃﻫﻞ ﻓﺤﻞ ﲞﻴﻮﻝ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺗﻠﻘـﺎﺀﻫﻢ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﻓﺘﺤﻬﺎ ﺍﷲ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ﻓﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳓﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻓﺘﺤﺖ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﺴﺮ ﺃﻧـﺖ ﻭﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻚ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ ﻓﺤﻞ ﻓﺴﺮ ﺃﻧﺖ ﻭﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺇﱃ ﲪﺺ ﻭﺍﺗﺮﻙ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺮﹰﺍ ﻭ ﺷﺮﺣﺒﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ ﻭﻓﻠﺴﻄﲔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﻓﺤﻞ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺶ ﺇﱃ ﻓﺤﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﺟﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﻳﻘﺎﺭﺑﻮﻥ ﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﺃﻟﻔـﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗـﺪ‬
‫ﺨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺚ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺑﻦ ‪‬ﻣ ِ‬
‫ﻃﻮﻓﻮﺍ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺍﺳﺘﻄﺎﻋﻮﺍ ﺑﺈﺫﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺇﺣﺮﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺮ ﻭﺩﺧﻮﻝ )ﻓﺤﻞ( ﻭ‬
‫)ﺑﻴﺴﺎﻥ(‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺘﺢ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺍﻷﻋﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻤﻲ ﺇﱃ ﻃﱪﻳﺎ ﻟﻴﻔﺘﺤﻬﺎ ﻭﻟﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﺭﺩﺀﹰﺍ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﻬﲔ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﻼ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻭﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﻣﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺭﻭﻣﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻧﻘﺾ ﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺢ ﺑﻌـﺪ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﻣﺸﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺎﺋ ﹰ‬
‫ﺭﺃﻭﺍ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﻻ ﺗﺰﺍﻝ ﳍﻢ ﻗﻮﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﳉﻨﻮﺑﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺃﻫﻞ ﲪﺺ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺒﺪﻭ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻨـﺎﻃﻖ‬
‫ﻼ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻘﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺴـﻜﺎﻥ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺳـﺘﺜﻨﻴﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻼﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺳﻬ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺪﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﳉﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﳍﺎ ﺃﺛﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺢ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻮﻑ ﻭﻣﻐﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﲔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘـﺔ ﺍﳉﻨﻮﺑﻴـﺔ ﻛـﺜﲑﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﳋﺼﻮﺑﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺱ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺑﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﲏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻓﺎﻉ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻳﻜـﻮﻥ ﻛـﺒﲑﹰﺍ‬
‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺟﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺇﺿـﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﻗﺴﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺑﻼﺩﻫﻢ ﺍﳉﺒﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺮﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﳉﺮﺍﲨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫـﻢ ﻣـﻦ ﻗـﺪﺍﻣﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻘﺎﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻟﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﳍﻢ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺳﺎﺭ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ ﺑﺎﲡﺎﻩ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺟﻌﻞ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺎﺭ ﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻴﺴـﺮﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻴﻤﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻴﺎﺽ ﺑﻦ ﻏﻨﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺷﺮﺣﺒﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺴﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻟﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺑﻌﺚ ﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻉ ﰲ ﻓﺮﻗﺔ ﻟﺘﺮﺍﺑﻂ ﺑﲔ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ﻭﲪﺺ ﻟﺘﺤﻮﻝ ﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺻﻮﻝ ﺍﻻﻣﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺇﱃ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺟﻌﻞ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺩﺍﺀ ﰲ ﻓﺮﻗـﺔ ﺃﺧـﺮﻯ‬
‫ﻟﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺑﺮﺯﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻘﺮﺑﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ﺭﺩﺀﹰﺍ ﻟﻠﺠﻴﺶ ﺍﻹِﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳛﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﻌﺚ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ ﻃﻠﻴﻌﺔ ﺗﺘﺄﻟﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺃﺣﺪﻫﻢ ﻭﺃﻣﲑﻫﻢ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺃﻣﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻫﻠﻲ ﺍﻟـﺬﻱ‬
‫ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ‪ :‬ﻓﺴﺮﺕ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻛﻨﺎ ﺑﺒﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺮﺕ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻤﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻌـﺪ ﻣﺴـﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻣﺮﺕ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﻓﻜﻤﻦ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻭﺳﺮﺕ ﺃﻧﺎ ﻭﺣﺪﻱ ﺣﱴ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻐﻠﻖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﻟـﻴﺲ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺃﺣﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﱰﻟﺖ ﻭﻏﺮﺯﺕ ﺭﳏﻲ ﺑﺎﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﻧﺰﻋﺖ ﳉﺎﻡ ﻓﺮﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻘـﺖ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ ﳐﻼﺗـﻪ‬
‫ﻭﳕﺖ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺎﺡ ﻗﻤﺖ ﻓﺘﻮﺿﺄﺕ ﻭﺻﻠﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺑﻘﻌﻘﻊ ﻓﻠﻤـﺎ‬
‫ﻓﺘﺢ ﲪﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺍﺏ ﻓﻄﻌﻨﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﺢ ﻓﻘﺘﻠﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺭﺟﻌﺖ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﻠﺐ ﻭﺭﺍﺋﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻴﻨﺎ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﰊ ﻇﻨﻮﺍ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﻤﲔ ﻓﺮﺟﻌﻮﺍ ﻋﲏ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺳﺮﻧﺎ ﺣـﱴ ﺃﺧـﺬﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﻭﺟﺌﺖ ﺇﱃ ﺃﰊ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ ﻓﺄﺧﱪﺗﻪ ﲟﺎ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻗﺎﻡ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ ﻳﻨﺘﻈﺮ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻋﻤـﺮ ﻓﻴﻤـﺎ‬
‫ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ‪ ،‬ﻓﺠﺎﺀﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻳﺄﻣﺮﻩ ﺑﺎﳌﺴﲑ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﺎﺭﻭﺍ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺣﱴ ﺃﺣﺎﻃﻮﺍ ‪‬ـﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﲑﻣﻮﻙ ﺑﺸﲑ ﺑﻦ ﻛﻌﺐ ﰲ ﺧﻴﻞ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﺷﻚ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺳﺒﺐ ﻧﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺎﺭﻛﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺧﺎﺿﻮﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺿﺪ ﺃﻋﺪﺍﺋﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻠﺘﻬﻢ ﻭﻗﻠﺔ ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻹِﳝﺎﻥ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻄﺎﻉ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﰊ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻠﻴﻞ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺃﻣﺎﻣﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻄﻠﻖ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩﹰﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﻴﺖ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﻭﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻣﻄﻤﺌﻨـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻓﻜﺮﻩ ﻣﺮﺗﺎﺣﹰﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺳﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﻓﻴﺘﻮﺿﺄ ﻭﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﺘﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺍﺏ ﻭﻳﻨﻄﻠﻖ ‪...‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺭﻋﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺧﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺿﻌﻒ ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺇﺫ ﺷﻌﺮﻭﺍ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻐـﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻗـﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺪﺃﺕ ﺗﺼﻞ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻏـﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻳﻐـﲑ ﻭﻳﻘﺘـﻞ‬
‫ﻭﻳﻨﺼﺮﻑ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺒﺎﱄ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻄﻠﻖ ﺍﳉﻴﺶ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﳓﻮ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ‪ ،‬ﻓﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﻐﻮﻃﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺘﻠﻬﺎ ﻛﻲ ﻻ ﻳﺄﻣـﻞ ﺃﻫـﻞ ﺩﻣﺸـﻖ‬
‫ﲟﺴﺎﻋﺪﺍﺕ ﻭﲤﻮﻳﻨﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺻﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻕ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﻮﺯﻉ ﳛﺎﺻﺮﻫﺎ ﺣﺴـﺐ‬

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‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺴﲑ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻠﺐ ﺍﳉﻴﺶ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒـﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺸـﺮﻗﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺣﱴ ﺑﺎﺏ ﻛﻴﺴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﳌﻴﺴﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ‪ ،‬ﻓﱰﻝ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑ ﻭﺇﱃ ﺑﺎﺏ ﻛﻴﺴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﺰﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﳉﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺏ ﻭﺣﱴ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑ‪ .‬ﻭﺳﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﳌﻴﻤﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﴰﺎﱄ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ﻓﱰﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺗﻮﻣـﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻧﺰﻝ ﺷﺮﺣﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺴﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺩﻳﺲ ﻭﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﺣﺼﺎﺭ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺷﻌﺮ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻻﻣﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺼﻞ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺟﺎﺀ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﱪﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﺳﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﺼﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺎﱄ ﻭﻟﺪ ﻟﺒﻄﺮﻳـﻖ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨـﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻮﻟﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻗﺎﻡ ﻭﻟﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﻟﻠﺠﻨﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻓﺒﺎﺗﻮﺍ ﻟﻴﻠﺘﻬﻢ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺳﻜﺎﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺷﻌﺮ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑـﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴـﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺿﻌﻒ ﻗﺘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺍﺭ ﻭﻗﻠﺔ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻼ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻨﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻋﻨـﺪﻩ‬‫ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﺻﻠﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﲔ ﻳﻘﻈﺔ ﻻ ﻳﻨﺎﻡ ﺇﻻ ﻗﻠﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﺳﻼﱂ ﻣﻬﻴﺄﺓ‪ .‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺃﺣﺲ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﺳﺘﺪﻋﻰ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻡ ﺃﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﻌﻘﺎﻉ ﺑـﻦ ﻋﻤـﺮﻭ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﺬﻋﻮﺭ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺣﻀﺮ ﺟﻨﺪﻩ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﳍﻢ ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﲰﻌﺘﻢ ﺗﻜﺒﲑﻧﺎ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺴـﻮﺭ‬
‫ﻓﺎﺭﻗﻮﺍ ﺇﻟﻴﻨﺎ‪ .‬ﰒ ﺇﻧﻪ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺍﳋﻨﺪﻕ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻭﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ ﺳﺒﺎﺣﺔ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻭﺿـﻌﻮﺍ ﻗﺮﺑـﹰﺎ ﰲ ﺃﻋﻨـﺎﻗﻬﻢ‬
‫ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪﻫﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﺣﺔ‪ .‬ﺇﺫ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﳋﻨﺎﺩﻕ ﲢﻴﻂ ﺑﺪﻣﺸﻖ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﻠﻴﺌﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﺎﺀ ﻋـﺪﺍ ﺍﳉﻬـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻛﺎﻥ ‪‬ﺮ ﺑﺮﺩﻯ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻳﻌﺪ ﲟﺜﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﳋﻨﺪﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﻔﺎﻓﻪ ﻳﺘﻌـﺮﺝ‬
‫ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍ‪‬ﺮﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﲔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺍﺭ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﺗﺴﲑ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺛﺒﺖ‬
‫ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﻭﺻﺤﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﱂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺮﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﻌﺪﻭﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺻﺎﺭﻭﺍ ﺃﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﻟﺴـﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺭﻓﻌﻮﺍ ﺃﺻﻮﺍ‪‬ﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑ ﻹﺭﻫﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭ ﻭﻧﺰﻟﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺮﺍﺱ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﻓﻘﺘﻠﻮﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﺘﺤﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺒـﺎﺏ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻃﻌﻨﻮﺍ ﻣﻐﺎﻟﻴﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﺪﻓﻊ ﺍﳉﻨﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﻄﻠﻖ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻊ ﺟﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻗﻒ ﰲ ﻭﺟﻬﻪ ﻗﺘﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺘﺠـﻪ‬
‫ﳓﻮ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺳﺮﻉ ﻭﺟﻬﺎﺅﻫﺎ ﳓﻮ ﺑﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺑﻮﺍﺏ ﻭﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﳓﻮ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺏ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﳉﺎﺑﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺧﻮﻓﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﺎﳍﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻌﻠﻨﻮﻥ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺴﻼﻡ ﻭﻓﺘﺢ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺘﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻃﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﺧﻞ ﺑﻘﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻭﺟﻴﻮﺷﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺑﻮﺍﺏ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﺻﻠﺤﹰﺎ ﻳﺘﺠﻬﻮﻥ ﳓﻮ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻮﺍ ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﻟﻪ ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺳـﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻘـﻮﻡ ﻗـﺪ‬

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‫ﺍﺳﺘﺴﻠﻤﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻃﻠﺒﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﺘﺤﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﻟﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﺧﻠﻨﺎ ﺳﻠﻤﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﳍﻢ ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺩﺧﻠﺖ ﺃﻧـﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﻲ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻋﻨﻮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺰﻝ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻒ ﺣﱴ ﻃﻠﺐ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺫﻟـﻚ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻰ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺀ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳌﻘﺴﻼﻁ ﻗﺮﺏ ﺳﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﺎﺳﲔ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ )ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺧﻠﻴﺔ(‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ﰲ‬
‫ﺭﺟﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺃﻱ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﲑﻣﻮﻙ ﺑﺴﻨﺔ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﺣﺼـﺎﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻋﺪﺓ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ﻃﻠﺐ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﲑ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺟﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺟﺎﺀﻭﺍ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﻣﺮﺓ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻴﺪﻋﻤﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﲢﲔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﲑﻫﻢ ﺑﺈﻣﺮﺓ ﻫﺎﺷـﻢ‬
‫ﺑﻦ ﻋﺘﺒﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻭﻗﺎﺹ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻭﱃ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻴ‪‬ﺮ ﺷﺮﺣﺒﻴﻞ ﺑـﻦ ﺣﺴـﻨﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﺇﱃ ﻓﻠﺴﻄﲔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﺳﺎﺭ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺀ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻛﺎﻧـﺖ ﻭﺟﻬﺘـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺚ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ﺩﺣﻴﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺗﺪﻣﺮ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺑﻌﺚ ﺃﺑـﺎ ﺍﻟﺰﻫـﺮﺍﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺸﲑﻱ ﺇﱃ ﺣﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﻓﺼﺎﱀ ﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺇﱃ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳـﻖ ﻣـﺮﺝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﻟﺬﺍ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺑﻘﻴﺖ ﺣﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻣﺼﺎﳊﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﻉ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻭﺻﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳉﻬﺔ ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﲪﻠـﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ﻇﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺪﺭ ﲢﺖ ﺇﻣﺮﺓ ﺳﻨﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻄﺎﻉ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻋﺪﺩ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻋﻨﺪ )ﻋﲔ ﻣﻴﺴﻮﻥ( ﻭﻋﺮﻓﺖ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﲔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ﻋﲔ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺪﺍﺀ‪ .‬ﰒ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ‬
‫ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺳﲑﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﻉ ﳓﻮ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻝ ﻓﺼﺎﳊﻪ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺑﻌﻠﺒﻚ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﻣﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﻭﻓﺘﺢ ﲪﺺ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ ﻗﺪ ﺍﲡﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻝ ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ ﻓﱰﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻱ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻉ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺛﻨﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺎﺏ ﻭﺷﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ )ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻴﻔﺔ( ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫ ﻭﺻﻞ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺧﱪ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﺮﻗﻞ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻠـﻪ‬
‫ﻳﺪﻋﻰ )ﺗﻮﺫﺭﺍ( ﺇﱃ ﻣﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ )ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ( ﻟﻴﱰﻝ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ﻓﺴﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺃﺑـﻮ ﻋﺒﻴـﺪﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺧﺮﺝ ﺇﱃ) ﺗﻮﺫﺭﺍ( ﻭﺟﺎﺀ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺪﺃ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻨﺞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﺇﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺷـﺮﺩ‪،‬‬

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‫ﻭﻗﺘﻞ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ )ﺗﻮﺫﺭﺍ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ ﻗﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻰ ﺑﺒﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻳﺪﻋﻰ )ﺷﻨﺲ( ﻧـﺰﻝ ﲜﺎﻧﺒـﻪ‬
‫ﻓﺘﻨﺎﺯﻻ ﻭﻗﺘﻞ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ ﺷﻨﺲ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﺮ ﺃﺗﺒﺎﻋﻪ ﺑﺎﲡﺎﻩ ﲪﺺ ﻓﻼﺣﻘﻬﻢ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﳌﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ‬
‫ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﻣﻦ )ﺗﻮﺫﺭﺍ( ﺗﺒﻊ ﺃﺑﺎ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ ﳓﻮ ﲪﺺ ﻓﺤﺎﺻﺮﺍﻫﺎ ﻣﻌﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻃﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺼﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟـﺎﺀ ﻓﺼـﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺘﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﱪﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﱪ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﺻﱪﹰﺍ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﳌﺎ ﺍﻧﺴﻠﺦ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺩ ﺍﺷـﺘﺪ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺼﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺟﱪ ﺍﻷﻫﺎﱄ ﺍﳌﺴﺆﻭﻟﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺴﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻃﻠﺒﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺢ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺢ ﺍﻟـﺬﻱ‬
‫ﺻﺎﱀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺯﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺿﺮﺏ ﺍﳋﺮﺍﺝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺧـﺬ ﺍﳉﺰﻳـﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺎﺏ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻐﲎ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﻌﺚ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ ﺑﺎﻷﲬﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌـﺆﻣﻨﲔ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﻣﻊ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ‪ ...‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻃﻠﺐ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﻱ ﺑﺸﺄﻥ ﻫﺮﻗﻞ ‪ ...‬ﻓﺠﺎﺀﻩ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺏ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻘﺎﺀ ﰲ ﲪﺺ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺃﰊ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺘﺢ ﻗﻨﺴﺮﻳﻦ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺇﱃ ﻗﻨﺴﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﻘﺎﺗﻞ ﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺣﺼﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻋﺘﺬﺍﺭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺰﳝـﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻭﱃ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺛﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺩﺧﻞ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻋﻨﻮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺴﺔ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺠﺮﺓ ﺭﺳـﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‬
‫‪ .‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﻊ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻻ ﻳﻮﺍﺯﻳﻪ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺁﺧﺮ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻟﺴـﺎﺣﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻸﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺃﻥ ﺫﻛﺮﻧﺎﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﻗﺘﻀﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﺍﻟـﺬﻱ ﻭﱄ‬
‫ﺃﻣﺮ ﻓﻠﺴﻄﲔ ﲝﺮﺏ ﻋﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻘﻪ ﺍﳉﻨﻮﺑﻴﺔ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻘﺪﻣﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﻞ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﺯﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻗﺘﻀﻰ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﲪﻼﺕ ﻣـﻦ ﺍﻟـﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﻞ ﻟﺘﻘﻄﻊ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻭﺣﺪﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺘﻘﻠﻞ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﺃﻣـﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻔـﺎﲢﲔ ﺍﳌﺴـﻠﻤﲔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻣﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻨﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﻀﻌﻒ ﻣﻌﻨﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻨﺘﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﻘﻠﻞ ﺃﻣﻠـﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺒﺚ ﺑﺎﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺑﻦ‬
‫ﺃﰊ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﳓﻮ ﻗﻴﺴﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺗﻮﱄ ﺃﻣﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ‪ :‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻭﻟﻴﺘﻚ ﻗﻴﺴـﺎﺭﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻓﺴﺮ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻨﺼﺮ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﻝ ﻻ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻭﻻ ﻗﻮﺓ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﺭﺑﻨﺎ ﻭﺛﻘﺘﻨﺎ ﻭﺭﺟﺎﺅﻧﺎ ﻓﻨﻌﻢ ﺍﳌﻮﱃ ﻭﻧﻌﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﲑ‪ .‬ﻓﺴﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﺤﺎﺻﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﺗﻞ ﺃﻫﻠـﻬﺎ ﻋـﺪﺓ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺍﺕ ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻧﺘﺼﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻭﻗﺘﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﺮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﲦﺎﻧﲔ ﺃﻟﻔﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔـﺘﺢ ﺍﻧﻘﻄـﻊ‬

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‫ﺭﺟﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺮ ‪ ...‬ﰒ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﲑ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻳﻠﻴـﺎﺀ )ﺑﻴـﺖ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺱ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺘﺢ ﺃﺟﻨﺎﺩﻳﻦ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﺭ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺟﻨﺎﺩﻳﻦ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻗﺮﻳﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻟﻮﺟﺔ ﻭﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻓﻠﺴـﻄﲔ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻨﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﺍﺑﻂ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﺭﻃﺒﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻗﻮﺓ ﻟﻠﺮﻭﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﰲ ﺑﻴـﺖ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﻗﻮﺍﺕ ﺩﺍﻋﻤﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺃﺭﺳﻞ ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﻠﺔ ﻭﺃﺧـﺮﻯ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺱ ﻟﻴﺸﺎﻏﻠﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﰲ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺕ ﺧﻮﻓﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻋﻤﻬﻢ ﻟﻸﺭﻃﺒـﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺃﺟﻨـﺎﺩﻳﻦ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻃﺎﻝ ﺗﺄﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺢ ﰲ ﺃﺟﻨﺎﺩﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻞ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻓﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺸﻒ ﺃﺣـﺪﳘﺎ ﻏﻠﻴـﻞ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺮﻭ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﺎﺭ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺭﻃﺒﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﺮﻯ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺘﺞ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﻃﺒﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ﺇﳕﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﺎﻟﺬﺍﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺫﻭ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﺃﺛـﺮ ﺑـﲔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻛﻨﺖ ﻷﺻﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﻫﻮ ﺃﻋﻈﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺘﻠﻪ‪ .‬ﻓﺪﻋﺎ ﺣﺮﺳـﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻓﺴﺎ ‪‬ﺭﻩ ﻭﺃﻣﺮﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺘﻚ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺍﺫﻫﺐ ﻓﻘﻢ ﰲ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻛﺬﺍ ﻭﻛﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ﺑﻚ ﻓﺎﻗﺘﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻔﻄﻦ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻸﺭﻃﺒﻮﻥ ‪ :‬ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﻣﲑ ﺇﱐ ﻗﺪ ﲰﻌﺖ ﻛﻼﻣﻚ ﻭﲰﻌﺖ ﻛﻼﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﱐ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺑﻌﺜﻨﺎ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﻟﻨﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻊ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﱄ ﻟﻨﺸﻬﺪ ﺃﻣﻮﺭﻩ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﺣﺒﺒـﺖ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺁﺗﻴﻚ ‪‬ﻢ ﻟﻴﺴﻤﻌﻮﺍ ﻛﻼﻣﻚ ﻭﻳﺮﻭﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﺭﻃﺒﻮﻥ ‪ :‬ﻧﻌﻢ ﻓﺎﺫﻫﺐ ﻓﺎﺋﺘﲏ ‪‬ﻢ‪،‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻓﺴﺎﺭ‪‬ﻩ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺍﺫﻫﺐ ﺇﱃ ﻓﻼﻥ ﻓﺮﺩ‪‬ﻩ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﻓﺮﺟﻊ ﺇﱃ ﺟﻴﺸﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺩﻋﺎ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﰒ ﲢﻘﻖ ﺍﻷﺭﻃﺒﻮﻥ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺧﺪﻋﲏ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ‪ ،‬ﻫـﺬﺍ ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﺩﻫـﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﻠﻎ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﷲ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ‪ .‬ﻭﺣﺪﺙ ﻗﺘﺎﻝ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﰲ ﺃﺟﻨﺎﺩﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻛﻘﺘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﲑﻣﻮﻙ ‪ ..‬ﰒ ﺩﺧﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﺃﺟﻨﺎﺩﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻣﻮﺍ ﳓﻮ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺱ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺘﺢ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺱ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻟﻘﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﻋﻨﺎﺩﹰﺍ ﻗﻮﻳﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺟﻌﻞ ﺍﳉﻴﻮﺵ ﺍﻹِﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﲡﺘﻤﻊ ﻣﺮﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻭﱃ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﳉﻴﻮﺵ ﻟﺘﺤﺎﺻﺮ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺱ ﻭﺗﻀﻴﻖ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺣﱴ ﺃﺟﺎﺑﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺢ ﺑﺸﺮﻁ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺪﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻤﺮ ﳜﱪﻩ ﺍﳋﱪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻓﺄﺷﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟـﺐ‬

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‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﳌﺴﲑ ﻭﺭﺃﻯ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺧﺬ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﺮﺃﻱ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﻭﻻﹼﻩ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺳﺎﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺱ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻘﺒﻠﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﺃﻣﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﺴـﻠﻤﲔ‬
‫ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ ﻭﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﻭﻳﺰﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﺳﺎﺭ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﳌﻘـﺪﺱ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺻـﺎﱀ ﺍﻟﻨﺼـﺎﺭﻯ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﺷﺘﺮﻁ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺇﺧﺮﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺩﺧﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺩﺧﻞ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻹﺳﺮﺍﺀ ﻭﺻﻠﻰ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺳﺎﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺼﺨﺮﺓ ﻭﺟﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﰲ ﻗﺒﻠـﺔ ﺑﻴـﺖ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺱ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺱ ﺭﺟﻊ ﻛﻞ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺘﺢ ﲪﺺ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻭﺻﻞ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻩ ﰲ ﲪﺺ ﺣﱴ ﺣﺎﺻﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﻔﺮﻭﺍ ﻣﻌﻬﻢ ﺃﻫﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ ﻗﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺼﻦ ﺑﺎﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻗﺘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺄﺷﺎﺭﻭﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺤﺼﻦ ﺇﻻ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻨﺴﺮﻳﻦ ﳌﺴـﺎﻋﺪﺗﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺩﻋﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺭﺃﻯ ﻗﺘﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﻋﺪﺍﺀ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺑﺎ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ ﺭﺃﻯ ﻣﺎ ﺭﺁﻩ ﺑﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴـﻠﻤﲔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻳﻌﻠﻤﻪ ﺍﳋﱪ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻘﻴﺔ ﻣﺪﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺸﻐﻮﻝ‬
‫ﲟﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﺟﺎﺀﺗﻪ ﳒﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻳﺔ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻓﻠﺮﲟﺎ ﺍﺧﺘﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﰲ ﺑﻼﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﲞﺎﺻـﺔ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺟﻴﻮﺏ ﺭﻭﻣﻴﺔ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﳜﺘﻠﻂ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﺇﱃ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺑـﻦ ﺃﰊ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﺹ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﻳﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﻴ‪‬ﺮ ﻣﺪﺩﹰﺍ ﺑﺈﻣﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﻌﻘﺎﻉ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺇﱃ ﲪﺺ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﻌﺚ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺜﹰﺎ ﺑﺈﻣﺮﺓ ﻋﻴﺎﺽ ﺑﻦ ﻏﻨﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻼﺩ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﺆﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ‪ .‬ﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﺟﻴﺸـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻭﻻﳘﺎ ﺍﲡﻪ ﳓﻮ ﲪﺺ ﻭﻗﻮﺍﻣﻪ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺁﻻﻑ ﻣﻘﺎﺗﻞ ﺑﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﻌﻘﺎﻉ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﺍﲡـﻪ‬
‫ﳓﻮ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﺑﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﻴﺎﺽ ﺑﻦ ﻏﻨﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺧﺮﺝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻟﻴﻨﺼﺮ ﺃﺑﺎ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ‪ .‬ﻋﻠﻢ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳉﻴﺶ ﺍﻹِﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﻗﺪ ﻃﺮﻕ ﺑﻼﺩﻫـﻢ ﻓﺘﺮﻛـﻮﺍ‬
‫ﲪﺺ ﻭﺭﺟﻌﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺭﺿﻬﻢ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﺧﱪ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻗﺪ ﺳﺎﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻟﻴﺪﻋﻢ ﲪـﺺ‬
‫ﻓﺎ‪‬ﺎﺭﺕ ﻣﻌﻨﻮﻳﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﺿﻌﻒ ﺃﻣﺮﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺷﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﰊ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻳﱪﺯ ﳍـﻢ ﻟﻴﻘﺎﺗﻠـﻬﻢ‬
‫ﻓﻮﺍﻓﻖ‪ ،‬ﻓﻨﺼﺮ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻋﺪﺍﺋﻬﻢ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺼﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﻌﻘﺎﻉ ﺇﺫ ﻭﺻﻞ ﺇﱃ ﲪـﺺ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﺼﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺑﺜﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﻭﺻﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳉﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺟﺎﺀﻩ‬

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‫ﺧﱪ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﳌﺪﺩ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺗﻠﲔ ﻭﻧﺎﻝ ﻧﺼﻴﺒﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﻨﺎﺋﻢ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺻﺎﱀ ﺃﻫـﻞ‬
‫ﺣﻠﺐ ﻭﻣﻨﺒﺞ ﻭﺇﻧﻄﺎﻛﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺮﺓ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﻋﻴﺎﺽ ﺑﻦ ﻏﻨﻢ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻭﺻﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﻭﺻﺎﱀ ﺃﻫﻞ )ﺣﺮﺍﻥ( ﻭ )ﺍﻟﺮﻫﺎ( ﻭ )ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺔ(‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻌﺚ‬
‫ﺃﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺮﻱ ﺇﱃ )ﻧﺼﻴﺒﲔ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻭﻗﺎﺹ ﺇﱃ )ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﲔ( ﻭﺳـﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻫﻮ ﺇﱃ )ﺩﺍﺭﺍ()‪ (١‬ﻓﻔﺘﺤﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺪﻥ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺭﻣﻴﻨﻴﺎ ﻓﺤﺪﺙ‬
‫ﻗﺘﺎﻝ ﰒ ﺻﺎﱀ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺰﻳﺔ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺑﻴﺖ‪.‬‬
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‫)‪ (١‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍ ‪ :‬ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺩﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻗﺮﺏ ﻗﺮﻗﻴﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻫﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﲑﺓ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻘـﺎﺀ‬
‫‪‬ﺮ ﺍﳋﺎﺑﻮﺭ ﺑﻨﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺘﺢ ﺳﻮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﺘﺤﺖ )ﻗﺮﻗﻴﺴﺎﺀ( ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﺪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﺎﱀ ﺃﻫﻞ )ﻫﻴﺖ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻗﺪ ﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﺃﺧﺎﻩ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺘﻪ ﻓﻔﺘﺢ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻭﺍﻣﺮ ﺃﰊ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﺪﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺻـﻮﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺻﻴﺪﺍ ﻭﺑﲑﻭﺕ ﻭﺟﺒﻴﻞ ﻭﻋﺮﻗﺔ)‪ (١‬ﻭﻃﺮﺍﺑﻠﺲ‪ .‬ﻭ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﺑﻼﺩ ﺍﻟﺸـﺎﻡ ﻛﻠـﻬﺎ ﺑﻴـﺪ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ .‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺧﻄﺄ ﻗﺪ ﻭﻗﻊ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻮﻧﻮﺍ ﻟﻴﻤﺸ‪‬ﻄﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﺍﻟﱵ‬
‫ﻳﻔﺘﺤﻮ‪‬ﺎ ﲤﺸﻴﻄﹰﺎ ﻛﻠﻴﹰﺎ ﺣﻴﺚ ﳜﻠﻮ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻤﺮﺩ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺃﻭ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻮﻧﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺮﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻔﻜﺮﻭﻥ ﰲ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺎﺩﺓ ﺑﻼﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻭﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪﻭﻥ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﺗﺰﺍﻝ ﳍﻢ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﻗﻮﺓ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺭﺃﻳﻨﺎ ﻗﺪ ﺑﺪﺅﻭﺍ ﺑﺎﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻫﻲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﻛﺘﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠـﻰ ﺻـﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﻮﺭﺓ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﻹِﺳﻼﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻨﺎ ًﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻭﺍﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺎﻭﻟﻮﺍ ﺍﻻﺑﺘﻌﺎﺩ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻟﻠﺮﻭﻡ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﲝﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺳﻄﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻣﻲ ﳚﻮﺏ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﺣﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺣﲔ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻳﺔ ﻗﻮﺓ ﲝﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﺃﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﺩﺍﺧـﻞ ﻭﺻـﺤﺎﺭﻯ‬
‫ﻭﻟﺮﲟﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻛﺜﺮﻫﻢ ﱂ ﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻓﻘﺪ ﺗﺮﻛﻮﺍ ﺍﳉﺰﺭ ﺍﳉﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻔﻮﺍ ﺣﻮﳍﺎ ﻇﻨﹰﺎ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻭﻟﺌﻚ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺔ ﻻ ﲤﻜﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﻓﺈ‪‬ﻢ ﻳﱰﻟﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻜـﻢ ﺍﳌﺴـﻠﻤﲔ ﺭﺍﺿـﲔ ﺃﻭ‬

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‫ﻛﺎﺭﻫﲔ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻓﻘﺮ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺕ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻭﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﻋﻮﺭﺓ ﺗﻠـﻚ ﺍﻷﻣـﺎﻛﻦ ﻭﺻـﻌﻮﺑﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﻟﻜﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺌﺔ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﺗﻜﺮﺭﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳉﺰﺭ ﺍﳉﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟـﺒﻼﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻃﺎﺡ ﺑﺎﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺪﺓ ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟـﺬﻱ ﻻ ﻧـﺰﺍﻝ‬
‫ﻧﺬﻭﻕ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﻼﺕ ﰲ ﺑﻼﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﺣﱴ ﺍﻵﻥ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺳﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﳉﺒﺎﻝ ﻋﻮﻧﹰﺎ ﻟﻠﺮﻭﻡ ﻭﺩﻋﻤﹰﺎ ﳍﻢ‬
‫ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﻇﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺍﻃﺊ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻣﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﳍـﻢ ﻗـﻮﺓ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺘﺼﻢ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﳉﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺩﻋﺖ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻗﻮﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﳍـﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫـﻲ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺍﺟﻠﻮﺍ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﺭﺣﻠﺖ ﻣﻌﻬﻢ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴـﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻨﺼ‪‬ـﺮﺓ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﳍﻢ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺘﺼ‪‬ﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻏﺴﺎﻥ ﻭﺗﻨﻮﺥ ﻭﺍﻳﺎﺩ ﻭﳋﻢ ﻭﺟﺬﺍﻡ ﻭﻋﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻭﻛﻨﺪﺓ ﻭﻗﻴﺲ ﻭﻛﻨﺎﻧـﺔ‬
‫ﻇﻨﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺎﺋﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﻻ ﳝﻜﻨﻬﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺮﻛﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﲢﲔ ﺍﳉﺪﺩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻣﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰﻫﺎ ﻭﺃﻧﺼﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺸﺠﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﻟـﺘﻔﻜﲑ ﰲ‬
‫ﻼ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺎﺩﺓ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻬﻢ‬
‫ﳏﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺟﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﲤﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﻓﻌ ﹰ‬
‫ﱂ ﻳﻠﺒﺜﻮﺍ ﺃﻥ ﻃﺮﺩﻭﺍ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻌﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﻗﻌﺖ ﺁﻧﺬﺍﻙ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﳉﺮﺍﲨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫـﻢ‬
‫ﺳﻜﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﳉﺮﺟﻮﻣﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺗﻘﻊ ﰲ ﺟﺒﻞ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻧﻮﺱ )ﺍﻟﻠﻜﺎﻡ( ﴰﺎﻝ ﺇﻧﻄﺎﻛﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗـﺪ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﳍﻢ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻫﺎ ﻣﺮﻋﺶ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺃ‪‬ﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻘﺎﻳﺎ ﺍﳊﺜﻴﲔ‪ .‬ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺻﺎﱀ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ ﺑﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺡ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺇﻧﻄﺎﻛﻴﺔ ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﲨﺔ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻼﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﺧﻮﻓﹰﺎ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺃﻧﻔﺴـﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﱂ ﻳﺄ‪‬ﻮﺍ ‪‬ﻢ ﺁﻧﺬﺍﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺇﻧﻄﺎﻛﻴﺔ ﱂ ﺗﻠﺒﺚ ﺃﻥ ﻧﻘﻀﺖ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺿﻄﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﻓﺘﺤﻬﺎ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﲔ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ )ﺣﺒﻴﺐ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻬﺮﻱ( ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﺳـﺘﻌﺪ ﻟﻐـﺰﻭ‬
‫ﺟﺮﺟﻮﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺿﻄﺮ ﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ‬
‫______________________________‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻋﺮﻗﺔ ‪ :‬ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﻘﻊ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﺍﺑﻠﺲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺃﺣﻴﺎﻧﹰﺎ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺮﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻘـﻮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻨـﻬﻢ ﺇﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺟﺪﻭﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﻗﻮﺓ ﻛﺎﺗﺒﻮﻫﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻘﻀ‪‬ﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺸﺠﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻳ‪‬ﺒﻘﻲ ﻋﻨﺪﻫﻢ ﺍﻷﻣﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺩﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻼﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺮﲟﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺴـﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﲝﺎﺟـﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳉﻨـﺪ‬
‫ﺁﻧﺬﺍﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻭﺟﺪﻭﺍ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﲨﺔ ﻋﻨﺼﺮﹰﺍ ﳏﺎﺭﺑﹰﺎ ﻭﺩﻋﻤﹰﺎ ﻋﺴﻜﺮﻳﹰﺎ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻭﺍ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧـﻪ ﻻ‬

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‫ﻳﺆﻣﻦ ﳍﻢ ﻭﻻ ﻟﻌﻬﻮﺩﻫﻢ ﻣﺎ ﺩﺍﻣﻮ ﻻ ﻳﺪﻳﻨﻮﻥ ﺩﻳﻦ ﺍﳊﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻨﻈﺮﻭﻥ ﺇﻻ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺼﺎﳊﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳚﻌﻠﻬﻢ ﻳﻘﻔﻮﻥ ﲜﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﺃﺣﻴﺎﻧﹰﺎ ﻭﲜﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻣﺮﺓ ﺃﺧـﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺗﻮﺯﻋـﻮﺍ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﳉﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻋﻮﻧﹰﺎ ﻟﻠﺮﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻘﻲ ﳍﻢ ﺧﻄﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﻭﻷﺣﻔﺎﺩﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺍﻋﺘﻘـﺪﻭﺍ‬
‫ﻋﻘﺎﺋﺪ ﻏﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﺣﱴ ﺍﻵﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺘﺢ ﻣﺼﺮ ‪:‬‬
‫ﳌﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺘﺢ ﻓﻠﺴﻄﲔ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳـﺘﺄﺫﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﲑ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻟﻠﻔﺘﺢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﻋﻤـﺮ‬
‫ﻭﺳﻴ‪‬ﺮﻩ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺃﻣﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻡ ﻭﻣﻌﻪ ﺑﺴﺮ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﺭﻃﺄﺓ ﻭﺧﺎﺭﺟﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺬﺍﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻤﲑ ﺑﻦ‬
‫ﻭﻫﺐ ﺍﳉﻤﺤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﺘﻘﻴﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﺏ ﻣﺼﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻘﻴﻬﻢ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻣﺮﱘ ﻭﻣﻌﻪ ﺍﻷﺳﻘﻒ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻣﺮﻳﺎﻡ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺑﻌﺜﻪ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻘﻮﻗﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺳﻜﻨﺪﺭﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺪﻋﺎﻫﻢ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻹِﺳﻼﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳉﺰﻳـﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﺘـﺎﻝ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﻬﻠﻬﻢ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻓﻄﻠﺒﻮﺍ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﺪﺓ ﻓﺰﺍﺩﻫﺎ ﳍﻢ ﻳﻮﻣﹰﺎ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻧﺸﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺰﻡ‬
‫ﺃﻫﻞ ﻣﺼﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺘﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻛﺒﲑ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺍﻷﺭﻃﺒﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻓﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻼﺩ ﺍﻟﺸـﺎﻡ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺼـﺮ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺟﱪ ﺃﻫﻞ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﻋﲔ ﴰﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺭﺗﻘﻰ ﺍﻟـﺰﺑﲑ ﺑـﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺃﺣﺲ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻧﻄﻠﻘﻮﺍ ﺑﺎﲡﺎﻩ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻵﺧـﺮ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺍﺧﺘﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪ ﻋﻨﻮﺓ ﻭﻭﺻﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﻤـﺮﻭ‪ ،‬ﻓﺼـﺎﳊﻮﺍ ﻋﻤـﺮﹰﺍ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﻀﻰ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻫﻞ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻛﻠﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺢ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﻭﺟﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺬﺍﻓـﺔ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﻋﲔ ﴰﺲ ﻓﻐﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺭﺿﻬﺎ ﻭﺻﺎﱀ ﺃﻫﻞ ﻗﺮﺍﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺻﻠﺢ ﺍﻟﻔﺴﻄﺎﻁ‪.‬‬
‫ﰒ ﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺟﻴﺸﹰﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻹﺳﻜﻨﺪﺭﻳﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﻘﻮﻗﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺎﺻـﺮ ﺍﳉـﻴﺶ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﺿﻄﺮ ﺍﳌﻘﻮﻗﺲ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﺎﱀ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺬﺍﻓﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻧﺸﺌﺖ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺴﻄﺎﻁ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺧﻴﻤﺔ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺑﲏ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﺍﻟـﺬﻱ‬
‫ﻳﻨﺴﺐ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻵﻥ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﺕ ﺣﻮﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﻗﻮﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺼﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﺈﻣﺮﺓ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﺮﺡ ﺑﻨﺎ ًﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻭﺍﻣـﺮ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔـﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻔﺘﺤﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﱄ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺬﺍﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻮﻡ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺣﻮﳍﺎ ﻓﻔﺘﺤﻬـﺎ‬

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‫ﻭﺻﺎﱀ ﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﻋﻤﲑ ﺑﻦ ﻭﻫﺐ ﺍﳉﻤﺤﻲ ﺇﱃ ﺩﻣﻴﺎﻁ ﻭﺗﻨﻴﺲ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺣﻮﳍﻤﺎ ﻓﺼﺎﱀ ﺃﻫﻞ‬
‫ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﰒ ﺳﺎﺭ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺏ ﻓﻔﺘﺢ ﺑﺮﻗﺔ ﻭﺻﺎﱀ ﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﻋﻘﺒﺔ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻧﺎﻓﻊ ﻓﻔـﺘﺢ‬
‫)ﺯﻭﻳﻠﺔ( ﻭﺍﲡﻪ ﳓﻮ ﺑﻼﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺍﻧﻄﻠﻖ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺇﱃ ﻃﺮﺍﺑﻠﺲ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺏ ﻓﻔﺘﺤﻬﺎ ﺑﻌـﺪ ﺣﺼـﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻣﺸﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻓﺘﺢ )ﺻﱪﺍﺗﻪ( ﻭ )ﺷﺮﻭﺱ( ﻭﻣﻨﻌﻪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺏ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺍﳉﺒﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻗﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺤ ﹶﺔ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌﻨِﻲ ﺍ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠﻢِ ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤﺮٍﻭ ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳﻌِﻴ ٍﺪ ‪ ،‬ﻗﹶﺎﻟﹸﻮﺍ ‪ :‬ﹶﻟﻤ‪‬ـﺎ ‪‬ﺭﺃﹶﻯ)‬ ‫ﺐ ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﹶﻃ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻤ ٍﺪ ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻬﱠﻠ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ﻓِﻲ ﹸﻛ ﱢﻞ ﻋ‪‬ﺎ ٍﻡ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺮﺑ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭﻗِﻴ ﹶﻞ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳﺰ‪‬ﺍ ﹸﻝ ﻫ‪‬ـﺬﹶﺍ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﲏ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ( ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﺩ ِﺟ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻌ ﹸ‬
‫ﺠ ِﻢ ‪‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ـﻰ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻐِﻠﺒ‪‬ـﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﺽ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬‫ﺡ ﻓِﻲ ﺃﹶ ‪‬ﺭ ِ‬ ‫ﺴﻴ‪‬ﺎ ِ‬‫ﺱ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﻟِﺎ‪‬ﻧ ِ‬ ‫ﺝ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻣﻤ‪‬ﹶﻠ ﹶﻜِﺘ ِﻪ ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ِﺫ ﹶﻥ ﻟِﻠﻨ‪‬ﺎ ِ‬ ‫ﺨ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬‫ﺏ ‪‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺪﹶﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺮ ِﺓ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﺘ ِﺢ ِﻧﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭﻧ‪‬ـ ‪‬ﺪ‬
‫ﺴﺮ‪‬ﻯ ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﹾﻟﹸﺄ ‪‬ﻣﺮ‪‬ﺍ َﺀ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ِﻞ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻱ ِﻛ ‪‬‬ ‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﺩ ِﺟ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻓِﻲ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬‬
‫ﺹ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﹾﻟﹸﺄ ‪‬ﻣﺮ‪‬ﺍ َﺀ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ِﻞ ﺍﹾﻟﻜﹸﻮﹶﻓ ِﺔ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﺘ ِﺢ ِﻧﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﺪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ِﻞ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻌ ِﺪ ‪‬ﺑ ِﻦ ﹶﺃﺑِﻲ ‪‬ﻭﻗﱠﺎ ٍ‬
‫ﺖ‬
‫‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ِﻞ ‪‬ﻋﻤ‪‬ﺎ ِﺭ ‪‬ﺑ ِﻦ ﻳ‪‬ﺎ ِﺳ ٍﺮ ﹶﺃ ِﻣﲑ‪‬ﺍ ِﻥ ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒ ِﺪ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺑ ِﻦ ِﻋ‪‬ﺘﺒ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓِﻲ ‪‬ﺯﻣ‪‬ﺎِﻧ ِﻪ ﻛﹶﺎﻧ‪‬ـ ‪‬‬
‫ﺡ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺼ ‪‬ﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓِﻲ ‪‬ﺯﻣ‪‬ﺎِﻧ ِﻪ ﹸﺃ ِﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ﺑِﺎﻟِﺎ‪‬ﻧﺴِـﻴ‪‬ﺎ ِ‬‫ﻒ ‪‬ﺑﻨِﻲ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒ ِﺪ ‪‬ﺑ ِﻦ ﹸﻗ ‪‬‬ ‫‪‬ﻭ ﹾﻗ ‪‬ﻌ ﹸﺔ ِﻧﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﺪ ‪ ،‬ﻭ ِﺯﻳ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺣﻨ‪ ‬ﹶﻈﹶﻠ ﹶﺔ ‪‬ﺣﻠِﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ﻓِﻲ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ٍﻪ ﺁ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮﺟ‪‬ﻮ ِﻩ ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻭﱢﻟ ‪‬ﻲ ِﺯﻳ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ﺑ‪‬ـ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺣ‪‬ﻨ ﹶﻈﻠﹶـ ﹶﺔ‬ ‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ِﺰ ﹶﻝ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒ ِﺪ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺑ ِﻌ ﹶ‬
‫‪‬ﻭﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﻬ‪‬ﺎ ِﺟﺮِﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌ ِﻤ ﹶﻞ ﹶﻗﻠِﻴﻠﹰﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﺃﹶﻟ ‪‬ﺢ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﻟِﺎ ‪‬ﺳِﺘ ‪‬ﻌﻔﹶﺎ ِﺀ ﹶﻓﹸﺄ ‪‬ﻋ ِﻔﻲ‪ ، ‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻭﱢﻟ ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﻋﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ﻳ‪‬ﺎﺳِـ ٍﺮ‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺮ ِﺓ ِﺑ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺒ ِﺪ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺑ ِﻦ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒ ِﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹶﻞ ﺍﹾﻟﻜﹸﻮﹶﻓ ِﺔ ﺑِـﹶﺄﺑِﻲ‬
‫‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ِﺯﻳ‪‬ﺎ ٍﺩ ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓﻜﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻣﻜﹶﺎ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹶﻞ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻮﻟﹶﺎ‪‬ﻳ ﹸﺔ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ِﻋ‪‬ﻨ ِﺪ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ِﺇﻟﹶﻰ ‪‬ﻧﻔﹶـ ٍﺮ ﺑِﺎﹾﻟﻜﹸﻮﻓﹶـ ِﺔ‬ ‫ﻣ‪‬ﻮﺳ‪‬ﻰ ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺳﺮ‪‬ﺍﹶﻗ ﹶﺔ ‪‬ﻣﻜﹶﺎ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻗ ِﺪ ‪‬ﻣ ِ‬
‫ﺻ‪‬ﺒﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪،‬‬‫ﺴ ‪‬ﲑ ِﺇﻟﹶﻰ ﹶﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﺚ ِﺇﻟﹶﻰ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒ ِﺪ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺑ ِﻦ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒ ِﺪ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ ِﺑِﻠﻮ‪‬ﺍ ٍﺀ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃﻣ‪ ‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬‫‪‬ﺯﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻥ ِﺯﻳ‪‬ﺎ ِﺩ ‪‬ﺑ ِﻦ ‪‬ﺣ‪‬ﻨ ﹶﻈﹶﻠ ﹶﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶ‬
‫ﺤ‪‬ﺒﻠﹶﻰ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺑﻨِﻲ‬
‫ﺼﺤ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﺑ ِﺔ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻭﺟ‪‬ﻮ ِﻩ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ‪‬ﻧﺼ‪‬ﺎ ِﺭ ‪‬ﻭﺣ‪‬ﻠِﻴﻔﹰﺎ ِﻟ‪‬ﺒﻨِﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻑ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬‫‪‬ﻭﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﺷﺠ‪‬ﺎﻋ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺑ ﹶﻄﻠﹰﺎ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺃﹶ ‪‬ﺷﺮ‪‬ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺮ ِﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺳﺮ‪‬ﺍﹶﻗ ﹶﺔ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒﺼ‪‬ـ ‪‬ﺮ ِﺓ ‪‬ﻭﻛﹶـﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻣِـ ‪‬ﻦ‬ ‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺳ ٍﺪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ِﺑﹶﺄﺑِﻲ ﻣ‪‬ﻮﺳ‪‬ﻰ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺡ‪،‬‬ ‫ﲔ ﹶﺃﺗ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻩ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺢ ِﻧﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺑﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﺄ ﹶﺫ ﹶﻥ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﻟِﺎ‪‬ﻧﺴِـﻴ‪‬ﺎ ِ‬ ‫ﺚ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒ ِﺪ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺑ ِﻦ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒ ِﺪ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ِﺣ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺣﺪِﻳ ِ‬
‫ﺐ ِﺇﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻲ‬
‫ﺨ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍ ﹾﻛ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ِﺇﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ " ِﺳ ‪‬ﺮ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟﻜﹸﻮﹶﻓ ِﺔ ‪‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﻨ ِﺰ ﹶﻝ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﺪ‪‬ﺍِﺋ ‪‬ﻦ ﻓﹶﺎ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺘ ِ‬ ‫ﹶﻓ ﹶﻜ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭﻗﹶـﺎ َﺀ‬
‫ﺏ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ﻓِﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ِﻦ ﺍ‪‬ﻧﺘ‪ ‬ﺪ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺻ‪‬ﺒﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻓﹶﺎ‪‬ﻧ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ " ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻳﺮِﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻮﺟِﻴ ‪‬ﻬﻪ‪ِ ‬ﺇﻟﹶﻰ ﹶﺃ ‪‬‬ ‫ِﺑ ﹶﺬِﻟ ‪‬‬

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‫ﻱ ‪ - ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺍﱠﻟﺬِﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﻟﹶـﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌﹶﻠﻤ‪‬ـﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻳ‪‬ـ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻥ ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ‬
‫ﺙ ‪‬ﺑ ِﻦ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭﻗﹶﺎ َﺀ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺳ ِﺪ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺮﻳ‪‬ﺎ ِﺣ ‪‬ﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟﺤ‪‬ﺎ ِﺭ ِ‬
‫ﺐ ِﺇﻟﹶﻰ ﺟ‪‬ـ ‪‬ﺪ ِﻩ ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺴ ‪‬‬‫ﺨﺰ‪‬ﺍ ِﻋ ‪‬ﻲ ِﻟ ِﺬ ﹾﻛ ِﺮ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭﻗﹶﺎ َﺀ ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﹶﻇﻨ‪‬ﻮﺍ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻧ ِ‬
‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻫﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻳ ِﻞ ‪‬ﺑﻦِ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭﻗﹶﺎ َﺀ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﲔ ﺍ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ٍﻊ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻋﺸ‪‬ﺮِﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﻨ ﹰﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﺃﻳ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ‬‫ﺼ ﱢﻔ ‪‬‬ ‫‪‬ﻭﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻳ ِﻞ ‪‬ﺑ ِﻦ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭﻗﹶﺎ َﺀ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ﹸﻗِﺘ ﹶﻞ ِﺑ ِ‬
‫ﺠﻨ‪‬ـﻮ ِﺩ‬ ‫ﺙ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺚ ِﺯﻳ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺣ‪‬ﻨ ﹶﻈﹶﻠ ﹶﺔ ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓﹶﻠﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃﺗ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻩ ﺍ‪‬ﻧِﺒﻌ‪‬ﺎ ﹸ‬ ‫ﺙ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒ ِﺪ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶ‬ ‫ﺻِﺒ ‪‬ﻲ ‪ -‬ﻭﹶﻟﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃﺗ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍ‪‬ﻧِﺒﻌ‪‬ﺎ ﹶ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺴﻴ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻋﻤ‪‬ﺎﺭ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺮﹶﺃ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻝ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ ‪ :‬ﻭ‪‬ﻧﺮِﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﱠﻟﺬِﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘﻀ‪‬ـ ِﻌﻔﹸﻮﺍ ﻓِـﻲ‬ ‫ﻭ‪‬ﺍ‪‬ﻧ ِ‬
‫ﻂ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ِﺇﻣ‪‬ـﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ِﺓ‬
‫ﻑ ﻓِﻲ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳ ٍ‬ ‫ﺻ ِﺮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﲔ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ِﺯﻳ‪‬ﺎﺩ‪ ‬‬ ‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻌﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﹾﻟﻮ‪‬ﺍ ِﺭِﺛ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻌﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﺃِﺋ ‪‬ﻤﺔﹰ ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺽ ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺭ ِ‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻲ ِﺇﻟﹶﻰ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳﻘﹾـ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻡ‬
‫‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻌ ٍﺪ ِﺇﻟﹶﻰ ﹶﻗﻀ‪‬ﺎ ِﺀ ﺍﹾﻟﻜﹸﻮﹶﻓ ِﺔ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ِﺇ ‪‬ﻋﻔﹶﺎ ِﺀ ‪‬ﺳ ﹾﻠﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒ ِﺪ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻤ ِﻦ ﺍ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﺭﺑِﻴ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﺔ ِﻟ‪‬ﻴ ﹾﻘ ِ‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﻭ ِﺩ ‪‬ﺟﻠﹶـ ﹸﺔ‬ ‫ﺺ ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻋ ِﻤ ﹶﻞ ِﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﺳ‪‬ـﻘﹶﻰ ﺍﹾﻟﻔﹸـﺮ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴﻌ‪‬ﻮ ٍﺩ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ِﺣ ‪‬ﻤ ٍ‬ ‫‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻌﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹸﻥ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍ‪‬ﺑﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺮ ٍﻥ ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓﺎ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻔﻴ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭﻗﹶﺎﻟﹶﺎ ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋ ِﻔﻨ‪‬ﺎ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ٍﻞ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻐ ‪‬ﻮﻝﹸ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺰ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ِﺑﺰِﻳ‪‬ﻨ ِﺔ‬
‫ﻱ ‪‬ﻭﺟ‪‬ﺎِﺑ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤﺮٍﻭ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺰِﻧ ‪‬ﻲ ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺴ ِﺔ ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻋﻔﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻫﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﻣﻜﹶﺎ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺣ ﹶﺬ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻔ ﹶﺔ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﻴ ٍﺪ ﺍﹾﻟ ِﻐﻔﹶﺎ ِﺭ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﹾﻟﻤ‪‬ﻮ ِﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ‪ ،‬ﺣ ﹶﺬ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻔ ﹸﺔ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶـﻰ‬ ‫ﹸﺛ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻌ ﹶﻔﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻓﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻔﺎ ‪‬ﻫﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟﻌ‪ ‬ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﻣﻜﹶﺎ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻬﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺣ ﹶﺬ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻔ ﹶﺔ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﻴﻤ‪‬ﺎ ِﻥ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋﹾﺜﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺣ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﻴ ٍ‬
‫ﺐ‬
‫ﺴﻮ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺩ‪‬ﻳ ِﻦ ‪‬ﺟﻤِﻴﻌ‪‬ﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﹶﻛﺘ‪‬ـ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺕ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻒ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺳﻘﹶﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹸﻔﺮ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺖ ِﺩ ‪‬ﺟﹶﻠﺔﹸ ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋﹾﺜﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹸﻥ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺣ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﻴ ٍ‬ ‫ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺳ ﹶﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ ﺑ‪‬ـ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻣﺴ‪‬ـﻌ‪‬ﻮ ٍﺩ‬
‫ﺖ ِﺇﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻋﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ﻳ‪‬ﺎ ِﺳ ٍﺮ ﹶﺃ ِﻣﲑ‪‬ﺍ ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻌ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ِﺇﻟﹶﻰ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ِﻞ ﺍﹾﻟﻜﹸﻮﹶﻓ ِﺔ ِﺇﻧ‪‬ﻲ " ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌﹾﺜ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ‬
‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻋﹾﺜﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺑ‪‬ـ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺣ‪‬ﻨﻴ‪‬ـ ٍ‬ ‫ﺖ ِﺩ ‪‬ﺟﹶﻠ ﹸﺔ ‪‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭﺭ‪‬ﺍ َﺀﻫ‪‬ﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻭﱠﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺖ ‪‬ﺣ ﹶﺬ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻔ ﹶﺔ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺳ ﹶﻘ ‪‬‬ ‫‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌﱢﻠﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻭﺯِﻳﺮ‪‬ﺍ ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻭﱠﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ِﺇﻟﹶﻰ ‪‬ﻋﺒ‪‬ـ ِﺪ‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺳﻘﹶﻰ " ﻗﹶﺎﻟﹸﻮﺍ ‪ :‬ﻭﹶﻟﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻗ ِﺪ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﻋﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﹾﻟﻜﹸﻮﹶﻓ ِﺔ ﹶﺃ ِﻣﲑ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻗ ِﺪ ‪‬ﻡ ِﻛﺘ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﹾﻟ ﹸﻔﺮ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭﻗﹶﺎ َﺀ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺮﻳ‪‬ـﺎ ِﺣ ‪‬ﻲ‬‫ﺻ‪‬ﺒﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻭ‪ِ ‬ﺯﻳ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﹾﻟﻜﹸﻮﹶﻓ ِﺔ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻣِﺘ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ " ِﺳ ‪‬ﺮ ِﺇﻟﹶﻰ ﹶﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﻤ ﹸﺔ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒ ِﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﱠـ ِﻪ‬
‫ﺼ ‪‬ﻤ ﹸﺔ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ﻋ‪‬ﺒ ِﺪ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻋ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ ‪‬ﻭ ِﻋ ‪‬‬‫ﻚ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭﻗﹶﺎ َﺀ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﺳ ِﺪ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ‪‬ﻨ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ ‪‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ﻗﹶـ ِﺪ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﺣ ﹶﺬ‪‬ﻳﻔﹶـ ﹶﺔ ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺙ " ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓﺴ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ِ‬ ‫ﻒ ‪‬ﺑ ِﻦ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒ ِﺪ ﺍﹾﻟﺤ‪‬ﺎ ِﺭ ِ‬ ‫‪‬ﺑ ِﻦ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﺓ ‪‬ﺑ ِﻦ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﻴ ِ‬
‫ﻑ ‪‬ﻣﻌ‪‬ـ ‪‬ﻪ‬ ‫ﺼ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺝ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ِﻧﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﺪ ﻓِﻴ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻦ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ِﻦ ﺍ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬ ‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺟﻊ‪ ‬ﺣ ﹶﺬ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻔ ﹸﺔ ِﺇﻟﹶﻰ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤِﻠ ِﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ‪‬ﺒﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻟﹾﹸﺄ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻨﺪ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻣﺘِـ ِﻪ‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﻨ ٍﺪ ﹶﻗ ِﺪ ﺍ ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻊ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ِﻞ ﹶﺃ ‪‬‬‫ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺟ‪‬ﻨ ِﺪ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻌﻤ‪‬ﺎ ِﻥ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﲔ ِﺑ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺳﺘ‪‬ﺎ ٍ‬
‫ﺸ ِﺮ ِﻛ ‪‬‬‫ﺴِﻠﻤ‪‬ﻮﻥﹶ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻣ ﹸﺔ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺮﺑﺮﺍﺯ ﺟﺎﺫﻭﻳﻪ ‪‬ﺷ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺦ ﹶﻛِﺒ ‪‬ﲑ ﻓِﻲ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻤ ٍﻊ ‪ ،‬ﻓﹶﺎﹾﻟ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻘﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺦ ِﺇﻟﹶﻰ ﺍﹾﻟِﺒﺮ‪‬ﺍ ِﺯ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺯ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭﻗﹶـﺎ َﺀ‬‫ﺻ‪‬ﺒﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻓﹶﺎ ﹾﻗ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﺘﻠﹸﻮﺍ ِﻗﺘ‪‬ﺎﻟﹰﺎ ‪‬ﺷﺪِﻳﺪ‪‬ﺍ ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺪﻋ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﺎﺗِﻴ ِﻖ ﹶﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ‪‬ﻴ ِﺦ ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻮ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺇﻟﹶﻰ‬
‫ﻕ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺳﺘ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬‫ﻚ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺳﺘ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬‫ﺴِﻠﻤ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻥ ﹶﺫِﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺻ‪‬ﺒﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳﻤ‪‬ﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬ ‫ﹶﻓ ﹶﻘ‪‬ﺘﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﻡ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻫ ﹸﻞ ﹶﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻬﺬﹶﺍ‬
‫ﺼ ﹾﻠ ِﺢ ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓﺼ‪‬ﺎﹶﻟ ‪‬‬‫ﻉ ﺍﹾﻟﹸﺄ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﻨﺪ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺭ ِﺇﻟﹶﻰ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺩﻋ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒ ِﺪ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳﻠِﻴ ِﻪ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﺘﺴ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬

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‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺪ‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻲ ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﺸ‪‬ﻴ ِﺦ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ‪‬ﺒﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻥ ﹸﺃ ِﺧ ﹶﺬ ‪‬ﻭﺻ‪‬ﺎﹶﻟ ‪‬ﺢ ﹸﺛ ‪‬ﻢ ﺳ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺳﺘ‪‬ﺎ ِ‬
‫ﻕ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﹸﻝ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺳﺘ‪‬ﺎ ٍ‬
‫ﺻ‪‬ﺒﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻣِﺌ ٍﺬ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺩﻭﺳﺒﺎﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﺬ ِﺑﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻓﻨ‪‬ـ ‪‬ﺰ ﹶﻝ‬ ‫ﻚ ِﺑﹶﺄ ‪‬‬‫ﻓِﻴﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣﺪ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ﺍ‪‬ﻧ‪‬ﺘﻬ‪‬ﻰ ِﺇﻟﹶﻰ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻲ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤِﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓﹶﻠﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ‪‬ﺘ ﹶﻘﻮ‪‬ﺍ ‪ ،‬ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺨ ‪‬ﺮﺟ‪‬ﻮﺍ ِﺇﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﺷ‪‬ﺎ َﺀ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺯ ‪‬ﺣ ٍ‬‫ﺻ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬‫ﺱ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻲ ﹶﻓﺤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺑِﺎﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ِ‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻊ‬‫ﻚ ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟ ِﻜ ِﻦ ﺍ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺯ ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺘ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﺤ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺻﺤ‪‬ﺎﺑِﻲ ‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻗ‪‬ﺘ ﹸﻞ ﹶﺃ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺩﻭﺳﻔﺎﻥ ِﻟ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺒ ِﺪ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ﹾﻘ‪‬ﺘ ﹾﻞ ﹶﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﺤ‪‬ﺎﺑِﻲ ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻊ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻧﺸ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﺑ ﹲﺔ ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺯ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ‬
‫ﺻﺤ‪‬ﺎﺑِﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ ﹶﺃ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺘ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﺘﻨِﻲ ﺳ‪‬ﺎﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺻﺤ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬‬ ‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ‬
‫ﻚ ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻮﹶﻗ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ ‪ ،‬ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ِﻤ ﹸﻞ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺤ ِﻤ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ِﻤ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬‫‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ ‪ِ :‬ﺇﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻗ ﹶﻄ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻟﱠﻠﺒ‪‬ـ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺝ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻜ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴ ‪‬ﺮ ِ‬
‫ﺏ ﹶﻗﺮ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻮﺱ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺫﻭﺳﻔﺎﻥ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻄ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃﺻ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﱠﻠﻪِ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻮﹶﻗ ‪‬ﻊ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ ﻗﹶﺎِﺋﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹸﺛ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘﻮ‪‬ﻯ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶـﻰ‬ ‫ﺴ ‪‬ﺮﺝ‪ ‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ِ‬‫ﺤﺰ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﻭﺯ‪‬ﺍ ﹶﻝ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬‫ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟ ِ‬
‫ﻚ‬‫ﻚ ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈﻧ‪‬ﻲ ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺭﹶﺃ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺐ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ﹸﺃﻗﹶﺎِﺗﹶﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺖ ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓﺤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﻩ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ ‪ :‬ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﹸﺃ ِﺣ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺱ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺮﻳ‪‬ﺎﻧ‪‬ﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ‪ :‬ﺍﹾﺛ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬‫ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﺮ ِ‬
‫ﻚ ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ‬ ‫ﻚ ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺩﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﺪِﻳ‪‬ﻨ ﹶﺔ ِﺇﹶﻟ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺤ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴ ﹶﻜ ِﺮ ‪‬ﻙ ﹶﻓﹸﺄﺻ‪‬ﺎِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ِﺇﻟﹶﻰ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬‬ ‫‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺟﻠﹰﺎ ﻛﹶﺎ ِﻣﻠﹰﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟ ِﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ ِﺟﻊ‪ ‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ ﻣ‪‬ـ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃﺧ‪‬ـ ﹾﺬ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭﺿ‪‬ـ ‪‬ﻪ‬ ‫ﺠ ِﺮ ‪‬‬ ‫‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺷ‪‬ﺎ َﺀ ﹶﺃﻗﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﺃﺩ‪‬ﻯ ﺍﹾﻟﺠِ ‪‬ﺰ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﻣ‪‬ﺎِﻟ ِﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠﻰ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻪ‬ ‫ﺚ ﺷ‪‬ﺎ َﺀ ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ‪‬ﺣ‪‬ﻴ ﹸ‬‫ﺠﺮ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺘﺮ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺟﻌ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣ‪ ‬ﻦ ﹶﺃﺑ‪‬ﻰ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﻞ ﻓِﻴﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﺧ ﹾﻠﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﻓِﻴ ِﻪ ﹶﺫ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬‬ ‫‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻗ ِﺪ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ ﹶﺃﺑ‪‬ﻮ ﻣ‪‬ﻮﺳ‪‬ﻰ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﻧ‪‬ﺎ ِﺣ‪‬ﻴ ِﺔ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻫﻮ‪‬ﺍ ِﺯ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺪ ﺻ‪‬ﺎﹶﻟ ‪‬ﺢ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺫﻭﺳﻔﺎﻥ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ ‪ :‬ﹶﻟ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﺫِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ‪‬ﺒﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺧ‪‬ﺎﹶﻟﻔﹸﻮﺍ ﻗﹶـ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﲔ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺟﻠﹰﺎ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻫﻞِ ﹶﺃ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺝ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻡ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﺧﻠﹸﻮﺍ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﻟ ﱢﺬ ‪‬ﻣ ِﺔ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﹶﺛﻠﹶﺎِﺛ ‪‬‬‫ﺨ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬‫ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻤ ٍﻊ ﻛﹶﺎﻥﹶ ِﺑﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃﺑ‪‬ﻮ ﻣ‪‬ﻮﺳ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻲ‬ ‫‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺗﺠ‪ ‬ﻤﻌ‪‬ﻮﺍ ِﺑ ﹶﻜ ‪‬ﺮﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻓِﻲ ﺣ‪‬ﺎ ِﺷ‪‬ﻴِﺘ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ‬
‫ﺺ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻗ ِﺪ ‪‬ﻡ ِﻛﺘ‪‬ـﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺨ ‪‬‬‫ﻂ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃﻗﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻧ ِﺪ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ِﺇﻟﹶﻰ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ﹾﻏ‪‬ﺘ‪‬ﺒ ﹶ‬
‫ﺐ ِﺑ ﹶﺬِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ‪‬ﺒﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻭ‪ ‬ﹶﻛ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻣﺪِﻳ‪‬ﻨ ﹸﺔ ﹶﺃ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﺘﺠ‪‬ﺎ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ِﻗﺘ‪‬ـﺎ ِﻝ ﻣ‪‬ـ ‪‬ﻦ‬ ‫‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒ ِﺪ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ " ِﺳ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﺗ ﹾﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻡ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﻴ ِﻞ ‪‬ﺑ ِﻦ ‪‬ﻋ ِﺪ ‪‬‬
‫‪١‬‬
‫ﻉ"‬
‫ﺐ ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄ ﹾﻗ ‪‬ﺮ ِ‬
‫ﺻ‪‬ﺒﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﺎِﺋ ‪‬‬
‫ﻒ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﹶﺃ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺨِﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻒ ﻓِﻲ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳﻘِﻲ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬ ‫ِﺑ ﹶﻜ ‪‬ﺮﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺧﱢﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳋﻼﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻗﻮﻳﹰﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﺳﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﻜﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧـﻼﻑ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻏﺎﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﺷﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﺑﻘﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻘﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺭﺍﺩﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻴﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻭﻃﺮﺩﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺭﺳﻞ ﺷﻬﺮﻳﺎﺭ ﻣﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ‬
‫ﺟﻴﺸﹰﺎ ﻗﻮﺍﻣﻪ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺁﻻﻑ ﻣﻘﺎﺗﻞ ﶈﺎﺭﺑﺔ ﺟﻴﺶ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺑﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﺜﲎ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺎﺭﺛﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺒﺎﱐ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻗﺪ ﻫﺰﻣﻮﺍ ﻫﺰﳝﺔ ﻣﻨﻜﺮﺓ ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪ - ١‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺧﺒ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﹶﺃ ‪‬‬

‫ﺻ‪‬ﺒﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻥ ِﻟﹶﺄﺑِﻲ ‪‬ﻧ ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﻴ ٍﻢ ﺍﹾﻟﹶﺄﺻ‪‬ﺒﻬ‪‬ﺎِﻧ ‪‬ﻲ )‪( ٦٢‬‬
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‫ﻃﻠﺐ ﺍﳌﺜﲎ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺎﺭﺛﺔ ﺍﳌﺪﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺄﺧﺮﺕ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ ﻻﻧﺸـﻐﺎﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻘﺘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺟﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﺜﲎ ﻳﺴﲑ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺧﻠﹼﻒ ﻭﺭﺍﺀﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‬
‫ﺑﺸﲑ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﺼﺎﺻﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻭﺻﻞ ﺇﱃ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻭﺟﺪ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﰲ ﺁﺧـﺮ ﻋﻬـﺪﻩ ﻭﻗـﺪ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ‪ .‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺭﺃﻯ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﳌﺜﲎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻌﻤﺮ ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻧﺎ ﻣﺖ ﻓﻼ ﲤﺴﲔ ﺣـﱴ‬
‫ﺗﻨﺪﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﳊﺮﺏ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﺜﲎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻣﺮﺍﺋﻨﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻓﺎﺭﺩﺩ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﻓﺈ‪‬ﻢ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ ﲝﺮﺑﻪ‪ .‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﻧﺪﺏ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳉﻬـﺎﺩ ﰲ‬
‫ﺃﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻫﺪﻳﻦ ﺃﺑﺎ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻔﻲ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣـﻦ ﻟـﱮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺪﺍﺀ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻴﻮﱄ ﺇﻻ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺻﺤﺎﺑﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺳﺌﻞ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺃﺟﺎﺏ ‪ :‬ﺇﳕﺎ ﺃﺅﻣﺮ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺠﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺇﻧﻜﻢ ﺇﳕﺎ ﺳﺒﻘﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﻨﺼﺮﺓ ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺠﺎﺏ ﻗﺒﻠﻜﻢ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺩﻋﺎﻩ ﻓﻮﺻﺎﻩ ﰲ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ ﺑﺘﻘـﻮﻯ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﻭﲟﻦ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺧﲑﹰﺍ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﻣﺮﻩ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﺸﲑ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺎﺭ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻫـﺪﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺃﰊ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺳﻞ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﳑﻦ ﻗﺪﻡ ﻣﻊ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﻴ‪‬ﺮﻫﻢ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺓ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺩﻣﺸـﻖ‬
‫ﺑﺈﻣﺮﺓ ﻫﺎﺷﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺘﺒﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻭﻗﺎﺹ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ ﻣﺪﺩﹰﺍ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺑﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺟﺮﻳﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺒﺠﻠﻲ ﻗﻮﺍﻣﻪ ﺃﺭﺑﻌـﺔ ﺁﻻﻑ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴـﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺑﺎﲡﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻰ ﺑﻘﺎﺋﺪ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﻓﻬﺰﻣﻪ ﺷﺮ ﻫﺰﳝﺔ ﻭﺳﻘﻂ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺟﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺎﺭﻕ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺚ ﺭﺳﺘﻢ ﺟﻴﺸﹰﺎ ﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ ﺃﰊ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﻓﺎﻟﺘﻘﻰ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻓﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺎﺭﻕ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳊﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺳﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺍﳌﺜﲎ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺎﺭﺛﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬ‪‬ﺰﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﻟﻮﺍ ﺍﻷﺩﺑﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺎﺭﻭﺍ ﺇﱃ )ﻛﺴـﻜﺮ(‬
‫ﻓﻠﺤﻘﻬﻢ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻫﺰﻣﻬﻢ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺟﺎﺀ‪‬ﻢ ﻗﻮﺓ ﺩﺍﻋﻤﺔ ﻟﻨﺼﺮ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓـ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﻔـﺮﺱ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺪﺍﺋﻦ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﳉﺴﺮ ‪:‬‬

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‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺰﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺎﺭﻕ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻌﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺭﺳﺘﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺭﺳﻞ ﺟﻴﺸﹰﺎ ﻛﺜﻴﻔﹰﺎ ﻭﻣﻌﻬﻢ‬
‫ﺭﺍﻳﺔ )ﻛﺴﺮﻯ( ﻭﺭﺍﻳﺔ )ﺃﻓﺮﻳﺪﻭﻥ( ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺴﻤﻰ )ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻓﺲ( ﻭﺳﺎﺭ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳉﻴﺶ ﳓـﻮ ﺍﳌﺴـﻠﻤﲔ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟﺘﻘﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ ﺟﺴﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ‪ :‬ﺇﻣﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻌﱪﻭﺍ ﺇﻟﻴﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻧﻌﱪ ﺇﻟﻴﻜﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺴـﻠﻤﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻷﰊ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ‪ :‬ﺃﻣﺮﻫﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﱪﻭﺍ ﺇﻟﻴﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻢ ﺃﺟﺮﺃ ﻣﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ ﺑﻞ ﻧﻌـﱪ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻴﻜﻢ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺍﻗﺘﺤﻢ ﺍﳉﺴﺮ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﺮﺕ ﻣﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﻋﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻓﲔ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻓﻴﻠـﺔ ﺍﻟﻔـﺮﺱ‬
‫ﺗﺆﺫﻱ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﲣﺎﻓﻬﺎ ﺧﻴﻮﳍﻢ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺟﻌﻞ ﺃﺑﺎ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﻳﺄﻣﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺑﻘﺘﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻠـﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻘﺘﻠﻮﻫﺎ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻠﺔ ﻓﻴﻞ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﻫﺠﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻀﺮﺏ ﺧﺮﻃﻮﻣﻪ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﺪﻣﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻞ‬
‫ﻭﺻﺮﺥ ﻭﻗﺘﻞ ﺃﺑﺎ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﻭﺑﺮﻙ ﻓﻮﻗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺗﻮﻟﻮﺍ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺑﻌـﺪ ﺃﰊ ﻋﺒﻴـﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺣﱴ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﳌﺜﲎ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺎﺭﺛﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺿﻌﻒ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺭﺍﺩﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺟﻊ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﱪ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﺍﳉﺴﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺘﺰﺍﲪﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﲢﻄﻢ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺟﻌﻞ ﻇﻬﻮﺭ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻟﻠﻔﺮﺱ ﻭﺑﺪﺃ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﺣﱴ ﻋﻈﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺘﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺘﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﺮﻕ ﻣﻦ ﻏﺮﻕ‪ .‬ﻓﺠﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺜﲎ ﻭﻭﻗـﻒ ﻋﻨـﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﳉﺴﺮ ﳛﻤﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻟﻴﻘﻄﻌﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺑﺒﻂﺀ ﻓﺄﺻﻠﺤﻮﺍ ﺍﳉﺴﺮ ﻭﻋﱪﻭﺍ ﺧﻼﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﺣـﱴ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻮﺍ ﻭﺍﳌﺜﲎ ﻭﺷﺠﻌﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﳛﻤﻮ‪‬ﻢ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻭﻗﻌﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﲑﻣـﻮﻙ‬
‫ﺑﺄﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻳﻮﻣﹰﺎ ﺃﻱ ﰲ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺷﻌﺒﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﻟﻠﻬﺠﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﺧﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺇﺫ ﺧﻠﻌﻮﺍ ﺭﺳﺘﻢ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻋﺎﺩﻭﺍ ﻓﻮﻟﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺿﺎﻓﻮﺍ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﲑﺯﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌـﺪﺍﺋﻦ‬
‫ﻓﻠﺤﻘﻬﻢ ﺍﳌﺜﲎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺰﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻋﺘﺮﺽ ﺳﺒﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻭﺃﺳﺮ ﻋﺪﺩﹰﺍ ﻛﺒﲑﹰﺍ ﺿﺮﺏ ﺃﻋﻨﺎﻗﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻃﻠـﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺪﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺪﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﺍﻓﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﻭﺻﻞ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺟﺮﻳـﺮ ﺑـﻦ ﻋﺒـﺪ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺠﻠﻲ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﺐ ‪:‬‬
‫ﳌﺎ ﻋﻠﻤﺖ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﺑﺎﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻴﻮﺵ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺑﻌﺜﺖ ﺟﻴﺸﹰﺎ ﻛﺜﻴﻔﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻰ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻓـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﰲ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ )ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﺐ( ﻗﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻃﻠﺒﺖ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﱪ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺗﻌـﱪ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺟﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺜﲎ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻳﻌﱪ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻓﻌﱪ ﻭﺟﺮﺕ ﻣﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﻋﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﻫﺰﻣﺖ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍ‪‬ﻮﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺘﻞ‬
‫ﻼ ﻭﻏﺮﻗﹰﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺔ ﺇﺫ ﺍﻗﺘﺺ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻛﺒﲑ ﻗﺘ ﹰ‬

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‫ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﳉﺴﺮ ﻭﻧﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﻏﻨﺎﺋﻢ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺘﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﺋﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻣﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺷﻬﺮ‬
‫ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺍﳍﺠﺮﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﻗﻀﺖ ﻣﻀﺎﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﺃﻣﺮﺍﺅﻫﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲤﻠﻴﻚ ﻳﺰﺩﺟﺮﺩ ﺑـﻦ‬
‫ﺷﻬﺮﻳﺎﺭ ﺑﻦ ﻛﺴﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺗﻔﻘﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺭﺳﻠﻮﺍ ﺑﺎﳋﱪ ﺇﱃ ﺇﺗﺒﺎﻋﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻣﺼﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺟﻌﻞ ﺍ‪‬ﻮﺱ ﻭﺃﻧﺼﺎﺭﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺻﺎﳊﻮﺍ ﺍﳌﺴـﻠﻤﲔ ﻭﺃﻇﻬـﺮﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻋـﺔ‬
‫ﻳﻨﻘﻀﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﺧﱪ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﺚ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺩ ﻭﺧﺮﺝ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﳉﻴﺶ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻭﻟﹼﻰ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺼﺤﺐ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ ﻭﺳﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﺣﱴ‬
‫ﻭﺻﻞ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎﺀ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ) ﺍﻟﺼﺮﺍﺭ ( ﻓﻌﻘﺪ ﳎﻠﺴﹰﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺸﺎﺭﻳﹰﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻠـﻲ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﰐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﻠﻬﻢ ﻭﺍﻓﻘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺃﻳﻪ ﺇﻻ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻮﻑ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻗـﺎﻝ ﻟـﻪ ‪ :‬ﺇﱐ‬
‫ﺃﺧﺸﻰ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺴﺮﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻀﻌﻒ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﰲ ﺳﺎﺋﺮ ﺃﻗﻄﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﱐ ﺃﺭﻯ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺒﻌـﺚ‬
‫ﺭﺟﻼ ﻭﺗﺮﺟﻊ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺇﱃ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳـﻌﺪ ﺑـﻦ ﺃﰊ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﺹ ﻗﺎﺋﺪﹰﺍ ﻟﻠﺠﻴﺶ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻭﺻﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺜﲎ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺎﺭﺛﺔ ﻭﺟﺮﻳﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺒﺠﻠـﻲ ﰲ‬
‫ﺇﻃﺎﻋﺔ ﺳﻌﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺃﻣﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﺗﺒﻌﺎﹰ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﳌﺜﲎ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻮﰲ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻭﺻﻮﻝ ﺳﻌﺪ‬
‫ﺇﺫ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺾ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺟﺮﺣﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺻﺎﺑﻪ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﳉﺴﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺳﻴﺔ ﺣﺴﺒﻤﺎ ﻭﺍﻋﺪﻫﻢ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻭﻗﺎﺹ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻭﺍﻣﺮ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻋﻤﺮ‬
‫ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻧﺼ‪‬ﺐ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻭﳌﺎ ﺑﻠﻎ ﺳـﻌﺪ ﻣـﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌـﺬﻳﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻋﺘﺮﺿﻪ ﺟﻴﺶ ﻟﻠﻔﺮﺱ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺰﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﻨﻢ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻏﻨﺎﺋﻢ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﺒﺪﻭ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺭﻙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻳﺘﻮﻏﻠﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺗﻄﻬﲑ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﳑـﺎ ﳚﻌـﻞ ﺍﻟﻔـﺮﺱ‬
‫ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻌﻮﻥ ﲢﺮﻳﻚ ﺟﻴﻮﺷﻬﻢ ﺇﱃ ﻗﺮﺏ ﺃﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺭﻙ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺳﻴﺔ ‪ :‬ﰒ ﺳﺎﺭ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺣﱴ ﻧﺰﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺳﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻜﺚ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺷﻬﺮﹰﺍ ﱂ ﻳـﺮ ﻓﻴـﻪ ﺃﺛـﺮ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻔﺮﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺒﺚ ﺳﺮﺍﻳﺎﻩ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﺄﺗﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﻨﺎﺋﻢ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺟﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ‬
‫ﻭﺣﻠﻔﺎﺋﻬﻢ ﻳﺘﻀﺎﻳﻘﻮﻥ ﺟﺪﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺧﱪﻭﺍ ﻣﻠﻜﻬﻢ ) ﻳﺰﺩﺟـﺮﺩ ( ﺑﺄﻧـﻪ ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻨﺠـﺪﻫﻢ ﻓـﺈ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﺳﻴﻀﻄﺮﻭﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﻣﺎ ﺑﺄﻳﺪﻳﻬﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺃﻭ ﻳﺼﺎﳊﻮ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺟﻌﻞ ) ﻳﺰﺩﺟـﺮﺩ (‬

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‫ﻳﺪﻋﻮ ﺭﺳﺘﻢ ﻭﻳﺆﻣﺮﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﺮﺏ ﲜﻴﺶ ﻛﺜﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺣﺎﻭﻝ ﺭﺳﺘﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﻔﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺑﺪﻯ ﺍﻷﻋﺬﺍﺭ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺇﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﺟﻴﺶ ﻛﺜﻴﻒ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺳﻞ ﺟﻴﺸﹰﺎ ﺇﺛﺮ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻹﺿﻌﺎﻑ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻗﺪ ﺃﺻﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺭﺳـﺎﻟﻪ‬
‫‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﳉﻴﺶ ﺍﻟﻠﺠﺐ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﻗﻮﺍﻣﻪ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺃﻟﻔﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﺪﺩﹰﺍ ﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﺭ ﺭﺳﺘﻢ ﻭﻋﺴﻜﺮ ﺑﺴﺎﺑﺎﻁ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻳﻜﺘﺐ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺣﺴـﺐ ﺃﻭﺍﻣـﺮﻩ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﳌﺎ ﺍﻗﺘﺮﺏ ﺭﺳﺘﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺑﻌﺚ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺳﻌﺪ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻳﺪﻋﻮﻧﻪ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻘﺮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻐﲑﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺷﻌﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﺷﻌﺚ ﺑـﻦ ﻗـﻴﺲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻄﺎﺭﺩ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺎﺟﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻨﻈﻠﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﺪ ﻳﻜﺮﺏ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‬
‫ﳍﻢ ﺭﺳﺘﻢ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺃﻗﺪﻣﻜﻢ ؟ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪ :‬ﺟﺌﻨﺎ ﳌﻮﻋﻮﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺇﻳﺎﻧﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﺧﺬ ﺑﻼﺩﻛـﻢ ﻭﺳـﱯ ﻧﺴـﺎﺋﻜﻢ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺑﻨﺎﺋﻜﻢ ﻭﺃﺧﺬ ﺃﻣﻮﺍﻟﻜﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﳓﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﻘﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﺄﺧﺮ ﺭﺳﺘﻢ ﰲ ﺍﳋـﺮﻭﺝ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺪﺍﺋﻦ ﻟﻠﻘﺎﺀ ﺳﻌﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺳﻴﺔ ﻣﺪﺓ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﻋﺴﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻀﺠﺮ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻭﻣـﻦ ﻣﻌـﻪ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺳﺘﻢ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺮ ﺳﻜﻮﻥ ﺣﻠﻴﻒ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﳌﺎ ﻳﺮﻯ ﻭﻳﺴﻤﻊ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﺭﻛﻬﻢ ﻭﺃﺧﻼﻗﻬﻢ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺿﻌﻔﺖ ﻣﻌﻨﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺭﺳﺘﻢ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﲰﻌﻮﺍ ﻛﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻓـﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻭﻳﻘﲔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺼﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﺎﳌﹰﺎ ﳚﻴﺒﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌـﺾ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﺎﻗ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﳌﺎ ﺍﻗﺘﺮﺏ ﺍﳉﻴﺸﺎﻥ ﻃﻠﺐ ﺭﺳﺘﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﻌﺚ ﻟﻪ ﺭﺟ ﹰ‬
‫ﺃﺳﺌﻠﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺭﺳﻞ ﻟﻪ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺍﳌﻐﲑﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺷﻌﺒﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺭﺳﺘﻢ ‪ :‬ﺇﻧﻜﻢ ﺟﲑﺍﻧﻨﺎ ﻭﻛﻨﺎ ﳓﺴﻦ ﺇﻟـﻴﻜﻢ‬
‫ﻭﻧﻜﻒ ﺍﻷﺫﻯ ﻋﻨﻜﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺭﺟﻌﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻼﺩﻛﻢ ﻭﻻ ﳕﻨﻊ ﲡﺎﺭﺗﻜﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻼﺩﻧﺎ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻟﻪ ﺍﳌﻐﲑﺓ ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻃﻠﺒﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﳘﻨﺎ ﻭﻃﻠﺒﻨﺎ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺑﻌﺚ ﺍﷲ ﺇﻟﻴﻨﺎ ﺭﺳﻮ ﹰﻻ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪ :‬ﺇﱐ ﻗﺪ ﺳﻠﻄﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﻔﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﱂ ﻳﺪﻥ ﺑﺪﻳﲏ ﻓﺄﻧﺎ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻢ ‪‬ﻢ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺟﻌﻞ ﳍﻢ ﺍﻟﻐﻠﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﺩﺍﻣﻮﺍ ﻣﻘﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺩﻳﻦ ﺍﳊﻖ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻳﺮﻏﺐ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺇﻻ ﺫﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻌﺘﺼﻢ ﺑـﻪ ﺇﻻ ﻋـﺰ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺭﺳﺘﻢ ‪ :‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ؟ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﻳﺼﻠﺢ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺃﻥ ﻻ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺃﻥ ﳏﻤﺪﹰﺍ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻹﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﲟﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ !‬
‫ﻭﺃﻱ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻭﺇﺧﺮﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﷲ‪.‬ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻭﺣﺴﻦ ﺃﻳﻀـﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻱ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﻨﻮ ﺁﺩﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻢ ﺇﺧﻮﺓ ﻷﺏ ﻭﺃﻡ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻭﺣﺴﻦ ﺃﻳﻀـﹰﺎ ‪ :‬ﰒ‬

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‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﺘﻢ ‪ :‬ﺃﺭﺃﻳﺘﻢ ﺇﻥ ﺩﺧﻠﻨﺎ ﰲ ﺩﻳﻨﻜﻢ ﺃﺗﺮﺟﻌﻮﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻼﺩﻧﺎ ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺇﻱ ﻭﺍﷲ ﰒ ﻻ ﻧﻘـﺮﺏ‬
‫ﺑﻼﺩﻛﻢ ﺇﻻ ﰲ ﲡﺎﺭﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻭﺣﺴﻦ ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻗﺪ ﺯﺍﺩ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺿﻌﺎﻑ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻨﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺭﺳﺘﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﺍﺩ ﻳﻘﻴﻨﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻧﺘﺼﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﺍﺩﺕ ﻗﻨﺎﻋﺘﻬﻢ ‪‬ـﺬﺍ ﺍﻟـﺪﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ ﺣﱴ ﺇﻥ ﺭﺳﺘﻢ ﻗﺪ ﺫﺍﻛﺮ ﻭﺟﻬﺎﺀ ﻗﻮﻣﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻹِﺳﻼﻡ ﻓﺄﻧﻔﻮﺍ ﻭﺃﺑﻮﺍ ﻓـﺄﺧﺰﺍﻫﻢ‬
‫ﺍﷲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺣﺎﻭﻝ ﺭﺳﺘﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻠﺠﺆﻭﺍ ﺇﱃ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻹﻏﺮﺍﺀ ﻓﺰﻳﻨﻮﺍ ﳎﻠﺲ ﺭﺳﺘﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻤﺎﺭﻕ ﺍﳌﺬﻫﺒـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳊﺮﻳﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻇﻬﺮﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﻶﻟﺊ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﺎﻗﻮﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﺣﺠﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﳝﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻳﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻠﺲ‬
‫ﺭﺳﺘﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺮﻳﺮ ﻭﺍﺳﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺗﺎﺝ ﻣﺮﺻﻊ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻃﻠﺐ ﺭﺳﺘﻢ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣـﻦ ﺳـﻌﺪ‬
‫ﺇﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺁﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺭﺳﻞ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺭﺑﻌﻲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﺜﻴﺎﺏ ﺻﻔﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﺃﺳﻠﺤﺔ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﺿﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻓﺮﺱ ﺻﻐﲑﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺰﻝ ﺭﺍﻛﺒﻬﺎ ﺣﱴ ﺩﺍﺳﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺒﺎﺝ ﻭﺍﳊﺮﻳﺮ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻧﺰﻝ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺭﺑﻄﻬﺎ ﰲ‬
‫ﻗﻄﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺮﻳﺮ ﻣﺰﻗﻬﺎ ﳑﺎ ﺭﺃﻯ ﺃﻣﺎﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻗﺒﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺳﺘﻢ ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺳﻼﺣﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﻟﻪ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺿﻊ ﺳﻼﺣﻚ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺇﱐ ﱂ ﺁﺗﻜﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺟﺌﺘﻜﻢ ﺣﲔ ﺩﻋﻮﲤﻮﱐ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺗﺮﻛﺘﻤﻮﱐ ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﻭﺇﻻ‬
‫ﺭﺟﻌﺖ‪ ،‬ﻓﻨﻘﻠﻮﺍ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﺮﺳﺘﻢ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺍﺋﺬﻧﻮﺍ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻗﺒﻞ ﻳﺘﻮﻛﺄ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﳏﻪ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺎﺭﻕ ﻓﺨﺮﻕ‬
‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﻟﻪ ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺑﻜﻢ ؟ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺍﷲ ﺍﺑﺘﻌﺜﻨﺎ ﻟﻨﺨﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺒـﺎﺩ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺿﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺳﻌﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺟﻮﺭ ﺍﻷﺩﻳﺎﻥ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺪﻝ ﺍﻹِﺳﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺭﺳﻠﻨﺎ ﺑﺪﻳﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺧﻠﻘﻪ ﻟﻨﺪﻋﻮﻫﻢ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻗﺒﻠﻨﺎ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻭﺭﺟﻌﻨﺎ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﰉ ﻗﺎﺗﻠﻨﺎﻩ ﺃﺑﺪﹰﺍ ﺣـﱴ‬
‫ﻧﻔﻀﻲ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻮﻋﻮﺩ ﺍﷲ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ ‪ :‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻣﻮﻋﻮﺩ ﺍﷲ ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺍﳉﻨﺔ ﳌﻦ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺘﺎﻝ ﻣـﻦ ﺃﰉ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻈﻔﺮ ﳌﻦ ﺑﻘﻲ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﺘﻢ‪ :‬ﻗﺪ ﲰﻌﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﺘﻜﻢ ﻓﻬﻞ ﻟﻜﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺆﺧﺮﻭﺍ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣـﺮ ﺣـﱴ‬
‫ﻧﻨﻈﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﺗﻨﻈﺮﻭﺍ ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻧﻌﻢ ! ﻛﻢ ﺃﺣﺐ ﺇﻟﻴﻜﻢ ؟ ﻳﻮﻣﹰﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻳﻮﻣﲔ ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻻ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﺣـﱴ‬
‫ﻧﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺭﺃﻳﻨﺎ ﻭﺭﺅﺳﺎﺀ ﻗﻮﻣﻨﺎ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺳﻦ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ  ﺃﻥ ﻧﺆﺧﺮ ﺍﻷﻋﺪﺍﺀ ﻋﻨـﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻘﺎﺀ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻼﺙ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻧﻈﺮ ﰲ ﺃﻣﺮﻙ ﻭﺃﻣﺮﻫﻢ ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻼﺙ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻷﺟﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﺳﻴﺪﻫﻢ ﺃﻧﺖ ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻻ! ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﻛﺎﳉﺴﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ ﳚﲑ ﺃﺩﻧﺎﻫﻢ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺃﻋﻼﻫـﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﺭﺳﺘﻢ ﺑﺮﺅﺳﺎﺀ ﻗﻮﻣﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻫﻞ ﺭﺃﻳﺘﻢ ﻗﻂ ﺃﻋﺰ ﻭﺃﺭﺟﺢ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻼﻡ ﻫـﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﺟـﻞ ؟‬
‫ﻓﻘﺎﻟﻮﺍ ‪ :‬ﻣﻌﺎﺫ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻥ ﲤﻴﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻭﺗﺪﻉ ﺩﻳﻨﻚ ﺇﱃ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﺐ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺗﺮﻯ ﺇﱃ ﺛﻴﺎﺑﻪ‬

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‫؟ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻭﻳﻠﻜﻢ ﻻ ﺗﻨﻈﺮﻭﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺜﻴﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮﻭﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺴـﲑﺓ‪ ،‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻌـﺮﺏ‬
‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﻔﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﺜﻴﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﳌﺄﻛﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺼﻮﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺣﺴﺎﺏ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﻌﺚ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻳﻄﻠﺒﻮﻥ ﺭﺟﻼ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻳﺮﻳﺪﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﺮﻓﻮﺍ ﳕﺎﺫﺝ ﻣـﻦ ﺍﳌﺴـﻠﻤﲔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻬﻞ ﻛﻠﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻴﻘﲔ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﻱ ؟ ﻋﻠﻬﻢ ﳚﺪﻭﻥ ﺛﻐﺮﺓ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻌﻮﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻔﺬﻭﺍ ﻣﻨـﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺒﻌﺚ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻭﻗﺎﺹ ﺭﺟﻼ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻫﻮ ﺣﺬﻳﻔﺔ ﺑﻦ ﳏﺼﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﻜﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻠﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺭﺑﻌﻲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﻜﺮﺭ ﺍﻟﻄﻠﺐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻓﺄﺭﺳﻞ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺛﺎﻟﺜﹰﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻐﲑﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺷﻌﺒﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺭﺳـﺘﻢ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻐﲑﺓ ‪ :‬ﺇﳕﺎ ﻣﺜﻠﻜﻢ ﰲ ﺩﺧﻮﻝ ﺃﺭﺿﻨﺎ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﺑﺎﺏ ﺭﺃﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻞ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻳﻮﺻﻠﲏ ﺇﻟﻴـﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻪ ﺩﺭﳘﺎﻥ؟ ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺳﻘﻂ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻏﺮﻕ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺠﻌﻞ ﻳﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﳋﻼﺹ ﻓﻠﻢ ﳚﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻌﻞ ﻳﻘـﻮﻝ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﳜﻠﺼﲏ ﻭﻟﻪ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺩﺭﺍﻫﻢ ؟ ﻭﻣﺜﻠﻜﻢ ﻛﻤﺜﻞ ﺛﻌﻠﺐ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﺩﺧﻞ ﺣﺠﺮﹰﺍ ﰲ ﻛﺮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤـﺎ‬
‫ﺭﺁﻩ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻡ ﺿﻌﻴﻔﹰﺎ ﺭﲪﻪ ﻓﺘﺮﻛﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﲰﻦ ﺃﻓﺴﺪ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﻛﺜﲑﹰﺍ ﻓﺠﺎﺀ ﲜﻴﺸﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻌﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﻐﻠﻤﺎﻧﻪ ﻓﺬﻫﺐ ﻟﻴﺨﺮﺟﻪ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻊ ﻟﺴﻤﻨﻪ ﻓﻀﺮﺑﻪ ﺣﱴ ﻗﺘﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻜﺬﺍ ﲣﺮﺟـﻮﻥ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﺑﻼﺩﻧﺎ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺍﺯﺩﺍﺩ ﻏﻀﺒﹰﺎ ﻭﲪﻘﹰﺎ ﻭﺃﻗﺴﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻷﻗﺘﻠﻨﻜﻢ ﻏﺪﹰﺍ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻐﲑﺓ ‪ :‬ﺳﺘﻌﻠﻢ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﺘﻢ ﻟﻠﻤﻐﲑﺓ ‪ :‬ﻗﺪ ﺃﻣﺮﺕ ﻟﻜﻢ ﺑﻜﺴﻮﺓ ﻭﻷﻣﲑﻛﻢ ﺑﺄﻟﻒ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻭﻛﺴﻮﺓ ﻭﻣﺮﻛﻮﺏ ﻭﺗﻨﺼﺮﻓﻮﻥ ﻋﻨﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻐﲑﺓ ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻭﻫﻨﺎ ﻣﻠﻜﻜﻢ ﻭﺿﻌﻔﻨﺎ ﻋﺰﻛﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻨﺎ ﻣﺪﺓ ﳓﻮ ﺑﻼﺩﻛﻢ ﻭﻧﺄﺧﺬ ﺍﳉﺰﻳـﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻜﻢ ﻋﻦ ﻳﺪ ﻭﺃﻧﺘﻢ ﺻﺎﻏﺮﻭﻥ ﻭﺳﺘﺼﲑﻭﻥ ﻟﻨﺎ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﹰﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﻏﻤﻜﻢ ؟‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻭﻗﺎﺹ ﻣﺮﻳﻀﹰﺎ ﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺟﻠﺲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺮ ﻣﺘﻜﺌﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺻﺪﺭﻩ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻭﺳﺎﺩﺓ ﻳﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳉﻴﺶ ﻳﺪﺑﺮ ﺃﻣﺮﻩ ﻭﻳﺼﺪﺭ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﻋﻄـﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻴـﺎﺩﺓ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺮﻓﻄﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻴﻤﻨﺔ ﺟﺮﻳﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺒﺠﻠﻲ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻴﺴﺮﺓ ﻗـﻴﺲ ﺑـﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻜﺸﻮﺡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺪﺃﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﲑﺓ ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺧﻄﺐ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﻭﺣﺜﻬﻢ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ ﺣﱴ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺍﺳﺘﺆﻧﻒ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻭﳌﺪﺓ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻴـﻮﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ﺍﺷﺘﺪ ﺃﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﺳﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﻴﺶ ﺇﺫ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﳋﻴﻮﻝ ﺗﻨﻔﺮ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺟﻌـﻞ‬

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‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻳﻮﺟﻬﻮﻥ ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻣﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺣﱴ ﻗﺘﻠﻮﻫﺎ ﻣﻊ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﺑﻠﻰ ﺟﺮﻳﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒـﺪ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺠﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻌﻘﺎﻉ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻃﻠﻴﺤﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﺪ ﻳﻜـﺮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﺎﻟـﺪ ﺑـﻦ‬
‫ﻋﺮﻓﻄﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺿﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﺑﻼﺀ ﻛﺒﲑﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻳﻘﻠﻌﻮﻥ ﻋﻴﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻠﺔ ﻓﺘﺸﺮﺩ ﲟﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﻬـﺎ ﰒ‬
‫ﺗﻘﺘﻞ ﻭﻳﻘﺘﻞ ﺃﺻﺤﺎ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺍﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻋﺮﻑ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺎﺩﺳﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻻﺛﻨﲔ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬
‫ﻋﺸﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻬﺮ ﳏﺮﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﻫﺒﺖ ﺭﻳﺢ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻓﺄﺯﺍﻟﺖ ﺧﻴﺎﻣﻬﻢ‬
‫ﻭﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺇﻻ ﺍﳍﺮﺏ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻌﻘﺎﻉ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻤﻲ ﻭﻫﻼﻝ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻘﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻤـﻲ‬
‫ﺭﺳﺘﻢ ﻗﺎﺋﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﺮ‪‬ﺕ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻭﳊﻘﻬﻢ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﺣﱴ ﺩﺧﻠﻮﺍ ﻭﺭﺍﺀﻫﻢ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﺪﺍﺋﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻭﻣﻘﺮ ﻳﺰﺩﺟﺮﺩ ﺑﻦ ﺷﻬﺮﻳﺎﺭ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ﻋﺸـﺮﺓ ﺁﻻﻑ‬
‫ﻭﻣﺜﻠﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﳎﻤﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻠﻰ ﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺃﻟﻔﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﺮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻠﺜﻲ ﺍﳉﻴﺶ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺸﻬﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻳﺎﻡ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﺃﻟﻔﹰﺎ ﻭﲬﺴﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﺷﻬﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﻨﻢ ﺍﳌﺴـﻠﻤﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻏﻨﺎﺋﻢ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﺟﺪﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺭﺳﻠﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﻏﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺮﻛﺔ‬
‫ﺣﱴ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳜﺮﺝ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ﺃﺣﻴﺎﻧﹰﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻳﺴﺄﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﺒﺎﻥ ﻭﻳﺘﻘﺼﻰ ﺍﻷﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﺣﱴ ﺟﺎﺀﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺄ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻗﺪ ﻧﻘﻀﺖ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤـﺎ ﻛﺎﻧـﺖ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺳﻴﺔ ﺭﺟﻊ ﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻬﻮﺩﻫﻢ ﻭﺍﺩﻋﻮﺍ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻗﺪ ﺃﺟـﱪﻭﻫﻢ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺫﻟـﻚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺾ‪.‬‬
‫ﰒ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﺑﺈﻣﺮﺓ ﺯﻫﺮﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻮﻳﺔ ﺃﻣﲑﹰﺍ ﺇﺛﺮ ﺃﻣﲑ ﳓﻮ ﺍﳌﺪﺍﺋﻦ ﻓﺎﻟﺘﻘﻮﺍ ﲜـﻴﺶ ﻓﺎﺭﺳـﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻬﺰﻣﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﲡﻪ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺰﻣﻮﻥ ﳓﻮ ﺑﺎﺑﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻄﻠﻘﺖ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﳓﻮ ‪‬ﺎﻭﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻗﺎﻡ ﺳﻌﺪ ﰲ ﺑﺎﺑﻞ‬
‫ﻋﺪﺓ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﰒ ﺳﺎﺭ ﳓﻮ ﺍﳌﺪﺍﺋﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﺘﻘﻰ ﲜﻴﺶ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻓﻬﺰﻣـﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺳـﺎﺑﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﻘـﻰ‬
‫ﺑﻜﺘﺎﺋﺐ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻟﻴﺰﺩﺟﺮﺩ ﺃﺻﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺻﺎﺏ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻗﺘ‪‬ﻞ ﻫﺎﺷﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺘﺒـﺔ ﺑـﻦ ﺃﰊ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﺹ ﺃﺳﺪ ﻳﺰﺩﺟﺮﺩ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻭﺿﻊ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﻹﺧﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺴـﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺠﺮﺓ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﲢﺼﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ )‪‬ﺮﺳﲑ( ﻭﻫﻲ ﻗﺮﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺪﺍﺋﻦ ﻻ ﻳﻔﺼﻞ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺳﻮﻯ ‪‬ﺮ ﺩﺟﻠـﺔ ﺑﻌـﺪ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻫﺰﻣﻮﺍ ﺃﻣﺎﻣﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺣﺼﺎﺭﻫﻢ ﱂ ﻳﻬﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺰﳝﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛـﺎﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻓـ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﻔـﺮﺱ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺪﺍﺋﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﻭﺭﺍﺀﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺍﻗﺘﺮﺑﻮﺍ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻻﺡ ﳍﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺮ ﺍﻷﺑﻴﺾ ﻗﺼﺮ ﻛﺴﺮﻯ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﻗﺪ ﻗﻄﻌﻮﺍ ‪‬ﺮ ﺩﺟﻠﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻓﻴﻀﺎﻥ ﻛﺒﲑ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺟﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻔـﺮﺱ‬
‫ﳜﺎﻓﻮﻥ ﻟﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻭﻳﻬﺎﺑﻮ‪‬ﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﳌﺪﺍﺋﻦ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﺩﺧﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺪﺍﺋﻦ ﻓﻠﻢ ﳚﺪﻭﺍ ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﺣﺪﹰﺍ ﺑﻞ ﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ ﻛﻠﻬﻢ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﺳﻮﻯ ﺑﻀﻌﺔ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺗﻠﺔ ﺑﻘﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺮ ﺍﻷﺑﻴﺾ‪ ،‬ﻓﺪﻋﺎﻫﻢ ﺳﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﺳﻲ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻧﺰﻟـﻮﺍ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻜﻨﻪ ﺳﻌﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻌﻞ ﺍﻻﻳﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺼﻠﻰ ﻭﺗﻼ ﺣﲔ ﺩﺧﻮﻟﻪ }ﻛﻢ ﺗﺮﻛﻮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻨﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﻋﻴﻮﻥ ﻭﺯﺭﻭﻉ ﻭﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﻛﺮﱘ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﻌﻤﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﺎﻛﻬﲔ‪ ،‬ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻭﺃﻭﺭﺛﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﻗﻮﻣﹰﺎ ﺁﺧـﺮﻳﻦ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻤﺎ ﺑﻜﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻣﻨﻈﺮﻳﻦ{ ]ﺍﻟﺪﺧﺎﻥ ‪ ،[٢٩-٢٥ :‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺻﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻳﻮﺍﻥ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺳﺔ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﻟﻠﻬﺠﺮﺓ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﺃﺳـﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺪﺍﺋﻦ ﺣﱴ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺟﻠﻮﻻﺀ ﻭﺗﻜﺮﻳﺖ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺻﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﲢﻮﻟﺖ ﺍﻷﺳﺮ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﺍﻳﺎ ﺗﺘﻌﻘﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﻳﻦ ﻓﺤﺼﻠﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﺍﻳﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﻨﺎﺋﻢ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﱂ‬
‫ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﻭﻥ ﲪﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﺘﺮﻛﻮﻫﺎ ﻭﺃﻛﺜﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻴﺎﺏ ﻛﺴﺮﻯ ﻭﻟﺒﺎﺳﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻗـﺪ ﲬﹼـﺲ ﺳـﻌﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﻨﺎﺋﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻌﺚ ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺑﺸﲑ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﺼﺎﺻﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻬـﺎ ﺑﺴـﺎﻁ ﻛﺴـﺮﻯ ﻭﺗﺎﺟـﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺳﻮﺍﺭﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺭﺁﻫﺎ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻗﻮﻣﺎ ﺃﺩﻭﺍ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻷﻣﻨﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟـﻪ ﻋﻠـﻲ‬
‫ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ :‬ﺇﻧﻚ ﻋﻔﻔﺖ ﻓﻌﻔﺖ ﺭﻋﻴﺘﻚ ﻭﻟﻮ ﺭﺗﻌﺖ ﻟﺮﺗﻌﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺘﺢ ﺟﻠﻮﻻﺀ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﺮ ﻳﺰﺩﺟﺮﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺪﺍﺋﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﲡﺎﻩ ﺣﻠﻮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻒ ﺣﻮﻟﻪ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺳﲑﻩ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺄﻣﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻣﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻗﺎﻣﻮﺍ ﲜﻠﻮﻻﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﲢﺼﻨﻮﺍ ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻔﺮﻭﺍ ﺍﳋﻨﺎﺩﻕ ﺣﻮﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺒﻌﺚ ﺳﻌﺪ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﳜﱪﻩ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻣﺮﻩ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻴﻢ ﻫﻮ ﺑﺎﳌﺪﺍﺋﻦ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺳﻞ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ‬
‫ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﺧﻴﻪ ﻫﺎﺷﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺘﺒﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻭﻗﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻌﻘـﺎﻉ ﺑـﻦ ﻋﻤـﺮﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻴﻤﻨﺔ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻴﺴﺮﺓ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺆﺧﺮﺓ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ‬
‫ﺑﻦ ﻣﺮﺓ ﺍﳉﻬﲏ‪ ،‬ﻓﻔﻌﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﺎﺭ ﻫﺎﺷﻢ ﻭﺣﺎﺻﺮﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺷﺘﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺪﺍﺕ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻓﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺧﲑﺍﹰ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺟﻠﻮﻻﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺘﻠﻮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ ﺣﱴ ﲡﻠـﺖ‬

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‫ﲜﺜﺜﻬﻢ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺮﺯ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺑﻄﺎﻝ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻌﻘﺎﻉ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑـﻦ ﻣﻌـﺪ‬
‫ﻳﻜﺮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺠﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﺲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻜﺸﻮﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻃﻠﻴﺤﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺪﻱ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺘﺢ ﺣﻠﻮﺍﻥ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﻌﺚ ﻫﺎﺷﻢ ﰲ ﺃﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺰﻣﲔ ﺍﻟﻘﻌﻘﺎﻉ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﻓﻜﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻳﻔﺮﻭﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﻬﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻏﻨﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﲢﺮﻛﺎﺗﻪ ﺗﻠﻚ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻏﻨﺎﺋﻢ ﺟﻠﻮﻻﺀ ﻻ ﺗﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ ﻏﻨﺎﺋﻢ ﺍﳌﺪﺍﺋﻦ‪ .‬ﻭﻗـﺪ ﺍﺩﺭﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻌﻘﺎﻉ ﻣﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﻭﻗﺘﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﳒﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﲑﺯﺍﻥ ﻓﺴﺎﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺣﻠﻮﺍﻥ ﻭﺃﺧﱪ ﻳﺰﺩﺟﺮﺩ ﻓﺘﺮﻙ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺑﻌـﺪ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻙ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﺋﺪﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺎﺭ ﻫﻮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺮﻱ )ﻃﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ(‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﻌﻘﺎﻉ ﺇﱃ ﺣﻠـﻮﺍﻥ ﻓﺎﻧﺘﺼـﺮ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺎﻣﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺩﺧﻠﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺘﺢ ﺗﻜﺮﻳﺖ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺻﻞ ‪:‬‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺳﺎﺭ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻫﺎﺷﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺘﺒﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺟﻠﻮﻻﺀ ﺳﺎﺭ ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻜﺮﻳﺖ ﻋﺒـﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑـﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺟﻴﺶ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻭﺻﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻜﺮﻳﺖ ﻭﺟﺪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﲨﺎﻋـﺔ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻧﺼﺎﺭﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺇﻳﺎﺩ ﻭﺗﻐﻠﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻞ ﻓﺤﺎﺻﺮﻫﻢ ﺃﺭﺑﻌـﲔ‬
‫ﻳﻮﻣﹰﺎ ﻧﺎﺯﳍﻢ ﺧﻼﳍﺎ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﹰﺎ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﺘﺼﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺩﺧﻞ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻋﻨﻮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺘﻞ‬
‫ﲨﻴﻊ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺳﻮﻯ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﺮﺍﺏ‪ .‬ﻭﺳﺎﺭ ﺭﺑﻌﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻻﻓﻜﻞ ﺑﻌـﺪﻫﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻮﺻـﻞ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺿﻄﺮ ﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﺮﺿﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺘﺢ ﻣﺎﺳﺒﺬﺍﻥ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﻠﻎ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻗﺪ ﲡﻤﻌﺖ ﰲ ﻣﺎﺳﺒﺬﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳝﲔ ﺣﻠﻮﺍﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﳘﺪﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺧﱪ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻓﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺳﻞ ﳍﻢ ﺟﻴﺸﹰﺎ ﺑـﺈﻣﺮﺓ ﺿـﺮﺍﺭ ﺑـﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻔﻬﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻓﻔﻌﻞ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﺼﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺮﺏ ﺃﻫﻞ ﻣﺎﺳﺒﺬﺍﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺭﺅﻭﺱ ﺍﳉﺒﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻓﺪﻋﺎﻫﻢ‬
‫ﺿﺮﺍﺭ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﻮﺍ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﱂ ﻳﺴﻠﻢ ﻓﻮﺿﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻷﻫﻮﺍﺯ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﻐﻠﺐ ﺍﳍﺮﻣﺰﺍﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻷﻫﻮﺍﺯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺑﻴﻮﺗﺎﺕ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺭﺓ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻓﺮﻭﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺳﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﻳﻐﲑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺩﺍﻧﺖ ﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺟﻴﺸﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﻄﻠﻖ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﺘﺒﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻏﺰﻭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻣـﻦ‬

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‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺣﺎﻛﻤﻬﺎ ﺃﰊ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺟﱪﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻃﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻋﻄﻮﻩ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ .‬ﰒ ﻧﻘﺾ ﺍﳍﺮﻣﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺢ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺎﻥ ﲜﻤﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜـﺮﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﱪﺯ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﻓﻬﺰﻣﻮﻩ ﻓﺘﺤﺼﻦ ﰲ ﺗﺴﺘﺮ )ﺷﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ(‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺻﺎﳊﻮﺍ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺭﺃﻭﺍ ﺇﺻﻼﺡ ﺑﻼﺩﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﻓﻌﻮﺍ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻳ ٍﺪ ﻭﻫﻢ ﺻﺎﻏﺮﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺟﻌﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳍﺮﻣﺰﺍﻥ ﻳﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺢ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺼﺎﱀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺪﻥ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ )ﺗﺴﺘﺮ( ﻭ )ﺟﻨﺪﻳﺴـﺎﺑﻮﺭ(‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺣﺮﻗﻮﺹ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻫﲑ ﻗﺪ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺳﻮﻕ ﺍﻷﻫﻮﺍﺯ‪ .‬ﰒ ﻧﻘﺾ ﺍﳍﺮﻣﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺢ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﲢﺮﻳﺾ ﻳﺰﺩﺟﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻠﻎ ﺍﳋﱪ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻣﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﲑ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺟﻴﺶ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﺑﺈﻣﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺎﻥ ﺑـﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﻣﻘﺮ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻭﻗﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﲑ ﺟﻴﺶ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺼـﺮﺓ‬
‫ﺑﺈﻣﺮﺓ ﺳﻬﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﻤﻴﻊ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺳﲑﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺭﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓـﺎﻟﺘﻘﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳍﺮﻣﺰﺍﻥ ﻓﻬﺰﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻔﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺗﺴﺘﺮ ﻓﺴﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺳﻬﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﳊﻘﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺤﺎﺻـﺮﻭﻩ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳊﺮﺏ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺳﱪﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺭﻫﻢ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻭﺟﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺍﳍﺮﻣﺰﺍﻥ ﻋﺪﺩﹰﺍ ﻛﺒﲑﹰﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺗﻠﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺘﺒﻮﺍ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻣﻮﺳـﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺮﻱ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺬﻫﺐ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﻣﺪﺩﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﺎﺭ ﳓـﻮﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺎﺻـﺮﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﻔـﺮﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺿـﻄﺮﻫﻢ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺴﻼﻡ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪ ﻋﻨﻮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﳉﺄ ﺍﳍﺮﻣﺰﺍﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺤﺎﺻـﺮﻭﻩ ﻭﺃﺟـﱪﻭﻩ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺴﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺭﺳﻠﻮﻩ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﺑﺎﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻭﻓﺪ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻷﺣﻨﻒ ﺑﻦ ﻗﻴﺲ ﻭﺃﻧﺲ ﺑﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫ﰒ ﺳﺎﺭ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺳﱪﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺭﻫﻢ ﰲ ﻗﺴﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻴﺶ ﻭﻣﻌﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺮﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺎﻥ ﺑـﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺮﻥ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺼﺤﺒﻮﺍ ﻣﻌﻬﻢ ﺍﳍﺮﻣﺰﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺎﺭﻭﺍ ﺣﱴ ﻧﺰﻟﻮﺍ )ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺱ( ﻓﺤﺎﺻﺮﻭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺘـﺐ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺟﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺮﻱ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﲑ ﺯﺭ ﺑﻦ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻛﻠﻴﺐ ﺇﱃ ﺟﻨﺪﻳﺴﺎﺑﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻌﺚ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺳﱪﺓ ﺑﺎﳋﻤﺲ ﻭﺑﺎﳍﺮﻣﺰﺍﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﳌﺎ ﻭﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺪ ﺑﺎﳍﺮﻣﺰﺍﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﲡﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻴﻞ ﳍﻢ ‪ :‬ﺇﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﳌﺴـﺠﺪ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻘﺎﺀ ﻭﻓﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻧﻄﻠﻘﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺮﻭﺍ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﳌﺎ ﳘﻮﺍ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻮﺩﺓ ﻗـﺎﻝ ﳍـﻢ‬
‫ﻏﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﻳﻠﻌﺒﻮﻥ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ‪ :‬ﺇﻧﻪ ﻧﺎﺋﻢ ﰲ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻧﻄﻠﻘﻮﺍ ﻓﻮﺟﺪﻭﻩ ﻧﺎﺋﻤـﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘـﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﳍﺮﻣﺰﺍﻥ ‪ :‬ﺃﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ؟ ﻓﺄﺷﺎﺭﻭﺍ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺩﻫﺶ ﻟﻌﺪﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﳊﺮﺱ ﻭﺍﳊﺠﺎﺏ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺍﻋﺘـﺎﺩ‬

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‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﻯ ﰲ ﻣﻠﻮﻙ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﻭﺃﻛﺎﺳﺮ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬ﻭﻓﺘﺤﺖ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺱ ﻋﻨﻮﺓ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺣﺼﺎﺭ ﺣﱴ ﻃﻠـﺐ ﺃﻫﻠـﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺯﺭ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺟﻨﺪ ﻳﺴﺎﺑﻮﺭ‪.‬ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺑﻼﺩ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺀ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﻀﺮﻣﻲ ﻭﺍﱄ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻦ ﻳﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﺳـﻌﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻭﻗﺎﺹ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺮ ﻟﺴﻌﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺳﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺼـﺪﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻊ‪ ،‬ﺃﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺀ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻨﺪﺏ ﺍﻟﻨـﺎﺱ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳉﻬـﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺿﺪ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﳉﻴﺶ ﻭﻋﱪ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺀ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﻀﺮﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﺇﱃ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺘـﻪ ﻭﺫﻟـﻚ‬
‫ﺩﻭﻥ ﺇﺫﻥ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ‪ ،‬ﺍﲡﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺀ ﳓﻮ ﺍﺻﻄﺨﺮ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻗﺪ ﺣﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﺑـﲔ ﺍﳌﺴـﻠﻤﲔ‬
‫ﻭﺳﻔﻨﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﺟﺪ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﺃﻧﻔﺴﻬﻢ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﻠﻤﻮﺍ ﺟﻬـﺪﻫﻢ ﻭﻗـﺎﺗﻠﻮﺍ ﺑﻘـﻮﺓ‬
‫ﻓﻨﺼﺮﻫﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪﻭﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺧﺮﺟﻮﺍ ﻳﺮﻳﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻢ ﳚﺪﻭﺍ ﺳﻔﻨﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺭﺃﻭﺍ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ‬
‫ﻗﺪ ﻗﻄﻌﻮﺍ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺿﻄﺮﻭﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﺀ ﳏﺎﺻﺮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺻﻞ ﺍﳋﱪ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺘﺄﺛﺮ ﺟﺪﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺮ ﺑﻌﺰﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻃﻠﺐ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﻻﻟﺘﺤﺎﻕ ﺑﺴﻌﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻭﻗﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﻃﻠﺐ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺘﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻦ ﻏﺰﻭﺍﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﺠﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺀ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺭﺳﻞ ﻗﻮﺓ ﺑﺈﻣﺮﺓ ﺃﰊ ﺳﱪﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺭﻫﻢ ﻭﻣﻌﻪ ﻫﺎﺷﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺘﺒﺔ ﺑﻦ‬
‫ﺃﰊ ﻭﻗﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺎﺻﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﺣﻨﻒ ﺑﻦ ﻗﻴﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺬﻳﻔﺔ ﺑﻦ ﳏﺼﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺮﻓﺠـﺔ ﺍﺑـﻦ‬
‫ﻫﺮﲦﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﺍﺛﻨﺎ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺃﻟﻔﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺎﺭﺕ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﺣﱴ ﻭﺻﻠﺖ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻜـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺣﺼﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﺸﺐ ﺑﲔ ﺍﶈﺎﺻﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ‪ ،‬ﻓﺠﺎﺀﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﺍﻧﺘﺼﺎﺭﹰﺍ ﺭﺍﺋﻌﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻋـﺎﺩ ﺍﳉﻤﻴـﻊ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺘﺒـﺔ ﺑـﻦ ﻏـﺰﻭﺍﻥ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ‪.‬ﻭﲡﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﰲ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ‪‬ﺎﻭﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﻻ ﻳﺮﻳـﺪ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻳﻨﺴﺎﺡ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺑﻼﺩ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻌﺔ ﺧﻮﻓﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺿﻴﺎﻋﻬﻢ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﻮﻓﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﺪﺓ ﺣﱴ ﻭﺻﻞ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻷﺣﻨﻒ ﺑﻦ ﻗﻴﺲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺴﻮﻕ ﺍﳍﺮﻣﺰﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﺄﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺍﻷﺣﻨﻒ ﺑﻦ ﻗﻴﺲ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﺣﻮﺍﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﳜﺸﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺴـﻠﻤﻮﻥ‬
‫ﳛﻴﻔﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻣﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳚﻌﻠﻬﻢ ﻳﻨﻘﻀﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪ :‬ﻟﻌـﻞ ﺍﳌﺴـﻠﻤﲔ‬
‫ﻳﻔﻀﻮﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻣﺔ ﺑﺄﺫﻯ ﻭﺑﺄﻣﻮﺭ ﳍﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻨﺘﻘﻀﻮﻥ ﺑﻜﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺟﺎﺏ ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻧﻌﻠـﻢ ﺇﻻ ﻭﻓـﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻭﺣﺴﻦ ﻣﻠﻜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻓﻜﻴﻒ ﻫﺬﺍ ؟ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻷﺣﻨﻒ ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ‪ ،‬ﺃﺧﱪﻙ ﺃﻧﻚ ‪‬ﻴﺘﻨـﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺍﻻﻧﺴﻴﺎﺡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺮﺗﻨﺎ ﺑﺎﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺪﻳﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻣﻠﻚ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﺣـﻲ ﺑـﲔ‬

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‫ﺃﻇﻬﺮﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇ‪‬ﻢ ﻻ ﻳﺰﺍﻟﻮﺍ ﻳﺴﺎﺟﻠﻮﻧﻨﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺩﺍﻡ ﻣﻠﻜﻬﻢ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﻭﱂ ﳚﺘﻤﻊ ﻣﻠﻜﺎﻥ ﻳﺘﻔﻘـﺎﻥ ﺣـﱴ‬
‫ﳜﺮﺝ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ ‪ :‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺃﻧﺎ ﱂ ﻧﺄﺧﺬ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺎﻧﺒﻌﺎﺛﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻣﻠﻜﻬـﻢ‬
‫ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺒﻌﺜﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺰﺍﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺩﺃ‪‬ﻢ ﺣﱴ ﺗﺄﺫﻥ ﻟﻨﺎ ﻓﻠﻨﺴﺢ ﰲ ﺑﻼﺩﻫﻢ ﺣﱴ ﻧﺰﻳﻠﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ‬
‫ﻭﳔﺮﺟﻪ ﻋﻦ ﳑﻠﺘﻜﻪ ﻭﻋ ‪‬ﺰ ﺃﻣﺘﻪ ‪ :‬ﻓﻬﻨﺎﻟﻚ ﻳﻨﻘﻄﻊ ﺭﺟﺎﺀ ﺃﻫﻞ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪ :‬ﺻﺪﻗﺘﲏ ﻭﺍﷲ‬
‫ﻭﺷﺮﺣﺖ ﱄ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺣﻘﻪ‪.‬ﻭﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻗﺪ ﲡﻤﻌﻮﺍ ﰲ‬
‫‪‬ﺎﻭﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺟﻌﻠﻪ ﻳﺄﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺴﻴﺎﺡ ﰲ ﺃﺭﺽ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺭﻏﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﲑ ﻫﻮ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺭﺃﺱ ﺟﻴﺶ ﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﺭﺃﻭﺍ ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﺪﻝ ﻋﻦ ﺭﺃﻳـﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻗﻨﻌﻪ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺘﺐ ﺇﱃ ﺣﺬﻳﻔﺔ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﲑ ﲜﻨـﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﱃ ﺃﰊ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺮﻱ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﲑ ﲜﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻘﺮﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴـﲑ‬
‫ﲜﻨﺪ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻮﺍ ﻓﻜﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻨﺪﻩ ﺃﻣﲑﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻘﺮﻥ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻓﻘﻴﺲ ﺑـﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻜﺸﻮﺡ ﻭ‪ ...‬ﺣﱴ ﲰﻰ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺃﻣﺮﺍﺀ‪.‬ﻭﺳﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﳓﻮ ‪‬ﺎﻭﻧﺪ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻋـﺪﺩﻫﻢ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﲔ ﺃﻟﻔﹰﺎ ﺇﻻ ﻗﻠﻴﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﲡﻤﻊ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺎﺋﺔ ﻭﺍﳋﻤﺴﲔ ﺃﻟﻔـﺎﹰ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺭﻙ ﺳﺠﺎﻻ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻓﲔ ﻣﺪﺓ ﻳﻮﻣﻲ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﳋﻤﻴﺲ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺍﻧﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺃﻋﺪﺍﺋﻬﻢ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺟﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻳﺪﺧﻠﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﻳﺘﺤﺼﻨﻮﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺤﺎﺻﺮﻫﻢ ﺍﳌﺴـﻠﻤﻮﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﳌﺎ ﻃﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺼﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺎﻥ ﺭﺟﺎﻟﻪ ﻓﺄﺷﺎﺭﻭﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺃﻣﺎﻣﻬﻢ ﺣﱴ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺑﺘﻌﺪﻭﺍ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺣﺼﻮ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻧﻘﻀﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻌﻘﺎﻉ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﺪﺃ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺃﻭﳍﻢ ﻓﻔﻌﻞ ﻓﻠﺤﻘﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ‪ .‬ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺍﺑﺘﻌﺪﻭﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺼﻮ‪‬ﻢ ﺑﺪﺃ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺘـﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻭﻧﺸﺒﺖ ﻣﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﺣﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻭﲡﻠﻞ ﻭﺟـﻪ ﺍﻟﺜـﺮﻯ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳉﺜﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻘﻂ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺎﻥ ﻋﻦ ﻓﺮﺳﻪ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺸﻬﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺳﻮﻯ ﺃﺧﻴﻪ ﻧﻌﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓـﺄﺧﻔﻰ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﺃﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻳﺔ ﻭﺳﻠﻤﻬﺎ ﳊﺬﻳﻔﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻓﻘﺎﺩ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻧﺘﻬﺎﺋﻬﺎ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ ﻧﻌﻴﻢ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻨﺪ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺼﺮﻉ ﻗﺎﺋﺪﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺎﻥ‪ .‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﻗﺎﺋﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﺍﻟﻔﲑﺯﺍﻥ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻓﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﳊﻘﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﻌﻘﺎﻉ ﻭﻗﺘﻠـﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺛﻨﻴﺔ ﳘﺪﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﺧﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ‪‬ﺎﻭﻧﺪ ﻋﻨﻮﺓ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻓﺘﺤﻮﺍ ﺃﺻﺒﻬﺎﻥ )ﺟﻲ(‪ .‬ﻭﻓﺘﺢ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺮﻱ )ﻗﻢ( ﻭﻗﺎﺷﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﺘﺢ ﺳﻬﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺪﻱ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ )ﻛﺮﻣﺎﻥ(‪ .‬ﻭﳌﺎ ﻭﺻﻠﺖ ﺃﺧﺒﺎﺭ ‪‬ﺎﻭﻧﺪ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﺑﻜﻰ ﺑﻜﺎﺀ ﻣﺮﻳﺮﹰﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻬﺪﺍﺋﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻟﻪ ﺷﻬﻴﺪ ﺯﺍﺩ ﺑﻜﺎﺅﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﳌﺎ‬

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‫ﻭﺻﻠﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺃﲰﺎﺀ ﻻ ﻳﻌﺮﻓﻬﺎ ﺑﻜﻰ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺿﺮﻫﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻳﻌﺮﻓﻬﻢ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ؟ ﻟﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺍﷲ ﻳﻌﺮﻓﻬﻢ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﻛﺮﻣﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﺼﻨﻌﻮﻥ ﲟﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﺮﺀ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﻫﻨـﺎ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻳﻘﻒ ﻭﻗﻔﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻟﻸﻣﺮﺍﺀ ﻭﻗﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﳉﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻻ ﳜﺘﺎﺭ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻌﲔ ﺍﳉﻨﺪﻱ ﺃﻣﲑﹰﺍ ﰒ ﻻ ﻳﻠﺒﺚ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻀﻊ ﺃﻣﲑﹰﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻳﻌﻴﺪﻩ ﺟﻨﺪﻳﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻳﻘﺎﺗﻞ ﲢﺖ ﺭﺍﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻷﻣﺲ ﻳﻘﺎﺗﻞ ﲢﺖ ﺭﺍﻳﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺣﱴ ﻻ ﺗﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﺑﺈﻧﺴـﺎﻥ ﻧﻔـﺲ‬
‫ﻭﻛﻲ ﻳﺸﻌﺮ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﹰﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮﺍﺿﻊ ﻭﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻗﺘﺎﻟﻪ ﺇﳕﺎ ﻫﻮ ﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﺸـﻌﺮ‬
‫ﻛﻞ ﺟﻨﺪﻱ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻴﺶ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﳌﺎ ﻓﺘﺤﺖ ‪‬ﺎﻭﻧﺪ ﺃﻣﺮ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺴﻴﺎﺡ ﰲ ﺃﺭﺽ ﻓـﺎﺭﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻋﻄﻴـﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻣﺮ ﻟﺴﺒﻌﺔ ﺃﻣﺮﺍﺀ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮﻏﻞ ﰲ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻕ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﺑﻐﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﳉﻴﺶ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻠﻖ ﻭﺑﻐـﺾ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﻭﲡﻬﻴﺰﺍﺗﻪ ﻭﺑﻐﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻼﻗﻴﻬـﺎ ﻭﻋـﺪﺩﻫﺎ ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻮﻧﻮﺍ ﻟﻴﻘﺎﺗﻠﻮﺍ ﺑﻌﺪﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻘﻮﺓ ﲡﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺑﻘﻮﺓ ﺍﻹِﳝﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳛﻤﻠﻮﻧـﻪ ﺑـﲔ‬
‫ﺟﻮﺍﳓﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺳﺎﺭ ﻧﻌﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻘﺮﻥ ﺇﱃ ﳘﺪﺍﻥ ﻓﻔﺘﺤﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻗﻴﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﺳـﲑﻩ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺮﻱ )ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻃﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ( ﻓﻔﺘﺤﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺑﻌﺚ ﺑﺄﺧﻴﻪ ﺳﻮﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻘﺮﻥ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺃﻭﺍﻣـﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻗﻮﻣﺲ ﻓﺄﺧﺬﻫﺎ ﺳﻠﻤﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﺎﱀ ﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﺎﺀ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺃﻫﻞ )ﺟﺮﺟﺎﻥ( ﻭ )ﻃﱪﺳـﺘﺎﻥ(‬
‫ﻭﺻﺎﳊﻮﻩ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻧﻌﻴﻢ ﻗﺪ ﺑﻌﺚ ﻭﻫﻮ ‪‬ﻤﺪﺍﻥ )ﺑﻜﲑ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ( ﺇﱃ ﺃﺫﺭﺑﻴﺠـﺎﻥ ﰒ ﺃﻣـﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺑﺴﻤﺎﻙ ﺑﻦ ﺧﺮﺷﺔ ﻓﻔﺘﺢ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺑﻼﺩ ﺃﺫﺭﺑﻴﺠﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﲔ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﺘﺒﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻓﺮﻗﺪ ﻳﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﻠـﺪﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺳﺎﺭ ﺳﺮﺍﻗﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﳓﻮ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﺑﻮﺍﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻮﺍﺣﻞ ﲝﺮ ﺍﳋﺰﺭ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺘﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺭﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﻓﺼﺎﱀ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﻣﻠﻜﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺭﺳﻠﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺳﺮﺍﻗﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ‪،‬‬
‫ﰒ ﺑﻌﺚ ﺳﺮﺍﻗﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳉﺒﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺑﻜﲑ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺒﻴﺐ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺬﻳﻔـﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻦ ﺃﺳﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺭﺑﻴﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺳﺮﺍﻗﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ‬
‫ﺑﻦ ﺭﺑﻴﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻗﺮ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺫﻟﻚ‪.‬‬

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‫‪ -٣‬ﺳﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﺣﻨﻒ ﺑﻦ ﻗﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺟﻴﺶ ﺣﱴ ﺩﺧﻞ ﺧﺮﺍﺳﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﺴﲔ ﻓﻔﺘﺢ ﻫـﺮﺍﺓ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ )ﺻﺤﺎﺭ ﺑﻦ ﻓﻼﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪﻱ(‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺎﺭ ﳓﻮ )ﻣﺮﻭ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻫﺠﺎﻥ( ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬
‫‪‬ﺮ ﻫﺮﺍﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻣﺘﻠﻜﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ )ﺣﺎﺭﺛﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺎﻥ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺳﺎﺭ ﺇﱃ )ﻣﺮﻭ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺫ( ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺩﻱ )ﻣﻮﺭﻏﺎﺏ( ﻟﻴﻼﺣﻖ ﻳﺰﺩﺟﺮﺩ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻓﺮ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺻﻠﺖ ﺍﻻﻣﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﻣـﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓـﺔ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺣﻨﻒ ﺑﻦ ﻗﻴﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺪﺩ ﳓﻮ )ﺑﻠﺦ( ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﻞ ﻳﺰﺩﺟﺮﺩ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻄﺎﻉ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺩﺧﻮﻝ ﺑﻠﺦ‪ ،‬ﻓﻔﺮ ﺑﺰﺩﺟﺮﺩ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻼﺩ ﻣﺎ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﳊﻖ ﺍﻷﺣﻨﻒ ﺑﺄﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﰲ ﺑﻠﺦ ﻭﻗﺪ‬
‫ﻧﺼﺮﻫﻢ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪﻭﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﺍﻷﺣﻨﻒ ﺳﻴﺪ ﺧﺮﺍﺳﺎﻥ ﺇﺫ ﺗﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻗـﺪ‬
‫ﺷﺬﻭﺍ ﺃﻭ ﲢﺼﻨﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺢ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﺣﻨﻒ ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺮﻭ ﻗﺪ ﺑﻌﺚ )ﻣﻄﺮﻑ ﺑﻦ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ( ﺇﱃ ﻧﻴﺴﺎﺑﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﺍﳊﺎﺭﺙ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺴﺎﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺳﺮﺧﺲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﺎﺩ ﺍﻷﺣﻨﻒ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺮﻭ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺫ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ )ﻃﺨﺎﺭﺳـﺘﺎﻥ( )ﺭﺑﻌـﻲ ﺑـﻦ ﻋـﺎﻣﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻤﻲ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻷﺣﻨﻒ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻋﻤﺮﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﺑﻔﺘﺢ ﺧﺮﺍﺳﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺘﺐ ﻋﻤـﺮ ﺑـﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﺣﻨﻒ "ﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ‪ :‬ﻓﻼ ﲡﻮﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺮ ﻭﺍﻗﺘﺼﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺩﻭﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻋﺮﻓﺘﻢ ﺑـﺄﻱ‬
‫ﺷﻲﺀ ﺩﺧﻠﺘﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﺮﺍﺳﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺪﺍﻭﻣﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺩﺧﻠﺘﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻳﺪﻡ ﻟﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺼـﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻳـﺎﻛﻢ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺗﻌﱪﻭﺍ ﻓﺘﻨﻔﻀﻮﺍ"‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﻭﺍﲡﻪ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺟﻴﺶٍ ﺇﱃ ﺍﺻﻄﺨﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﺟﺘﺎﺯ ﻣﻴـﺎﻩ ﺍﳋﻠـﻴﺞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﰊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﻔﺘﺢ ﺟﺰﻳﺮﺓ )ﺑﺮﻛﺎﻭﺍﻥ( ﻭﻧﺰﻝ ﺃﺭﺽ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ‪ ،‬ﻓﻔﺘﺢ ﺟـﻮﺭ ﻭﺍﺻـﻄﺨﺮ‬
‫ﻭﺷﲑﺍﺯ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺍﻧﻀﻢ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺮﻱ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﻋﻮﻥ ﺃﺧﻴﻪ ﰲ ﻓﺘﻮﺣﺎﺗﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﻭﺍﲡﻪ ﺳﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻧﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﻨﺎﱐ ﳓﻮ ﲢﺸﺪ ﻟﻠﻔﺮﺱ ﻓﺤﺎﺻـﺮﻫﻢ ﻓﺎﺳـﺘﻨﺠﺪﻭﺍ ﺑـﺎﻷﻛﺮﺍﺩ‬
‫ﻓﺄﻣﺪﻭﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﻜﺎﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻭﺃﺻﺒﺤﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺧﻄﺮ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻋﻨﺪﺋﺬ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺄ ﺳـﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺳﻔﺢ ﺟﺒﻞ ﻭﺍﲣﺬ ﺫﺭﻭﺗﻪ ﺩﺭﺀﹰﺍ ﻟﻪ ﳛﻤﻲ ﻣﺆﺧﺮﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺍﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻄﺎﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺼﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺳﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﳓﻮ ﺍﳉﺒﻞ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑـﻦ ﺍﳋﻄـﺎﺏ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﳜﻄﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﱪ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﺮﺽ ﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺧﻄﺒﺘﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻗﺎﻝ )ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﳉﺒﻞ ‪ ...‬ﺍﳉﺒﻞ‬
‫‪ ...‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﻋﻰ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻇﻠﻢ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺳﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻗﺪ ﲰﻊ ﻛﻤﺎ ﲰﻊ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺴـﻤﻌﻮﻥ‬

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‫ﺧﻄﺒﺔ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﻭﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺕ ﺍﻟـﺬﻱ ﲰﻌـﻪ ﻳﺸـﺒﻪ‬
‫ﺻﻮﺕ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﻌﺪﻝ ﺑﺎﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳉﺒﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٦‬ﻭﺳﺎﺭ ﻋﺎﺻﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻤﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺃﺱ ﻗﻮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺇﻗﻠﻴﻢ ﺳﺠﺴـﺘﺎﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﺧﻞ ﻋﺎﺻﻤﺘﻬﺎ )ﺯﺭﻧﺞ( ﺑﻌﺪ ﺣﺼﺎﺭ ﻃﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﺿﻄﺮ ﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻃﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺼـﻠﺢ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﻮﱃ ﻋﺎﺻﻢ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻮﻃﻴﺪ ﺍﻷﻣﻦ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٧‬ﻭﺳﺎﺭ ﺳﻬﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺪﻱ ﺍﳋﺰﺭﺟﻲ ﲜﻴﺶ ﺇﱃ ﻛﺮﻣﺎﻥ ﻓﻔﺘﺤﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٨‬ﻭﺍﻧﻄﻠﻖ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﲑ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻠﱯ ﺑﻘﻮﺓ ﺇﱃ )ﻣﻜﺮﺍﻥ(‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺒﻌﻪ ﻣﺪﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘـﻰ ﺍﳌﺴـﻠﻤﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫ﺑﺄﻋﺪﺍﺋﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺎﻃﺊ ‪‬ﺮ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﱪ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻬﻢ ﱂ ﻳﺼـﻤﺪﻭﺍ ﻃـﻮﻳ ﹰ‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎﻣﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﻣﻌﺴﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺘﻠﻮﺍ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻋﺪﺩﹰﺍ ﻛﺒﲑﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﺘﺤﻮﺍ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٩‬ﻭﺍﲡﻪ ﻋﺘﺒﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻓﺮﻗﺪ ﺇﱃ ﺟﻬﺔ ﴰﺎﻝ ﻏﺮﰊ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﻓﻔﺘﺤﻬﺎ ‪ -‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻣﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﺎ ‪. -‬‬
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 ‫‪@ æbàrÇ@č†èflÇ@¿@pbflyìnÐÛa‬‬
‫ﺍﳉﺒﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺭﻱ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﳉﺒﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻗﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫• ﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻬﺪ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻣﻠﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺘﻮﺣﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺗﺘﻤﺔ ﳌﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﻟﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻘﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮﺕ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻮﺣـﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟـﱪ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﻣﺪﺓ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺃﻋﻮﺍﻡ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻥ ﻣﺎ ﺣﺪﺙ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﲔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﲔ ﳍﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺘﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪ ﺟﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﺗﻨﺴـﻰ‬
‫ﻓﻄﻐﺖ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻨﺔ ﺣﱴ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﰲ ﻋﻬﺪ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺳﻮﻯ ﻓﺘﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻧﺸﺄﺕ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻌﺘﻪ ﻭﺩﺍﻣﺖ ﺑﻘﻴﺔ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺖ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺸﻬﺎﺩﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺑﻐﺰﻭ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﻭﻭﺻﻞ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻤﻮﺭﻳﺔ ﻗﺮﻳﺒﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻧﻘﺮﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ  ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﻣﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺃﻳـﻮﺍﺏ ﺍﻷﻧﺼـﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺫﺭ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺷﺪﺍﺩ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻭﺱ‪.‬‬
‫ﻼ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻠـﻚ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﺿـﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻭﺍﺳﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺟﻨﺪﻫﻢ ﻗﻠﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺳﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺃﻋﺪﺍﺋﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺟﻌﻠﻬﻢ ﻻ ﻳﺘﺮﻛﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻟﱵ‬
‫ﻳﺼﺎﳊﻮ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺍﳉﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺒﻘﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻔﺘﺤﻮ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻀﺌﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﲞﺎﺻـ ٍﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺟﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺛﻐﻮﺭ ﳚﺐ ﲪﺎﻳﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﳚـﺐ ﺍﻟـﺪﻓﺎﻉ ﻋﻨـﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻼ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤﻊ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻟﻺﻣﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺟﻌﻞ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻗﻠﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻌﻞ ﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ ﻳﺸﺤﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻈﻨـﻮﻥ ﺃﻥ ﲟﻘـﺪﻭﺭﻫﻢ ﻫﺰﳝـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻭﻗﺘﺎﳍﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻣﺎ ﺣﺪﺙ ﻣﻌﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺮﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺳﻮﻯ ﺃﺧﻄﺎﺀ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺒﻮﻫﺎ ﻭﻗﺪ‬
‫ﻋﺮﻓﻮﻫﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻳﺘﺤﺴﺮﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺰﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﺋﻞ ﻭﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﳎﺪﻫﻢ ﺍﳋﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻳﺘﺤﻴﻨﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺹ ﻟﻼﻧﻘﻀﺎﺽ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻭﻧﻘﺾ ﻋﻬﻮﺩﻫﻢ ﻣﻌﻬﻢ ‪ -‬ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ ‪ -‬ﻭﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻧﻘﺾ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ ﻛﺜﲑﹰﺍ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺰ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺩﺧﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﻭﻓﺎﺓ‬
‫ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺘﻬﻢ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﻘﻀﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻇﻨﻮﺍ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻗﺪ ﺿﻌﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻨـﻬﻢ‬

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‫ﻓﻮﺟﺌﻮﺍ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻗﻮﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﱂ ﲣﺘﻠﻒ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻋﺜﻤـﺎﻥ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﺩﺏ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﺧﺼﻮﻣﻬﻢ ﻣﺮﺓ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳉﺒﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻧﻘﻀﺖ ﺍﻹﺳﻜﻨﺪﺭﻳﺔ ﻋﻬﺪﻫﺎ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ٢٥‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﺗـﻞ‬
‫ﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﺟﱪﻫﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳋﻀﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻮﺩﺓ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻬﺪﻫﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﻗﺪ ﻣﻨﻊ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﻧﺴﻴﺎﺡ ﰲ ﺇﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴـﺔ ﺑﻌـﺪﻣﺎ ﻓـﺘﺢ‬
‫ﻃﺮﺍﺑﻠﺲ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﲰﺢ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳـﺮﺡ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺃﺱ ﻗﻮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺟﺘﺎﺯ ﻃﺮﺍﺑﻠﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻮﱃ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻔﻦ ﻟﻠﺮﻭﻡ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺭﺍﺳـﻴﺔ ﻫﻨـﺎﻙ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺵ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺰﻧﻄﻴﲔ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ٢٧‬ﻫـ ﰲ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻳﻘـﺎﻝ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻃﻰﺀ ﰒ ﻭﺍﺻﻞ ﺳﲑﻩ ﰲ ﺃﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻰ ﲜﻴﻮ ٍ‬
‫ﻟﻪ )ﺳﺒﻴﻄﻠﺔ( ﰲ ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﻏﺮﰊ ﺍﻟﻘﲑﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﱵ ﱂ ﺗﻜﻦ ﻗﺪ ﺃﺳﺴﺖ ﺑﻌﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﹶﻗﺘ‪‬ﻞ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺑـﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻐﺰﺍﺓ ﰲ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺰﻧﻄﻲ )ﺟﺮﺟﲑ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﺍ ﺃﺛﺮ ﻓﻌ‪‬ـﺎﻝ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺼﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺣﺮﺯﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﺮﺡ ﻗﺪ ﺍﺿﻄﺮ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﻋﻘﺪ ﻣﻌﺎﻫﺪﺓ ﻟﻠﺼﻠﺢ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺰﻧﻄﻴﲔ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺟﺰﻳﺔ ﺳﻨﻮﻳﺔ ﻳﺪﻓﻌﻮ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﳜﻠﻲ ﺇﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻻﺿﻄﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺳﲑﻩ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺼﺮ ﳌﻮﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻫﺪﺩﻭﺍ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻨﻮﺏ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﺃﱀ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻋﻤﺮ ﰲ ﻏـﺰﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﻭﻗﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﻣﻦ ﲪﺺ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻗﺮﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮﻯ ﲪﺺ ﻟﻴﺴﻤﻊ ﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ ﻧﺒﺎﺡ ﻛﻼ‪‬ـﻢ‬
‫ﻭﺻﻴﺎﺡ ﺩﺟﺎﺟﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ﻛﺎﺩ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺑﻘﻠﺐ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺘﺐ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌـﺎﺹ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺻﻒ ﱄ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﻭﺭﺍﻛﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻧﻔﺴﻲ ﺗﻨﺎﺯﻋﲏ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺘﺐ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪ :‬ﺇﱐ ﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺧﻠﻘﹰﺎ ﻛـﺒﲑﹰﺍ‬
‫ﻳﺮﻛﺒﻪ ﺧﻠﻖ ﺻﻐﲑ‪ ،‬ﺇﻥ ﺭﻛﻦ ﺧﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﲢﺮﻙ ﺃﺯﺍﻍ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﻳﺰﺩﺍﺩ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻴﻘﲔ ﻗﻠﺔﹰ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻚ ﻛﺜﺮﺓﹰ‪ ،‬ﻫﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻛﺪﻭ ٍﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻮﺩٍ‪ ،‬ﺇﻥ ﻣﺎﻝ ﻏﺮﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﳒﺎ ﺑﺮﻕ‪ .‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻗﺮﺃﻩ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻛﺘﺐ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ‪) :‬ﻻ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺑﻌﺚ ﳏﻤﺪﹰﺍ ﺑﺎﳊﻖ ﻻ ﺃﲪﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﹰﺎ ﺃﺑﺪﹰﺍ(‪ .‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻭﱃ ﻋﺜﻤـﺎﻥ ﱂ‬
‫ﻳﺰﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ﻋﺰﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺄﺧﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺗﻨﺘﺨﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺗ‪‬ﻘﺮﻉ ﺑﻴﻨـﻬﻢ‪،‬‬

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‫ﺧﻴ‪‬ﺮﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻐﺰﻭ ﻃﺎﺋﻌﹰﺎ ﻓﺎﲪﻠﻪ ﻭﺃﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻔﻌﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻗﻴﺲ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺎﺳﻲ)‪ (١‬ﺣﻠﻴﻒ ﺑﲏ ﻓﺰﺍﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻏﺰﺍ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻗﱪﺹ ﻭﺻﺎﱀ ﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻌﺔ ﺁﻻﻑ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﻳﺆﺩﻭ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻛـﻞ ﺳـﻨﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ٢٨‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺎﻋﺪ ﺃﻫﻞ ﻣﺼﺮ ﰲ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻐﺰﻭﺓ ﺑﺈﻣﺮﺓ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳـﻌﺪ ﺑـﻦ ﺃﰊ‬
‫ﺳﺮﺡ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻭﺻﻞ ﺇﱃ ﻗﱪﺹ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﲨﻴﻌﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻐﺰﺍﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺤﺎﺑﺔ‬
‫ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ  ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﻣﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻘﺪﺍﺩ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺷﺪﺍﺩ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻭﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺫﺭ ﺍﻟﻐﻔﺎﺭﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻊ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﻣﺖ ﺯﻭﺟﻪ ﺃﻡ ﺣﺮﺍﻡ‪ .‬ﻭﻏﺰﺍ ﺣﺒﻴﺐ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺔ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺃﺭﺽ ﺳﻮﺭﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱵ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻻ ﺗﺰﺍﻝ ﺑﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪٢٨‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬
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‫)‪ (١‬ﻏﺰﺍ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻗﻴﺲ ﲬﺴﲔ ﻏﺰﺍﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲔ ﺷﺎﺗﻴﺔ ﻭﺻﺎﺋﻔﺔﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻐﺮﻕ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﺣﺪ‬
‫ﻭﱂ ﻳﻨﻜﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺪﻋﻮ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺯﻗﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺟﻨﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻻ ﻳﺒﺘﻠﻴﻪ ﲟﺼﺎﺏ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﻴﺒﻪ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺧﺮﺝ ﰲ ﻗﺎﺭﺏ ﻃﻠﻴﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻧﺘﻬﻰ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺮﻗﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺽ ﺍﻟـﺮﻭﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻧﺎﺱ ﻳﺴﺄﻟﻮﻥ ﻓﺘﺼﺪﻕ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﺟﻌﺖ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻛـﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻳﺴـﺄﻟﻮﻥ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻟﺖ ‪ :‬ﻫﻞ ﻟﻜﻢ ﰲ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻗﻴﺲ ؟ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ ‪ :‬ﻭﺃﻳﻦ ﻫﻮ ؟ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﺮﻗﻰ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ‬
‫‪ :‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻳﻦ ﺗﻌﺮﻓﲔ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻗﻴﺲ ؟ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﺟﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﺳﺄﻟﺘﻪ ﺃﻋﻄﺎﱐ ﻛﺎﳌﻠـﻚ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻌﺮﻓﺖ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻗﻴﺲ‪ .‬ﻓﺜﺎﺭﻭﺍ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﺠﻤﻌﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﺗﻠﻮﻩ ﺣـﱴ ﺃﺻـﻴﺐ ﻭﺣـﺪﻩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻓﻠﺖ ﺍﳌﻼﹼﺡ ﺣﱴ ﺭﺟﻊ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﺴﻠﻢ ﺍﻹﻣﺮﺓ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻮﻑ ﺍﻷﺯﺩﻱ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺭﻱ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ٣١‬ﻫـ ﺟﺮﺕ ﻣﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﲝﺮﻳﺔ ﺣﺎﲰﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮﺏ ﻣـﻦ ﺷـﻮﺍﻃﺊ‬
‫ﻛﻴﻠﻴﻜﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻌﺮﻑ ﺑﺬﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺮﻓﺖ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻷﻥ ﺻﻮﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻦ ﺭﺑﻄـﺖ‬
‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻭﻣﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﺑﻌﻀﹰﺎ ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﻗﺘـﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﺋﺪ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺃﻣﲑ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﺮﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﺋﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﺍﻹﻣﱪﺍﻃﻮﺭ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬
‫ﻗﺴﻄﻨﻄﲔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﺩ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﲬﺴﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﺳﻔﻴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻓ ‪‬ﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻛﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺰﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﺷ ‪‬ﺮ ﻫﺰﳝﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺻﻮﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺷﺠﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻭ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻨﻮﺑﺮ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺪﻝ‬

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‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺷﺠﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻟﻜﻼ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻓﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﺒﺎﻝ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺍﻃﺊ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻠﻴﺌـﺔ ‪‬ـﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺷﺠﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ٣٣‬ﻫـ ﻏﺰﺍ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻔﻴﺎﻥ ﺣﺼﻦ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﻗـﺮﺏ‬
‫ﺛﻐﺮ ﻣﻼﻃﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻧﻘﻀﺖ ﺇﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ٣٣‬ﻫـ ﻓﺴﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺳـﺮﺡ‬
‫ﻓﻔﺘﺤﻬﺎ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺟﱪ ﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳋﻀﻮﻉ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻮﺩﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺔ ﺑﻌﺪﻣﺎ ﻣﻨﻌﻮﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳉﺒﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻗﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻏﺰﺍ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻘﺒﺔ ﺃﺫﺭﺑﻴﺠﺎﻥ ﻭﺃﺭﻣﻴﻨﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻫﻠﻬﻤﺎ ﻗﺪ ﻣﻨﻌﻮﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺻﺎﳊﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺣﺬﻳﻔﺔ ﺑﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺳﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺭﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻫﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺿـﻄﺮ‬
‫ﺳﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺘﲔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﳊﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺪ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﺑﺜﻤﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺁﻻﻑ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺑﺈﻣﺮﺓ ﺳﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺭﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻫﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟـﻚ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺣﺒﻴﺐ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻬﺮﻱ ﻳﻐﺰﻭ ﺃﺭﻣﻴﻨﻴﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﻟﻪ ﻋـﺪﺩ‬
‫ﻛﺒﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺧﺎﻓﻪ ﻭﻃﻠﺐ ﺍﳌﺪﺩ ﻓﺄﳒﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻘﺒﺔ ﺑﺴـﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﺑـﻦ‬
‫ﺭﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻫﻠﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺳﺎﺭ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺧﺮﺍﺳﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﲑ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﻏﺎﺯﻳﹰﺎ ﺣﱴ ﻭﺻﻞ ﺇﱃ ﻓﺮﻏﺎﻧﺔ ﻭﺫﻟـﻚ ﻋـﺎﻡ‬
‫‪٢٩‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺳﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺳﺠﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﲑ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺜﻲ ﻓﻮﺻﻞ ﺇﱃ ﻛﺎﺑﻞ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﻄﻠﻖ ﺃﻣﲑ ﻛﺮﻣﺎﻥ ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻤﻲ ﻓﻮﺻﻞ ﺇﱃ ‪‬ﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻔﺾ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﺻﻄﺨﺮ‬
‫ﻓﺴﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﻋﺎﻣﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻛﺮﻳﺰ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺘﻪ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺳﺎﺭ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺧﺮﺍﺳﺎﻥ ﻭﻣﻌﻪ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻭﺍﳊﺴﲔ ﺍﺑﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑـﻦ ﺃﰊ‬
‫ﻃﺎﻟﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ‬
‫ﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﺮ ﻗﺪ ﺳﺒﻘﻪ ﳓﻮ ﺧﺮﺍﺳﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺟﻌﻞ ﺳﻌﻴﺪﹰﺍ ﻳﺴﲑ ﺇﱃ ﻗﻮﻣﺲ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻻ ﺗﺰﺍﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺢ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻋﻄﺘﻪ ﳊﺬﻳﻔﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻌﺮﻛﺔ ‪‬ﺎﻭﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﻣﺲ ﺳﺎﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺟﺮﺟـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻓﺼﺎﳊﻪ ﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎﺋﱵ ﺃﻟﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺎﺭ ﳓﻮ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻝ ﺣﱴ ﻭﺻﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺮﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺃﻫـﻞ‬

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‫ﺟﺮﺟﺎﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻠﺒﺜﻮﺍ ﺃﻥ ﻛﻔﺮﻭﺍ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮﻭﺍ ﰲ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺣﱴ ﺗﻮﱃ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺧﺮﺍﺳﺎﻥ ﻗﺘﻴﺒـﺔ ﺑـﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻫﻠﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺳﺎﺭ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﺮ ﺇﱃ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻧﺘﻔﻀﺖ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻓﺘﺘﺤﻬﺎ ﻭﻫﺮﺏ ﻳﺰﺩﺟﺮﺩ ﺇﱃ ﻛﺮﻣـﺎﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺄﺭﺳﻞ ﰲ ﺃﺛﺮﻩ ﳎﺎﺷﻊ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻤﻲ ﻓﻔﺮ ﻳﺰﺩﺟﺮﺩ ﺇﱃ ﺧﺮﺍﺳﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻃﻠﺐ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮﺭ‬
‫ﻓﻤﻨﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺄ ﺇﱃ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺎﻃﺊ ‪‬ﺮ ﻣﻮﺭﻏﺎﺏ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ ﻧﻘﺮ ﺃﺣﺠﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻰ ﻓﻘﺘﻠﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻭﺻﻞ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺧﺮﺍﺳﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻗﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﻔﻀﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﺣﻨﻒ ﺑﻦ ﻗﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻔﺘﺢ ﻃﻮﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺑﻴﻮﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﺴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻠﻎ ﺳﺮﺧﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﺎﱀ ﺃﻫﻞ ﻣـﺮﻭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻋـﺎﺩ ﻓـﺘﺢ‬
‫ﺧﺮﺍﺳﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ٣٢‬ﻫـ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﺳﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺭﺑﻴﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻫﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﻐﺰﻭ ﰲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﺎﺭ ﺳﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺭﺑﻴﻌـﺔ ﺍﻟﺒـﺎﻫﻠﻲ‬
‫ﳜﻮﺽ ﻣﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﺿﺪ ﺧﺼﻮﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺳﺘﺸﻬﺪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﻔﺮﻕ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺳـﺎﺭ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺟﻴﻼﻥ ﻭﺟﺮﺟﺎﻥ ﻭﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﻭﺳﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺎﺭ ﳓﻮ ﺳﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺭﺑﻴﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻫﻠﻲ ﻓﺤﻤﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﺮﺏ ﻣﻊ ﺳﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﺣﺬﻳﻔﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻃﻠﺐ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫـﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﰲ ﺃﺭﻣﻴﻨﻴﺎ ﺑﺈﻣﺮﺓ ﺣﺒﻴﺐ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﺠﺪﻭﺍ ﺳﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺭﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻫﻠﻲ ﰲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﻓﻔﻌﻠﻮﺍ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﺎﺩﺕ ﺧﺮﺍﺳﺎﻥ ﻓﺎﻧﺘﻔﻀﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻓﺒﻌﺚ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﺮ ﺍﻷﺣﻨﻒ ﺑﻦ ﻗﻴﺲ ﺇﱃ ﻣـﺮﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺫ ﻓﺼﺎﱀ ﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻫـﻞ )ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﻘـﺎﻥ( ﻭ )ﻓﺎﺭﻳـﺎﺏ( ﻭ )ﺍﳉﻮﺯﺟـﺎﻥ( ﻭ‬
‫)ﻃﺨﺎﺭﺳﺘﺎﻥ( ﻓﺎﻧﺘﺼﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺑﺈﺫﻥ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﺎﱀ ﺃﻫﻞ )ﺑﻠﺦ(‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﺍﻷﻗﺮﻉ ﺑﻦ ﺣـﺎﺑﺲ ﺇﱃ‬
‫)ﺍﳉﻮﺯﺟﺎﻥ( ﻓﻔﺘﺤﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﰒ ﻋﺎﺩ ﺍﻷﺣﻨﻒ ﺇﱃ ﺧﺮﺍﺳﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﺓ ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﰲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ٣٣‬ﻫـ ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﻓﻘﺪ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻮﺣﺎﺕ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺳﻴﺪﻧﺎ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﺳﻌﺔ ﺇﺫ ﺃﺿﺎﻓﺖ ﺑﻼﺩﹰﺍ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﰲ ﺃﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺭﻣﻴﻨﻴﺎ ﻭﺃﺟﱪﺕ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻘﺾ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﰲ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﻭﺧﺮﺍﺳﺎﻥ ﻭﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﺑﻮﺍﺏ‬
‫ﻭﺿﻤﺖ ﺇﱃ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﺘﻮﺣﺎﺕ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻼﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺪ ﻭﻛﺎﺑﻞ ﻭﻓﺮﻏﺎﻧﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ــــــــــــــ‬

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 ‫‪@ @ÉibŽÛa@szj½a‬‬
‫‪@ å톑aŠÛa@õbÐܨa@ÝšÏ‬‬

‫ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺷﺪﻭﻥ ﻫﻢ ‪ :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ )ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﻭﻕ( ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻭ ﺍﻟﻨـﻮﺭﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻄﲔ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ﻭﺃﺭﺿﺎﻫﻢ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺷﺪﻭﻥ ﻫﻢ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻢ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺷﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻳﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ‬
‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﹶﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺽ ‪‬ﺑ ِﻦ ﺳ‪‬ﺎ ِﺭ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ ‪ :‬‬
‫ ﺑﺎﺗﺒﺎﻋﻬﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻤﺴﻚ ‪‬ﺪﻳﻬﻢ ‪ .‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ِﻋ ‪‬ﺮﺑ‪‬ﺎ ِ‬
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‫ﺖ ِﻣ‪‬ﻨﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹸﻘﻠﹸﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﹶﻟﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺍ َﻷ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻭ ِﺟﹶﻠ ‪‬‬‫ﺠ ‪‬ﺮ ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛ ‪‬ﻢ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻗ‪‬ﺒ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻨﺎ ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻋ ﹶﻈﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻋ ﹶﻈ ﹰﺔ ‪‬ﺑﻠِﻴ ‪‬ﻐ ﹰﺔ ‪ ،‬ﹶﺫ ‪‬ﺭﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻔ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪ .‬ﻗﹶـﺎ ﹶﻝ ‪ :‬ﺃﹸﻭﺻِـﻴ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ‬ ‫ﻉ ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓﹶﺄ ‪‬ﻭ ِ‬ ‫ﷲ ‪ ،‬ﹶﻛﺄﹶ ﱠﻥ ‪‬ﻫ ِﺬ ِﻩ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻮ ِﻋ ﹶﻈ ﹸﺔ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺩ ٍ‬‫‪ ،‬ﹸﻗ ﹾﻠﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻭ ﻗﹶﺎﻟﹸﻮﺍ ‪ :‬ﻳ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺶ ِﻣ‪‬ﻨ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ﻳ‪‬ـﺮ‪‬ﻯ ‪‬ﺑﻌ‪‬ـﺪِﻱ‬ ‫ﺸﻴ‪‬ﺎ ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ‪‬ﻧﻪ‪ ‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻳ ِﻌ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻤ ِﻊ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟﻄﱠﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ِﺔ ‪‬ﻭِﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒﺪ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺣ‪‬ﺒ ِ‬ ‫ﷲ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ِﺑ‪‬ﺘ ﹾﻘﻮ‪‬ﻯ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﲔ ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋﻀ‪‬ﻮﺍ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺑِﺎﻟ‪‬ﻨﻮ‪‬ﺍ ِﺟ ِﺬ‬ ‫ﺨﹶﻠﻔﹶﺎ ِﺀ ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺍ ِﺷﺪِﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻬ ِﺪﻳ‪ ‬‬‫ﺴ‪‬ﻨﺘِﻲ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﻨ ِﺔ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻼﻓﹰﺎ ﹶﻛِﺜﲑ‪‬ﺍ ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ِﺑ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍ ‪‬ﺧِﺘ ﹶ‬
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‫ﻼﹶﻟ ﹲﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺿﹶ‬‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺪﹶﺛ ٍﺔ ِﺑ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻋ ﹲﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇ ﱠﻥ ﹸﻛ ﱠﻞ ِﺑ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻋ ٍﺔ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺍ ُﻷﻣ‪‬ﻮ ِﺭ ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈ ﱠﻥ ﹸﻛ ﱠﻞ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺪﺛﹶﺎ ِ‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇﻳ‪‬ﺎ ﹸﻛ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﺃﲨﻊ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻀﻴﻞ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﲝﺴﺐ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺒﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ‪ :‬ﺃﺑـﻮ‬
‫ﺑﻜﺮ ﰒ ﻋﻤﺮ ﰒ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﰒ ﻋﻠﻲ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻼﱐ ‪ " :‬ﻭﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺧﲑ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺭﺳـﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻓﻀـﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﺓ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺷﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺭﺿﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳉﻤﻴﻊ ﻭﺃﺭﺿﺎﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﻘﺮ ﺑﻔﻀـﻞ‬
‫ﺃﻫﻞ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻧﻌﺘﺮﻑ ﺑﻔﻀﻞ ﺃﺯﻭﺍﺟﻪ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃ‪‬ﻦ ﺃﻣﻬـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻭﺻﻔﻬﻦ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﻘﻮﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻤﻴﻊ‪ :‬ﺧﲑﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﺒـﺪﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﻀـﻠﻞ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻧﻔﺴﻖ ﻣﻦ ﻃﻌﻦ ﻓﻴﻬﻦ ﺃﻭ ﰲ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻣﻨﻬﻦ‪ ،‬ﻟﻨﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﰲ ﻓﻀﻠﻬﻢ ﻭﻣـﺪﺣﻬﻢ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﺎﺳﻘﹰﺎ ﳐﺎﻟﻔﹰﺎ ﻟﻠﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻧﻌﻮﺫ ﺑـﺎﷲ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ‪.‬‬

‫‪ - ٢‬ﻣﺴﻨﺪ ﺃﲪﺪ )ﻋﺎﱂ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ( ‪ -١٧٢٧٤ (١٧١٤٤)(٨٤١ / ٥) -‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬

‫‪ - ٣‬ﺍﻹﻧﺼﺎﻑ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﻗﻼﱐ ‪(٢٢ / ١) -‬‬
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‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﺪﻳﺪ ‪ ":‬ﻭﻳﺆﻣﻨﻮﻥ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﻷﻣﻢ ﺃﻣﺔ ﳏﻤﺪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻓﻀﻠﻬﻢ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﷲ  ﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺷﺪﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺩ ﳍﻢ ﺑﺎﳉﻨﺔ ﻭﺃﻫﻞ ﺑﺪﺭ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺟﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ ‪ .‬ﻓﻴﺤﺒﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻭﻳﺪﻳﻨﻮﻥ ﷲ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ‪.‬‬
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‫ﻭﻳﻨﺸﺮﻭﻥ ﳏﺎﺳﻨﻬﻢ ﻭﻳﺴﻜﺘﻮﻥ ﻋﻤﺎ ﻗﻴﻞ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﻭﺋﻬﻢ ‪".‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ ‪ " :‬ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪﻭﻥ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻷَﺭﺑﻌﺔ ‪ :‬ﺃﹶﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺜﻤـﺎﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴـﺎ ‪-‬‬
‫ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ‪ -‬ﻫﻢ ﺧﲑ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻧﺒﻴ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪ - -‬ﻭﻫﻢ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺷـﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﳌﻬـﺪﻳ‪‬ﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻢ ﻣﺒﺸﺮﻭﻥ ﺑﺎﳉﻨﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺧﻼﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﺓ ﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﻋﺎﻣﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺧﻼﻓـﺔ‬
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‫ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ"‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﻭﺭﺩ ﰲ ﻓﻀﻞ ﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺃﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﻧﻮﺭﺩ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﹰﺎ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻟﻜـﻞ ﻭﺍﺣـﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ‪:‬‬
‫ﷲ ﻗﹶـﺎ ﹶﻝ‪" :‬‬
‫ﻓﻤﻤﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﻓﻀﻞ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺛﺒﺖ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒ ِﺪ ﺍﷲِ‪ ،‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
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‫ﷲ"‬‫ﺕ ﹶﺃﺑ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺑ ﹾﻜ ٍﺮ ‪‬ﺧﻠِﻴﻠﹰﺎ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ِﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ﺻ‪‬ﺎ ِﺣ‪‬ﺒ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺧﻠِﻴ ﹸﻞ ﺍ ِ‬ ‫ﺨ ﹾﺬ ‪‬‬‫ﺨﺬﹰﺍ ‪‬ﺧﻠِﻴﻠﹰﺎ ﻟﹶﺎ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺘ ِ‬ ‫ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﻛ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓﻘﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ ‪ِ :‬ﺇ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﺑ‪‬ـ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬ ‫ﷲ  ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﻄ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻱ ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻝ ﺍ ِ‬ ‫ﺨ ‪‬ﺪ ِﺭ ‪‬‬‫ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃﺑِﻲ ‪‬ﺳﻌِﻴ ٍﺪ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺆِﺗ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻪ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺯ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﺮ ِﺓ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻧﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﺷ‪‬ﺎ َﺀ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ِﻟﻘﹶﺎِﺋ ِﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻓﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺧﺘ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ِﻟﻘﹶﺎ َﺀ ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺑ ِﻪ ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ‪‬ﺒﻜﹶﻰ ﹶﺃﺑ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺑ ﹾﻜ ٍﺮ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ ‪ :‬ﺑ‪‬ـ ﹾﻞ‬
‫ﺱ‬
‫ﺖ ﻳ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃﺑ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺑ ﹾﻜ ٍﺮ‪ .‬ﹸﺛ ‪‬ﻢ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ ‪ِ :‬ﺇ ﱠﻥ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ـﺎ ِ‬
‫ﷲ ‪ :‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺳ ﹸﻜ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻚ ﺑِﺂﺑ‪‬ﺎِﺋﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ‪‬ﺑﻨ‪‬ﺎِﺋﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓﻘﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍ ِ‬ ‫‪‬ﻧ ﹾﻔﺪِﻳ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﹶﺃﺑ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺑﻜﹾـ ٍﺮ ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺨ ﹾﺬ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺱ ﹶﻻ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬‫ﻼ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ِ‬ ‫ﺨﺬﹰﺍ ‪‬ﺧﻠِﻴ ﹰ‬‫ﺖ ‪‬ﻣ‪‬ﺘ ِ‬
‫ﺤ‪‬ﺒِﺘ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭﻣ‪‬ﺎِﻟ ِﻪ ﹶﺃﺑ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺑ ﹾﻜ ٍﺮ ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﻛ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺻ‪‬‬ ‫‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ﻓِﻲ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ِﺇ ﱠﻻ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﺔ ﹶﺃﺑِـﻲ‬ ‫ﺠ ِﺪ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺧ ﹲﺔ ِﺇ ﱠﻻ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴِ‬‫ﻼ ِﻡ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺩ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻪ ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ﹶﻻ ﹶﻻ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺒ ِﻘ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ِﻜ ‪‬ﻦ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﺓ ﺍ ِﻹ ‪‬ﺳ ﹶ‬
‫ﷲ  ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒﺪ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﻩ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺪ‪‬ﻧﻴ‪‬ﺎ‬ ‫ﺨِﺒ ‪‬ﺮﻧ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺐ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺠ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺖ ‪ :‬ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﺑ ﹾﻜ ٍﺮ‪ .‬ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ ﹶﺃﺑ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺳﻌِﻴ ٍﺪ ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ﹸﻘ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ  ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇﺫﹶﺍ ﺍﹾﻟﺒ‪‬ﺎﻛِﻲ ﹶﺃﺑ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺑ ﹾﻜ ٍﺮ ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇﺫﹶﺍ ﹶﺃﺑ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺑ ﹾﻜ ٍﺮ‬
‫ﺨ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻵ ِﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ِﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫﺬﹶﺍ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺒﻜِﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻭِﺇﺫﹶﺍ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫‪٧‬‬
‫ﷲ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻤﻨ‪‬ﺎ ِﺑ ‪‬ﺮﺳ‪‬ﻮ ِﻝ ﺍ ِ‬

‫‪ - ٤‬ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﺪﻳﺪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺣﻴﺪ ‪(٧ / ١) -‬‬

‫‪ - ٥‬ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ ﰲ ﻋﻘﻴﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﱀ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ ‪ (١٣٧ / ١) -‬ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻴﺔ ﻛﺎﻣﻠـﺔ ‪(٣٧٢ / ١) -‬‬
‫ﻭﳌﻌﺔ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩ ‪(٢٨ / ١) -‬‬
‫‪ - ٦‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪ -‬ﺍﳌﻜﱰ ‪ ( ٦٣٢٦) -‬ﻭﺷﺮﺡ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ‪(١٠٠٨)(٤٠ / ٣) -‬‬
‫‪ - ٧‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎﻥ ‪ (٦٥٩٤)(٥٥٩ / ١٤) -‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬
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‫ﻭﳑﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﻓﻀﻞ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﻋﻄﹶﺎ ٍﺀ ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﺑ ِﻦ ‪‬ﻳﺴ‪‬ﺎ ٍﺭ ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﺃﺑِﻲ ‪‬ﺳﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﺔ ‪‬ﺑ ِﻦ‬
‫ﺠﻌ‪‬ﺎ ﻓِﻲ ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻴِﺘ ِﻪ‬
‫ﻀ ﹶﻄ ِ‬
‫ﷲ  ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺖ ‪ :‬ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍ ِ‬ ‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﻨﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻗﹶﺎﹶﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺸ ﹶﺔ ‪‬ﺭ ِ‬ ‫‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒ ِﺪ ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬ﻤ ِﻦ ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ﻋ‪‬ﺎِﺋ ‪‬‬
‫ﺙ ‪ ،‬ﺛﹸـ ‪‬ﻢ‬ ‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶ‬
‫ﻚ ﺍﹾﻟﺤ‪‬ﺎ ِﻝ ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺨ ﹶﺬ‪‬ﻳ ِﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻓﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘﺄﹾ ﹶﺫ ﹶﻥ ﹶﺃﺑ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺑ ﹾﻜ ٍﺮ ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓﹶﺄ ِﺫ ﹶﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ِﺗ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻛﹶﺎ ِﺷﻔﹰﺎ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻓ ِ‬
‫ﺲ‬
‫ﺠﻠﹶـ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺙ ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘ ﹾﺄ ﹶﺫ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻋﹾﺜﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹸﻥ ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶ‬‫ﻚ ﺍﹾﻟﺤ‪‬ﺎ ِﻝ ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘ ﹾﺄ ﹶﺫ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓﹶﺄ ِﺫ ﹶﻥ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ِﺗ ﹾﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ‬
‫ﺸ ﹸﺔ ‪ :‬ﻳ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻝ ﺍ ِ‬ ‫ﺖ ﻋ‪‬ﺎِﺋ ‪‬‬‫ﺝ ‪ ،‬ﻗﹶﺎﹶﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺙ ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓﹶﻠﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺧ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶ‬ ‫ﷲ  ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺳﻮ‪‬ﻯ ِﺛﻴ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻪ ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﻞ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬‬ ‫‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺶ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺗﺒ‪‬ﺎ ِﻝ ِﺑ ِﻪ‬
‫ﺶ ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺗﺒ‪‬ﺎ ِﻝ ِﺑ ِﻪ ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﺩ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﻞ ﹶﺃﺑ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﺑ ﹾﻜ ٍﺮ ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬‬
‫ﻚ ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓﻘﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺍﻟ‪‬ﻨِﺒ ‪‬ﻲ  ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ ﹶﻻ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﺘﺤِﻲ ﻣِـ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺭﺟ‪‬ـ ٍﻞ‬ ‫ﺖ ِﺛﻴ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻮ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺖ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬‫ﺴ ‪‬‬‫ﺠﹶﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﹸﺛ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﺧ ﹶﻞ ‪‬ﻋﹾﺜﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹸﻥ ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫‪٨‬‬
‫ﻼِﺋ ﹶﻜ ﹸﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺘﺤِﻲ ِﻣ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶ‬‫‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﶈﺪﺙ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﻕ ﺍﻟﻈﻦ ﺍﳌﻠﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻯ ﻳﻠﻘﹶﻰ ﰱ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﻰﺀ ﻓﻴﺨﱪ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﺍﺳﺔ‬
‫ﷲ ‪ " :‬ﻟﹶـﹸﺄ ‪‬ﻋ ِﻄ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﳑﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﻓﻀﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﺃﺑِﻲ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺮ ﹶﺓ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺴ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﺒﺮ‪ ،‬ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﷲ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴ ِﻪ " ‪ .‬ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ ‪‬ﺳ ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﻴ ﹲﻞ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ ‪‬‬
‫ﷲ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻳ ﹾﻔ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺢ ﺍ ُ‬
‫ﺐﺍَ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮ‪‬ﺍ‪‬ﻳ ﹶﺔ ﹶﻏﺪ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺟﻠﹰﺎ ‪‬ﻳﺤِ ‪‬‬
‫ﺐ ﹶﻓﻘﹶﺎِﺗ ﹾﻞ ‪‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﻳﻔﹾـ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﺢ‬ ‫ﻂ ‪‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬ﻣِﺌﺬٍ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﺪﻋ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻋِﻠﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻌﹶﺜﻪ‪ ،‬ﹸﺛ ‪‬ﻢ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ " :‬ﺍ ﹾﺫ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬‬
‫ﺖ ﺍﹾﻟِﺈﻣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﹶﺓ ﹶﻗ ﱡ‬ ‫ﹶﻓﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﺃ ‪‬ﺣ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﺱ ؟ ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ " :‬ﻗﹶﺎِﺗ ﹾﻠ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﷲ ‪‬ﻋﻨ‪ ‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﻣ‪‬ﺎﺫﹶﺍ ﹸﺃﻗﹶﺎِﺗ ﹸﻞ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺿ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍ ُ‬ ‫ﺖ " ‪ .‬ﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ‪ :‬ﻋِﻠ ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﺭ ِ‬ ‫ﷲ ‪‬ﻋﹶﻠ‪‬ﻴﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ﹾﻠ‪‬ﺘ ِﻔ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍُ‬
‫ﻚ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻘ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻨﻌﻮﺍ ِﻣ‪‬ﻨ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﻢ‬ ‫ﺤ ‪‬ﻤﺪ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻋ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﻩ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮﹸﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓِﺈﺫﹶﺍ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻌﻠﹸﻮﺍ ﹶﺫِﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﻬﺪ‪‬ﻭﺍ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ﻟﹶﺎ ِﺇﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ ِﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺍﷲُ‪ ،‬ﻭﹶﺃ ﱠﻥ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬‬ ‫‪‬ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬‬
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‫ﷲ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺰ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺟ ﱠﻞ "‬‫ﺤ ﱢﻘﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ِﺣﺴ‪‬ﺎ‪‬ﺑ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍ ِ‬ ‫ِﺩﻣ‪‬ﺎ َﺀ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣﻮ‪‬ﺍﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ﺇِﻟﱠﺎ ِﺑ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩ‪ " :‬ﻭﻧﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺧﲑ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﻭﺃﻓﻀﻠﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺭﺳـﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪-‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﺍﻷﺧﺺ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺧﻮﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﺭﻓﻴﻘﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳍﺠﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜـﺮ ﺍﻟﺼـﺪﻳﻖ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺯﻳﺮﻩ ﰲ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﻠﻴﻔﺘﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻭﻓﺎﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻋﺘﻴﻖ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻗﺤﺎﻓـﺔ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺑﻌـﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﻭﻕ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﻔﺺ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻋﺰ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﺃﻇﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﺫﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺭﻳﻦ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﲨﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﺃﻇﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻝ ﻭﺍﻹﺣﺴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻢ‬
‫ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ --‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺧ‪‬ﺘﻨ‪‬ﻪ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ‪-‬ﺭﺿـﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠـﻴﻬﻢ‪ -‬ﻓﻬـﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﳋﻠﻔـﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺷﺪﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻷﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻳﻮﻥ‪.‬‬

‫‪ - ٨‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪ -‬ﺍﳌﻜﱰ ‪ ( ٦٣٦٢) -‬ﻭﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎﻥ ‪(٦٩٠٧) (٣٣٦ / ١٥) -‬‬
‫‪ - ٩‬ﺷﻌﺐ ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ ‪ ( ٧٧)(١٧١ / ١) -‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻭﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺮﻗﻢ )‪ . (٣٧٠٢‬ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﺑﺮﻗﻢ )‪. (٢٤٠٥‬‬
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‫ﻧﻌﻢ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺘﻘﻞ ﺍﳌﺆﻟﻒ ‪-‬ﺭﲪﻪ ﺍﷲ‪ -‬ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻓﻀﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟـﻨﱯ ‪ --‬ﻭﺧﺼﺎﺋﺼـﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻓﻀـﺎﺋﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻓﻀﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺪﺃ ﺑﺎﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺷﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﻧﻌﺘﻘﺪ" ‪-‬ﻳﻌﲏ ﻣﻌﺸـﺮ‬
‫ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ ‪ -‬ﺃﻥ ﺧﲑ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﻭﺃﻓﻀﻠﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ --‬ﺃﺑـﻮ ﺑﻜـﺮ‪ ،‬ﰒ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﻫﻲ ﻋﻘﻴﺪﺓ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺧﲑ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﻴﺎﺀ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻳﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻳﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻳﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﻠـﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﺮﺗﻴﺒﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﻛﺘﺮﺗﻴﺒﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻧﻜﺮ ﻓﻀﻠﻬﻢ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﻎ ﻭﺍﻟﻀﻼﻝ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺗﻜﻠﻢ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻨﻘﺼﻬﻢ ﺃﻭ ﺳﺒﻬﻢ ﻓﻬـﻮ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﻎ ﻭﺍﻻﳓﺮﺍﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﻀﻼﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﳎﻤﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﲔ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﰲ ﺗﺮﺗﻴـﺐ ﺍﳋﻠﻔـﺎﺀ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺘﲔ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﻋﻠﻲ ﻓﻔﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﺧﻼﻑ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﳋﻼﻓـﺔ ﻓﻘـﺪ‬
‫ﺍﺗﻔﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺍﺗﻔﻖ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻗﺪﻡ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺃﺿﻞ ﻣﻦ ﲪﺎﺭ ﺃﻫﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺷﻴﺦ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺗﻴﻤﻴـﺔ ‪-‬‬
‫ﺭﲪﻪ ﺍﷲ‪ -‬ﰲ ) ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻴﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻄﻴﺔ (‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﻎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺪﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﻗـﻮﻝ ﰲ ﻣـﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻹﻣـﺎﻡ ﺃﰊ‬
‫ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳉﻤﻬﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﻛﺎﳋﻼﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻭﻱ ﻋـﻦ ﺃﰊ‬
‫ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺭﺟﻊ ﻭﺃﻧﻪ ﻭﺍﻓﻖ ﺍﳉﻤﻬﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺇﲨﺎﻉ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻋﻠـﻲ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻫﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺣﻨﻴﻔﺔ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﻋﻠـﻲ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻋﺜﻤـﺎﻥ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻭﻱ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺭﺟﻊ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺇﲨﺎﻉ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﻗﺪﻡ ﻋﻠﻴـﺎ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺃﺿﻞ ﻣﻦ ﲪﺎﺭ ﺃﻫﻠﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﳍﺬﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺆﻟﻒ ‪-‬ﺭﲪﻪ ﺍﷲ‪" :-‬ﻧﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺧﲑ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﻭﺃﻓﻀﻠﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪--‬‬
‫ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﺍﻷﺧﺺ"؛ ﻷﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺻﺤﺒﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻭﺃﺧﻮﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻓﻴﻘﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳍﺠﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻟـﻪ‬
‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺔ ﻭﻟﻪ ﺻﺤﺒﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ؛ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺇﻧﻪ ﻣﻼﺯﻡ ﻟﻠﻨﱯ ‪ ،--‬ﻭﺣﻴﺚ ﺇﻧﻪ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺁﻣﻦ ﺑـﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺣﻴﺚ ﺇﻧﻪ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺪﻗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺩﻋﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ --‬ﺇﱃ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻒ‪ ،‬ﺁﻣﻦ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺬﻩ ﺻﺤﺒﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ؛ ﻭﻟﺬﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﺍﻷﺧـﺺ‬

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‫ﻭﺃﺧﻮﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﺭﻓﻴﻘﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳍﺠﺮﺓ" ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺭﺍﻓﻘﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳍﺠﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻜﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺎﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﺤ ‪‬ﺰ ﹾﻥ ِﺇ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻌﻨ‪‬ﺎ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻧﺰﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪-‬ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ -‬ﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ‪ِ :‬ﺇ ﹾﺫ ‪‬ﻳﻘﹸﻮ ﹸﻝ ﻟِﺼ‪‬ﺎ ِﺣِﺒ ِﻪ ﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﳌﺎ ﺧﺎﻑ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ --‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻛﻮﻥ ﻳﺒﺤﺜﻮﻥ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻟﻮ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺣـﺪﻫﻢ‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﻗﺪﻣﻴﻪ ﻷﺑﺼﺮﻧﺎ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ " :--‬ﻳﺎ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻣـﺎ ﻇﻨـﻚ ﺑـﺎﺛﻨﲔ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﻬﻤﺎ؟ "؛ ﻭﳍﺬﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺆﻟﻒ‪" :‬ﻭﺭﻓﻴﻘﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳍﺠﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺎﺭ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ" ﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜـﺮ‪،‬‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﻛﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﻟﻘﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﻓﻌﻴﻞ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﺓ ﺗﺼﺪﻳﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺼـﺪﻳﻖ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻛﱪ‪.‬‬
‫"ﻭﻭﺯﻳﺮﻩ ﰲ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ" ﻳﻌﲏ‪ :‬ﻣﻼﺯﻣﺘﻪ ﻟﻪ ﻭﻣﺸﺎﻭﺭﺗﻪ ﻟﻪ‪" ،‬ﻭﺧﻠﻴﻔﺘﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻭﻓﺎﺗﻪ" ﻫﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑـﻦ‬
‫ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﲰﻪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻋﺘﻴﻖ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻗﺤﺎﻓﺔ‪" ،‬ﰒ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ‪-‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﻀـﻴﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﳋﻼﻓـﺔ‪-‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﻭﻕ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﻔﺺ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ" ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﻭﻕ ﻟﻘﺐ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﻔﺺ ﻛﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﲰﻪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﲰﻪ ﻋﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻘﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻨﻴﺘﻪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﻔﺺ‪" ،‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻋﺰ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻇﻬﺮ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ"‪" ،‬ﺃﻋﺰ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ" ﳌﺎ ﺃﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﻮﻱ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺻﺎﺭ ﳍﻢ ﻗﻮﺓ ﺑﺈﺳﻼﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻋـﺰ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﺃﻇﻬﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﺘﺤﺖ ﰲ ﺃﻳﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻮﺡ ﻭﻣﺼﺮﺕ ﺍﻷﻣﺼﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫"ﰒ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ -‬ﺫﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺭﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﲨـﻊ ﺍﻟﻘـﺮﺁﻥ" ﺫﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺭﻳﻦ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺗﺰﻭﺝ ﺍﺑﻨﺘﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ ،--‬ﺗﺰﻭﺝ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﰒ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺗﺰﻭﺝ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺫﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺭﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺗﺰﻭﺝ ﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﻡ ﻛﻠﺜﻮﻡ ‪-‬ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ‪.-‬‬
‫ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﲨﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻇﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻝ ﻭﺍﻹﺣﺴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺼـﻪ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﻓﻀﺎﺋﻠﻪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﲨﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﷲ ﺃﻧﺰﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻌﺔ ﺃﺣﺮﻑ ﺭﲪﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﻣﺔ ﻭﺗﺴﻬﻴﻼ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﰒ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺣﺼﻞ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻐﺰﻭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺣﺬﻳﻔﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻐﺎﺯﻱ ﺃﺭﻣﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺫﺭﺑﻴﺠـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺭﺃﻯ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﲰﻊ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺮﺍﺀﰐ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺗﻚ‪ .‬ﻓﺠﺎﺀ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ‪-‬ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ -‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺃﺩﺭﻙ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﲣﺘﻠﻒ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻴﻬﻮﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺼﺎﺭﻯ‪ .‬ﻓﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻭﺷﺎﻭﺭﻫﻢ ﻓﺄﲨﻌﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲨﻊ ﺍﻟﻨـﺎﺱ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻫﻮ ﺣﺮﻑ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺮﻑ ﺗﺪﺧﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻊ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺣﺮﻑ ﻭﺍﺣـﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫـﻮ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺩﺭﺱ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺟﱪﺍﺋﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ --‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﲑﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻮﰲ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬـﺬﺍ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﻓﻀﺎﺋﻠﻪ ‪-‬ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ -‬ﻓﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺼﺤﻒ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺮﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﰲ ﺫﻟـﻚ‬
‫ﺼ ٍﺮ ﻣﺼﺤﻔﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﻷﻫـﻞ‬
‫ﺳﺒﻌﺔ ﻣﺼﺎﺣﻒ‪ ،‬ﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ ﺍﻷﺋﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﻟﻜﻞ ِﻣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻣﻜﺔ ﻣﺼﺤﻔﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﱃ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ ﻣﺼﺤﻔﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻷﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻣﺼﺤﻔﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻷﻫﻞ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻣﺼـﺤﻔﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺣﺮﻕ ﺑﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ‪.‬‬
‫ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﰲ ) ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ ( ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺒـﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﺒـﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺣﺴﻨﺎﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻤﺔ ‪-‬ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ -‬ﺃﻥ ﲨﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﳌﺼـﺤﻒ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺿﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﲑﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺩﺭﺳﻬﺎ ﺟﱪﻳﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ --‬ﰲ ﺁﺧﺮ ِﺳﻨِﻲ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﺎ ﻭﻗﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀ ﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻐﺰﻭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻌﻬﻢ ﺣﺬﻳﻔﺔ ﺑـﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻴﻤﺎﻥ ‪-‬ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،-‬ﻓﺮﻛﺐ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺃﺧﱪﻩ ﲟﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﺩﺭﻙ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﻗﺒـﻞ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﲣﺘﻠﻒ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻛﺎﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻴﻬﻮﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺼﺎﺭﻯ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺒﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﲨﻊ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻭﺷﺎﻭﺭﻫﻢ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺃﻯ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﳌﺼﺤﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺮﻑ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﳚﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﰲ ﺳﺎﺋﺮ ﺍﻷﻗﺎﻟﻴﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺳﻮﺍﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺳﺘﺪﻋﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﺼـﺤﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱵ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﲜﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﻣﺮ ﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﺘﺐ ﻭﺃﻥ ﳝﻠﻲ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬
‫ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﻱ‪ ،‬ﲝﻀﺮﺓ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺎﺭﺙ ﺍﳌﺨﺰﻭﻣـﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺮﻫﻢ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻔﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﺘﺒﻮﻩ ﺑﻠﻐﺔ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺘﺐ ﺳﺒﻌﺔ ﻣﺼﺎﺣﻒ ﺑﻌﺚ ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﻣﺼﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ ﺍﻷﺋﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻋﻤﺪ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺣﻒ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺑﺄﻳﺪﻱ ﺍﻟﻨـﺎﺱ‬
‫ﻓﺤﺮﻗﻬﺎ ﻟﺌﻼ ﻳﻘﻊ ﺑﺴﺒﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ‪.‬‬
‫ﰒ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻢ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ --‬ﺧ‪‬ﺘﻨ‪‬ﻪ‪ " ،‬ﺧ‪‬ﺘﻨ‪‬ﻪ" ﻳﻌﲏ‪ :‬ﺯﻭﺝ ﺍﺑﻨﺘﻪ ﻓﺎﻃﻤـﺔ‪ ،‬ﺧ‪‬ﺘﻨ‪‬ـﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﺭﺿﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪" ،‬ﻓﻬﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺷﺪﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻷﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﻬﺪﻳﻮﻥ" ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﻋﻘﻴﺪﺓ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ --‬ﻷﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﰒ ﻟﻌﻤﺮ ﰒ ﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻥ‬
‫ﰒ ﻟﻌﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﻦ ﰲ ﺧﻼﻓﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺿﻼﻝ ﻭﺯﻳﻎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﻋﻘﻴـﺪﺓ ﺃﻫـﻞ ﺍﻟﺴـﻨﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺒﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞ ﻛﺘﺮﺗﻴﺒﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻧﻌﻢ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻭﱂ ﻳﺰﻝ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ ﻳﺘﺮﺿﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻭﻳﻮﺍﻟﻮ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﻳﱰﻟﻮ‪‬ﻢ ﻣﻨـﺎﺯﳍﻢ ﺍﻟـﱵ‬
‫ﻳﺴﺘﺤﻘﻮ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺪﻝ ﻭﺍﻹﻧﺼﺎﻑ ﻻ ﺑﺎﳍﻮﻯ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺼﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﷲ ‪-‬ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ -‬ﺃﺛﲎ ﻋﻠـﻴﻬﻢ ﻭﻋـﺪﳍﻢ‬
‫ﺴﻨ‪‬ﻰ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ِ } :‬ﻟ ﹾﻠ ﹸﻔ ﹶﻘﺮ‪‬ﺍ ِﺀ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤﻬ‪‬ﺎ ِﺟﺮِﻳ ‪‬ﻦ‬ ‫ﺤ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﺯﻛﺎﻫﻢ ﻭﻭﻋﺪﻫﻢ ﺑﺎﳉﻨﺔ ﻭﳍﺬﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭ ﹸﻛﻠ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺼﺮ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺭﺳ‪‬ﻮﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻪ‬ ‫ﺿﻮ‪‬ﺍﻧ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀﻠﹰﺎ ِﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ ‪‬ﻭ ِﺭ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﱠﻟﺬِﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ﹸﺃ ‪‬ﺧ ِﺮﺟ‪‬ﻮﺍ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ِﺩﻳ‪‬ﺎ ِﺭ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭﹶﺃ ‪‬ﻣﻮ‪‬ﺍِﻟ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﺘﻐ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻥ ﹶﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺒ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﻫ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺟ ‪‬ﺮ ِﺇﻟﹶـ‪‬ﻴ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻟﺼ‪‬ﺎ ِﺩﻗﹸﻮ ﹶﻥ )‪ (٨‬ﻭ‪‬ﺍﱠﻟﺬِﻳ ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺗ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬ﻮﺀُﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﺪ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺭ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﹾﻟِﺈﳝ‪‬ﺎ ﹶﻥ ِﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﹶﻗ‪‬ﺒﻠِ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬ ‫ﺃﹸﻭﹶﻟِﺌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺻ ﹲﺔ‬
‫ﺴ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻮ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ِﺑ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻢ ‪‬ﺧﺼ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬‫ﺻﺪ‪‬ﻭ ِﺭ ِﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﺣ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺟ ﹰﺔ ِﻣﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﹸﻭﺗ‪‬ﻮﺍ ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺆِﺛﺮ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻥ ‪‬ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻧ ﹸﻔ ِ‬ ‫ﺠﺪ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻥ ﻓِﻲ ‪‬‬ ‫‪‬ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﻚ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﹾﻟ ‪‬ﻤ ﹾﻔِﻠﺤ‪‬ﻮ ﹶﻥ )‪] {(٩‬ﺍﳊﺸﺮ ‪[٩ ، ٨ :‬‬ ‫ﺴ ِﻪ ﹶﻓﺄﹸﻭﹶﻟِﺌ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﺢ ‪‬ﻧ ﹾﻔ ِ‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﻳ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺃﺛﲎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺟﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﺃﺛﲎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺒﻬﻢ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻨﻘﺼﻬﻢ ﺃﻭ ﻃﻌﻦ ﻓـﻴﻬﻢ ﻓﻬـﺬﺍ‬
‫ﳌﺮﺽ ﰲ ﻗﻠﺒﻪ ﻭﻟﻨﻔﺎﻕ‪ ،‬ﺇﳕﺎ ﻳﺼﺪﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻳﻎ ﻭﺍﻻﳓﺮﺍﻑ ﻛﺎﻟﺮﺍﻓﻀﺔ ﻭﺃﺷـﺒﺎﻫﻬﻢ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﻧﺰﻟﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﻫﻮﺓ ﺳﺤﻴﻘﺔ ﻓﺰﺍﺩﻭﺍ ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻴﻬﻮﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺼـﺎﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﻀـﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓـﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻴﻬـﻮﺩ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺼﺎﺭﻯ‪ ،..‬ﻗﻴﻞ ﻟﻠﻴﻬﻮﺩ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﲑ ﺃﻫﻞ ﻣﻠﺘﻜﻢ؟ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﻟﻠﻨﺼـﺎﺭﻯ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﲑ ﺃﻫﻞ ﻣﻠﺘﻜﻢ؟ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪ :‬ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﻴﻞ ﻟﻠﺮﺍﻓﻀﺔ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮ ﺃﻫﻞ ﻣﻠﺘﻜﻢ؟ ﻗـﺎﻟﻮﺍ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﳏﻤﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﺴﺄﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﻓﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺰﺍﺩﻭﺍ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳋﺼﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻴﻬﻮﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺼﺎﺭﻯ‪،‬‬
‫‪١٠‬‬
‫ﺻﺎﺭﻭﺍ ﺃﺳﻮﺃ ﺣﺎﻻ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻧﻌﻮﺫ ﺑﺎﷲ‪ ،‬ﻧﻌﻢ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﰊ )) ﺍﳌﻬﺬﺏ ﰲ ﻓﻀﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺷﺪﻳﻦ ((‬
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 ‫‪@ âbÈÛa@÷ŠèÐÛa‬‬
‫@‬
‫‪  Þëþa@szj½a‬‬
‫‪  éäÇ@
a@@Õ톖Ûa@ŠØi@ìic‬‬
‫ﻧﺴﺒﻪ  ‬
‫ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ  ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻔﻪ ﰱ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ  ‬
‫ﺃﻭﻝ ﺧﻄﻴﺐ ﰱ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ‬
‫ﺟﻬﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ  ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﻓﻀﺎﺋﻠﻪ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ‪
 :‬‬
‫ﺧﻼﻓﺘﻪ 
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‫ﺟﻴﺶ ﺃﺳﺎﻣﺔ  ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻭﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﺩﺓ  ‬
‫ﺟﻴﻮﺵ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ  ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻼﻑ ﻋﻤﺮ  ‬
‫ﻭﻓﺎﺗﻪ  ‬
‫ﻭ‪‬ﺻﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﺃﰊ ﺑ‪‬ﻜﺮ ﺭ‪‬ﺿ ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋ‪‬ﻨﻪ ‬
‫‪ ïãbrÛa@@szj½a‬‬
‫‪ éäÇ@
a@@lbШa@åi@ŠàÇ‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻫﻮ‪  :‬‬

‫‬
‫ﺇﺳﻼﻣﻪ  ‬
‫ﻟﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﻖ  ‬
‫ﻗﻮﺓ ﺍﳊﻖ  ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﻳﺔ  ‬
‫ﺧﻼﻓﺔ ﻋﻤﺮ  ‬
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‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻮﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ‬
‫‪‬ﻫﻴ‪‬ـ‪‬ﺒﺘِـﻪ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺍﺿﻌﻪ  ‬
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‫‪  éäÇ@
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‫ﺇﺳﻼﻣﻪ  ‬
‫ﺯﻭﺍﺟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺑﻨﱴ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ   ‬
‫ﺯﻭﺟﺘﻪ ﺃﻡ ﻛﻠﺜﻮﻡ  ‬
‫ﺻﻔﺎﺗﻪ  ‬
‫ﺗﺒﺸﲑﻩ ﺑﺎﳉﻨﺔ  ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﻮﺍﻥ  ‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻰ  ‬

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‫ﺟﻴﺶ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﺮﺓ  ‬
‫ﺑﺌﺮ ﺭﻭﻣﺔ  ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺳﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﻯ  ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻼﻓﺔ  ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻮﺣﺎﺕ  ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻨﺔ  ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺸﻬﺎﺩﻩ  ‬
‫ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻹ ‪‬ﺳﻼﹶﻣﻲ‪ ‬ﺃﻳ‪‬ﺎﻡ ﻋ‪‬ﺜﻤﺎﻥ  ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺳﺒﺄ ﻭﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﰲ ﻇﻬﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﻨﺔ ‬
‫ﲨﻊ ﺃﻣﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﻷﻣﺼﺎﺭ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺳﻢ ﺍﳊﺞ  ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺘﻞ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻔﺎﻥ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ  ‬
‫‪
ÉiaŠÛa@szj½a‬‬
‫‪
 éäÇ@
a@@kÛb@óic@åi@ïÜÇ‬‬
‫ﺇﺳﻼﻣﻪ 
‬
‫ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﳍﺠﺮﺓ 
‬
‫ﻫﺠﺮﺗﻪ ﺍﱃ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ  ‬
‫ﻏﺰﻭﺍﺗﻪ ﰱ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﷲ  ‬
‫ﻗﻀﺎﺅﻩ  ‬
‫ﺻﺪﻗﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺯﻫﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺍﺿﻌﻪ  ‬

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