This document provides information on textile calculations related to fibre fineness, yarn counts, conversions, and production calculations for various textile processes. It includes definitions of micronaire value, denier, and micron for measuring fibre fineness. It also covers indirect and direct yarn count systems including conversions between count units. The document then gives production calculations and formulas for processes like blowroom, carding, drawframe, speedframe, ringframe, winding and warping.
This document provides information on textile calculations related to fibre fineness, yarn counts, conversions, and production calculations for various textile processes. It includes definitions of micronaire value, denier, and micron for measuring fibre fineness. It also covers indirect and direct yarn count systems including conversions between count units. The document then gives production calculations and formulas for processes like blowroom, carding, drawframe, speedframe, ringframe, winding and warping.
This document provides information on textile calculations related to fibre fineness, yarn counts, conversions, and production calculations for various textile processes. It includes definitions of micronaire value, denier, and micron for measuring fibre fineness. It also covers indirect and direct yarn count systems including conversions between count units. The document then gives production calculations and formulas for processes like blowroom, carding, drawframe, speedframe, ringframe, winding and warping.
This document provides information on textile calculations related to fibre fineness, yarn counts, conversions, and production calculations for various textile processes. It includes definitions of micronaire value, denier, and micron for measuring fibre fineness. It also covers indirect and direct yarn count systems including conversions between count units. The document then gives production calculations and formulas for processes like blowroom, carding, drawframe, speedframe, ringframe, winding and warping.
TEXTILE CALCULATIONS FIBRE FINENESS, YARN COUNTS AND CONVERSIONS Micronaire Value (Cotton) : The unit is micrograms per inch. The average weight of one inch length of fibre, expressed in micrograms(0.000001 gram).
Denier (Man-Made Fibres) : Weight in grams per 9000 meters of fibre.
Micron (Wool) : Fineness is expressed as fibre diameter in microns(0.001mm) Conversions:
Denier = 0.354 x Micronaire value
Micronaire value = 2.824 x Denier
YARN COUNTS It is broadly classified into; 1.
DIRECT SYSTEM
2.
INDIRECT SYSTEM
INDIRECT SYSTEM
English count (Ne)
French count(Nf)
Metric count(Nm)
Worsted count
Metric system: Metric count(Nm) indicates the number of 1 kilometer(1000 meter) lengths per Kg. Nm = length in Km / weight in kg (or) Nm = length meter / weight in grams
DIRECT SYSTEM
Tex count
Denier
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CONVERSION TABLE FOR YARN COUNTS
Tex Tex Ne
590.54/tex
Den
Nm
Grains/yd
den/9
1000/Nm
gr.yd x 70.86
5314.9/den
Nm x .5905
8.33 / gr/yd
9000/Nm
gr/yd x 637.7
Den
tex x 9
Nm
1000/tex
9000/den
tex / 70.86
den / 637.7
Grains/yd
14.1 / gr/yd 14.1/Nm
Where, Nm metric count, Nec cotton count
CONVERSION TABLE FOR WEIGHTS
Ounce Ounce Grains
Grains
Grams
437.5 grains
28.350 grams
0.03527 ounces
Pounds
0.0648 grams
Grams
0.03527 grains 15.432 grains
Kilograms
35.274 ounces
15432 grains
1000 grams
16.0 ounces
7000 grains
453.59 grams
Pounds
Kilograms
0.001 kgs 2.2046 pounds 0.4536 kgs
CONVERSION TABLE FOR LINEAR MEASURES
Yard Yard
Feet
Inches
Centimeter
Meter
3 feet
36 inches
91.44 cms
0.9144 meter
12 inches
30.48 cms
0.3048 meter
2.54 cms
0.254 meter
Feet
0.3333 yards
Inches
0.0278 yards
0.0833 feet
Centimeter
0.0109 yards
0.0328 feet
0.3937 inches
Meter
1.0936 yards
3.281 feet
39.37 inches
0.01meter 100 cms
CALCULATIONS Grams per meter = 0.5905 / Ne Grams per yard = 0.54 / Ne Tex = den x .11 = 1000/Nm = Mic/25.4 Ne = Nm/1.693 DRAFT = (feed weight in g/m) / (delivery weight in g/m) DRAFT = Tex (feed) / Tex(delivery) DRAFT = delivery roll surface speed / feed roll surface speed No of hanks delivered by m/c = (Length delivered in m/min) / 1.605 file:///D:/textile cal/TEXCALTEXT detail.mht
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BLOW ROOM (1)
% trash in cotton - % trash in lap
Blow-room Cleaning Efficiency% (CE) = ------------------------------------------% trash in cotton
(2)
Lint in waste (%) = 100 - CE
CARDING (1)
P =( L x 1.0936 x 60 x Effy ) / (Hank (Ne) x 36 x 840 x 2.2045)
P - production in kgs / hr L - delivery speed in m/min effy- efficiency Ne - English count ( number of 840 yards in one pound) 840 - constant 2.2045- to convert from lbs to kilograms
(2)
Production In Kgs / Hr = (L x Ktex x 60 x Effy) / ( 1000)
L - delivery speed in m/min Ktex- sliver count in Ktex (kilotex) effy - efficiency 1000- to convert to kilograms from grams
(3)
Production In Kgs / 8 Hrs = (0.2836 x L x Effy) / (Ne)
L - delivery speed in m/min effy - efficiency Ne - English count
(4)
Prodn / 8 Hrs = (Hank x Nd) /( Ne x 2.2045)
Hank = no of hank (840 yards)delivered by the machine Nd = no of deliveries Ne = hank of the material
(5)
Total Draft in Card = (Feed Weight in g/m) / (Sliver Weight in g/m)
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(6)
TEXTILE CALCULATIONS
Actual draft
Wt. per yard of lap fed
= -----------------------------------------------Wt. per yard of card sliver delivered
Length of card sliver delivered
(7) Mechanical draft = ---------------------------------------Length of lap fed or Draft constant of card machine = -----------------------------------------Draft change pinion (8)
Actual draft is always greater than the mechanical draft in carding because it is the carding waste% that increases the actual draft.
DRAWFRAME (1)
Break Draft = Surface Speed of 2nd Roller / Surface Speed of Back Roller
(2)
Main Draft = Surface Speed of 1st Roller / Surface Speed of 2nd
Roller
(3)
Total Draft = Surface speed of delivery roller / surface of feed roller
(4)
Production In Kgs / 8 Hrs = (0.2836 x L x Effy x Nd) / (Ne)
(Middle)
L - delivery speed in m/min
effy - efficiency Ne - english count Nd - No of delvieries (5)
Prodn In Kgs / Hr = (FRD x Fr. rpm x 3.14 x 60 x Effy x Nd) / (Ne x 840 x 36 x 2.2045) FRD - front roller dia in inches FRrpm - front roller rpm effy - efficiency Ne - Sliver hank Nd - number of deliveries
SPEEDFRAME + RINGFRAME (1)
Twist / Inch (TPI) = Spindle Speed / FRS
FRS - front roller surface speed in inches/min
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TEXTILE CALCULATIONS
FRS = Fr. rpm x 3.14 x FRD
FRS - Front roller surface speed FRD - front roller diameter
(3)
T.P.I = T.M. x Sqrt (Count or Hank)
T.M. - Twist multiplier sqrt - square root
(4)
Prodn in Kgs / 8 Hrs = (7.2 x SS x Effy) / (TPI x Ne x 1000)
SS - spindle speed
(5)
Spindle Speed = M/Min x TPI x 39.37
(6)
Hank Delivered = Spindle Speed / ( Tpi x 62.89)
(7)
Single yarn strength (gm)
RKM = ----------------------------------Tex number of yarn
(8)
Ring bobbin content = 3.1 LD2 (L = Lift in inch, D = ring dia in inch)
(9)
Doubling bobbin content = 3.7 LD2
(10)
Corrected count
(11)
Weight per yard of roving fed
Actual draft of ring frame = ----------------------------------------------------------Weight per yard of yarn delivered on bobbin
(12)
Actual count x (1 + Present regain)
-----------------------------------------------1 + Standard regain
Mechanical draft of ring frame =
Surface speed of front roller
-------------------------------------Surface speed of back roller Draft constant -------------------------Draft change pinion
(13) Twist contraction % = It is basically the percent shortening in length of
yarn between the front roller and the bobbin. The length at the front roll is taken as 100%. For example 5% twist contraction means, the yarn length on the bobbin is 95% of the length at the file:///D:/textile cal/TEXCALTEXT detail.mht
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front roll.
Yarn count at front roll - yarn count at bobbin
------------------------------------------------------------ x 100 Yarn count at front roll
(14)
TC%
(15)
Example of twist contraction given yarn;
Count on bobbin = 10s Twist contraction = 5% 10 x 1.00 Yarn count at front roll = -------------- = 10.53s 95%
(16)
Mechanical draft is always greater than actual draft in ring spinning?
It is necessary to draft the roving to a finer yarn count at front roll that what is to be bobbin. Because due to twist contraction of yarn, the count of yarn on bobbin becomes coarser than the count of yarn at front roller.
(17)
Twist per inch (TPI)
Twist multiplier or Twist factor = --------------------------- Count (Ne)
per shift of 8 hours where, 1 creeling or 1 piecing = 1 operation 1 doffing = 2 operations
8.
Winders workload on autoconer (0.08 min per operation) = 4800 operations/shift of 8
hours where, 1 bobbing feeding = 1 operation 1 doffing (manual) = 4.5 operation Y B S C
(9)
= Length/Bobbin (metres) = Breaks per bobbin = Winding speed (metres/min) = English count
Production in Kgs / 8 Hrs = (0.2836 x L x Effy x Nd) / (Ne)
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L - delivery speed in m/min
effy - efficiency Ne - english count Nd - No of delvieries (10)
P =( L x 1.0936 x 60 x Effy ) / (Hank (Ne) x 36 x 840 x 2.2045)
P - production in kgs / hr L - delivery speed in m/min effy- efficiency Ne - English count ( number of 840 yards in one pound) 840 - constant 2.2045- to convert from lbs to kilograms
WARPING R x 100 1.
Machine Efficiency E = R+S R = Uninterrupted running time for 1,000 meters (in sec) 1000 x 60 = Machine speed in mtr/min. S = Total of time in seconds for which the machine is stopped for a production of 1,000 meters B X N X T1 T2 T3 = R + --------------- + ----- + ---------- + T4 400 L L xC B = Ends breaks/400 ends/1,000 meters N = Number of ends L = Set length in 1,000 meters C = Beams per creel Timing of activities in seconds are : T1 = To mend a break T2 = To change a beam T3 = To change a creel T4 = Miscellaneous Time loss/1,000 mtrs.
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2.
Production in metres per 8 hrs. (K) = 480 x mtrs/min x E/100 kgs.
3.
Production in Kgs. per 8 hrs. = (K x N)/(1693 x English Count)
4.
Warping Tension = 0.03 to 0.05 x Single thread strength
SIZING Length in metre x 1.094 x Total ends 1.
Warp weight = (in kg.)
x 100 840 x 2.204 x Warp count Sized warp weight - Unsized warp weight
2. 3.
Size pick-up %age
x 100 Un-sized warp weight
Weight of size =
Warp Weight x Size pick up %
Sized warp length - Unsized warp length
4.
Stretch %age =
x 100 Un-sized warp length Total-ends x Warp length in yards
5.
Sized yarn count
= Sized warp weight (lbs) x 840 Wt. of sized yarn - Wt. of oven dried yarn
6.
%age Moisture= content
x 100 Wt. of sized yarn Deliver counter reading - Feed counter reading
7.
%age Stretch = 100
x Feed counter reading 840,000 x D x C
8.
%age Droppings = on loom
x 100 454 Y x N x P
D = Dropping in gms. Y = Length woven (yds.) P = % size add on 9.
C = English Count N = Number of Ends
Invisible Loss% = Amount of size material issued - Amount of size added on yarn =
x 100 Amount of size issued
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Steam, Consumption (Sizing M/c) = 2.0 kg/kg of sized yarn
(Cooker) = 0.3 kg/kg of liquor (Sow box) = 0.2 kg/kg of yarn No. of Cylinder x 1,000 x English count 10. Max. Speed of machine (metres/min)
= Number of ends Number of ends x 0.6
11. Wt. of warp in gms/mtr =
English count
WEAVING 1.
Reed Count : It is calculated in stock port system. EPI Reed width = 1 + Weft crimp %age No. of dents in 2 inches is called Reed Count
Where, L = Length of material (feet) t = Thickness of fabrics (inches) D = Outside diameter (inches) d = Inside diameter (inches)
Weight of yarn in a cloth :
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The weight of cloth manufactured on loom depends upon the weight of yarns in the warp and weft : ends/inch, picks/inch and the weight of size on the warp. Therefore, Cloth weight = Weight of warp + Weight of weft + Weight of size (All in lbs.) Total No. of Ends x Tape length in yds. Where as Weight of warp in lbs = ---------------------------------------------------840 x Warp yarn count
Also Weight of weft in lbs. =
Length of cloth (yds) x Picks/inch in cloth x Reed width (inch) = ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------840 x Weft yarn count
