The document discusses different polymers including nylon, Nomex, Orlon, and poly(phenylethene). It provides information on their monomers, repeat units, and polymerization. It also discusses properties such as melting point and uses such as for electrical insulation or carpets. Short sections are provided on drawing monomer structures, naming polymers, and comparing natural and synthetic polymers.
The document discusses different polymers including nylon, Nomex, Orlon, and poly(phenylethene). It provides information on their monomers, repeat units, and polymerization. It also discusses properties such as melting point and uses such as for electrical insulation or carpets. Short sections are provided on drawing monomer structures, naming polymers, and comparing natural and synthetic polymers.
The document discusses different polymers including nylon, Nomex, Orlon, and poly(phenylethene). It provides information on their monomers, repeat units, and polymerization. It also discusses properties such as melting point and uses such as for electrical insulation or carpets. Short sections are provided on drawing monomer structures, naming polymers, and comparing natural and synthetic polymers.
The document discusses different polymers including nylon, Nomex, Orlon, and poly(phenylethene). It provides information on their monomers, repeat units, and polymerization. It also discusses properties such as melting point and uses such as for electrical insulation or carpets. Short sections are provided on drawing monomer structures, naming polymers, and comparing natural and synthetic polymers.
Synthetic polyamides, such as nylon, contain the same link as polypeptides. Nylon is the general name for a family of polyamides. A short section of a nylon polymer is shown below.
O C
(CH2)8
O (CH2)6
(CH2)8
(CH2)6
N H
Draw the structures of two monomers that could be used to make this nylon.
[Total 2 marks]
2.
Short sections of the molecular structures of two polymers are shown below. H
polymer C O
polymer D
(a)
(i)
Circle, on the diagrams above, the simplest repeat unit in each polymer. [2]
Plymstock School
(ii)
In the boxes below, draw the displayed formulae of the two monomers that could be used to prepare polymer D.
[2]
(b)
Chemists have developed degradable polymers to reduce the quantity of plastic
waste being disposed of in landfill sites. Polymer D is more likely to be a degradable polymer than polymer C. Suggest two reasons why. ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ [2] [Total 6 marks]
3.
Nylon is sometimes used for electrical insulation. However, if there is a risk of high temperatures then a polymer such as Nomex, with a higher melting point, is used. The repeat unit of Nomex is shown below.
Plymstock School
C N
(i)
Draw the structures of two monomers that could be used to form Nomex.
[2]
(ii)
Suggest a reason why the melting point of Nomex is higher than that of nylon. ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ [1] [Total 3 marks]
4.
The fibres used in carpets are made from synthetic or natural polymers such as nylon-6,6, OrlonTM and wool. (a)
Complete the table below.
OrlonTM
nylo-6,6
monomer(s)
HO
repeat unit of the polymer
(CH2)4
H2N
(CH2)6
NH2
OH
CN
type of polymerisation [4]
Plymstock School
(b)
Nylon-6,6 can be made from its monomers in the laboratory in two stages as shown below. O HO
Industrially, nylon-6,6 is not manufactured by the method in (b). Instead, the two monomers are mixed directly at room temperature to give a salt. This salt is then heated to convert it to nylon-6.6. Suggest the structures of the two ions present in this salt.
[2]
Plymstock School
(d)
Wool is a protein. It is a natural polymer made by the same type of polymerisation
as nylon-6,6. A section of the polymer chain in a protein is shown below.
Draw the structure of one of the monomer molecules that was used to form this section.
[1]
Plymstock School
(iii)
State three ways in which the monomer units of a protein differ from those of nylon-6,6. ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... [3] [Total 13 marks]
5.
Poly(phenylethene) is one of the most versatile and successful polymers.
The 3-D skeletal formula of a section of atactic poly(phenylethene) is shown in the diagram below.
(i)
State the type of polymerisation used to make poly(phenylethene).
