Unit 3 Logarithms Solved Examples
Example 1
Write 30600 in scientific notation
Solution
30600
= 3.06 x 10-4
Example 2
Write 0.000058 in scientific notation
Solution
0.000058
=
5.8 x 10-5
Example 3
Write 6.35 x 106 in ordinary notation
Solution
6.35 x 106
=
6350000
Example 4
Write 7.61 x 10-4 in ordinary notation
Solution
7.61 x 10-4
=
0.000761
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Example 5
Find log42
Solution
Let
Log42 = x
4x = 2
(22)x = 21
22x = 21
2x = 1
x=
log42 =
Example 6
Write the characteristic of the log of the following numbers by expressing them in scientific notation
and noting the power of 10
(i)
0.872
(i)
0.872
(ii)
0.02
(iii)
0.00345
Solution
0.872 = 8.72 x 10-1
Characteristic = -1
(ii)
0.02
Solution
0.02 = 2.0 x 10-2
Characteristic = -2
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(iii)
0.00345
Solution
0.00345 = 3.45 x 10-3
Characteristic = -3
Example 7
Find the mantissa of the logarithm of 43.354
Solution
43.254
log(43.254) = 1.6360
So,
mantissa = .6360
Example 8
Find the mantissa of the logarithm of 0.002347
Solution
0.002347
log(0.002347) = . 3705
So,
mantissa = .3705
Example 9
Find log 278.23
Solution
Log 278.23 = 2.444
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Example 10
Find log 0.07058
Solution
log 0.07058 = . 8487
Example 11
Find the number whose logarithm is 1.3247
Solution
Logarithm =
Ch =
1.3247
Mantissa = .3247
Required number = 21.12
Example 12
Find the number whose logarithm is
. 1324
Solution
Logarithm=
. 1324
Ch =
Mantissa = .1324
1355
+
1
0.01^356
Required number = 0.01356
Example 13
Evaluate 291.3 x 42.36
Solution
Let
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x = 291.3 x 42.36
Taking log of both sides
logx
= log(291.3 x 42.36)
logx
= log 291.3 + log 42.36
logx
= 2.4643 + 1.6270
logx
= 4.0913
= Antilog(4.0913)
Ch = 4
Mantissa = .0913
x = 12340
Example 14
Evaluate 0.2913 x 0.004236
Solution
Let
x = 0.2913 x 0.004236
Taking log of both sides
logx
= log(0.2913 x 0.004236)
logx
= log 0.2913 + log 0.004236
logx
= .4643 + .6270
logx
= -1 + 0.4643 3 + 0.6270
logx
= (-1-3) + (0.4643 + 0.6270)
logx
= -4 + 1.0913
logx
= -4 + 1 + 0.0913
logx
= .0913
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= Antilog( .0913)
Ch =
1233
+
Mantissa = .0913
x = 0.001234
1
1^234
=0.001234
Example 15
Evaluate
Solution
Let
x =
Taking log of both sides
logx
= log
logx
= log 291.3 - log 42.36
logx
= 2.4643 + 1.6270
logx
= 0.8373
= Antilog(0.8373)
Ch = 0
Mantissa = .8373
x = 6.875
Example 16
Evaluate
Solution
Let
x =
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Taking log of both sides
logx
= log
logx
= log 0.002913 - log 0.04236
logx
= .4643 - .6270
logx
= -3 + 0.4643 + 2 - 0.6270
logx
= (-3+2) + (0.4643 - 0.6270)
logx
= -1 0.1627
logx
= -1.1627
logx
= .8373
= Antilog( .8373)
Ch =
Mantissa = .8373
6871
+
5
6^876
=0.6876
x = 0.06876
Example 17
Evaluate
Solution
Let
x = [(0.0163)3]1/4
x = (0.0163)3/4
Taking log of both sides
log x = log (0.0163)3/4
log x = log (0.0163)
log x = ( .2122)
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log x =
log x =
log x =
log x = +
log x = + 0.6592
log x = .6592
x = Anti log
4560
.6592
+
Ch =
Mantissa = 0.6592
4^562
x = 0.04562
= 0.04562
Example 18
Calculate log23 x log38
Solution
log23 x log38
=
=
=
=
=3
Example 19
Show that 7log
+ 5log
+ 3log
= log2
Solution
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L.H.S = 7log
+ 5log
+ 3log
=7[log16 log15] + 5[log25 log24] + 3[log81 log 80]
= 7[log24 log(3 x 5)] + 5[log52 log (23 x 3)] + 3 [log34 log (24 x 5)]
= 7[4log4-(log3 + log5)] + 5[2log5 - (log23 + log3) ]+ 3 [4log3 (log24 + log 5)]
= 7[4log2 log3 log5] + 5[2log5 3log2 log3] + 3[4log3 4log2 log5]
= 7[4log2 log3 log5] + 5[2log5 log 23 log3] + 3[ 4log3 log24 log5]
= 28log2 -7log3 7log5 + 10log5 15log2 5log3 + 12log3 12log2 3log5
= (28 15 12)log2 + ( 12 7 5)log3 + (10 7 3)log5
= log2 + 0 + 0
= log2
R.H.S
= log2
Hence,
7log
+ 5log
+ 3log
= log2
Example 20
Given A = Ao e-kd . If k = 2, what should be the value of d to make A =
Solution
A = Ao e-kd
= Aoe-2d
= 2e-2d
1 = 2e-2d
= e-2d
e-2d =
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Taking log of both sides
log e-2d = log
-2d log e = log 1 log 2
-2d log (2.718) = 0 0.3010
-2d (0.4343) = - 0.3010
2d (0.4343) = 0.3010
2d =
2d = 0.6931
d=
d = 0.3465
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