This document provides guidelines for obtaining arterial blood samples and interpreting arterial blood gas (ABG) values. It discusses:
1) The normal values for pH, PO2, PCO2, HCO3, and base excess in arterial and venous blood.
2) How to perform arterial punctures of the radial, brachial, or femoral arteries and contraindications.
3) The Allen test to assess ulnar artery blood flow before radial artery puncture.
4) Post-puncture care including direct pressure and monitoring for bleeding or impaired circulation.
This document provides guidelines for obtaining arterial blood samples and interpreting arterial blood gas (ABG) values. It discusses:
1) The normal values for pH, PO2, PCO2, HCO3, and base excess in arterial and venous blood.
2) How to perform arterial punctures of the radial, brachial, or femoral arteries and contraindications.
3) The Allen test to assess ulnar artery blood flow before radial artery puncture.
4) Post-puncture care including direct pressure and monitoring for bleeding or impaired circulation.
This document provides guidelines for obtaining arterial blood samples and interpreting arterial blood gas (ABG) values. It discusses:
1) The normal values for pH, PO2, PCO2, HCO3, and base excess in arterial and venous blood.
2) How to perform arterial punctures of the radial, brachial, or femoral arteries and contraindications.
3) The Allen test to assess ulnar artery blood flow before radial artery puncture.
4) Post-puncture care including direct pressure and monitoring for bleeding or impaired circulation.
This document provides guidelines for obtaining arterial blood samples and interpreting arterial blood gas (ABG) values. It discusses:
1) The normal values for pH, PO2, PCO2, HCO3, and base excess in arterial and venous blood.
2) How to perform arterial punctures of the radial, brachial, or femoral arteries and contraindications.
3) The Allen test to assess ulnar artery blood flow before radial artery puncture.
4) Post-puncture care including direct pressure and monitoring for bleeding or impaired circulation.
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Ns. I Kadek Saputra, S.
Kep
Introduction
To take arterial blood from arterial line Assessment of arterial blood gases (ABG) reveals the ability of the lungs to exchange gases by measuring the partial pressures of oxygen (PO2) carbon dioxide (PCO2) and evaluates the pH of arterial blood Blood gases are ordered to evaluate : Oxygenation Ventilation and the effectiveness of respiratory
therapy Acid-base level of the blood
NILAI NORMAL Komponen pH
Darah Arteri 7.40 (7.35-7.40)
Darah Vena 7.38 (7.33-7.43)
PO2 Saturasi O2 P CO2
80-100 mmHg 95% atau lebih
35-45 mmHg
34-49 mmHg 70%-75%
41-51 mmHg
HCO3Base excess :
22 26 mEq/L -2 sampai +2
24 28 mEq/L 0 sampai 4
Monday, January 07, 2013
Intensive Care
Arterial blood samples
Are drawn from a peripheral artery
Radial artery Brachial artery Femoral artery
Nursing practice perform radial artery puncture and femoral artery puncture is usually performed only by an advanced practitioner (DeLaune, 2002) The syringe is then rotated to mix the blood with the heparin to prevent clotting
Arterial punctures should not be performed
If the client is hyperthermic Immediately after breathing and suctioning treatments Less than 20 to 30 minutes after oxygen therapy or ventilator setting Potter 2006
Arterial samples are also contraindicated in :
Anticoagulant therapy Clotting disorders Symptomatic peripheral vascular disease Negative Allen test
Allen test
Have client tight fist and rise hand above heart Apply direct pressure to both arterial and ulnar artery Have client lover hand and open hand Release pressure ulnar artery; observe color of fingers, thumb, and hand
Allens test result :
Flushing can be seen immediately if flow through ulnar artery is good. Allens test is positive, verifying ulnar artery alone is capable to providing blood supply to entire hand. Therefore radial artery can be used to for puncture If there is not flushing in 15 second, Allens test is negative, and this test should be repeated on other arm If both hand give negative result, another artery (femoral) need to chosen for puncture
Regardless of who performs the arterial puncture
Nurse is responsible for assessing the client for symptoms of bleeding or occlusion postpuncture Direct pressure must be applied to the puncture site until all bleeding has stopped, a minimum of 5 minutes Ensure that all bleeding has stopped before releasing the pressure
Symptoms of impaired circulation include
Numbness and tingling Bluish color Absence of a peripheral pulse
