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Physical Examination

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PHYSICAL EXAMINATION

General appearance and behavior

Body built: Thin/ Moderately built/obese

Posture: Erect /Kyphosis/Scoliosis/lordosis

Gait: Coordinated and steady.

Hygiene and grooming: Hygienic and well dressed /unhygienic

Appearance: Anxious/Pleisant/cheerful/depressed/worried.

Speech: Coherent/incoherent

Level of consciousness: conscious/unconscious.

Level of activity: active/dull

Level of nourishment: Nourished/unnourished

Height and Weight

Height in cm

Weight in kg

BMI= weight in kg/ height in m2

Inference:

Vital signs

 Temperature
 Pulse
 Respiration
 Blood pressure
HEAD TO FOOT ASSESSMENT
Skin

Inspection
Color - pallor/cyanosis/Erythema/Jaundice hyper or hypopigmentation
Lesions -primarylesions-macule/papule/Vesicle/nodule/wheal, pustule/cyst
Secondary lesion-erosion/ulcer/fissure/scaler/crust/scar/keloicl/lichennification

Palpation
Temperature - Warm/ cold and clammy
Moisture: Dryness/ smooth/ excessive moisture -
Texture - Soft/Rough/Thick
Turgor - Flexible/Elastic/Hard inelastic
Edema: Present/Absent/ pitting or Not, Grade.

Nails
Color -pink/cyanosis/pale
Cleanliness - clean/unclean.
Clubbing/Beau's line/koilonychias /splinter hemorrhage/paronychia
Capillary refill time :

Hair and Scalp


Color- Black/ grey
Distribution - Evenly/baldness/Thinning
Texture - Smooth/Rough hard//oily/brittle
Scalp - pediculosis/lesions/dandruff

Head
Size - Hydrocephalous/ Normocephalic/Microcephaly
Shape – Rounded/ oval
Symmetry/contour - Symmetrical/abnormal counter due to trauma , surgery
Face - pale/flushing/puffiness/edema
Facial feature: symmetric/ not

Eyes
Eyebrows
Symmetry -Aligned symmetrical/non symmetrical
Distribution -Eventually/loss of hair
Movement of brows: movable/Not movable
Eye lids
Color: Same as skin/not
Presence of ectropion/entropin/edema/ptosis/lesions
Eye lashes
Distribution -Eventually/not
Presence of follicle/stye/infection/dandruff
Lacrimal gland
Edema/ redness/excessive tear
Tenderness: present/ not
Conjunctiva
Normal/pallor/yellow/reddish/conjunctivitis/subconjuctival hemorrhage
Sclera
Color - white/changes
Cornea
Transparent, smooth, shiny or cloudy/ abrasions/irregular surface
Eye ball: protruded/sunken/Normal
Iris: Black/blue/brown/cloudy
Pupil -Dilated/pinpoint
PERRLA: Pupils equally rounded reactive to light and accommodation
Visual acuity - Normal/myopia/hyperopia/presbiopia.
Using aids - spectacles/lens
Extra Ocular movements: Possible/Not possible
Peripheral vision; Normal co-ordinated/Not

Ears
Inspection
Color - normal as face/not
Bleeding/lesions/masses/impacted cerumen/foreign bodies & discharges
Deformities: microtia /anotia /low set ears/other deformities
Palpation –Tenderness present / not

Nose and Sinuses


Nasal septum: deviated/ straight
Patency: obstructed-polyps/mass/lesions/foreign body/discharges
Epistaxis: present / not
Frontal &maxillary - painful/not painful.

Mouth and pharynx


Lips: pink/dark/swelling/redness//bleeding/cyanosis/lesions
Teeth: healthy/ poorly aligned missing teeth/loose teeth/dental carries/
stain/dentures.
Gums – Normal/Bleeding/ulceration/swelling//gingivitis
Mucosa - lesions/redness/leukoplakia.
Tongue: moist/dry, coated/not, glossits, fissured, cyanosis/pallor
Uvula- central & freely movable
Oropharynx/ Tonsils: redness/ normal/ enlarged
Neck
Inspection
Rom - Normal/limited
Jugular venous distention – present /not
Palpation
Trachea : central/ deviated
Lymph nodes –not palpable/Enlarged
Thyroid: Enlarged /normal
Carotid pulse: felt, -b/mt

Chest (posterior and anterior chest)


Inspection
Shape- normal/abnormal (Barrel/ pigeon/ funnel)
Symmetry -symmetrical/not
Respiratory Rate:
Dyspnea, use of accessary muscles/ICS - Bulging/retractions
Breathing pattern: Normal/abnormal(Cheyne stokes respiration/sigh/ Biot's/
kusummal’s respiration
Scar - present/absent.
Palpation
Lumps/masses/tenderness
Chest excursion: symmetric /not
Tactile fremitus: symmetric /not
Percussion
Resonance/dullness over the lung parenchyma
Auscultation
Breath sounds: Normal -Bronchial/Bronco-vesicular/Vesicular
If abnormal -Rhonchi/wheeze/crackles/friction rub/stridor

Heart
Inspection
Visible Pulsation: present/absent
Scar - present/absent/implanted devices
Palpation
Apical pulse/beat - present/absent, -- b/mt
Masses /nodes
Percussion: Dullness
Auscultation
Heart sound-s1 &s2 heard
S3 & s4 gallop/murmur/Friction rub.

Vascular: Varicosities/peripheral edema/phlebitis.


Breast and Axillae
Inspection: size/shape/symmerty
Pain/swelling/dimpling/skin lesion
Nipple: discharge/ dry scaling/fissure/ulceration/bleeding
Palpation: tenderness/lump/mass
Axillae: palpable lymph nodes/ not
Male - Gynaecomastia/lump

Abdomen
Inspection
Shape/skincolor/dilatedveins/visibleperistalsis/striae/lesions/rashes/hernia/mass/
ascites
Umbilicus:
Auscultation
Bowel sound: -- /mt
Palpation
Tenderness/mass/rebound tenderness
Abdominal girth:
Percussion - Tympani/dullness

Genitalia
Discharge/lesions/infections
Nocturia, dysuria, incontinence, dribbling, polyuria, infection, frequency,
urgency, hematuria
Female: problems with menstruation/vaginal discharge
Male: pain/sore/discharge/swelling

Rectum and Anus


Lesions/mass/cracks/fissure//hemorrhoids/nodules
Palpation (digital rectal examination) -Bleeding/clay or dark stool/BPH/mass.

Extremities
ROM/paim/swelling/edema/varicose vein/pulses/paralysis/deformities

Reflexes
Deep tendon: Biceps, triceps, brachioradialis, patellar, Achilles
Superficial: Corneal, Plantar, Gag, abdominal

Inference

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