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Initiation is the rate limiting step of protein translation. Here the authors show that recycling of the free ribosomal 40 S subunit is regulated by the deubiquitinase OTUD6. OTUD6 deubiquitinates monoubiquitinated RPS7/eS7 to promote 40 S recycling into the preinitiation complex.
There is great interest in identifying novel peptides signals that communicate internal state information from the gut to the brain. Here we show, using the powerful C. elegans model system, that the peptide INS-7 is secreted from specialized enteroendocrine cells in the fasted state, and functions as an insulin receptor antagonist to regulate neuronal functions.
DNA nanotechnology is useful in preparing nano- and meso-components, but transfer to macroscale arrangements is challenging. Here, the authors report an assembly approach combining DNA programmable assembly with process controlled by acoustic fields to prepare macroscale morphologies.
Despite new treatment options, prognosis for patients with glioblastoma (GBM) remains poor. Here the authors report the clinical course of patients with GBM treated with a personalized neoantigen-derived peptide vaccine treated within the scope of an individual healing attempt.
The authors report a multimodal tactile sensor with perceptions of pressure, temperature, material thermal property, texture, slippage, and a robotic decision-making tactile-visual fusion architecture which allows robots for dexterous housekeeping.
Here Cao et al. provide a functional map of nucleic acid binding proteins that control germ cell proliferation and differentiation into gametes. This valuable resource provides a platform for dissecting gene networks that control animal fertility.
This study analyzes a global dataset of soil metagenomes to explore environmental drivers of growth potential, a fundamental aspect of bacterial life history. The authors show that growth potential, estimated from codon usage statistics, was highest in forested biomes and lowest in arid latitudes, which indicates that bacterial productivity generally reflects ecosystem productivity globally.
The molecular diversity and spatial organization of the mouse basolateral amygdala are unclear. Here, the authors classify 11 glutamatergic cell clusters and describe the roles of distinct neuron populations in different valence-specific behaviors.
The bactericidal activity of several antibiotics partially relies on production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which requires the Fenton reaction. Here, the authors show that membrane depolarization also leads to ROS production, but this occurs via other mechanisms that do not require the Fenton reaction.
The authors present the generation of laser harmonics with tunable orbital angular momentum by directing a laser at shaped targets. The combined frequency and OAM spectrum can be controlled via the target shape and the pump laser topology.
Mechanical stress during muscle contraction constantly threatens the proteome. Here, Kutzner et al. present the OptIMMuS model and identify the TRIM E3 ligase NHL-1 to regulate myosin levels and function upon mechanical stress.
With fMRI and computational models, Kupers et al. found that visually-driven neural computations in space and time, rather than limited neural sources, explain why brain responses are lower when we view multiple things at once vs one after the other.
Major strike-slip faults that develop between strong and weaker regions are thought to focus along narrow shear zones at the rheological boundary. Here the authors present the InSAR-derived velocity field spanning almost the entire length of one such fault, the 1600 km-long Altyn Tagh Fault, and analyse the strain distribution.
Transporting charged particles in a guided manner, similar to how optical fibers carry light signals, has the potential to profoundly impact the scientific and technological landscape. Here, the authors propose a viable method to realize these waveguides by leveraging Lagrange points created by the electrostatic potential around a carefully designed twisted wire in a vacuum.
How stable sensory and motor variables are represented in association brain areas such as retrosplenial cortex (RSC) during the performance of a cognitive task is not fully understood. Here authors show that mouse RSC can reliably store sensory information about the environmental context and trial outcome while exhibiting flexible coding of motor choice.
Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma is a B-cell low-grade lymphoma with no approved standard therapy. Here the authors report a non-randomized phase 1 clinical trial performing early intervention with personalized neoantigen vaccines in asymptomatic patients and associating clinical efficacy with successful perturbation of the tumor immune microenvironment.
It is elusive why some heavy drinkers progress to severe alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) while others do not. Here we show that people who have a poor diet, as indicated with a data-driven score, might be more susceptible to severe ALD due to alcohol consumption.
There is limited evidence of the prognostic significance of anticoagulant use in patients with ischemic left ventricular aneurysm (LVA) Here, the authors used a cohort database on ischemic LVA and found that anticoagulant therapy significantly reduces stroke risk without increasing major bleeding.
The construction of atropisomers with 1,2-diaxes, while maintaining high enantiocontrol, presents a significant challenge due to the dynamic nature of steric hindrance at ortho-aryl substituents. Herein, the authors report the synthesis of diverse atropisomeric arylpyrroles with 1,2-diaxes, and C–C and C–N axes via a remote stereocontrol strategy.
Penicillin and other β-lactam drugs form protein adducts that can facilitate allergic and other drug-directed responses. Here, Deimel et al. describe the pharmacokinetic, immunologic and structural determinants of anti-penicillin antibodies.