Genome-wide association studies and rare-variant burden tests are the two main tools for discovering links between genetic variants and traits. Comparisons of their results reveal that they systematically rank genes differently, and models have been developed to explain why. Ultimately, both methods are complementary, each highlighting distinct aspects of trait biology.

A stellar radio burst has been detected that signals an ejection of plasma from a star other than the Sun. The signal reveals the severe space-weather conditions of the planets that orbit the Milky Way’s most common stars.

Nanoparticles containing lanthanide ions are excellent light emitters. The addition of organic molecules means that they can be activated using electric currents.

How circular extrachromosomal DNA is inherited during cell division is a puzzle. Key sequences enabling this DNA to journey with chromosomes have been identified.