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Imperatives and co-benefits of research into climate change and neurological disease

Nature Reviews Neurology (2025)Cite this article

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Abstract

Evidence suggests that anthropogenic climate change is accelerating and is affecting human health globally. Despite urgent calls to address health effects in the context of the additional challenges of environmental degradation, biodiversity loss and ageing populations, the effects of climate change on specific health conditions are still poorly understood. Neurological diseases contribute substantially to the global burden of disease, and the possible direct and indirect consequences of climate change for people with these conditions are a cause for concern. Unaccustomed temperature extremes can impair the systems of resilience of the brain, thereby exacerbating or increasing susceptibility to neurological disease. In this Perspective, we explore how changing weather patterns resulting from climate change affect sleep — an essential restorative human brain activity, the quality of which is important for people with neurological diseases. We also consider the pervasive and complex influences of climate change on two common neurological conditions: stroke and epilepsy. We highlight the urgent need for research into the mechanisms underlying the effects of climate change on the brain in health and disease. We also discuss how neurologists can respond constructively to the climate crisis by raising awareness and promoting mitigation measures and research — actions that will bring widespread co-benefits.

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Fig. 1: Effects of extreme temperature on the pyloric rhythm of Cancer borealis.
Fig. 2: Shared vulnerabilities and system disruptions.

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Acknowledgements

M.I.G., S.L. and S.M.S. are supported by the Epilepsy Society. S.L. is also supported by the National Brain Appeal Innovation Fund. S.M.S. and A.M. were supported by a University College London Grand Challenges Climate Crisis Special Initiative award (number 156425). E.M. is supported by National Institutes of Health grant R35 NS 097343. D.-J.D. is supported by the UK Dementia Research Institute (award number UKDRI-7005) through the UK Dementia Research Institute, principally funded by the UK Medical Research Council and the National Institute for Health and Care Research Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK

    Medine I. Gulcebi, Sara Leddy & Sanjay M. Sisodiya

  2. Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont St Peter, UK

    Medine I. Gulcebi, Sara Leddy & Sanjay M. Sisodiya

  3. Department of Medical Pharmacology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey

    Medine I. Gulcebi

  4. Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood UK, Southampton, UK

    Katherine Behl

  5. Surrey Sleep Research Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK

    Derk-Jan Dijk

  6. Care Research and Technology Centre, UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London and the University of Surrey, Guildford, UK

    Derk-Jan Dijk

  7. Biology Department and Volen Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA

    Eve Marder

  8. Department of Geography, University College London, London, UK

    Mark Maslin

  9. Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

    Mark Maslin

  10. Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering, Bartlett School of Environment, Energy and Resources, Bartlett Faculty of the Built Environment, University College London, London, UK

    Anna Mavrogianni

  11. Extreme Environments Laboratory, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK

    Michael Tipton

  12. Stroke Research Centre, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK

    David J. Werring

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Contributions

S.M.S. conceptualized the article. M.I.G., S.L. and S.M.S. researched data for the article. S.M.S. wrote the original draft with contributions from the other authors. K.B., D.-J.D., E.M., M.M., A.M., M.T., D.J.W. and S.M.S. reviewed and/or edited the manuscript before submission. M.I.G., S.L. and E.M. prepared the figures.

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Correspondence to Sanjay M. Sisodiya.

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Gulcebi, M.I., Leddy, S., Behl, K. et al. Imperatives and co-benefits of research into climate change and neurological disease. Nat Rev Neurol (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41582-024-01055-6

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