Large-Depth Ground-Penetrating Radar for Investigating Active Faults: The Case of the 2017 Casamicciola Fault System, Ischia Island (Italy)
<p>Location of our geophysical survey, Ischia Island (Italy): ISH1, ISH2, ISH3, ISH4 are the GPR profiles (black lines); TDEM1-7 are the time-domain electromagnetic measurements (black squares) across the synthetic and antithetic active faults system of Holocene Casamicciola graben (red lines, marks on down-thrown side). Geology and active faults are from Vezzoli (1988) [<a href="#B10-applsci-14-06460" class="html-bibr">10</a>] and Tibaldi and Vezzoli (1998) [<a href="#B11-applsci-14-06460" class="html-bibr">11</a>]. The co-seismic ruptures of the 2017 earthquake (yellow lines) are from Nappi et al. (2018) [<a href="#B3-applsci-14-06460" class="html-bibr">3</a>]. The 21 August 2017 mainshock (the yellow large star) is from <a href="https://terremoti.ov.ingv.it/gossip/ischia/2017/index.html" target="_blank">https://terremoti.ov.ingv.it/gossip/ischia/2017/index.html</a> (accessed 1 July 2024) [<a href="#B12-applsci-14-06460" class="html-bibr">12</a>]; historical earthquakes (red circles) are from Selva et al. (2021) [<a href="#B13-applsci-14-06460" class="html-bibr">13</a>].</p> "> Figure 2
<p>Acquisition of GPR data by the Loza system at Ischia Island.</p> "> Figure 3
<p>Row data measured along profiles ISH1, ISH2 (25 MHz and 100 MHz), ISH3 (25 MHz), and ISH4 (25 MHz) with relative average A-scan. Note that the 100 MHz section is represented with exaggeration of the vertical scale [<a href="#B29-applsci-14-06460" class="html-bibr">29</a>].</p> "> Figure 4
<p>Processed data for the ISH1 LDGPR profile (15 MHz). Here and in <a href="#applsci-14-06460-f005" class="html-fig">Figure 5</a>, <a href="#applsci-14-06460-f006" class="html-fig">Figure 6</a> and <a href="#applsci-14-06460-f007" class="html-fig">Figure 7</a>, the dark blue-line rectangles highlight the variations of the electromagnetic response recorded along profiles due to the presence of geological structures such as faults. The solid white lines show the layers detected by LDGPR data. The light-blue and black lines identify the electro-layers (with different resistivity) from our TDEM data and previous TDEM data (Nardone et al., 2023 [<a href="#B29-applsci-14-06460" class="html-bibr">29</a>]), respectively.</p> "> Figure 5
<p>Processed data for the ISH2 LDGPR profile (25 MHz). Refer to the caption of <a href="#applsci-14-06460-f004" class="html-fig">Figure 4</a> for explanation [<a href="#B29-applsci-14-06460" class="html-bibr">29</a>].</p> "> Figure 6
<p>Processed data for the ISH3 LDGPR profile (25 MHz). Refer to the caption of <a href="#applsci-14-06460-f004" class="html-fig">Figure 4</a> for explanation [<a href="#B29-applsci-14-06460" class="html-bibr">29</a>].</p> "> Figure 7
<p>Processed data for the ISH4 LDGPR profile (25 MHz). Refer to the caption of <a href="#applsci-14-06460-f004" class="html-fig">Figure 4</a> for explanation [<a href="#B29-applsci-14-06460" class="html-bibr">29</a>].</p> "> Figure 8
<p>Q-factor computed on a portion of the ISH2 section acquired using a 100 MHz antenna. The Q-factor outcome is overlaid on row data (transparent) and shows a sub-vertical contact dipping towards the north.</p> "> Figure 9
<p>Outcome of our LDGPR survey: the white lines are the surface projections of faults found by the LDGPR survey. The blue box includes the portion of the ISH2 profile studied by Q-factor analysis (<a href="#applsci-14-06460-f008" class="html-fig">Figure 8</a>). Active faults are from Vezzoli (1998) [<a href="#B10-applsci-14-06460" class="html-bibr">10</a>] and Tibaldi and Vezzoli (1998) [<a href="#B11-applsci-14-06460" class="html-bibr">11</a>]. The co-seismic ruptures of the 2017 earthquake are from Nappi et al. (2018) [<a href="#B3-applsci-14-06460" class="html-bibr">3</a>]. The 21 August 2017 mainshock (yellow star) is from <a href="https://terremoti.ov.ingv.it/gossip/ischia/2017/index.html" target="_blank">https://terremoti.ov.ingv.it/gossip/ischia/2017/index.html</a>, accessed on 13 July 2024 [<a href="#B12-applsci-14-06460" class="html-bibr">12</a>].</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Survey and Data Analysis
3. Results
4. Conclusive Remarks
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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ID Data | Length (m) | Spatial Step (m) | Frequency (MHz) | Dielectric Permittivity Average | Max. Estimated Depth of Signal (m) | Easting Start (UTM—m) | Northing Start (UTM—m) | Easting End (UTM—m) | Northing End (UTM—m) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ISH1 | 862 | 0.9 | 15 | 6 | 125 | 406,698 | 4,510,675 | 407,103 | 4,511,304 |
ISH2 | 1330 | 1.5 | 100, 25 | 13, 5 | 190 | 407,324 | 4,510,451 | 407,273 | 4,511,211 |
ISH3 | 509 | 0.9 | 25 | 5 | 95 | 407,177 | 4,510,726 | 406,757 | 4,510,879 |
ISH4 | 814 | 0.8 | 25 | 5 | 180 | 406,015 | 4,510,572 | 406,182 | 4,511,279 |
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Paoletti, V.; D’Antonio, D.; De Natale, G.; Troise, C.; Nappi, R. Large-Depth Ground-Penetrating Radar for Investigating Active Faults: The Case of the 2017 Casamicciola Fault System, Ischia Island (Italy). Appl. Sci. 2024, 14, 6460. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14156460
Paoletti V, D’Antonio D, De Natale G, Troise C, Nappi R. Large-Depth Ground-Penetrating Radar for Investigating Active Faults: The Case of the 2017 Casamicciola Fault System, Ischia Island (Italy). Applied Sciences. 2024; 14(15):6460. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14156460
Chicago/Turabian StylePaoletti, Valeria, Donato D’Antonio, Giuseppe De Natale, Claudia Troise, and Rosa Nappi. 2024. "Large-Depth Ground-Penetrating Radar for Investigating Active Faults: The Case of the 2017 Casamicciola Fault System, Ischia Island (Italy)" Applied Sciences 14, no. 15: 6460. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14156460