Web Surveys

The past decade has witnessed a steady growth of open source
software usage in industry and academia, leading to a complex ecosystem of projects. Web and subsequently geographical information systems have become prominent technologies, widely adopted in diverse domains. Within this context, we developed an open source web platform for interoperable
GIServices. In order to implement this architecture, 14 projects were selected and analysed, including the client-side libraries and the server-side components. Although other surveys have been conducted in this area, little feedback has been formally obtained from the users and developers concerning their opinion of these tools. A questionnaire was designed to obtain responses from the relevant online communities about a given set of characteristics. This article describes the technologies and reports the results of the survey, providing first-hand information about open source web and geospatial tools.

Feeling thermometer questions are widely used in political science research to estimate people’s attitudes and feelings toward a political object, like a political figure or an organization. Given the popularity of the feeling thermometer question in population surveys, more work is needed to explore the measurement of this question type. This study examines the data collection mode effect on feeling thermometers. Using the 2012 American National Election Studies, we find that the measurement of feeling thermometers is not exactly comparable between face-to-face and Web surveys. Face-to-face respondents tend to provide warmer feelings, while Web respondents give relatively more reliable responses in comparison. In both survey modes, respondents are most likely to select the response options that are verbally labeled although the effect is more striking in face-to-face than Web survey. The item nonresponse between these two modes does not differ in a meaningful way. This study ends by discussing future research directions on feeling thermometer questions.

This paper aims to draw useful indications for researchers who wish to conduct international marketing research using electronic surveys. These suggestions are based on our own studies in which data on the perceptions of international companies' managers were collected via a mixed mode of surveying that combined e-mail and web-based applications. The experience was rich in problem solving and uncovered several practical details that might escape a researcher less experienced in electronic survey instruments.

Suggestions for international research using electronic surveys. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273958576_Suggestions_for_international_research_using_electronic_surveys?fulltextDialog=true [accessed Mar 26, 2015].

Resumen: el objetivo de este artículo es mostrar cómo el incremento de las labores de cuidado, producto de la pandemia, y el quiebre de la red de cuidados han recaído significativamente sobre las mujeres. Al reconocer la crisis de los cuidados, que ha privilegiado un modelo individualista por sobre uno social o comunitario, la pandemia de la covid-19 revela las sobrecargas de un tipo de sujeto y las imposibilidades para pensar otras formas de cuidar. Mediante la presentación de algunos resultados, obtenidos por la encuesta Cuidar, realizada en Chile en mayo de 2020, en un contexto de cuarentena estricta, cierre de establecimientos educacionales y medidas de distanciamiento social, discutimos la participación de las mujeres en entramados de prácticas de cuidado que se van tornando cada vez más frágiles. Si consideramos que las mujeres son actores clave en estas articulaciones, la precarización de su calidad de vida afecta la capacidad misma de la red para sostener y cuidar y, por ende, la capacidad de las mujeres para cuidar tanto de sí mismas como de otros. Es decir, la pandemia no solo muestra un conjunto de prácticas que se desarticula y reorganiza, sino que, dada su organización privatizada y concentrada en un tipo de individuo, se hace mucho más frágil en tanto que depende casi exclusivamente de un sujeto cuyas posibilidades de repensarse o rearticularse son menores o limitadas.

Palabras clave: crisis de los cuidados, cuidados, género, pandemia, prácticas.

The Im-Possibilities of Care: Reconstructions of Care in the COVID-19 Pandemic Based on the Experience of Women in Chile

Abstract: The purpose of this article is to highlight that the increase in caregiving tasks, as a result of the pandemic and the breakdown of the care network, have fallen most heavily on women. By recognizing the crisis of care, which has privileged an individualistic model over a social or community model, the covid-19 pandemic reveals the overburdening of one type of subject and the impossibilities of thinking about other forms of care. By presenting some of the results obtained via the Cuidar survey, conducted in Chile in May 2020, in a context of strict quarantine, closure of educational establishments and social distancing measures, we discuss the participation of women in care practices that are becoming increasingly fragile. If we consider that women are key actors in these articulations, the precariousness of their quality of life affects the very capacity of the network to sustain and care and, therefore, women’s capacity to care for themselves as well as for others. In other words, the pandemic reveals not only a set of practices that is disarticulated and reorganized, but also that, given its privatized organization and concentration in one type of individual, it becomes much more fragile in that it depends almost exclusively on a subject whose possibilities of rethinking or rearticulating itself are reduced or limited.

Keywords: Care, care crisis, gender, pandemic, practices.

Im-possibilidades do cuidado: reconstruções do cuidar na pandemia da covid-19 a partir da experiência de mulheres no Chile
Resumo: o objetivo deste artigo é mostrar como o aumento dos trabalhos de cuidado, produto da pandemia ocasionada pela covid-19, e a quebra da rede de cuidados vêm recaindo significativamente sobre as mulheres. Ao reconhecer a crise dos cuidados, que tem privilegiado um modelo individualista sobre um social ou comunitário, a pandemia revela as sobrecargas de um tipo de sujeito e as impossibilidades para pensar outras formas de cuidar. A partir da apresentação de alguns resultados, obtidos pela pesquisa “Cuidar”, realizada no Chile em maio de 2020, num contexto de quarentena estrita, fechamento do comércio e estabelecimentos educacionais, e medidas de distanciamento social, discutimos a participação de mulheres em tramas de práticas de cuidado que vão se tornando cada vez mais frágeis. Se considerarmos que as mulheres são atores-chave nessas articulações, a precarização de sua qualidade de vida afeta a capacidade da rede de apoiar e cuidar e, por consequência, a capacidade das mulheres de cuidar tanto de si mesmas quanto de outros. Isto é, a pandemia não somente mostra um conjunto de práticas que é desarticulado e reorganizado, mas também, tendo em vista sua organização privatizada e concentrada num tipo de indivíduo, se faz muito mais frágil ao passo que depende quase exclusivamente de um sujeito cujas possibilidades de repensar-se ou rearticular-se são menores ou limitadas.

Palavras-chave: crise dos cuidados, cuidados, gênero, pandemia, práticas.