War and violence (Psychology)

Objective: Restorative justice (RJ) was introduced into school systems as an alternative to ineffective zero tolerance policies as another way of dealing with a disciplinary infractions. While school-based RJ has been gaining popularity within the US, empirical research has been lacking. One RJ approach is Restorative Circles (RC), which provide a space for those involved in conflict to repair harm through a facilitated dialogue process. Given the minimal research, the aim of the present study was to examine student and staff experiences and outcomes after participating in an RC program. Method: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 35 high school students and 25 staff and administrators involved in some capacity with the RC program at their school. All participants were from a high school in a large urban center in the Southeast US. Results: As part of a larger study a theoretical model was developed using Grounded Theory Methodology. The emergent model included the following constructs: culture, barriers, internal motivation, engagement with RC and outcomes. Only outcomes will be discussed in the current study. Both negative and positive outcomes emerged from the interview data. For negative outcomes, frustration and disappointment were key themes. For positive outcomes ownership of the process, interrupting the school to prison pipeline, improved relationships, prevention of destructive ways of engaging conflict, meaningful dialogue and academic and social achievements were key themes. Conclusions: This study provides researchers and practitioners with a theoretical framework to use as a foundation to better understand how individuals experience RC. Keywords: Conflict Resolution, Restorative Circles, At-Risk Youth, School-based research, Adolescents

Objective: This paper proposes a conceptual model for gender differences in outcomes of intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization, broadly conceived as including physical, sexual, emotional, and coercive control forms of abuse, as well as stalking. Method: Literature review of PsycInfo and PubMed databases. Results: The literature reviewed suggests these negative effects are not equally distributed by gender—studies indicate that women

Bu çalışmada Çanakkale Savaşı'na katılan İttifâk ve İtilâf Devletleri'nin silahlı kuvvetlerinin savaş öncesi ve esnasındaki halet-i ruhiyeleri değerlendirilecektir. Çanakkale Savaşı 3 Kasım 1914'te başlamış ve 9 Ocak 1916'ya kadar sürmüştür. Sonuçlarının etkisi düşünüldüğünde Türk ve Dünya tarihinde askerî, sosyal, siyasal ve iktisâdî yönleriyle büyük etkileri görülmüştür. Çalışmamızda ise bunlara eklenmesi gerektiğini düşündüğümüz sosyal ve psikolojik boyutu vurgulamak istiyoruz. Çünkü bu savaş sıradan bir savaş değildi. Zira bu savaşta kahramanlık hikâyeleri, büyük acılar ve dramların yaşandığı bir gerçekti. Bir savaşta ölümlerin olması doğal bir sonuç olarak değerlendirilir ancak Çanakkale Savaşı'nın üç boyutlu olduğu unutulmamalıdır. Bu üç boyut: 1) ölüme tanıklık eden askerlerin ruh hali, 2) öldürme psikolojisi ve 3) cesetlerle yaşama psikolojisini ifade eder. Çanakkale Zaferi'nin kazanılmasındaki en önemli faktör askerlerin üzerindeki moral motivasyon desteğidir. Zira savaşan askerler üzerindeki manevi, milli ve bireysel motivasyon desteği savaşın kaderini değiştirmiştir. Sonuç olarak, Çanakkale Savaşı'nda insanlık için nasıl bir felaket yaşandığı ve savaşın muharip askerlerin hayatına ve halet-i ruhiyesine nasıl tesir ettiği bu çalışmada değerlendirilecektir.

A Kelet és Nyugat dialektikája modern világunk egyre sürgetőbb aktuális kérdése. Az itáliai
arisztokrata családból származó, nagyhírű orientalista, Leone Caetani már a 20. század elején az
afrikai kontinens kolonizációja során meglátta a gyarmatosításban rejlő lehetséges negatív
következményeket. Történeti munkáiban és kutatásai során a ’tapasztalat’ jelentőségét és a ’nép
fogalmának’ fontosságát hangsúlyozta. A kultúrák együttélésének egyetlen lehetőségét a békén és
a tiszteletadáson alapuló kölcsönös elismerésben határozta meg.

Violence exposure and disabilities frequently co-occur. Rates of disabilities among children with violence exposure range from 3 to 11 times that of nonexposed children. Each can be causal in the development of the other both directly and through less direct pathways. In this article, both direct and indirect influences that can lead to a circular pattern of mutual reinforcement between violence and disabilities are identified. Childhood disability research has historically focused on the individual more than the ecological context. Within the field of childhood violence exposure, the focus is often on perpetrators within the family or community. In this article, the ecological framework is applied to violence and disabilities studies to help integrate the two different research literatures and to examine different levels of influence on the developmental course of both social problems. The experience of school is used as a framework for examining violence and disability transactions at each level of the ecological framework, including the role of bullying and school violence. Finally, areas of intervention within the purview of schooling are identified, particularly those that empower students through mastery-focused school climate and student involvement.

Objective: This paper proposes a conceptual model for gender differences in outcomes of intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization, broadly conceived as including physical, sexual, emotional, and coercive control forms of abuse, as well as stalking. Method: Literature review of PsycInfo and PubMed databases. Results: The literature reviewed suggests these negative effects are not equally distributed by gender—studies indicate that women

This juggernaut of war has crushed millions of humankind. Its savagery and decadence is consummate. Such butchery has patently marked all the wars of this century and before. This cannibalization of mankind on its own is unparalleled. Scenes of human massacre that few persons would believe will be imprinted perpetually in the minds of the combatants. Many of those who experience the immoral, offensive and degrading trauma of war can be physically and psychologically scared indefinitely. Their sense of what is right and wrong is in constant conflict. The tragedy of war and incomprehensible death will change whoever you thought you were and whatever you think you will become when you encounter its indescribable cruelty.

Dreams about 9/11 -- Paper presented at the 19th Annual International Conference for The International Association for the Study of Dreams, Tufts University, Medford, Boston, Massachusetts; 05/2002
An analysis of trauma dreams collected after 9/11

This paper focuses on psychological mechanisms of dissociation, dehumanization and renouncement of subject position, and their relation to the carrying out of violence. Its context is the violent towards children and families in the West bank, executed regularly by the Israeli military, as reported by human rights organizations, media sources and Ex-soldiers' testimonies. The soldiers are usually normative citizens, expecting eventually to be parents. What brings them to take part in physical and psychological abuse of children? Based on my experience as a student and as a soldier-teacher in Israeli schools, and on research by education and psychology scholars, I will claim that the answer lies partly in the Israeli education system. Ex-soldiers report retroactively on the psychological state that enabled them to take part in violence against minors, contrary to their own basic values. Their accounts testify to a de-humanization mechanism that leads to perceiving Palestinians, including children, as enemies rather than humans. This de-humanization, affected by the messages of certain elements of Israeli education, allows the dissociation that enables the violent acts. I will further use my own research, to claim that soldiers' testimonies reveal the effort Israeli army put into the infantilization of young recruits, depriving them of their agency and subjectivity. Ex-soldiers tend to talk about themselves as "children" who were brainwashed. I will suggest a relation between the impaired subject position of the soldiers, the de-humanization mechanism, and the deprivation of subjectivity from Palestinians, and the consequence of violence.

This first draft of a paper accepted for presentation at the Mythology of Violence Conference briefly suggests the implications for understanding war and the epidemics of mass violence of our times within the context of Jungian psychology.  An expanded version of the paper intends to explore the works of cultural historian Lewis Mumford and parallel works by sociologist Ernest Becker on the religious and mythico-ritual dimensions of the institution of warfare embedded in the unconscious mythologies that inform the very structure of societies since ancient times.

En el caso de muchos combatientes fascistas la actividad intelectual actuaría como una prolongación natural y necesaria del ejercicio de la guerra, precisamente por ello, nos proponemos analizar las motivaciones que impulsaron a miles de españoles a alistarse como voluntarios para la guerra en el Frente del Este, y lo haremos a través de sus propias colaboraciones en la revista La Joven Europa. En este sentido, podría decirse que dicha publicación se convirtió en un espacio de encuentro para intelectuales y combatientes fascistas que contribuyó a la legitimación ideológica de la guerra en el Frente del Este. Este propósito se vio favorecido por la construcción de una determinada imagen del enemigo y, sobre todo, de una identidad y conciencia en torno a las cuales facilitar la confluencia de los combatientes fascistas. Desde nuestro punto de vista, el análisis de las experiencias y visiones de la guerra codificadas por los combatientes de la División Azul nos permitiría penetrar en su particular imaginario colectivo.
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Intellectual activity acted as a natural and necessary extension of war experience in the case of fascist combatants, for this reason we want to analyse why thousands of Spaniards enlisted themselves as volunteers for going to the Eastern Front, and we are going to do that through their own contributions with La Joven Europa. In fact, this journal was turned into a kind of meeting point for fascist intellectuals and combatants of all over the continent, and it contributed to war’s ideological legitimation at the Eastern Front. This purpose was assisted by the construction of a certain image of the enemy, and above all a new conscience and identity. We are going to see the convergence of fascist combatants around these shared ideas. From our point of view, the analysis of the experiences and views of the war codified by the Spanish soldiers at the Blue Division allow us to deepen our knowledge on their own social imaginary.

Objective: To understand the conditions under which a group of women recruited from antenatal, mental health, and substance abuse services disclose abuse in response to routine screening for intimate partner violence and their constructions of the impact of routine screening. Method: In-depth interviews with 20 women followed up 6 months after disclosing abuse in response to screening. Results: Women were

Objective: This study aimed to test empirically whether (a) the local impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was associated with increases in intimate partner aggression (IPA) and heavy drinking and (b) heavy drinking moderated the association between COVID-19 stress and IPA perpetration. Method: Participants were 510 individuals (approximately 50% who endorsed a sexual or gender minority identity) recruited via Qualtrics Research Services in April 2020, during the height of shelter-in-place (SiP) restrictions across the United States. They completed a questionnaire battery that included measures of COVID-19 stressors, physical and psychological IPA perpetration, and heavy drinking. Results: Rates of physical and psychological IPA perpetration significantly increased after implementation of SiP restrictions which aimed to mitigate the transmission of COVID-19. COVID-19 stress was significantly and positively associated with physical and psychological IPA perpetration;however, COVID-19 stress was positively associated with physical IPA perpetration among nonheavy drinking, but not heavy drinking, participants. Conclusions: Drawn from a large sample of participants of diverse sexual identities, findings tentatively implicate COVID-19 stress as a critical correlate of IPA perpetration and suggest that "low-risk" individuals (i.e., nonheavy drinkers) should not be overlooked. These data provide preliminary support for the usefulness of public health polices and individual-level interventions that target stress, heavy drinking, and their antecedents. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)

Objective: This paper proposes a conceptual model for gender differences in outcomes of intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization, broadly conceived as including physical, sexual, emotional, and coercive control forms of abuse, as well as stalking. Method: Literature review of PsycInfo and PubMed databases. Results: The literature reviewed suggests these negative effects are not equally distributed by gender—studies indicate that women