WPAN

The Standard for Wireless personal area network (WP
AN) has been given by IEEE 802.15.4-2003 these
networks are consists of Low rate, Low powered, Low
memory devices. ZigBee Alliance has provided
Network layer specification and Physical layer (PHY
) and Medium access control (MAC) specification
has been given by IEEE. In general the networks are
of two kind Tree/Mess. In tree network no routing
table is required for routing. After the great succ
ess in PAN this technique has also been tried to ap
ply in
business Network too. The main problem with this ro
uting is that the maximum no of child (Router
capable or end device) at any level and maximum net
work depth is fixed and this is done at the time of
network formation. So the network can’t grow beyond
that max limit of breadth and width. We have
addressed the network depth problem in our paper “A
ddress Borrowing in Wireless Personal Area
Network”. Now in some other network configuration t
he maximum breadth of the network may be
attained but the maximum depth of the network may n
ot be attained (because of the asymmetric nature of
the physical area) at that part and hence address l
ies unused. Here In this paper we have provided a
unified address reorganizing scheme which can be ea
sily applied to tree network so that the network ca
n
grow beyond the maximum no of child present at any
level and overcome the address exhaustion problem
by reorganizing address as per the requirement but
without adding any extra overhead of having a
routing table.

In this paper we present two planar V-band antennas for wireless personal area networks applications. Both of them are implemented on conventional single layer substrates that can serve as packaging for integrated transceivers. Antennas on low- and high-permittivity substrate are investigated and their performances are discussed. The antenna on low-permittivity substrate is shown to have gain higher than 10 dBi and return loss better than 10 dB in 57-66GHz frequency band. The other antenna is demonstrated to have similar characteristics only in two sub-bands of the frequency range due to poor manufacturing quality and higher order mode excitation.

... vary the IR and red LEDs excitation current level, a digital potentiometer scheme based on Xicor ... Thus, TIMERI of the microcontroller is used to detect the heart beat pulses in the time ... air sensors are applied to the analog inputs AinO, Ainl ofa BlueSentry - Bluetooth 16-bits Data ...

LR-WPANs have two types of networks: beacon–enabled and non-beacon-enabled networks. In beacon-enabled LR-WPANs, the high reliability of Beacon frame transmission is required because all transmissions is controlled by the information in the Beacon frame. However, the process to handle the case for the beacon-loss is not well-defined in the standard. In this paper, an enhanced protocol for the case when a Beacon frame is lost is proposed to improve network performances. The protocol allows a device not receiving a Beacon frame to keep transmit its pending frames only within the minimum period of CAP based on the previously received Beacon frame while the standard prevents the device from sending any pending frame during a whole superframe. By simulation and evaluations, the effectiveness of the proposed protocol on improving performances is proven.

Smart home technology nowadays became more popular and wide spread world around. The communication network's appropriate coverage, flexibility and low cost made the Wi-Fi technology one of the strongest choices in this field. The main purpose of this paper is to propose a simple, flexible and low cost design of controlling home appliances and connecting other hardware using Wi-Fi network. The ability of exploiting this design and implementation in different environment and possibility of integration with other modern technology are considered the main benefit of the proposed design. The proposed system provides connecting and controlling all available devices inside home using many sensors and actuators. The monitoring process achieved by appropriate installed software on regular user computer or handheld device.

The main objective of this paper is to investigate the performance trade off with MSK, BPSK and QAM_64 modulation techniques. Investigations have been reported to compare the performance and tradeoffs of MSK, BPSK and QAM_64 modulation schemes. Here modulation schemes have been identified which gives significant performance improvement over the other based on energy consumption and power reception at the WPAN devices. The results have been presented Pan Coordinator (FFD) and GTS & Non GTS End Device (RFD) of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). It has been concluded that the energy consumption is minimum if QAM_64 modulation scheme is used while it is maximum in rest of the cases for MSK and moderate for BPSK. Further, it has been shown that the radio power received is maximum for all kind of WPAN devices with MSK. On the other hand there is variation of received power in case of BPSK and QAM_64. Overall it has been revealed that there is trade off for using various modulation schemes.

IEEE 802.15.4-2003 is a standard for Low rate, Low
powered, Low memory wireless personal area network
(WPAN).The Physical layer (PHY) and Medium access control
(MAC) specification has been given by IEEE [12, 11]and the
Network layer by ZigBee Alliance[17]. They support two kind of
net work Tree/Mess. In tree network no routing table is required
for routing. After the great success in PAN this technique has
also been tried to apply in business Network too. The main
problem with this routing is that the maximum length of the net
work is 16 hops and in some cases the network can not grow
because of the exhaustion of address in some part while the other
part is very poorly loaded. Here In this paper we have provided
a unified address borrowing scheme which can be easily applied
to grow the network beyond 16 hops and overcome the address
exhaustion problem by borrowing address.

Today wireless technologies have become more and more popular in our daily life, the most popular being in telecommunication and networking. Wireless technology has turned out to be convenient and widely uses as it is becoming an inexpensive option to replace fixed cables. There are many different wireless technologies around the world and they are implemented into different wireless devices for our daily use. In this paper, the state-of-art of Bluetooth technology is first reviewed. It aims to demonstrate use of Bluetooth wireless technology including its protocol and functionality by building an application to connect and communicate between wired and wireless devices. The key of this research is to evaluate whether utilization of Bluetooth technology can synchronize contents between a mobile phone and a server computer. The paper no only focuses on developing an application prototype of Magic Mobile Updater (MMU) for Bluetooth enabled devices, which addresses its security and connectivity, but also studies how wireless Bluetooth technology affects and improves our daily life in the near future.

Recently, there has been a growing demand to incorporate multimedia content delivery over the Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). This feature could not only enhance several existing applications in the commercial, industrial, and medical domains, but could also spur an array of new applications. However, the efficient gathering of still images, audio, and video information in WSNs imposes stringent requirements on

New technologies and their seamless wireless interconnectivity bring along many challenges including security and privacy issues that require immediate attention. Wireless personal area networks (WPANs) are characterized by limited energy resources and computing power which call for lightweight security mechanisms in these networks as a mandatory requirement. In this paper, a lightweight trust-based framework for node authentication in WPAN is proposed. Our main objective is to minimise the effort in distinguishing valid requests of trustworthy nodes from invalid requests of malicious nodes that can result in network compromises. We achieve this through network slicing which divides the network into primary and secondary virtual networks. The proposed framework has threefold benefits. Firstly, it authenticates nodes' requests based on a novel method of trust value calculation. Secondly, the framework maintains energy efficiency while authenticating nodes' requests to access WPAN resources. Finally , the framework provides a solution for the biasing problem that can arise due to unexpected behaviour of malicious users in WPANs. The framework efficacy is illustrated by using a case study to show how it can accurately capture trust relations among nodes while preventing malicious behavior. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license.

This paper addresses the issue of energy efficiency for error control mechanisms over WPAN systems. An analytical formulation has been developed to study the trade-off between link layer performance and energy consumption for two types of error control schemes: pure ARQ and type II hybrid ARQ protocol. An MC-CDMA-based system is considered. First of all, the analysis has been used to compare different error recovery schemes from the energy efficiency point of view. Moreover, it has been found that, for any channel conditions, there exists an optimal value of the transmit power that maximizes the energy efficiency. The paper also shows how this result can be used to design the power control of an energy efficient CDMA-based communication system.