Themes in Literature

This paper examines the distinctive British dramatist Jez Butterworth's The Ferryman (2017) as an English revenge tragedy. The well-received play demonstrates the tragic course of an extended family during "the Troubles" of Northern Ireland which marked decades of political conflict. The play's origin is tied to "the Disappeared"; a term that indicates a group of individuals separately killed and secretly buried by the IRA. Drawing on the common elements of revenge tragedies in early modern drama, the research extracts and analyses elements employed by the playwright to weave the plot of his politically motivated family drama into a modern revenge tragedy. The main elements implied include (1) Revenge clearly has political resonance. (2) The revenger gradually transforms into the villain he once blamed. (3) The tyrant of a political entity disciplines the revenger using the same exact power that abused the latter initially. (4) The presence of madness or an absent mind that foretells the vicious future of the revenger. Butterworth successfully utilizes these elements into his plot line so cleverly that he engages the audience with the revenger's, as well as the tyrant's, thirst-quenching retribution. Revenge sets the stage with a blood filled conclusion that destroys the inappropriately motivated young generation.

Renowned for his reliance on the rich literary tradition in the form of references to poetry, prose, and popular culture, Neil Gaiman reimagines and reinterprets sources from myth and traditional folklore and modern, contemporary folklore to meet his own ends and match new contexts. He recycles certain themes, motifs, and symbols throughout his oeuvre. This article aims to address death and resurrection motifs, and their associated symbolism in terms of thematic criticism and structuralism, in view of determining their function at the level of the literary text.

This study sets out to identify themes in Turkish children's literature. Accordingly, Turkish children's literature was examined in terms of child development and education. This study was designed as a case study. Six hundred and sixty-five Turkish children's books were selected from four publishing houses using criterion sampling, and book catalogs were reviewed. Qualitative and quantitative content analysis was administered on the selected children's books according to the Turkish course curriculum themes. Sixteen themes were identified in the children's books. General themes (individual and society, virtues, etc.) were covered in children's books more, while special themes (science and technology, art, etc.) were covered less. When the themes were evaluated in terms of child development, child education, and diversity, some positive and negative results were obtained. Some themes in children's books were not qualified to contribute to child development. Other themes had the potential to support social, mental, emotional, and moral development. However, development areas were not covered in a comprehensive and detailed manner. Children's books had contents suitable for some verbal lessons and verbal competencies in terms of teaching. The same was not true for other courses and competencies. Additionally, children's books had the potential to support children's education on extra-curricular grounds. Finally, a thematically positive and partly limited world was presented in children's books. However, this thematic world displayed may attract the attention of children.

The Victorian poet, Robert Browning was mostly regarded as a great poet of love and an innovator of the dramatic monologue. He was also equally popularly the best-known for his philosophy of optimism, and the philosophy of the Imperfect. But few have looked at Browning’s philosophy of pain, suffering, and evil revealed in his poetry. A humble attempt has been made in this article to explore the common subjects, themes and treatment of pain, suffering, and evil in the poetry of Robert Browning to which a precise and careful evaluative investigation have been assessed by a gone through his some poems abounded with multiple and manifold notions and speeches of speakers, lofty subject-matters, ejaculated diction, presentation, contemporary common psychoanalytical issues and cultural appearance, philosophy of the grand stories on the ground of common subjects and objects, selection of the private and common symbols, perfect imaginary, viewpoint and the perfect creation of characterizatio...

The monograph Context of the Slovak Modern School is a contribution towards current research of Slovak literature at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. It focuses on Modernist tendencies in Slovak cultural and social milieu, as well as on their literary reflection. The monograph  is related to the book Hľadanie moderny (Looking for the Modern School) by the same author from 2009. In both works, Modernist literature from the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries is perceived in broader contexts. In this book, we focus on literary life at the era; on the profile of the writers; as well as on particular themes and genres. We understand the context as a crucial category in order to understand texts. The intention of the book is to show how extrinsic and extra-literary conditions, circumstances, tensions and dilemmas influenced arts. Within this framework, we document, analyse and interpret selected problems and works by respective authors, wishing to show how Modernist poetry and fiction got established in Slovak literature at the beginning of the 20th century.
The monograph consists of fifteen chapters divided into four parts representing four contexts: literary context, context of authors, thematic context and context of genres.

ABSTRAK
Pingkan, Maria Kristina. 2014. Exploring Identities of Bengali-Indian Women in  Jhumpa Lahiri’s The Namesake. Skripsi, Jurusan Sastra Inggris, Fakultas Sastra Universitas Kristen Indonesia. Pembimbing: Dr. Ied Veda Sitepu, MA.

Keywords : Identitity, Bengali – Indian, women, Jhumpa Lahiri, The Namesake, feminism

Identitas adalah suatu ciri khas, perasaan, maupun keyakinan yang membedakan seseorang dengan orang lain di sekitarnya. Identitas juga merupakan tema yang sering terdapat dalam suatu karya sastra karena keterkaitannya dengan manusia sebagai pemilik identitas. Suatu cara untuk mengetahui identitas seseorang disebut proses identifikasi yang terbagi atas dua, yaitu identifikasi sejak lahir dan identifikasi melalui proses dalam kehidupan. Identitas sejak lahir dapat terlihat melalui nama seseorang yang diberikan oleh orangtua atau keluarga karena nama merupakan identitas pertamanya selain jenis kelamin. Selain itu, sebuah nama memiliki arti bagi si pemberi nama atau harapan bagi yang dinamakan. Setelah dewasa, seseorang akan mencari identitasnya sendiri melalui pengalaman-pengalaman hidup yang merupakan proses pembentukan identitasnya sebagai seorang manusia.
Di dalam novel Jhumpa Lahiri yang berjudul The Namesake, Lahiri menceritakan tentang kehidupan seorang laki-laki bernama Gogol Ganguli yang identitasnya dibentuk melalui identitas dua orang wanita terdekat dalam hidupnya, yaitu Ashima Ganguli, ibunya, dan Moushumi Mazoomdar, istrinya. Kedua wanita tersebut menjadi pusat dalam pembahasan skripsi ini karena mereka memiliki tugas atau dharma yang harus mereka jalankan dalam keluarga dan lingkungan sosial yaitu sebagai anak perempuan dan isteri yang berasal dari suku Bengali-India, sehingga mereka harus tunduk kepada tradisi budaya tersebut yang diserap dari agama Hindu. Belum lagi bagi Ashima ia juga berperan sebagai ibu sehingga tugasnya lebih berat. Ashima dan Moushumi hidup sebagai imigran di Amerika namun hanya Ashima yang tetap menjalankan adat-istiadat Bengali-India sekalipun dia sudah menjadi mandiri dan mulai bersosialisasi dengan masyarakat Amerika setelah kematian suaminya. Sebaliknya, Moushumi yang hidup dengan gaya hidup masyarakat Barat, tidak mengindahkan budaya Bengali-India. Singkatnya, gambaran Ashima yang tradisional dan Moushumi yang modern dalam menjalankan peran mereka sebagai wanita Bengali-India mencerminkan identitas mereka yang mereka dapatkan melalui proses dalam kehidupan.


ABSTRACT
Pingkan, Maria Kristina. 2014. Exploring Identities of Bengali-Indian Women in Jhumpa Lahiri's The Namesake. Thesis, Department of English, Faculty of Arts Christian University of Indonesia. Supervisor: Dr. Ied Veda Sitepu, MA.

Keywords: Identitity, Bengali - Indian, women, Jhumpa Lahiri, The Namesake, feminism

Identity is a hallmark, feelings, and beliefs that distinguish one person with another person in the vicinity. Identity is also a theme that is often contained in a literary work because of its association with humans as the owner's identity. A way to determine a person's identity is called identification process is divided into two, namely the identification of birth and identification through a process in life. Identity from birth can be seen through a person's name given by parents or family because his first name is an identity other than gender. In addition, a name meant to the giver's name or hope for is called. As an adult, someone will find her own identity through life experiences which is the process of establishing his identity as a human being.
In the novel Jhumpa Lahiri's The Namesake, Lahiri tells about the life of a man named Gogol Ganguli, whose identity is formed through the identity of the two women closest in his life, namely Ashima Ganguli, his mother, and Moushumi Mazoomdar, his wife. Both the woman to become central in the discussion of this thesis because they have a duty or dharma they must run in the family and social environment that is as girls and wives of the tribe Bengali-Indian, so they should be subject to the cultural traditions that are absorbed from religion Hindu. Not to mention for Ashima he also serves as the mother so that task is harder. Ashima and Moushumi life as an immigrant in America but only Ashima is still running custom-Bengali India even if he has become independent and start socializing with American society after the death of her husband. Instead, Moushumi who live a lifestyle of Western society, disregarding the Bengali-Indian culture. In short, Ashima overview of the traditional and the modern Moushumi in their role as a Bengali-Indian women reflects their identity that they get through the process in life.

Nella prima prova dell’Esame di Stato 2017 l’argomento proposto dal Ministero per la traccia di tipologia B, ambito artistico-letterario, è stata La natura tra minaccia e idillio nell’arte e nella letteratura. L’intervento intende prendere le mosse dall’analisi della documentazione ministeriale messa a disposizione dei candidati (collocazione cronologica e scelta degli autori e dei testi proposti – ma anche dei documenti iconografici), per mostrare, innanzitutto, alcune criticità generali nell’impostazione della traccia stessa. In secondo luogo si evidenzierà come la scelta di questa specifica documentazione tenda a proporre allo studente una visione limitata e stereotipica del rapporto tra uomo e natura, che poco si presta al confronto con quanto egli ha appreso nel corso dell’anno e allo sviluppo di un elaborato di impianto realmente argomentativo. Si proporranno infine alcune riflessioni che possano essere utili, nella pratica didattica, per introdurre gli studenti alla complessità del tema trattato, accompagnandole con una breve scelta di testi (dei medesimi autori o di altri) che, senza stravolgere le consuetudini didattiche, possono aiutare a mettere in luce la complessità e le ambiguità della tematica indicata. Si concluderà mostrando una proposta di rielaborazione della traccia che è stata effettivamente utilizzata, durante il presente anno scolastico, in una quinta Liceo Linguistico.

En el marco de este manual de teoría literaria, mi aporte consistió en trazar un panorama diacrónico de las manifestaciones de la androginia primero a través del mito, la religión y la literatura, y más modernamente desde diversas perspectivas semióticas, para culminar en la recuperación de este tópico que hace hoy en día la psicología social como forma de integrar y valorar un ideal que permite conciliar los "opuestos" tanto en el hombre como en la mujer. Desde esta perspectiva, pues, se puede pensar la androginia como complemento de las actuales teorías gender y queer de las que se ocupan otros autores en este libro.

Réflexion autour du caractère intertextuel et des thèmes de la poésie de la Renaissance italienne. Avec autres écrivains tels que Della Casa ou Ariosto, Bembo est utilisé pour montrer comme une nouvelle approche aux textes permets d'établir des liens intertextuels inattendus et une différente façon d'approcher les textes lyriques plus sensible aux thèmes de cette poésie.

The Victorian poet, Robert Browning was mostly regarded as a great poet of love and an innovator of the dramatic monologue. He was also equally popularly the best-known for his philosophy of optimism, and the philosophy of the Imperfect. But few have looked at Browning’s philosophy of pain, suffering, and evil revealed in his poetry. A humble attempt has been made in this article to explore the common subjects, themes and treatment of pain, suffering, and evil in the poetry of Robert Browning to which a precise and careful evaluative investigation have been assessed by a gone through his some poems abounded with multiple and manifold notions and speeches of speakers, lofty subject-matters, ejaculated diction, presentation, contemporary common psychoanalytical issues and cultural appearance, philosophy of the grand stories on the ground of common subjects and objects, selection of the private and common symbols, perfect imaginary, viewpoint and the perfect creation of characterizatio...

The ‘lonely/low hero’ is a personage depicted initially as a pitiful, isolated, friendless, sad orphan or foundling, but who appears to prove himself to be a powerful representative of a high-ranking family as the story unwinds. We find those personages in different genres: ritual myths, epics, charms, curses and tales. Betel chewing as a cultural practice is of great importance in the depiction of key mythological figures, lonely heroes in particular.
The paper analyses the symbolism of betel chewing as compared to other chewing practices worldwide. Philippine folklore texts are being analysed to define motifs connected to the image of a lonely hero in the folklore of the Tinguian (Itneg), Kalinga, Yattuka (Kallahan), Ifugao and other highlanders of the Northern Philippines, and compares them to corresponding themes in Philippine non-Cordilleran mythologies and beyond.
Обобщающее исследование на стыке этноботаники, этнолингвистики, культурной антропологии и фольклористики, посвященное практике, мифологии, символике бетеля и других легких жевательных стимулянтов и релаксантов в традиционной и современной культуре народов мира.

In this paper I analyse and compare the motif of the rocking chair in some of Samuel Beckett's and Franz Kline's works. Rocking chairs appear in three of Beckett's main works: the novel Murphy, Film, and the short play Rockaby. Kline, in turn, painted a series of portraits of his wife sitting on a rocking chair in a pivotal moment in his life and career – as well as in the history of modern painting –, namely, in the years immediately preceding his turn to abstract painting. By comparing the uses of this apparently marginal motif I intend to show how they can mutually shed light onto each other and help address some of the major aspects of both bodies of work. In particular, I claim that the rocking chair served both authors as a sort of fetish object through which to address their views on the relation between the subject and the outer world, a major theme both in their works and lives which played a relevant role in the development of their creative process and the definition of their poetics.

Unpublished, invited paper. “Public Space in a Themed Mode: Cities, Thematization, and Therapeutic Urban Discourses.” Presented at the “Experiential, Branded, and Lifestyle Spaces: Dialogues between Architecture and Anthropology.” Annual Meeting of the American Anthropological Association, San Francisco. November 21, 2008.

It is a common twentieth-century thought that we live in a world that is demystified by the force of technology and by the rationalized thinking that grounds such technology. In the wake of the attacks of September 11th, many artists struggled with how to respond to the horror. In literature, Don DeLillo was one of the first authors to pose a significant, fictionalized investigation of the day through Falling Man. DeLillo's works are very much suited to the uncertainties of the time. His list of awards is

We approach the notion of theme as a problematic one. Particularly, one can observe that the functions of a theme, as they are assigned by the specialists, especially in linguistics and literary studies, are multiple and mutually incompatible. It is from this variety reluctant to the disciplinarized modes of knowledge that we have in mind to establish the semiological nature of the theme. Its development is a knowledge that does not bend nor to analysis neither to synthesis. In this research, the lectures made by Roland Barthes at the Collège de France serve as a guide and as an example.

Nella sezione Business Services di Penguin Random House alla voce "Manuscript submission" la casa editrice raccomanda di visitare il sito writer's digest. Nella sezione Literary Fiction Writing del Writer's Digest si può trovare una lista di articoli che spiegano quali sono le linee guida per gli autori in termini di struttura narrativa.

L'articolo di Rachel Sheller: Write Fiction that Grabs Readers from Page One parte dall'incidente scatenante. L'incidente scatenante è una delle strutture narrative che caratterizzano la formula utilizzata dall'industria statunitense per costruire e di conseguenza poter valutare un prodotto narrativo. La formula si chiama High Concept.

L'industria della narrazione USA (Cinema/TV/Editoria) è prima di tutto un industria, che ha come obiettivo  primario il successo economico dei suoi prodotti, successo che può essere ottenuto solamente attraverso una strategia che punti costantemente alla minimizzazione del rischio di perdite e alla massimizzazione dei  profitti. Ricordiamo che nel 2015 il settore publishing ha generato $27.78 miliardi in ricavi netti (AAP) mentre nello stesso anno l'industria cinematografica USA è andata oltre i $38 miliardi (Rentrak)

Al fine di massimizzare i profitti l'industria della narrazione USA si ispira al principio cardine della tradizione industriale statunitense: il principio di efficienza, che si esplica attraverso l'utilizzo di pratiche industriali che debbono rispondere a precisi standard. Secondo questo principio un racconto o una sceneggiatura devono possedere determinate proprietà narrative al fine di poter essere collocati sul mercato ed essere venduti. Negli Stati Uniti perciò il marketing non si applica soltanto in fase di promozione di un volume o di un film ma coinvolge l'intero processo produttivo a partire dal lavoro dell'autore che scrive una storia. Si parla perciò di marketing della narrazione perché la storia deve possedere degli speciali requisiti narrativi chiamati pre-sold properties.

Queste proprietà di pre-venduto costituiscono una formula narrativa applicata diffusamente negli USA per valutare i prodotti narrativi destinati alla pubblicazione se si tratta di libri o alla produzione per quanto riguarda i film. Questa formula anche detta High Concept è utilizzata dagli autori, dagli editori e dai produttori al fine di avere dei parametri narrativi univoci sia in fasi di scrittura che di lettura/selezione. La formula è costituita da alcuni elementi irrinunciabili: l'incidente scatenante, l'arco di trasformazione del protagonista, il conflitto, il sistema delle rivelazioni, la battaglia finale e la riscoperta tematica.

il libro è presente ad oggi nelle seguenti biblioteche:

Biblioteca Universitaria di Bologna;
Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale di Roma
Universitäts bibliothek Johann Christian Senckberg
Zentralbibliotehek Goethe Universität Frankfurt;
Princeton University Library;
Elmer Holms Bobst Library New York University:
Yale University Library;

This essay explores the theme of the home in the poetical work of Eugenio De Signoribus, considering it both in its structural dimension and in its diachronic development, and comparing it with other important themes regarding the representation of the domestic space (threshold, border, alienation, the host and the stranger, fraternity and utopia). A first part lingers over the thematization of the home in 20th-century philosophy, from Heidegger’s conception of enracinement to Adorno’s claim about the impossibility of dwelling. Then, the main theme is investigated through the poetical writings of De Signoribus book after book, with a particular focus on the dialectical tension between openness and closure of the subject, that is partly autobiographical and partly allegorical. The condition of the subject himself is interpreted from a psychic (the boundaries of a house as a second skin), existential and socio-historical point of view. The fundamental question can be posed in this way: in order to reach an absolute hospitality (as Derrida put it), is it possible to start from the recognition of an identity or is it necessary to renounce to any mastery and to the ontologically founded property of an identity?

Ci sono tanti modi di raccontare: oralmente, per iscritto, nei film, nei serial televisivi, ma in tutte le narrazioni accade qualcosa, fatti che cambiano il corso degli avvenimenti: fortunati, sfortunati, casuali, predestinati. Questo saggio si concentra appunto su tali momenti che rappresentano le svolte, gli scambi, i crocevia del meccanismo narrativo e delle vicende dei personaggi.
Per la loro natura mimetica le narrazioni sono qualcosa di dinamico e vero, come la vita appunto; vi si racconta di nascita, di formazione, di vecchiaia, di morte, di accadimenti e di avventure (di ciò che sta tra l'alfa e l'omega di un individuo, di carne o di carta). Nelle avventure poi non può non esserci fortuna o sfortuna, che forse sono caso, o forse destino. Analizzando queste variabili "Come la vita" si propone di considerare gli elementi fondamentali della mimesi, il "sale" del racconto, che nelle sue interazioni costruisce e dà spessore all'intreccio.

There are a lot of ways to tell: orally, in writing, in movies, television shows, but in all narrations something happens, get that change the course of events: lucky, unfortunate, coincidental, predestined. This essay focuses on such moments that represent turning points, exchanges, the crossroads of the narrative mechanism and the vicissitudes of the characters. As in life, alternative sudden or meditate, or silent switch on and regulate the overt stories that most involve us.

Il testo pubblicato di seguito è tratto dal terzo capitolo del libro Il sole e la morte. Saggio sulla teoria letteraria di Francesco Orlando. Ho scelto il paragrafo che si intitola L'esprit de géométrie perché mi sembrava relativamente autosufficiente, ma anche perché contiene alcune riflessioni sulla fortuna de Gli oggetti desueti nelle immagini della letteratura, libro recentemente ristampato da Einaudi in una nuova edizione. Sconfinato e molto dibattuto, questo studio tematico rimane, anche oggi, uno dei più grandi progetti di teoria e analisi del testo nella storia della critica occidentale.

L'articolo vuole analizzare strutturalmente il sistema dei personaggi e il campionario tematico e motivale del racconto licantropico riutilizzato nella serie televisiva Teen Wolf (MTv, 2011). Tenendo in considerazione gli studi strutturalisti e il corpus cinema-tografico legato alla figura dell'uomo lupo, si cerca di interpretare l'influenza dell'im-maginario werewolf nel prodotto seriale adolescenziale, attraverso un parallelo tra le dinamiche tipiche dell'adolescenza e le tematiche peculiari del racconto licantropico.

This article provides a structural analysis of the characters and the array of themes and images of the lycanthropic tale that inspired the TV series Teen Wolf (MTV, 2011). With structural studies and numerous movies on the werewolf figure in the background, the author seeks to interpret the influence of the werewolf imaginary on teen drama by comparing the typical dynamics of adolescence with themes particular to lycanthropic tales.

Dans le contexte littéraire du XVIIIe siècle, l’adjectif « gothique » est utilisé pour qualifier un genre romanesque apparu en Angleterre dans les années 1760, ayant connu son apogée dans les années 1790 avec les romans d’Ann Radcliffe et ayant perduré jusque dans les années 1820. Le roman gothique acquiert une renommée qui dépasse rapidement les frontières du Royaume-Uni.

Le genre est inextricablement lié au contexte de son époque, à des principes esthétiques, à des préjugés religieux et à des choix politiques. Il fait donc partie intégrante d’un phénomène de mode, et serait, par définition, éphémère. Cependant, plus de deux siècles après sa naissance, on constate diverses manifestations d’un intérêt pour le gothique – allant de l’adaptation de classiques du genre, à la spécialisation de maisons d’éditions dans la réimpression de romans gothiques oubliés, en passant par l’emploi de l’étiquette « gothique » par la critique contemporaine et les artistes eux-mêmes. Cette postérité du terme en littérature et dans les arts de l’image contemporains semble montrer non seulement que le genre du roman gothique fascine toujours – est-ce parce qu’il a la capacité de « cristalliser », pour ainsi dire, nos préoccupations contemporaines ? – mais aussi qu’il dépasse les frontières de la littérature et cela malgré son inhérence supposée à « un contexte culturel très daté, où l’on retrouve l’écho de principes esthétiques, de préjugés religieux, et de choix politiques qui furent ceux du XVIIIe siècle finissant » (Maurice Lévy, Le roman « gothique » anglais : 1764-1824, Paris, Albin Michel, 1995, p. VI.)

L’architecture est l’une des thématiques majeures du genre – des plus visuelles et qui témoigne actuellement d’une grande vitalité. En effet, architecture et roman gothique sont inhérents, ne serait-ce que par le rapprochement du terme à son sens premier, lié à l’architecture : qu’il s’agisse d’une abbaye, d’un château, d’un couvent ou d’un manoir, la fiction gothique met toujours en scène un lieu paradoxal et ambigu, qui joue à la fois le rôle d’asile et de refuge mais qui abrite aussi les pulsions et les excès. À travers cette composante majeure, il s’agit de mettre en lumière la nature et la signification de l’héritage laissé par le roman gothique du XVIIIe siècle en littérature contemporaine – avec quelle fidélité le thème de la demeure est-il repris ? – et de déterminer quels autres genres et formes d’arts visuels sont également concernés par cette résurgence.

In this paper we describe ongoing work in the restructuring of a tagset originally organised as a taxonomy and used to annotate literary themes and motifs in a corpus of classical works of poetry from a number of different traditions. We show how such a tagset can be rendered more efficient and useful through the appropriation of ideas and techniques from lexical semantics and ontology design. The newly redesigned tagset is described with examples showing how the new design is much more expressive than the old taxonomy; furthermore, an example query is described in order to demonstrate how more refined semantic searches can be carried using the new version of the taxonomy. The final result is, we hope, a resource that will be useful not only for the specific project for which it was developed but one that is well-designed and well-documented enough to be of use for other similar semantic annotation tasks.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2182-8830_4-2_1

Reflections on the teaching of the Bible as Literature and the Bible and Literature -- with a focus on the exegetical history of Genesis 1-4, and the persistence of an alternative reading of the myth of the "Fall" in Gnostic, early Christian, and Kabbalistic interpretations.