Smart Meter

The buildings that aren't "connected" are the same they were decades ago and have retained fundamentally the same purpose i.e. to provide shelter, temperature control, and safety at the same efficiency level. Globally the built environments account for significant energy use and equivalent production of carbon dioxide (CO2) and carbon footprint. Growing concerns about safety, comfort, global warming, and climate change are leading to technological evolution, that will make the buildings smart, more comfortable, and nearly zero energy buildings. The building architectures are obviously smarter today than they were a few years ago and will continue to do so as the people become more energy aware and efficiency focused. Smart architectures and smart technologies are effective means to make buildings more comfortable, secure and reduce greenhouse gas emissions and carbon footprint. Smart metering, smart grid, energy storage, and smart energy management system are some of the technologies that find their use in smart architectures along with ubiquitous digital technologies. These evolving technologies being relatively new can indeed make the buildings smart, intelligent, energy efficient and environmentally sustainable which will attract higher rentals and more resale values in the near future. For commercial real estate, the savings can be impressive. A reduction in energy use is equivalent to an increase in building's asset value and net operating income. This paper provides a contemporary look at the potential of smart architectures and evolving smart energy technologies to reduce energy consumption and carbon footprint in built environments. The scope of this paper is limited to the brief overview of these technologies and their applications.

The buildings that aren't "connected" are the same they were decades ago and have retained fundamentally the same purpose i.e. to provide shelter, temperature control, and safety at the same efficiency level. Globally the built environments account for significant energy use and equivalent production of carbon dioxide (CO2) and carbon footprint. Growing concerns about safety, comfort, global warming, and climate change are leading to technological evolution, that will make the buildings smart, more comfortable, and nearly zero energy buildings. The building architectures are obviously smarter today than they were a few years ago and will continue to do so as the people become more energy aware and efficiency focused. Smart architectures and smart technologies are effective means to make buildings more comfortable, secure and reduce greenhouse gas emissions and carbon footprint. Smart metering, smart grid, energy storage, and smart energy management system are some of the technologies that find their use in smart architectures along with ubiquitous digital technologies. These evolving technologies being relatively new can indeed make the buildings smart, intelligent, energy efficient and environmentally sustainable which will attract higher rentals and more resale values in the near future. For commercial real estate, the savings can be impressive. A reduction in energy use is equivalent to an increase in building's asset value and net operating income. This paper provides a contemporary look at the potential of smart architectures and evolving smart energy technologies to reduce energy consumption and carbon footprint in built environments. The scope of this paper is limited to the brief overview of these technologies and their applications.

Advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) is a component of electrical networks that combines the energy and telecommunication infrastructure to collect, measure and analyze consumer energy consumptions. One of the main elements of AMI is a smart meter that used to manage electricity generation and distribution to end-user. The rapid implementation of AMI raises the need to deliver better maintenance performance and monitoring more efficiently while keeping consumers informed on their consumption habits. The convergence from analog to digital has made AMI tend to inherit the current vulnerabilities of digital devices that prone to cyber-attack, where attackers can manipulate the consumer energy consumption for their benefit. A huge amount of data generated in AMI allows attackers to manipulate the consumer energy consumption to their benefit once they manage to hack into the AMI environment. Anomalies detection is a technique can be used to identify any rare event such as data manipulation that happens in AMI based on the data collected from the smart meter. The purpose of this study is to review existing studies on anomalies techniques used to detect data manipulation in AMI and smart grid systems. Furthermore, several measurement methods and approaches used by existing studies will be addressed.

Smart grids are the cutting-edge electric power systems that make use of the latest digital communication technologies to supply end-user electricity, but with more effective control and can completely fill end user supply and demand. Advanced metering infrastructure (AMI), the backbone of smart grids, can be used to provide a range of power applications and services based on AMI data. The increased deployment of smart meters and AMI have attracted attackers to exploit smart grid vulnerabilities and try to take advantage of the AMI and smart meter’s weakness. One of the possible major attacks in the AMI environment is false data injection attack (FDIA). FDIA will try to manipulate the user’s electric consumption by falsified the data supplied by the smart meter value in a smart grid system using additive and deductive attack methods to cause loss to both customers and utility providers. This paper will explore two possible attacks, the additive and deductive data falsification attack and illustrate the taxonomy of attack behaviors that results in additive and deductive attacks. This paper contributes to real smart meter datasets in order to come up with a financial impact to both energy provider and end-user.

It is generally recognized that our behaviours affect the environment. However, it is difficult to correlate behaviour of an individual person to large-scale problems. This is usually due to insufficient ergonomy of available tools. The main cause is that most of user-awareness tools available are technology-centered instead of user-centered. In this paper, we present a participatory design approach we followed to design and develop an energy-aware mobile application for user-awareness on energy consumption for Smart Home monitoring. To engage end-users from the early design stages, we conduct two on-line surveys and a focus group involving about 630 people. Results allowed on identifying functional requirements and guidelines for mobile app design. The purpose of this research is to increase user-awareness on energy consumption using tools and methods required by users themselves. Furthermore in this paper, we present the technological choices that drove our implementation of an energy-aware application based on prosumers' requirements.

Nowadays, electricity companies have started applying smart grid in their systems rather than the conventional electrical grid (manual grid). Smart grid produces an efficient and effective energy management and control, reduces the cost of production, saves energy and it is more reliable compared to the conventional grid. As an advanced energy meter, smart meters can measure the power consumption as well as monitor and control electrical devices. Smart meters have been adopted in many countries since the 2000s as they provide economic, social and environmental benefits for multiple stakeholders. The design of smart meter can be customized depending on the customer and the utility company needs. There are different sensors and devices supported by dedicated communication infrastructure which can be utilized to implement smart meters. This paper presents a study of the challenges associated with smart meters, smart homes and smart grids as an effort to highlight opportunities for emer...

Electrical energy (electricity) has become an indispensable asset in building sustainable economies and reducing poverty. For such reasons many countries have embarked on various electrification projects, from urban areas to rural areas. However, these projects would not achieve the earlier stated objectives where there is unreliable supply of electric power. Most developing countries especially in Africa are often plagued with power crises. These crises are often as a result of energy constraints and/or generation capacity constraints. Various energy efficiency/demand side management schemes have been implemented to properly ration power. These schemes range from rotational load shedding programs to energy quota systems, with the latter presenting more advantages than the former. Energy quota systems were first known to be only effective in rationing power in energy-constrained environments. However, the advent of smart metering technology has also proved this scheme also effective...

Electricity is one of the prime needs of the humans in our day to day life keeping a track on the consumption of electricity is very important as it is useful in the saving of Electricity. We have created an IOT based project which is used for keeping a track on electric consumption. This IOT based smart electricity energy meter is based on the ESP8266 module and adruino application , this ESP8266 module is helpful for sending the data to the required device and arduino application is used to monitor it. In the project we use both the current and voltage meters for measuring of the quantities ,these measured quantities are been processed and stored in the ESP8266 module and are been transferred to the connected device thus in this way we can always keep a track on the consumption of the energy. I.

Pada penelitian ini mengusulkan pembuatan perangkat Internet of Things yaitu smart energy meter dengan menerapkan sistem blockchain sebagai database. Internet of Things memiliki sistem penyimpanan secara terpusat pada database server, jika server down maka database tidak dapat digunakan dan data kemungkinan akan hilang. Terdapat sistem penyimpanan yang memiliki jaringan desentralisasi dan terdistribusi yaitu blockchain. Sistem blockchain pribadi dibuat menggunakan framework Ethereum. Data sensor akan dibaca oleh Raspberry Pi 4B dan dikirimkan ke node 1 melalui MQTT. Node 1 akan menyimpan data ke blok. Dua node akun Ethereum akan memvalidasi blok tersebut. Jika diterima maka blok akan disimpan pada blockchain dan membuat rantai blok baru. Dalam proses penyimpanan memiliki smart contract antar akun Ethereum yang dibuat menggunakan solidity dan diakses menggunakan web3 API. Data yang berhasil disimpan akan ditampilkan ke web pengguna. Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran performa protokol MQTT...

The growing demand of energy, the capacity limitations of energy management, one-way communication, the need of an interoperability of the different standards, the security of the communication and the greenhouse gas emissions, leads to emerge a new infrastructure grid: Smart Grid. Smart Meters are one of the proposed solutions for the Smart Grid.

Abstract Power line carrier communication presents new area for automatic meter reading, by equipped energy meter with power line system all user connect each other with this communication method, Smart metering uses all potential of this communication channel ...

Smart meters have become a core part of the Internet of Things, and its sensory network is increasing globally. For example, in the UK there are over 15 million smart meters operating across homes and businesses. One of the main advantages of the smart meter installation is the link to a reduction in carbon emissions. Research shows that, when provided with accurate and real-time energy usage readings, consumers are more likely to turn off unneeded appliances and change other behavioural patterns around the home (e.g., lighting, thermostat adjustments). In addition, the smart meter rollout results in a lessening in the number of vehicle callouts for the collection of consumption readings from analogue meters and a general promotion of renewable sources of energy supply. Capturing and mining the data from this fully maintained (and highly accurate) sensing network, provides a wealth of information for utility companies and data scientists to promote applications that can further supp...

—With the prevalence of cloud computing and In-ternet of Things (IoT), smart meters have become one of the main components of smart city strategies. Smart meters generate large amounts of fine-grained data that is used to provide useful information to consumers and utility companies for decision-making. Now-a-days, smart meter analytics systems consist of analytical algorithms that process massive amounts of data. These analytics algorithms require ample amounts of realistic data for testing and verification purposes. However, it is usually difficult to obtain adequate amounts of realistic data, mainly due to privacy issues. This paper proposes a smart meter data generator that can generate realistic energy consumption data by making use of a small real-world data set as seed. The generator generates data using a prediction-based method that depends on historical energy consumption patterns along with Gaussian white noise. In this paper, we comprehensively evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed method based on a real-world energy data set.

Measurement of fluid level in steam valves should require precise values. The instrument designed in this article is used to find out how precise the limit switch is used as an indicator control valve at certain points. The measurement technique will be implemented on a control valve on the geothermal power plant. This device is using the Arduino Due board as a data processor and modified the data signal of the vernier caliper to measure the valve opening. The TFT LCD layer is used to display the measurement and calibration results. The test results of this device indicate that this device has an accuracy level of more than 99%.