SPV System Design

In this paper, an optimum sizing and estimation of a hybrid solar photovoltaic plant is done in which battery storage is designed for four hours and rest requirement is fulfilled by AC mains. The system was designed for a University library in Uttar Pradesh, India to cover basic electricity needs when grid power is not available. Lighting and Fans were considered as basic electricity needs for each place. The photovoltaic array consists of 120 photovoltaic modules of 250 Wp each, for a combined 30kWp total installed power. In the University the overall requirement from 9:00am to 04:00pm is fulfilled by AC mains. At any instant when power from the grid is not available (up to 4 hrs.) the basic requirement such as fans and tube lights in the reading halls of the library are switched to SPV system either manually or automatically. Using this sizing and estimation study and then implementation of it, the requirement of overall basic load i.e. 30kWp is fulfilled. Also during the day, the basic load may be satisfied directly from the photovoltaic generator through a multilevel inverter (30kVA), while any energy surplus is directed to the battery storage. There is a battery bank design of 60 batteries of 240Ah. The batteries cover basic load peaks in absence of grid power. The paper presents sizing, estimation and payback for the complete system.

In this article, I outline a logic of design of a system as a specific kind of conceptual logic of the design of the model of a system, that is, the blueprint that provides information about the system to be created. In section two, I introduce the method of levels of abstraction as a modelling tool borrowed from computer science. In section three, I use this method to clarify two main conceptual logics of information (i.e., modelling systems) inherited from modernity: Kant's transcen-dental logic of conditions of possibility of a system, and Hegel's dialectical logic of conditions of in/stability of a system. Both conceptual logics of information analyse structural properties of given systems. Strictly speaking, neither is a conceptual logic of information about (or modelling) the conditions of feasibility of a system, that is, neither is a logic of information as a logic of design. So, in section four, I outline this third conceptual logic of information and then interpret the conceptual logic of design as a logic of requirements, by introducing the relation of " suffici-entisation ". In the conclusion, I argue that the logic of requirements is exactly what we need in order to make sense of, and buttress, a constructionist (poietic) approach to knowledge.

Der Designbegriff ist heute entgrenzt und widersprüchlich. Seine Inflation symbolisiert einen Werteverfall mit schädlichen Folgen: Obwohl die Designbranche wächst, verkümmert ihr Kernbegriff und beeinträchtigt den Wert kreativer Arbeit. Die Vortragsreihe unternimmt den Versuch, eine Problem-, Ideen- und Begriffsgeschichte zwischen Praxis und Theorie in die bisherigen Debatten einzubringen, um das Sprechen über Design neu zu justieren. Dabei sollen festgefahrene Designmythen hinterfragt, begriffliche Missverständnisse aufgedeckt und ein historisierender Blickwinkel eingenommen werden, der für die Gegenwart und Zukunft des Designs bisweilen vernachlässigt wird. Darüber hinaus werden aktuelle Entwicklungen in Praxis, Theorie und Rechtsprechung beleuchtet, die für das Designverständnis neue Akzente setzen.