Rural Settlement Patterns
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Recent papers in Rural Settlement Patterns
Aydın Türk, Y., & Çifci, A. (2017). The Effects of Landscape Characters on Rural Settlement Patterns. In I. Koleva, Ü. Duman Yüksel, & L. Benaabidate (Eds.), Ecology, Planning and Design (pp.349-359). Sofia: St. Kliment Ohridski... more
Aydın Türk, Y., & Çifci, A. (2017). The Effects of Landscape Characters on Rural Settlement Patterns. In I. Koleva, Ü. Duman Yüksel, & L. Benaabidate (Eds.), Ecology, Planning and Design (pp.349-359). Sofia: St. Kliment Ohridski University.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION:
The most important factor in the settlement patterns of villages are transportation. Except for one village, the “transportation factor” comes to the forefront in the land choice for buildings and in the formation of the settlement patterns in all villages. Within this context, it is an absolute necessity to take into consideration the fact that transportation is an important component in the planning works for the rural areas.The second most important factor in the settlement patterns of villages is ownership. In general, settlements patterns overlap with ownership patterns. Ownership in villages has a multipartite structure and the sizes of the lots are too small. The ownership pattern that was created by complex and small lots in different shapes resulted in the formation of mixed and scattered settlement patterns. The results of the analyses that were made according to the predetermined criteria of the study, it was found that the elevation factor, especially with the effects of location and agricultural production, has important eff ects on the rural settlement patterns. In villages where the main means of living are hazelnut and tea production, the settlements are usually below the maximum elevation at which these products can grow. Again, according to the findings regarding the dispersion of settlements in terms of elevation levels, it was found that 7 of the 10 village settlements (Aksu, Başar, Kestanelik, Karaağaçlı, Mataracı, Şahinkaya ve Yeşilköy) are concentrated on the mid or higher parts of the slopes.Because in the rural settlements in Trabzon, the buildings are ususally concentrated on the mid or higher parts of the slopes, which are the suitable locations in the moderate-humid climate zones. Based on the predetermined criteria of the study, it was found that the slope factor has a moderate eff ect on the settlements. Due to the topographic structure of the city, the average slope angle is high. Therefore, the eff ect of slope on rural settlement patterns is moderate or low. The reason why the eff ect level of the slope factor is not high may be that the topography of the city is quite sloping. The study has found that the aspect factor has the least eff ect on village settlement patterns. The city has a mountainous structure starting from the coast extending to the inner parts through valleys in the east-west aspect. For this reason, the aspect factor mostly have a low eff ect on land choice and settlement pattern. Because the slopes of some villages generally face north or west, there is no chance of selecting a suitable aspect in these villages. In some villages, although there are areas that face south or east, the number of buildings in these areas is very few. Due to the view factor, the buildings in the villages in coastal areas face north and therefore the eff ect of aspect factor is low.According to the findings of the study in villages where tea and hazelnut productions are predominant, the settlement pattern is very scattered or scattered depending on the type of agricultural managements. On the other hand, in villages at high altitudes where there is no agricultural production but where stock farming is predominant, there are more compact settlement patterns. Depending on the eff ects of the aforementioned factors, it was found that the settlement patterns of the sample villages are mostly scattered or linear. Due to the highly sloping topography of the sample villages, the amount of lands that are suitable for settlement and agriculture is very limited. In this case, the landowners build their houses anywhere in their lands regardless of the land structure and ground quality. Due to the fact that each landowner built his own house in his own land and the ownership patterns stemming from inheritance created ownership patterns that are complex and that contain small parcels of land and this led to the creation of scattered settlement patterns. It is important fi rst and foremost to identify in the planning works for the rural settlements the factors that shape the rural settlements. Before any planning works regarding the rural areas, ownership patterns in the rural settlements must be reorganized and the land parcels in the villages must be redesigned according to the requirements of agricultural production. Within this context, creating a ‘land arrangement model’ for the rural settlements in Trabzon is of top priority for the reorganization of the ownership patterns. The findings of the study have shown that the elevation factor, especially with the effects of agricultural production, have important eff ects on the rural settlement patterns. Consequently, in the works of land arrangement and settlements planning for the rural settlements, the lands to be allotted to settlement and agriculture can be planned according to the elevations of lands depending on the growth conditions of such products as tea and hazelnut.In addition to all these, it is also important that in the planning works, thelandscape characters that aff ect the rural settlement patterns be evaluated for the protection of the original characteristics of the rural areas. The relationships between the landscape charactersand the way of living in the rural areas, architectural characteristics, rural landscape characteristics, use of suitable materials, and natural texture of the area are important. For physical characteristics, natural characteristics, and socio-cultural characteristics are the basic values that set the character of rural areas, and all these characteristics and relationships must be defined and handled as a whole in the planning and design works.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION:
The most important factor in the settlement patterns of villages are transportation. Except for one village, the “transportation factor” comes to the forefront in the land choice for buildings and in the formation of the settlement patterns in all villages. Within this context, it is an absolute necessity to take into consideration the fact that transportation is an important component in the planning works for the rural areas.The second most important factor in the settlement patterns of villages is ownership. In general, settlements patterns overlap with ownership patterns. Ownership in villages has a multipartite structure and the sizes of the lots are too small. The ownership pattern that was created by complex and small lots in different shapes resulted in the formation of mixed and scattered settlement patterns. The results of the analyses that were made according to the predetermined criteria of the study, it was found that the elevation factor, especially with the effects of location and agricultural production, has important eff ects on the rural settlement patterns. In villages where the main means of living are hazelnut and tea production, the settlements are usually below the maximum elevation at which these products can grow. Again, according to the findings regarding the dispersion of settlements in terms of elevation levels, it was found that 7 of the 10 village settlements (Aksu, Başar, Kestanelik, Karaağaçlı, Mataracı, Şahinkaya ve Yeşilköy) are concentrated on the mid or higher parts of the slopes.Because in the rural settlements in Trabzon, the buildings are ususally concentrated on the mid or higher parts of the slopes, which are the suitable locations in the moderate-humid climate zones. Based on the predetermined criteria of the study, it was found that the slope factor has a moderate eff ect on the settlements. Due to the topographic structure of the city, the average slope angle is high. Therefore, the eff ect of slope on rural settlement patterns is moderate or low. The reason why the eff ect level of the slope factor is not high may be that the topography of the city is quite sloping. The study has found that the aspect factor has the least eff ect on village settlement patterns. The city has a mountainous structure starting from the coast extending to the inner parts through valleys in the east-west aspect. For this reason, the aspect factor mostly have a low eff ect on land choice and settlement pattern. Because the slopes of some villages generally face north or west, there is no chance of selecting a suitable aspect in these villages. In some villages, although there are areas that face south or east, the number of buildings in these areas is very few. Due to the view factor, the buildings in the villages in coastal areas face north and therefore the eff ect of aspect factor is low.According to the findings of the study in villages where tea and hazelnut productions are predominant, the settlement pattern is very scattered or scattered depending on the type of agricultural managements. On the other hand, in villages at high altitudes where there is no agricultural production but where stock farming is predominant, there are more compact settlement patterns. Depending on the eff ects of the aforementioned factors, it was found that the settlement patterns of the sample villages are mostly scattered or linear. Due to the highly sloping topography of the sample villages, the amount of lands that are suitable for settlement and agriculture is very limited. In this case, the landowners build their houses anywhere in their lands regardless of the land structure and ground quality. Due to the fact that each landowner built his own house in his own land and the ownership patterns stemming from inheritance created ownership patterns that are complex and that contain small parcels of land and this led to the creation of scattered settlement patterns. It is important fi rst and foremost to identify in the planning works for the rural settlements the factors that shape the rural settlements. Before any planning works regarding the rural areas, ownership patterns in the rural settlements must be reorganized and the land parcels in the villages must be redesigned according to the requirements of agricultural production. Within this context, creating a ‘land arrangement model’ for the rural settlements in Trabzon is of top priority for the reorganization of the ownership patterns. The findings of the study have shown that the elevation factor, especially with the effects of agricultural production, have important eff ects on the rural settlement patterns. Consequently, in the works of land arrangement and settlements planning for the rural settlements, the lands to be allotted to settlement and agriculture can be planned according to the elevations of lands depending on the growth conditions of such products as tea and hazelnut.In addition to all these, it is also important that in the planning works, thelandscape characters that aff ect the rural settlement patterns be evaluated for the protection of the original characteristics of the rural areas. The relationships between the landscape charactersand the way of living in the rural areas, architectural characteristics, rural landscape characteristics, use of suitable materials, and natural texture of the area are important. For physical characteristics, natural characteristics, and socio-cultural characteristics are the basic values that set the character of rural areas, and all these characteristics and relationships must be defined and handled as a whole in the planning and design works.
Özet: Toplumların devamlılığı için asıl olan dinamiklerin başında gelen üretim kavramı doğası gereği her daim kırsal alanlar ile doğrudan ya da dolaylı ilişkiler içerisinde olmuştur. Kırsal yerleşimler, kent planlama disiplinin başından... more
Özet: Toplumların devamlılığı için asıl olan dinamiklerin başında gelen üretim kavramı doğası gereği her daim kırsal alanlar ile doğrudan ya da dolaylı ilişkiler içerisinde olmuştur. Kırsal yerleşimler, kent planlama disiplinin başından itibaren en önemli konu başlıklarından birisi olmuştur. Türkiye'de planlama sisteminin sahip olduğu tümden gelim anlayışı nedeniyle kırsal yerleşimler; mevcut plan hiyerarşisinde kendine, sahip olduğu potansiyeli ortaya çıkaracak şekilde yer bulamamaktadır. 1980'li yıllarda irdelenen kırsal doku, Sharp'ın "Bir Köyün Anatomisi" kitabından sonra bir tanımlama olarak ortaya çıkmış, doku tipolojileri ikili veya üçlü olarak ele alınmış ve sadece tanım olarak kalmıştır. Genel bir kabul olarak ortaya konan ve genel kabullerle yerleşimlerin özellikleri ile tariflenen kırsal morfoloji sınıflandırmalarının kırsal alan planlamasında yetersiz kalması, kırsal alanların artan bir ivmeyle değişime uğraması nedeniyle, bu çalışma kırsal morfolojiyi baz alarak geçmişte yapılan tanımlamalara halen uyumlu olup olmadıkları ve sadece toplu ve dağınık köyler olarak sınıflanan köylere bu genelleme üzerinden planlama yapılıp yapılamayacağını test etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaçla çalışmada, ilk olarak Türkiye'nin kırsal yerleşmeler morfolojik yapılarına bağlı olarak topografya, nüfus, kente uzaklık, sosyal donatılar, ekonomik yapıları ve karşılaştıkları sorunlar açısından irdelenerek, doku tipolojileri açısından temel benzerlikler ve farklılıklar ortaya konmaktadır. Çalışmada, yerel net üzerinden oluşturulan ve 10.000 üzerinde köyü kapsayan bir veritabanı esas alınarak, 9 il 1337 kırsal yerleşim için diskriminant analizi uygulanarak morfolojik karakteristikleri üzerinden benzerlikler ve farklılıklar ortaya konmuştur. Sonuçlar, kırsal morfolojik yapının, yerleşim türleri arasındaki farklılaşmada en önemli etkenin onaylı yerleşim planı olup olmaması olduğunu, bunu idari yapı ve iklim yapısı/coğrafi bölgelerin de belirlediğini göstermektedir. Sonuçlar ön bulgular olup, daha detaylı irdelemeler devam etmektedir. Bu nedenle sonuçların genellenmemesi gerekmektedir.