Rhodamine B

Yeast cells immobilized by entrapment in an insolubilized gelatin gel have been investigated with regard to their pattern of growth and respiratory activity. Mass-transfer resistance offered by the matrix and growth of the entrapped cells determine a gradient of nutrients throughout the gel which is responsible for both a lower specific growth rate of immobilized cells with respect to that of free ones, and a heterogeneous biomass distribution, with progressively increased cellular density from the inside to the outside of the matrix. The spatial organization of the growing cells leads to the formation of a biofilm perfectly adherent to the surface of the matrix. Measurements of the oxygen-uptake rate of the immobilized cells, after having been released from the matrix by trypsin digestion, and confocal microscopy of cells stained with Rhodamine 123 demonstrate the occurrence of a gradient of respiratory activity throughout the immobilized culture.

D-alpha-tocopheryl poly(ethylene glycol) 1000 succinate (TPGS 1000) is a widely used form of vitamin E. TPGS 1000 is comprised of a hydrophilic polar (water-soluble) head and a lipophilic (water-insoluble) alkyl tail. TPGS 1000 has been used as a solubilizer, an emulsifier and as a vehicle for lipid-based drug delivery formulations. Most recently, TPGS 1000 has been recognized as an effective oral absorption enhancer. An enhancing effect is consistent with a surfactant-induced inhibition of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), and perhaps other drug transporter proteins; however, the exact inhibition mechanism(s) remain unclear. Therefore, in an attempt to generate additional knowledge, we have synthesized and tested various TPGS analogs containing different PEG chain length (TPGS 200/238/400/600/1000/2000/3400/3500/4000/6000). These results demonstrate a relationship between TPGS PEG chain length and influence on rhodamine 123 (RHO) transport in Caco-2 monolayers, a relationship which may be illustrated using a Weibull distribution.

In this paper, an experimental investigation, an analytical analysis and a numerical model of a typical four-point bending test on a honeycomb sandwich panel are proposed. The honeycomb core is modelled as a single solid layer of equivalent material properties. Analytical and numerical (finite element) homogenization approaches are used to compute the effective properties of the honeycomb core. A general kinematic model (unified formulation) has been adopted and used for the modelling of honeycomb sandwich panel submitted to the bending test. A comparative study of major classes of representative theories has been considered. Qualitative and quantitative assessments of displacement, stress have been presented and discussed.

In this work, we focused on the study of the degradation of the Rhodamine B (Rh.B) dye type used in industry by applying homogeneous catalysis purification processes such as Fenton and photo fenton based on the reaction of radical groups such as (OH*, O2*). The experimental approach was carried out to study the influence of some operating parameters like the initial concentration of the pollutant, the concentration of hydrogen peroxide, the concentration of iron as well the pH of the reaction medium and the temperature on the efficiency of the catalytic activity, and to determine the optimal conditions for total mineralization.
Finally, our work may provide a new insight for the development of an effective and useful approach to the treatment of wastewater loaded with new emerging pollutants such as dye.

Key words: Rhodamine B, Degradation, Photo-Fenton, Mineralization, Emerging pollutants.

makanan yang kita konsumsi sehari-hari tak ubahnya pasti mengandung zat tambahan makanan. zat tersebut dapat berupa pewarna, pengawet, perisa dan zat lainnya. tujuan dari penambahan tersebut adalah untuk mempertahankan kualitas dari produk yang dihasilkan. namun, apa yang akan terjadi bila makanan yang kita konsmsi tersebut mengandung pewarna yang seharusnya diguanakan untuk pewarna pakaian. Rhodamin B salah satunya, senyawa ini biasa digunakan dalam industri tekstil untuk mewarnai pakaian yang duhasilkan oleh industri tersebut. bila Rhodamain B ini masuk kedalam tubuh dalam jumlah yang melewati ambang batas tubuh, maka kanker siap menyerang kita. karena sifat dasar dari rhodamin B ini karsiogenik.

The effluent water of many industries, such as textiles, leather, paper, printing, cosmetics, etc., contains large amount of hazardous dyes. There is huge number of treatment processes as well as adsorbent which are available for the processing of this effluent water-containing dye content. The applicability of naturally available low cast and eco-friendly adsorbents, for the removal of hazardous dyes from aqueous waste by adsorption treatment, has been reviewed. In this review paper, we have provided a compiled list of low-cost, easily available, safe to handle, and easy-to-dispose-off adsorbents. These adsorbents have been classified into five different categories on the basis of their state of availability: (1) waste materials from agriculture and industry, (2) fruit waste, (3) plant waste, (4) natural inorganic materials, and (5) bioadsorbents. Some of the treated adsorbents have shown good adsorption capacities for methylene blue, congo red, crystal violet, rhodamine B, basic red, etc., but this adsorption process is highly pH dependent, and the pH of the medium plays an important role in the treatment process. Thus, in this review paper, we have made some efforts to discuss the role of pH in the treatment of wastewater.

The synthesis of a novel rhodamine B derivative carrying an alkoxysilane moiety (RBS) is described. Rhodamine B (RB) was attached to the Si atom by an amide linkage to provide the functionalized silane via the condensation of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) with RB by azeotropic distillation in water. The physical properties and structure of RBS were characterized using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HH COSY, FTIR, UV–vis measurements spectra and Kofler's apparatus. The absorbance of RBS was 1.6 times higher than that of RB. The equilibrium conformation of the RBS molecule was determined by means of a molecular simulation study; spectral properties are discussed based on the obtained computational results.

The kinetics and isotherm modeling of adsorption of Rhodamine B (RhB) Dye onto
chitosan supported zerovalent iron nanocomposite (C-nZVI) was successfully studied
in a batch technique. The quantity adsorbed increased with increase in initial
concentration from 49.33 mg – 242.37 mg for 200 ppm to 1000 ppm and high
percentage removal efficiency (%RE) of 99.72% attained at 90 minutes contact time.
Equilibrium data were analyzed by six isotherm models: Langmuir, Freundlich,
Temkin, Dubinin-Kaganer-Raduskevich (DKR), Redlich-peterson and Halsey isotherm
model. Equilibrium data best fitted to Freundlich isotherm supported by Halsey
isotherm model. Langmuir monolayer adsorption capacity (256.41 mg/g) of C-nZVI
obtained greater than most adsorbent reported for adsorption of RhB. The meanadsorption free energy, E per molecule evaluated from DKR model was less than 8
KJmol-1 indicating a physisorption mechanism. The kinetic data best fitted to pseudo
second-order kinetic model as validated by sum of square error (SSE) statistical
model and the mechanism controlled by pore diffusion. The study revealed the great
potential of C-nZVI for effective removal of RhB dye. C-nZVI is therefore
recommended for civic and industrial effluents treatment.

A method is proposed for the extraction, separation, identification and quantitative measurement of rhodamine B in cosmetics samples The colour is extracted with a solution of orthophosphoric acid in either water or DMF (depending on the type of cosmetic) adsorbed on a polyamide column, and then eluted with water and methanol. Further clean-up of the extract is performed by means

A magnetically separable Fe 3 O 4 /porous Titanosilicate/g-C 3 N 4 hybrid nanocomposite (FTSCN) has been synthesized by a facile in-situ method. The synthesized nanocomposites are characterized by PXRD, FE-SEM, TEM, BET-Surface area, FT-IR, UV-vis., photoluminescence, magnetic susceptibility and photocatalytic activity. XRD, FE-SEM, TEM, FT-IR, results of FTSCN show that the formation of finely distributed Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles in the titanosilicate matrix and g-C 3 N 4. BET-surface area shows that the enhancement of surface area on heterojunc-tion. The bandwidth is calculated from diffuse reflectance ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The enhancement of electron-hole pair formation is observed fluorescence spectroscopy. The magnetic behaviour is also observed by magnetic susceptibility test of the nanocomposite. FTSCN nanocomposite exhibit improved photodegradation of Rhodamine B sunlight light irradiation. The ideal photocatalytic activity of FTSCN3.5 in presence of sunlight is nearly 4 to 5-fold greater than pure Fe 3 O 4 (FO), pure titanosilicate (TS) and g-C 3 N 4 respectively. We confirmed that the prepared FTSCN3.5 hybrid photocatalyst is very stable even after five consecutive trial runs are observed by XRD spectral data. The enhanced photocatalytic behaviour of the FTSCN3.5 hybrid nanocomposite in the presence of sunlight is because of the synergistic effect of the Fe 3 O 4 , pure titanosilicate and g-C 3 N 4. A plausible, structure of heterojunction, physical and chemical catalytic mechanisms are also proposed.

Pada saat ini, Indonesia menghadapi masalah gizi ganda, yaitu masalah gizi kurang dan masalah gizi lebih. Masalah gizi kurang pada umumnya disebabkan oleh kemiskinan; kurangnya persediaan pangan; kurang baiknya kualitas lingkungan (sanitasi); kurangnya pengetahuan masyarakat tentang gizi, menu seimbang dan kesehatan; dan adanya daerah miskin gizi (iodium). Sebaliknya masalah gizi lebih disebabkan oleh kemajuan ekonomi pada lapisan masyarakat tertentu disertai dengan kurangnya pengetahuan tentang gizi, menu seimbang, dan kesehatan (Almatsier, 2013). Menurut Sutini, dkk (2013) bahwa kesehatan dan gizi merupakan faktor yang sangat penting untuk menjaga kualitas hidup yang optimal. Kondisi status gizi yang baik dapat dicapai bila tubuh memperoleh cukup zat-zat gizi yang akan digunakan secara efisien, sehingga memungkinkan terjadinya pertumbuhan fisik, perkembangan otak, serta mencapai tingkat kesehatan yang optimal. Pada umumnya masalah gizi disebabkan oleh faktor primer dan atau faktor sekunder. Faktor primer antara lain karena asupan makanan seseorang yang kurang baik pada kuantitas maupun kualitas yang disebabkan oleh karena kemiskinan, ketidaktahuan tentang gizi, dan kebiasaan makan yang salah. Faktor sekunder meliputi semua faktor yang mempengaruhi asupan makanan, pencernaan, penyerapan, dan metabolisme gizi. Masa bayi dan balita merupakan periode emas dalam kehidupan sehingga menjadi masa yang sangat penting dan perlu perhatian serius, karena pada masa ini berlangsung proses

The highly active photocatalyst of Ag3PO4 could be synthesized under ammonia solution using the facile co-precipitation method with the starting material of AgNO3 and Na2HPO4.12H2O.  The variation of ammonia concentration was designed at 0.00, 0.05, 0.15, and 0.30 M. The products were characterized using X-ray diffraction, UV-diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The photocatalytic activities were evaluated using the Rhodamine B degradation under blue light irradiation.  The effect of calcination, pH condition, and visible light source irradiation was carried out in the experiment. The highest photocatalytic activity was found in the sample prepared using the addition of ammonia solution at the concentration of 0.05 M. This photocatalytic activity was 4.13 times higher compared to the Ag3PO4 prepared without the ammonia. The effective condition of photocatalytic activity was achieved at the sample prepared without calcination, degradation at pH of 7 and under blue light irradiation.

The effluent water of many industries, such as textiles, leather, paper, printing, cosmetics, etc., contains large amount of hazardous dyes. There is huge number of treatment processes as well as adsorbent which are available for the processing of this effluent water-containing dye content. The applicability of naturally available low cast and eco-friendly adsorbents, for the removal of hazardous dyes from aqueous waste by adsorption treatment, has been reviewed. In this review paper, we have provided a compiled list of low-cost, easily available, safe to handle, and easy-to-dispose-off adsorbents. These adsorbents have been classified into five different categories on the basis of their state of availability: (1) waste materials from agriculture and industry, (2) fruit waste, (3) plant waste, (4) natural inorganic materials, and (5) bioadsorbents. Some of the treated adsorbents have shown good adsorption capacities for methylene blue, congo red, crystal violet, rhodamine B, basic red, etc., but this adsorption process is highly pH dependent, and the pH of the medium plays an important role in the treatment process. Thus, in this review paper, we have made some efforts to discuss the role of pH in the treatment of wastewater.