Research productivity

This article focuses on the impact of international research collaboration on individual research productivity in 11 European countries. Research productivity and international publication co-authorship of “internationalists” and “locals” (or academics collaborating and not collaborating internationally) are compared. The article uses a micro-level (individual) approach and relies on the primary data collected in a comparable format through a survey from 17,211 European academics. In all countries and all clusters of academic fields studied, international collaboration in research is strongly correlated with substantially higher research productions. Internationalization increasingly plays a stratifying role, though: More international collaboration tends to mean higher publishing rates and those who do not collaborate internationally may be losing more than ever before in terms of resources and prestige in the process of “accumulative disadvantage.” The competition is becoming a pe...

The biological literature databases continue to grow rapidly with vital information that is important for conducting sound biomedical research and development. The current practices of manually searching for information and extracting pertinent knowledge are tedious, time-consuming tasks even for motivated biological researchers. Accurate and computationally efficient approaches in discovering relationships between biological objects from text documents are important for biologists to develop biological models. The term "object" refers to any biological entity such as a protein, gene, cell cycle, etc. and relationship refers to any dynamic action one object has on another, e.g. protein inhibiting another protein or one object belonging to another object such as, the cells composing an organ. This paper presents a novel approach to extract relationships between multiple biological objects that are present in a text document. The approach involves object identification, reference resolution, ontology and synonym discovery, and extracting object-object relationships. Hidden Markov Models (HMMs), dictionaries, and N-Gram models are used to set the framework to tackle the complex task of extracting object-object relationships. Experiments were carried out using a corpus of one thousand Medline abstracts. Intermediate results were obtained for the object identification process, synonym discovery, and finally the relationship extraction. For the thousand abstracts, 53 relationships were extracted of which 43 were correct, giving a specificity of 81 percent. These results are promising for multi-object identification and relationship finding from biological documents.

Graduate researchers are an essential part of higher education (HE) in terms of its contribution to knowledge and the wider economy, but how the work environment influences behaviour and productivity in this work domain is poorly understood. Nevertheless, building programmes continue with a detectable trend towards more open office designs. Beyond issues of cost-efficiency, this reflects a popular belief in the significance of face-to-face interaction to research productivity. Using a combination of subjective and quantitative ...

The study showcases the development of the R&D Unit of Marinduque State College (MSC) which started from almost zero budget into a thriving research institution to produce research outputs that were accepted and presented here and abroad. Documentary analysis was the methodology employed by the researcher reinforced by interview for supplemental data. The paper appraises the last 17 years performance of the College with regard to the number of research outputs made and presented in the local, regional/national and international conferences, the number of faculty members actively engaged in research, the number of published and reviewed papers and funded R&D proposals. Further, the extension activities to different communities in the province are also included in the study as well as the training services conducted by the College. Findings revealed that through the years, the RDE productivity of the College increased in terms of research outputs highlighting the attendance to various conferences, funded projects and published papers. In addition, extension activities and training development evidently contributed to the performance of the College with major increase also in numbers. Now that the College is aiming to become a university, wherein conducting different RDE activities is one factor that is being looked into to attain such goal, this paper is useful for this purpose.

In view of the paucity of research in Philippine higher education institutions (HEIs), the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) has provided policies and mandates that are largely geared towards the improvement of research productivity. The HEIs in the country have responded in varied ways to the call for a stronger research orientation among the universities. In this context, this paper

The research uses the bibliometric method and approach to investigate the literature written by researchers on the Rohingya crises. Rohingyas are a Muslim minority in Burma who have been subjected to persecution for a long time. The results of the study showed a clear lack of publications on Rohingya related problems. It also showed that the researchers are geographically confined to some locations and institutions. The research on Rohingya related issues is trivial compared to other related issues such as Syria. This research was both quantitative and qualitative in nature and the research concludes with indications of need for further qualitative study that may unearth much deeper reasons for this shortfall of literature on Rohingya related issues.

The academic profession is internally divided as never before. This cross-national comparative analysis of stratifica-tion in Higher Education is based on a sample of European academic scientists (N = 8,466) from universities in 11 countries. The analysis identifies three types of stratifica-tion: academic performance stratification, academic salary stratification, and international research stratification. This emergent stratification of the global scientific community is predominantly research-based, and internationalisation in research is at its centre; prestige-driven, internationally competitive, and central to academic recognition systems, research is the single most stratifying factor in Higher Education at the level of the individual scientist today. These stratification processes pull the various segments of the academic profession in different directions. The study analyses highly productive academics ('research top performers'), highly paid academics ('academic top earners'), and highly internationalised academics ('research internationalists') and explores the implications for individual scientists.

With recent advancements in DNA-chip technology, requisite software development and support and progress in related aspects of plant molecular biology, it is now possible to comprehensively analyze the expression of complete genomes. Global transcript profiling shows that in plants, salt-stress response involves simultaneous up and downregulation of a large number of genes. This analysis further suggests that apart from the transcripts that govern synthesis of osmolytes and ion transporters, two candidate systems that have attracted much of the attention thus far, transcripts encoding for proteins related to the regulation of transcriptional and translational machineries have a distinct role in salt-stress response. In particular, induction of transcripts of specific transcription factors, RNA-binding proteins, ribosomal genes, and translation initiation and elongation factors has recently been noted to be important during salt stress. There is an urgent need to examine cellular functionality of the above putative salt-tolerance-related genes emerging from the transcriptome analysis.

Besides teaching, research has become a core function of universities around the world. Yet, like in many African countries, Kenyan universities still lag behind in terms of research productivity, due to factors many researchers refer to as constraints. This study which was conducted in the University of Nairobi sought to analyze constraints that influence research productivity in the university. Specific constraints that the study sought to analyze their impacts on research productivity included; resource constraints, institutional constraints, cultural constraints and other concepts and issues that impact on research productivity in the University of Nairobi. The study also sought to understand the respondents' view on the overall status of research productivity in the University of Nairobi. Being the largest and the leading research university in the country, the researcher believed that the findings arising from the study of the University of Nairobi could appropriately be generalized to other universities in Kenya. The target populations of the study were the research personnel of the six colleges of the University of Nairobi. Data were collected by use of both open and closed ended questionnaires. The collected data were then analyzed and the findings presented by use of tables, graphs and charts. The study concluded that resource constraints, institutional constrains and cultural constraints have impact on the research productivity in the University of Nairobi. In the overall, the study established that research productivity in the University of Nairobi is at fair level. This view was overwhelmingly supported by the majority of respondents (62%). Other concepts and issues that were stated to have impact on research productivity included; lack of funds, poor management, lack of dissemination and implementation of research findings, inadequate materials and equipment, lack of incentives and rewards to researchers and sophisticated procurement procedures.

PurposeThis article aims to explore how self‐efficacy is related to academic research activities and how intra‐culturally relevant factors may play a role in self‐efficacy in the context of higher education in Beijing. In particular, relationships of self‐efficacy for research with research productivity and idiocentrism‐allocentrism are to be examined.Design/methodology/approachA survey was administered to academics in ten randomly selected universities in Beijing and generated 296 valid questionnaires. Data were analysed using factor analysis and multiple regression.FindingsGender and discipline are identified as predictors of self‐efficacy. Specifically, female academics reported lower levels of self‐efficacy for research than males. Academics in the social sciences reported lower levels of self‐efficacy for research than those in the natural sciences. Moreover, relationships are also found between self‐efficacy for research and idiocentrism‐allocentrism.Originality/valueThe study...

European academics have been at the centre of ongoing higher education reforms, as changes in university governance and funding have led to changes in academic work and life. Discussing the academic profession, and most importantly, its increasing stratification across Europe, Changing European Academics explores the drivers of these changes as well as their current and expected results. This comparative study of social stratification, work patterns and research productivity: * Examines eleven national, higher education systems across Europe (Austria, Finland, Germany, Ireland, Italy, The Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Switzerland and the United Kingdom) * Provides a panoramic view of the European academic profession * Confronts misconceptions of academic work and life with compelling results and detailed analyses * Discusses new dilemmas inherent to the changing social and economic environments of higher education A thoughtful and comprehensive study of the changing academic profession in Europe, this book will be of interest to higher education practitioners, managers and policy makers, both in Europe and globally. Changing European Academics will benefit anyone whose work relates to changing academic institutions and changing academic careers. ................................................................ https://www.routledge.com/Changing-European-Academics-A-Comparative-Study-of-Social-Stratification/Kwiek/p/book/9780815396482..................................................... Table of Contents Series Introduction; Introduction: Changing Career Structures, Award and Recognition Systems, and Work Patterns; Chapter 1. Academic Performance Stratification: Inequality in the Knowledge Production; Chapter 2. Academic Salary Stratification: Productivity and Income; Chapter 3. Academic Power Stratification: Collegiality and University Governance; Chapter 4. International Research Stratification: International Collaboration and Productivity; Chapter 5. Academic Role Stratification: Patterns in Teaching, Research and Productivity across Academic Generations; Chapter 6. Academic Age Stratification: Predictable Careers in Volatile Institutional Environments; Chapter 7. Conclusions and Policy Implications; Statistical Appendices; Bibliography Features Presents a comprehensive, cross-national picture of the changing academic profession in Europe and confronts academics across Europe. Academics from major European systems and beyond can view their own academic trajectories within the mirror of a larger, cross-national story. Discusses new dilemmas inherent to the changing social and economic environments of higher education. Will feed into a range of study programmes within the field of education policy and higher education policy. Relevant at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels and in both in Europe and beyond. Author is highly regarded research and is internationally recognised. Summary European academics have been at the centre of ongoing higher education reforms, as changes in university governance and funding have led to changes in academic work and life. Discussing the academic profession, and most importantly, its increasing stratification across Europe, Changing European Academics explores the drivers of these changes as well as their current and expected results. This comparative study of social stratification, work patterns and research productivity: Examines eleven national, higher education systems across Europe (Austria, Finland, Germany, Ireland, Italy, The Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Switzerland and the United Kingdom) Provides a panoramic view of the European academic profession Confronts misconceptions of academic work and life with compelling results and detailed analyses Discusses new dilemmas inherent to the changing social and economic environments of higher education A thoughtful and comprehensive study of the changing academic profession in Europe, this book will be of interest to higher education practitioners, managers and policy makers, both in Europe and globally. Changing European Academics will benefit anyone whose work relates to changing academic institutions and changing academic careers. From the author: The book is needed for several reasons. First, European academics have been at the very centre of ongoing higher education reforms in most European countries. Changes in university governance and funding have led to changes in academic work and life. Traditional theories of social stratification in science do not suffice to explain the directions of ongoing changes as viewed from a cross-European empirical perspective. Academics are in the eye of the storm, and this book shows selected dimensions of the drivers of change and their current and expected results. Second, only in the last decade did it become possible to study the academic profession – their academic attitudes, behaviours and perceptions – from a comparative European perspective. Until recently, it was difficult, if not impossible, to present a comprehensive cross-national picture of the changing academic profession in Europe. Most studies were single-nation, and most published research on the academic profession was country-specific, with chapters being devoted to academics in the context of various aspects of changing university governance and funding. Third, this book is needed because it provides a panoramic view of the European academic profession, specifically the university sector, in eleven national systems (Austria, Finland, Germany, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Switzerland and the United Kingdom). Until recently, gaining such a perspective was possible only at a very general level. The quantitative background is 17,211 questionnaires returned across Europe, and the qualitative background is 400 semi-structured in-depth interviews conducted across Europe as part of the global CAP and European EUROAC projects on the academic profession (“Changing Academic Profession” and “Academic Profession in Europe: Responses to Societal Challenges”, respectively). Third, this book is needed because it confronts misconceptions of academic work and life with compelling results and detailed analyses performed on large-scale primary empirical material collected across Europe. It asks traditional research questions in new empirical contexts, and it also asks entirely new questions that are pertinent to the changing conditions of academic work. Finally, this book is needed because it confronts academics across Europe with new dilemmas inherent to the changing social and economic environments of higher education, as seen in extensive empirical material. Academics from major European systems and beyond can view their own academic trajectories within the mirror of a larger, cross-national story.

Research productivity is a vital element in enhancing the university ranking and, it is an important metric to measure the performance of academic staff. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors impacting research productivity of academic staff at Cihan University Erbil, Iraq. A survey was carried out among 87 academic staff randomly selected at the university to determine the impact of Fund, Collaboration, Information and Communication Technology (ICT), and Job Satisfaction on Research Productivity. The data was analyzed by using Smart PLS 3.2.9. The results indicated that Fund, Collaboration, ICT and Job Satisfaction had positive and significant impact on Research Productivity, although Fund has the highest impact on Research Productivity. The implication of this study is the management of universities should pay greater attention on research funding opportunities, rewarding collaboration among researchers, enabling ICT and improving job satisfaction to boost research productivity of the academic staff. For future research, it is recommended to measure the mediating roles of the variables and consider sampling academic staff from other universities to increase generalizability.

In this research, production of probiotic pomegranate juice through its fermentation by four strains of lactic acid bacteria: Lactobacillus plantarum, L. delbruekii, L. paracasei, L. acidophilus was examined. Fermentation was carried out at 30°C for 72 h under microaerophilic conditions. Microbial population, pH, titrable acidity, sugar and organic acid metabolism were measured during the fermentation period and the viability of all strains was also determined during the storage time at 4°C within 4 weeks. The results indicated that L. plantarum and L. delbruekii increased the pH sharply at the initial stages of fermentation and the sugar consumption was also higher in comparison with other strains, better microbial growth was also observed for these two strains during fermentation. Citric acid, as a major organic acid in pomegranate juice was significantly consumed by all probiotic lactic acid bacteria. L. plantarum and L. delbruekii showed higher viability during the storage time. Viable cells remained at their maximum level within 2 weeks but decreased dramatically after 4 weeks. Pomegranate juice was proved to be a suitable media for production of a fermented probiotic drink.

Resumen:
Introducción. Se monitorea la visibilidad de la investigación en Comunicación a través de la búsqueda en Google Scholar Metrics (GSM) de los perfiles de los 683 miembros de la mayor agrupación de investigadores de España, la Asociación Española de Investigación en Comunicación (AE-IC), para identificar niveles de producción, indicadores de impacto h y h5 colectivos del área e individuales, y la evolución del uso de soportes de difusión, principalmente libros y revistas, en casi cuatro décadas. Metodología. Se rastrea en GSM la actividad de 683 investigadores, se registra la información derivada de los 142 perfiles abiertos encontrados, se crea una base de datos con las más de 7.000 publicaciones incorporadas en esos perfiles y se recogen datos de soporte, año de publicación, número de citas y título de las casi 2.300 que han conseguido citas. Resultados y conclusiones. Escasa visibilidad del área. El h medio es 4, el h de la globalidad de la difusión de investigadores de Comunicación es 56, con h5=34. Para artículos, h=44 y h5=34; para libros, h=34 y h5= 13. Cuatro de cada diez investigadores tiene ih=0 y dos de cada tres trabajos difundidos no consiguen ninguna cita. Individualmente, el h máximo es 26 y el h5 más alto es 18. En el tiempo, libros y revistas han invertido su peso como soportes de difusión con impacto. Antes de 1980, de cada diez citas seis eran a un libro y tres a un artículo; a partir de 2010, tres son a libros y siete a artículos. Por género, los índices de impacto de mujeres son más bajos.

Abstract:
Introduction. This article examines the productivity, collective and individual h and h5 indexes, dissemination platforms (mainly books and journals), and visibility of the communication research carried out by Spanish scholars in the last four decades, based on the information shared by the 683 members of Spain’s largest communication research association (AE-IC) in Google Scholar Metrics (GSM). Method. The study is based on the analysis of the information shared in GSM by 683 researchers, of which 142 have a public profiles and together have more than 7,000 publications. We analysed the dissemination platform, year of publication, number of citations, and title of the nearly 2,300 works that had received at least one citation. Results. The visibility of the area of communication is low. The average h-index is 4, while the global h-index for the community of communication researchers is 56, with an h5-index of 34: h-index of 44 and h5-index of 34 for articles, and h-index of 34 and h5-index of 13 for books. Four of every ten researchers had h-index of 0 while two of every three published works did not manage to receive a single citation. Individually, the highest h-index is 26 and the highest h5-index is 18. Meanwhile, the importance and impact of books and journals as dissemination platforms has been inverted. Before 1980, of each ten citations six were given to books and three to articles, but after 2010, of each ten citations three are given to books and seven to articles. In terms of differences across gender, female researchers have lower impact values than their male counterparts.

Traditional knowledge (TK) is knowledge, know-how, abilities, and practices produced, maintained, and transmitted within a culture from generation to generation, often forming part of its cultural or spiritual identity. Objectives: The present study's goals are to analyze global research productivity in traditional knowledge from 2013-2017. Methodology: Research data have been retrieved from the Scopus database during 2013-2017. A total of 722 research papers have been downloaded to identify studies that investigated traditional knowledge. Bibliometrix 3.0 and VOS viewer, and Microsoft Excel were used to analyze information from the retrieved studies. Scientometrics methods have been considered to analyze the data, namely annual research growth, relative growth rate, patten of authorship, prolific author, productive country and institutions, and most cited countries and documents. Results and conclusion: The results show that the most prolific author in the field of traditional knowledge was 'Reyes-Garca V', 'Traditional knowledge' was the most used authors keyword. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge was the most preferred journal, 'Universitat Autonoma De Barcelona' was the leading affiliations. The USA was the largest contributor and the highest receiver of total Citation.

Indian higher education system is rapidly evolving, and the number of higher education institutions has increased rapidly since the 1990s. However, very few studies have been carried out so far to investigate academics’ Research Productivity, especially the academics in the new-born engineering institutions of South India, and no studies were found that focus specifically on female academics’ Research Productivity in this part of the country. Thus, this research seeks to bridge this gap by studying the Research Productivity of female academics in South Indian engineering higher education institutions. The methodology chosen is qualitative in nature and uses data collected from 20 in-depth interviews conducted with both male and female new and experienced academics from engineering institutions in Coimbatore, South India. The study explores the respondents’ perceptions of the hurdles that female academics face, as well as the resilience mechanisms they make use of to be research productive. The results show that South Indian female academics have to struggle with a plethora of obstacles in their career, that mainly stem from socio-cultural, family and institutional factors. Furthermore, it puts forth the mechanisms, using the respondents’ perceptions, used by female academics to overcome these disadvantages and, remarkably, to have the same Research Productivity as their male peers. The paper concludes by providing some insights on the need to implement policies and practices, at the national and also at the institutional level, to improve female academics’ conditions, so that they may conduct research in a fairer, friendlier, and gender-balanced environment.

Private Universities in Latin America discusses how private universities have become and can be more proactive in supporting research, and the implications of this for future institutional and national development. After providing a historical overview of how Latin American private universities have evolved to become successful research producers, Gregorutti and Delgado analyze specific institutional reforms carried out to overcome cultural resistance to change and implementation of policies related to teaching load, productivity requirements, patent generation, technology transfer, and funding mechanisms that support and stimulate faculty research activities.

The implementation of Outcomes-based Education (OBE) is a systematic approach to strengthen the processes and capability of Higher Education Institutions to meet the standards of ASEAN Integration and its objectives also reflect to the performance of the faculty members through measuring objectively their research outputs. Regularity of performance in terms of production, presentation, publication, membership to local, national and international research organizations and editorial board of peer-reviewed journals will be considered in the revised appraisal instrument through assigning weights to the level of achievement and computing the cumulative points from each category to reach the highest evaluation score. All points are cumulative. Faculty members may only require to reach the maximum of 5 points for the faculty performance evaluation in research as perfect score. But scores that may exceed 10 points (for Faculty – 2 semesters) and 7.5 points (for Admin-1 year) will qualify as candidate for the Award of Recognition for faculty Member/ Admin Personnel with the Most Active Research Involvement.

Resumen
La visibilización de las revistas colombianas en psicología ha alcanzado en el escenario ibero-latinoamericano importantes logros. Para ello han afrontado retos en la calidad editorial y científica, se han insertado en eventos académicos de mayor alcance geográfico y temático; igualmente han asumido los principios del acceso abierto, y han aprendido de la instrumentación para participar en sistemas internacionales de indexación. En medio de estos avances y logros alcanzados, en el artículo se pretende explicitar las rutas de la trayectoria de la productividad y visibilidad de conocimiento que se han recorrido. Asimismo, se señala la importancia de estrategias integradoras para fortalecer una comunidad académicoinvestigativa significativa y potente, que oriente las tareas de visibilidad en todos los niveles y de autoconocimiento de sus verdaderas capacidades productivas.

Abstract
Colombian psychology journals have made great efforts in order to gain visibility in Latin America. They have improved editorial and scientific quality and participated in academic events with a broader geographic and thematic scope. Additionally, they have adopted the principles of open access and learned how to participate in international indexation systems. This article intends to make explicit the routes and trajectories of these changes in productivity and visibility. In a similar fashion, the article points out the importance of integrative strategies in the process of strengthening an academic and research community, able to organize the visibility strategies at all levels, and knowledgeable of its own productive capacity.

Resumo
A visibilidade das revistas colombianas em psicologia vem atingindo, no cenário ibero-latinoamericano, conquistas relevantes. Para isso, têm enfrentado desafios na qualidade editorial e científica ao mesmo tempo em que vêm se inserindo em eventos acadêmicos de maior alcance geográfico e temático; igualmente, elas têm assumido os princípios do acesso livre e têm aprendido da instrumentação para participar em sistemas internacionais de indexação. Em meio desses avanços e conquistas, no artigo se pretende explicitar a trajetória da produtividade e visibilidade de conhecimento que vem sendo percorrida. Consonantemente, sinaliza-se a relevância de estratégias integradoras para fortalecer uma comunidade acadêmico-investigativa significativa e potente, que oriente as tarefas de visibilidade em todos os níveis e de autoconhecimento de suas verdadeiras capacidades produtivas.

The paper attempted space-time analysis of doctoral research in LIS in India at the three spatial scales: the zone, the state and the university so as to identify the periods of acceleration/deceleration along with areas of concentration/dispersal in distribution doctoral theses during 1950-2017. It also attempted to examine the changing distributional pattern of doctoral theses along with the factors working behind such a phenomenon. For this, the study picked up data/information available from different secondary sources including Bibliography of Doctoral Theses: Social Science, Library Herald, CLIS Observer and Shodhganga.
The study concluded that nearly half of the total doctoral theses accomplished during 1950-2017 were produced in the last eight years: 2010 to 2017. Moreover, doctoral research in LIS is mainly confined to few states and universities in India. The 120 universities, conducting doctoral research in LIS, made only 15.0 per cent of 789 universities in the country in 2017. In all, 2872 doctoral theses were produced in 120 universities of 23 states and three union territories, giving an average of about 24 theses per university.

The annual average rate of growth, which remained less than 5.0 per cent between the 1950s and 1960s, got a momentum in the next decade to reach its peak level during 1980- 89, indicating the take-off stage in its growth trajectory. A number of factors including the policy decisions by the University Grants Commission, New Delhi played a significant role not only in acceleration of doctoral research in LIS in the country but also in its intensification as well as physical expansion.

There existed wide differentials in distribution of theses at the three spatial scales: the zone, the state and the university. The southern and central zones together produced more than half (54.8 per cent) of total theses produced during the study period. The eight top ranking states awarded 2075 or 72.2 per cent of all theses, and the eighteen top ranking universities, making only 15.0 percent in total such universities produced in combine 1412 or nearly half of total theses. The current trends reveal that the production as well as productivity of doctoral research in LIS discipline will grow fast in the coming decades; however, the quality of doctoral research produced is likely to come up as a matter of serious concern.

This study explores the role of several family-related factors in faculty research productivity for a large, nationally representative sample of university faculty members. The role of marriage, children, and aging parents is examined after controlling for other personal and environmental factors, such as age, rank, department, and intrinsic motivations to conduct research, that previous research has shown to influence research productivity. Analyses are conducted on a sample of 8,544 full-time teaching faculty (2,384 women and 6,160 men) ...

Equity across academic disciplines is taken for granted in contemporary business schools. The status of a discipline is crucial for such fairness. One might assume, therefore, that IS scholars are treated fairly during tenure and promotion processes when compared to scholars from other business school academic fields. In fact, this may not be the case. The playing field used by business academic disciplines may not be level. This study addresses three questions related to this issue. The first asks whether there is a level playing field for publication among the various business disciplines, and second, assuming an unlevel playing field, what are the relative productivity differences between dissemination of scientific results among these disciplines? The third question is how could the playing field be leveled, assuming it is not at the present time. To answer these questions, existing data sources were tapped, one of these containing well over 18,000 data points. Further, original data was gathered from U.S. business schools, and all the data was analyzed in relation to AACSB data on the relative sizes of business school disciplines. Given our finding that the playing field is not level, the differences between the IS discipline and four other disciplines – Accounting, Finance, Management, and Marketing – are examined, and the consequences of the disadvantage to the IS discipline are discussed. The article concludes with recommendations of actions to level the field, and these are presented as a challenge to leaders in the Information Systems discipline.