Reconnection

With the rise of online social networking, social relationships are increasingly developed and maintained in a digital domain. Drawing conclusions about the impact of the digital world on loneliness is difficult because there are contradictory findings, and cross-sectional studies dominate the literature, making causation difficult to establish. In this review, we present our theoretical model and propose that there is a bidirectional and dynamic relationship between loneliness and social Internet use. When the Internet is used as a way station on the route to enhancing existing relationships and forging new social connections, it is a useful tool for reducing loneliness. But when social technologies are used to escape the social world and withdraw from the “social pain” of interaction, feelings of loneliness are increased. We propose that loneliness is also a determinant of how people interact with the digital world. Lonely people express a preference for using the Internet for soc...

We examine a unique data set from seven Hubble Space Telescope (HST) “visits” that imaged Saturn's northern dayside ultraviolet emissions exhibiting usual circumpolar “auroral oval” morphologies, during which Cassini measured the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) upstream of Saturn's bow shock over intervals of several hours. The auroras generally consist of a dawn arc extending toward noon centered near ~15° colatitude, together with intermittent patchy forms at ~10° colatitude and poleward thereof, located between noon and dusk. The dawn arc is a persistent feature, but exhibits variations in position, width, and intensity, which have no clear relationship with the concurrent IMF. However, the patchy postnoon auroras are found to relate to the (suitably lagged and averaged) IMF Bz, being present during all four visits with positive Bz and absent during all three visits with negative Bz. The most continuous such forms occur in the case of strongest positive Bz. These resu...

Motivated by the signatures of nonlinear electrostatic waves observed by the Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft mission in reconnection jet regions of Earth's magnetotail, we have explored the dynamical features of ion-acoustic shock waves in the magnetotail. In this investigation, we have examined the dynamics and characteristics of ionacoustic subsonic shock waves in non-Maxwellian space plasma comprising of two counterstreaming ion beams with suprathermal electrons, assumed to follow a kappa (κ) distribution. A reductive perturbation technique has been adopted to establish an evolution equation for small amplitude electrostatic shock structures. Importantly, subsonic waves only exist when the beam velocity exceeds a certain threshold, beyond which supersonic and subsonic waves may coexist. The combined effects of the beam velocity and the non-Maxwellian electron statistics have been analyzed to examine the characteristics of subsonic shock waves. Both symmetric and asymmetric (in relative beam density) models have been considered, leading to distinct possibilities in the evolution of subsonic shock waves. The findings of the investigation will help unfold the relatively unexplored dynamical characteristics of subsonic shock waves that may form and propagate in the magnetosphere.

While vorticity defined as the curl of the velocity has been broadly used in fluid and plasma physics, this quantity has been underutilized in space physics due to low time resolution observations. We report Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) observations of enhanced electron vorticity in the vicinity of the electron diffusion region of magnetic reconnection. On 11 July 2017 MMS traversed the magnetotail current sheet, observing tailward‐to‐earthward outflow reversal, current‐carrying electron jets in the direction along the electron meandering motion or out‐of‐plane direction, agyrotropic electron distribution functions, and dissipative signatures. At the edge of the electron jets, the electron vorticity increased with magnitudes greater than the electron gyrofrequency. The out‐of‐plane velocity shear along distance from the current sheet leads to the enhanced vorticity. This, in turn, contributes to the magnetic field perturbations observed by MMS. These observations indicate that el...

This contribution is positioned between what might be considered an artistic portfolio and a paper. It is perhaps best understood as a visual essay, in which a speculative correspondence with a prominent Ugandan chief and intellectual, the late Ham Mukasa (ca. 1870-1956), affords the activation of an ambiguous colonial legacy. It aims to complicate and question our relationship to-and understanding of archival materials and the web of privilege and precarity in which they were compiled and exist.

La inclusión modernista está caracterizada por una exclusión generalizada, así que hablar de la educación modernista incluyente es una paradoja. Se analiza la inclusión en la Educación matemática decolonial transcompleja, como objetivo complejo de la investigación, desde una metodología transdisciplinar crítica como transmétodo. En las conclusiones de aperturas se tiene que: en la Educación Matemática Decolonial Transcompleja la inclusión como estrategia es excelente para re-ligar des-ligando primeramente; el aula trasciende al aula mente social, para incluir armoniosos escenarios de la vida de los actores del proceso educativo; se recrea, alimenta y re-construye día a día el conocimiento matemático; re-ligar antropolíticamente para lograr la inclusión en la transcomplejidad a la Educación Matemática Decolonial Transcompleja es cohabitar con el conocimiento transdisciplinar y conlleva al accionar con la inclusión como estrategia para la convivencia de los saberes. Lograr la inclusió...

Geomagnetic storms are an important aspect of space weather and can result in significant impacts on space- and ground-based assets. The majority of strong storms are associated with the passage of interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) in the near-Earth environment. In many cases, these ICMEs can be traced back unambiguously to a specific coronal mass ejection (CME) and solar activity on the frontside of the Sun. Hence, predicting the arrival of ICMEs at Earth from routine observations of CMEs and solar activity currently makes a major contribution to the forecasting of geomagnetic storms. However, it is clear that some ICMEs, which may also cause enhanced geomagnetic activity, cannot be traced back to an observed CME, or, if the CME is identified, its origin may be elusive or ambiguous in coronal images. Such CMEs have been termed “stealth CMEs”. In this review, we focus on these “problem” geomagnetic storms in the sense that the solar/CME precursors are enigmatic and steal...

The MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) spacecraft while in orbit about Mercury observed highly localized, ~3‐s‐long reductions in the dayside magnetospheric magnetic field, with amplitudes up to 90% of the ambient intensity. These magnetic field depressions are termed cusp filaments because they were observed from just poleward of the magnetospheric cusp to midlatitudes, i.e., ~55° to 85°N. We analyzed 345 high‐ and low‐altitude cusp filaments identified from MESSENGER magnetic field data to determine their physical properties. Minimum variance analysis indicates that most filaments resemble cylindrical flux tubes within which the magnetic field intensity decreases toward its central axis. If the filaments move over the spacecraft at an estimated magnetospheric convection speed of ~35 km/s, then they have a typical diameter of ~105 km or ~7 gyroradii for 1 keV H+ ions in a 300 nT magnetic field. During these events, MESSENGER's Fast Imaging...

Geomagnetic storms are an important aspect of space weather and can result in significant impacts on space- and ground-based assets. The majority of strong storms are associated with the passage of interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) in the near-Earth environment. In many cases, these ICMEs can be traced back unambiguously to a specific coronal mass ejection (CME) and solar activity on the frontside of the Sun. Hence, predicting the arrival of ICMEs at Earth from routine observations of CMEs and solar activity currently makes a major contribution to the forecasting of geomagnetic storms. However, it is clear that some ICMEs, which may also cause enhanced geomagnetic activity, cannot be traced back to an observed CME, or, if the CME is identified, its origin may be elusive or ambiguous in coronal images. Such CMEs have been termed “stealth CMEs”. In this review, we focus on these “problem” geomagnetic storms in the sense that the solar/CME precursors are enigmatic and steal...

With the rise of online social networking, social relationships are increasingly developed and maintained in a digital domain. Drawing conclusions about the impact of the digital world on loneliness is difficult because there are contradictory findings, and cross-sectional studies dominate the literature, making causation difficult to establish. In this review, we present our theoretical model and propose that there is a bidirectional and dynamic relationship between loneliness and social Internet use. When the Internet is used as a way station on the route to enhancing existing relationships and forging new social connections, it is a useful tool for reducing loneliness. But when social technologies are used to escape the social world and withdraw from the “social pain” of interaction, feelings of loneliness are increased. We propose that loneliness is also a determinant of how people interact with the digital world. Lonely people express a preference for using the Internet for soc...

La inclusión modernista está caracterizada por una exclusión generalizada, así que hablar de la educación modernista incluyente es una paradoja. Se analiza la inclusión en la Educación matemática decolonial transcompleja, como objetivo complejo de la investigación, desde una metodología transdisciplinar crítica como transmétodo. En las conclusiones de aperturas se tiene que: en la Educación Matemática Decolonial Transcompleja la inclusión como estrategia es excelente para re-ligar des-ligando primeramente; el aula trasciende al aula mente social, para incluir armoniosos escenarios de la vida de los actores del proceso educativo; se recrea, alimenta y re-construye día a día el conocimiento matemático; re-ligar antropolíticamente para lograr la inclusión en la transcomplejidad a la Educación Matemática Decolonial Transcompleja es cohabitar con el conocimiento transdisciplinar y conlleva al accionar con la inclusión como estrategia para la convivencia de los saberes. Lograr la inclusió...

Desde el transmétodo transdisciplinar crítico; se analiza el re-lijage del docente universitario venezolano en la transmodernidad, da cuenta de una crisis fundamentada en la desvalorización de los centros universitarios como espacios de transcendencia humana y donde se ha detrimentado profundamente al sujeto docente. Como conclusiones de apertura en lo epistémico, la universidad venezolana debe ir en búsqueda de transepistemes con transmetodológias abiertas, complejas y transdisciplinares para re-construir la universidad venezolana. En el plano ético, la re-ligancia se manifiesta como el desafío de construir vías de diálogo y comprensión de respeto por la diversidad cultural; minimizando la inhumana condición humana, impulsar la sociedad política-ecosófica salvaguardadora de nuestra cultura y aborígenes. En el plano político, encarna una antropolítica que desmitifique los currículos, el ejercicio de poder, re-construir teorías y sus aplicabilidades. En el plano humano y la convivenc...

Desde el transmétodo transdisciplinar crítico; se analiza el re-lijage del docente universitario venezolano en la transmodernidad, da cuenta de una crisis fundamentada en la desvalorización de los centros universitarios como espacios de transcendencia humana y donde se ha detrimentado profundamente al sujeto docente. Como conclusiones de apertura en lo epistémico, la universidad venezolana debe ir en búsqueda de transepistemes con transmetodológias abiertas, complejas y transdisciplinares para re-construir la universidad venezolana. En el plano ético, la re-ligancia se manifiesta como el desafío de construir vías de diálogo y comprensión de respeto por la diversidad cultural; minimizando la inhumana condición humana, impulsar la sociedad política-ecosófica salvaguardadora de nuestra cultura y aborígenes. En el plano político, encarna una antropolítica que desmitifique los currículos, el ejercicio de poder, re-construir teorías y sus aplicabilidades. En el plano humano y la convivenc...

The magnetic breakout model gives an elegant explanation for the onset of an eruptive solar flare, involving magnetic reconnection at a coronal null point which leads to the initially enclosed flux ‘breaking out’ to large distances. In this paper we take a topological approach to the study of the conditions required for this breakout phenomenon to occur. The evolution of a simple delta sunspot model, up to the point of breakout, is analysed through several sequences of potential and linear force-free quasi-static equilibria. We show that any new class of field lines, such as those connecting to large distances, must be created through a global topological bifurcation and derive rules to predict the topological reconfiguration due to various types of bifurcation.

Historical photographs from colonial contexts form an integral part of ethnological museum collections worldwide. However, they are hardly considered in the current debate on the translocation of objects from colonial contexts. This article argues for a cross-media approach to such collections by demonstrating the historical and contemporary relevance of photographs. Just as with other object categories, one needs to approach photographs through provenance research, while taking into account their split nature as being simultaneously image and object.

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Historische Fotografien aus kolonialen Kontexten bilden einen wichtigen Bestandteil der Sammlungen ethnologischer Museen weltweit. Allerdings werden sie in der momentanen Debatte zur Verlagerung von Objekten aus kolonialen Kontexten kaum berücksichtigt. Der Beitrag plädiert für eine medienübergreifende Betrachtung von Sammlungen, indem er die historische und gegenwärtige Relevanz von Fotografien aufzeigt. Genauso wie bei anderen Objektkategorien müssen wir uns Fotografien durch Provenienzforschung annähern, dabei jedoch deren gespaltene Natur als gleichzeitig Bild und Objekt berücksichtigen.

In general, trauma is often a threat to life when it involves physical harm. However, an overwhelming feeling can also be traumatic. Recovery, on the other hand, is the process in which characters manage to restore their life back to normal. The main focus of this study is to examine the types of trauma and the stages of recovery that characters in the selected novel go through by using Judith Herman's concepts of Trauma and Recovery. The main concept of Trauma that will be analysed in this study is child abuse while the stages of recovery to be discussed include reconnection and the dialectic of continued trauma. The study examines these issues in the narrative of Daughters Who Walk This Path, written by Yejide Kilanko. This novel depicts ill-fated events that eventually lead to the characters' traumatic experience and later the recuperation that the characters go through. Daughters Who Walk This Path portrays how a traumatised rape victim manages to move on with life after that torture. The book portrays how the traumatised characters managed to recover from their dark past in order to live a normal life. INTRODUCTION The novel, Daughters Who Walk This Path, depicts ill-fated events that eventually lead to the traumatic experiences and later recuperation that the characters go through. Trauma has been depicted as an experience whereby the victim goes through a series of ill-fated events (Caruth 1996). As portrayed in the novel, trauma was shown in the form of child abuse. In the novel, Child abuse was in the form of rape that happened to two school-going children. These two children were left under the care of people their parents had trusted. In order to recuperate from a trauma, the victims must come to terms with the issues which are actually not allowing them to move toward the future. The only way for the victims to have a better future is by working through the residual effects of their traumatic experiences (Schick 37-55). Both the rape victims in Daughters Who Walk This Path had to undergo the stages of recovery in order to restart normal life. They had to come to terms with their attacks and attackers as a way for them to move forward. The stages of recovery that these two characters underwent were those proposed by Herman in his concept of Trauma and Recovery. Generally, African texts have been discussed from a Post-Colonial theoretical perspective. The main focus of Post-Colonial literature's transcultural memory is its colonial past, which can portray important insights into life during that time. Although many of important events that took place and circumstances that existed during the colonial age have been related in Post-Colonial literature, not many themes have emerged depicting the lives of African slaves, although slavery has been a major theme portraying the physical and mental traumatization that the slaves were subjected to by their colonizers (Eckstein 2006) As for the novel used in this study, no prior studies were found to have been done on this book. However, many genres have been discussed using trauma theory in the African context. This study will analyse the novel Daughters Who Walk This Path by using Judith Herman's (1992) Trauma and Recovery concept. The Trauma: Child Abuse