Real estate economics (Business)

Celem artykułu jest analiza ryzyka związanego z inwestowaniem w tzw. nieruchomości obciążone, a więc ryzyka jakie związane jest z zakupem nieruchomości: wraz z lokatorami, ze służebnością przejazdu i przejścia lub przesyłu, z ukrytą wadą prawną, będącej zabytkiem, poprzez
licytację komorniczą oraz w związku ze zbyciem nieruchomości przez dłużnika.

Over the last few years, the suburb of Gurgaon (renamed as Gurugram) has actually developed as one of one of the most rewarding realty hubs that are playing a fantastic function in offering a thrust to the uncontrolled development near the nationwide capital.


The urban sprawl in Gurgaon began with skyscraper business buildings and also facilities of multinational business-which eventually led to developing multistoried household apartment or condos. Presently, the actual estate industry in Gurgaon has been recognized as one of the most profitable locations, having elegant homes, multistoried structures, high-rise commercial facilities, first-rate facilities, and also public centers. The brand-new property expansion has started in addition to the significant places neighboring MG Roads, Golf Course Road, and also others. In addition to it, the proposed Dwarka-Gurgaon Expressway is being believed to lay a structure for a fresh incentive for the realty advancement in the location.

Investment funds first appeared in the Netherlands in the late 18th century for the purpose of financing trade expeditions. The first modern fund was established in the United States, Massachusetts in 1924, in his first year of formation increased by 50,000 to 392,000 US dollars.
For Mark Tompkins of Montrose Capital is obvious that the time of investment funds in the country is yet to come. Trust is basically divided into indoor and outdoor (mutual funds) and private funds (hedge funds). According to the number and importance to have the dominant open funds. Private funds like Mark Tompkins Montrose Capital INC however, came twenty years later, also in the United States. After their features, these vary from open on the possibility to sell shares on the stock market (which is not allowed in the open funds) and thus effectively reduce the risk of existing positions (hedging), hence the name Hegde Fund. This feature is extremely important for Montrose Capital because in terms of a general decline in share prices on the stock exchange, private funds can still make profit (selling higher level and closing short positions at a lower price). The growth of Mark Tompkins Montrose Capital in recent times is accompanied by enormous growth in funds under management because of the exceptional techniques for hedging and introducing innovations in financial intermediation. Because these features are said hedge funds are able to generate alpha refund, which is an exercise over a benchmark such as yield annually the index S & P, and is due exclusively to the ability of Montrose Capital portfolio managers to create unique portfolios and strategies .

One of the oft-quoted theorems of finance is that decision making based on net present value will lead to the maximisation of shareholder value. The study analyses the reality background of this theorem within the disciplinary borders of business economics. Since finance is based directly on the bases of microeconomics, the study touches upon the presentation of the different disciplinary frames of business economics and microeconomics. The paper demonstrates that the economic content of shareholder value of a firm calculated from its business value and the project’s net present value fundamentally differ from one another. With their summing up, in general cases, no index emerges with meaningful economic content. Moreover, only in exceptional cases does the ranking based on the net present value lead to the maximization of the shareholder value.

One of the oft-quoted theorems of finance is that decision-making based on net present value will lead to the maximization of shareholder value. The study analyses the real background of this theorem within the disciplinary borders of business economics. Since finance is based directly on the bases of microeconomics, the study touches upon the presentation of the different disciplinary frames of business economics and microeconomics. The paper demonstrates that the economic content of shareholder value of a firm calculated from its business value and the project’s net present
value fundamentally differ from one another. With their summing up, in general cases, no index emerges with meaningful economic content. Moreover, only in exceptional cases does the ranking based on the net present value lead to the maximization of the shareholder value.
Keywords: business economics, capital budgeting decisions, net present value, shareholder value

Development of Mobile technology, the surge in the use of social media networks and easiness to interact with potential clients are the prime reasons for every realtor to choose social media as vital part of their business. Social Media Real estate is very important as it helps to increase business visibility and build trust among clients.

The increasing rate of life expectancy, declining infant death and a high but falling birth rate in the country have created major demand for housing and infrastructure for meeting the human's primary want. Now-a-days most of the families are becoming nuclear family and most of the people are independent and they prefer to stay independently with their small family. This has also contributed to the growth of real estate. But in this growth four principal problems have been identified while examining thoroughly during the course of a field survey. These are: Land related problems, Statutory and other compliances, Labour related problems and Materials related problems. In this paper the authors have endeavoured to analyse these problems faced by the real estate developers in executing the projects in Guwahati. Present study is based on randomly selected 20 real estate developers (RED) located in Guwahati. A schedule of questions has been used for the purpose. Five point Likert scale have been used to measure the seriousness of the problems faced by the real estate developers in Guwahati city. It has been found that land related problems are the most serious among these four main problem areas in case of real estate projects in Guwahati. Next to it are labour related problems. Availability of sincere and experienced workers at site is dependent on the labour contractor. In case of compliance with the statutory requirements most of the respondents have opined that it is not a so serious matter provided all the documents are in order. To conclude it may be said that there is a good prospect of real estate projects in Guwahati if the city is expanded to the new areas in northern and western side which will also solve the problem of scarcity of land.

Résumé

Cette thèse de doctorat en géographie urbaine s’intéresse au redéploiement des marchés immobiliers résidentiels depuis le début des années 1990 à Phnom Penh, capitale du Cambodge. Trente ans après la fin du régime khmer rouge, qui pratiqua un véritable « urbicide », le tissu urbain de la ville se transforme rapidement au rythme d’investissements importants de la part de promoteurs locaux et étrangers. La construction de nouveaux projets urbains privés de grande ampleur témoigne de l’intégration de l’économie cambodgienne à la globalisation et aux logiques de production urbaine régionale, portées par des acteurs privés à la recherche de nouveaux marchés immobiliers émergents où investir leurs capitaux. Ces processus cachent cependant une réalité locale plus complexe, où la conquête des espaces urbains s’organise autour d’une compétition acerbe entre différents groupes sociaux et familiaux. En centrant notre recherche sur le marché résidentiel au sein des espaces périphériques, ce travail cherche à dessiner les contours d’une production urbaine locale métissée, qui s’appuie sur des logiques de transfert et de réappropriation de nouveaux modes de construction des villes sud-est-asiatiques. Au sein de ce cadre d’analyse, il paraît nécessaire de considérer l’immobilier comme une activité citadine collective formant un champ socio-économique particulier. En ce sens, la production de nouveaux espaces de vie en périphérie est tributaire des stratégies résidentielles des habitants et de la gestion des territoires municipaux par les autorités locales. L’organisation hiérarchisée des acteurs du champ immobilier apparaît à l’étude des différents capitaux qu’ils sollicitent pour réaliser leurs objectifs. La conquête des espaces urbains par différents acteurs, de l’habitant au promoteur professionnel, transcende ainsi les échelles d’analyse. Il n’est plus question de distinguer le formel de l’informel, le public du privé, mais bien de relever, en considérant l’espace comme une ressource et un capital, les complexes articulations entre les réalités socio-spatiales locales et l’organisation du marché du logement, qui produisent des espaces urbains singuliers à Phnom Penh.

Abstract

The present geography doctorate thesis studies the redeployment of the real-estate residential markets in Phnom Penh, capital city of Cambodia, since the early 1990s. Thirty years ago, the Khmer Rouge implemented a true « urbicide ». For the past couple decade, the urban fabric of the city has quickly evolved with the important investments of local and foreign real estate developers. The implementation of large new urban projects shows the integration of the Cambodian economy into the globalization and the regional urban production logics. They are carried out by private actors looking for opportunities to invest their capital in the new emerging real-estate markets. The big picture hides a more complex local reality: the quest of the urban spaces is the stake of a fierce competition between the different social groups and families. Focusing the analysis on the housing market in the peripheral spaces, this study aims to characterize the hybrid local urban production, based on the transfer and the appropriation of the new ways of building in the towns of South East Asia. In this frame, it appears that the real-estate sector should be considered as a collective urban activity, forming a socio-economic field of its own. In this understanding, the production of new living spaces in the outskirts relies on the residential strategies of its inhabitants and on the management of the municipal territories by the local authorities. The hierarchical organization of the real-estate actors is revealed by the type of capital they use to achieve their strategies. The conquest of the urban areas by different actors, from the inhabitant to the professional property developer, transcends the scales of analysis. The chosen angle is not to wonder whether it is formal or informal, public or private but is to reveal the complex links between the local socio-spatial realities and the organization of the housing market. While considering space as a resource and a capital, those interactions produce some original urban spaces in Phnom Penh.

ROYAL INDIA RAJ  -Opinion Express Magazine
Building India for the
New Millennium  - Page 26

Manoj C. Benjamin, Chairman Royal Indian Raj International Corporation (RIRC) Vancouver, Canada. The son of immigrants, 44-year-old Benjamin is a highly successful local business- man who has taken some of the wealth he earned here and invested it in India. He is considered a hawk in North America elite business circle, who takes tremendous risk but with calculated plans and vision to follow them.

Manoj C Benjamin a pioneer in the rapidly developing Indian Infrastructure & Housing Sector. Being among the first ap- proved FDI's in the Indian nation and recognized by India's, Business & Economy with a rank of 21 among the top 100 peo- ple for 2007.

RIRIC is launching multi billion dollar master planned town- ship communities under its Royal Garden Villas & Resorts, Royal Garden Cities. 135 hotels in various Indian Cities under the Choice Budget Brand and a national exclusive chain of Jack Nicklaus PGA courses.

When India opened its economy to the world in 1991, Benjamin started on the path to realizing his vision and dream to build communities that would stand out on the world's stage as being progressive and of the highest possible standards. Today, that dream is becoming a reality and RIRIC is on the fore- front of developing first-class resort communities and modern satellite cities in India under its Royal Garden City, Royal Garden Villas & Resorts and its hotel brands.

"We see the integrated township format as a key driver of fu- ture housing supply and as a catalyst for the much needed in- frastructure investments in the rapid urbanization of India. The Indian government has spelt out key incentive policies to pro- vide an impetus towards easing the flow of private investments and royal garden city is one of the first to have been conceptu- alized and planned to meet this objective," says Benjamin.

According to Anil K. Agarwal, President of ASSOCHAM (Associated Chamber of Commerce and Industry of India), lead- ing international investors like Royal Indian Raj International, Blackstone Group, Goldman Sachs, Citigroup Proper ty Investors, Morgan Stanley and GE Commercial Finance Real Estate are showing a keen interest and establishing their pres- ence in Indian real estate.

Few years ago Benjamin began aligning himself with venture partners who also saw the potential for modernizing real estate in the Indian market and committed them to RIRIC's objective of "Building India for the new millennium."

Over a projected 12-15-year program, RIRIC will inject an es- timated $10 billion dollars into its premier real estate develop- ments under the highly-touted Royal Garden Cities projects and its Royal Garden Villas and Resorts' brand.

India is truly emerging as the quiet lion about to roar. Benjamin's drive and vision is to create an economic and tech- nological connection between East and West. His company is playing an integral part in the country's burgeoning infrastruc- ture, finance and development sectors.

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The key objective of this study is to explore the factors that affect customer's purchase decision of residential apartment i n Dhaka City, capital of Bangladesh and one of the most densely populated cities in the world. Data for this study is collected from 470 respondents who are of lower-middle and middle income group living in Dhaka city area through structured and non-disguised questionnaire having close ended questions. The convenience sampling method is used for choosing the respondents though survey method where a five point Likert scale has been used to measure variables. This exploratory study also intends to categorize the considered 25 variables into factors. This study has found six factors which affect the purchase decision of a residential apartment among two particular income groups in a specific area. It concludes that the financial and project facilities factors affect the purchase decision of buyers followed by Physical quality and location and communication factors. Also the two factors environmental and promotional factors affect the purchase decision of the buyer from these two particular income groups. The real estate developers, market researchers and policy makers can be benefitted from the study as the customers from lowermiddle and middle income groups are vital consumers having confined financial ability but need for a proper and sustainable housing. The influencing factors identified from this study can be used in estimating housing demand and to increase the supply on account of these two income group people to develop the real estate market policies and strategies.

The statistics, finance, and real estate literature regularly rely on propensity score
matching techniques to balance samples of data where randomized treatment assignment is
not possible. In the sustainable commercial real estate literature the technique has seen
substantive use. To analyze price and rent premiums for green buildings, several studies
have used propensity scores to ensure samples that contains eco-labeled and un-labeled
buildings reflect a randomized assignment of the treatment. Underpinning the argument...

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ABSTRACT This thesis presents two studies on real estate economics and finance which are separate but interrelated. The first chapter investigates the transmission of monetary policy to real estate-related industries in Turkey by estimating the effect of policy decisions on the stock prices of real estate-related industries. The study addresses endogeneity and omitted variable problems inherent in the relationship between stock prices and monetary policy by employing a heteroskedasticity based identification set-up. The empirical results indicate that the impact of monetary policy on the real estate-related industries is strong and the identification set-up employed in the study weakly improves the results obtained by using the straightforward event study approach which is widely used in the related literature. The second chapter assesses the short-run inflation hedging ability of Turkish real estate investment trusts (REIT) by estimating the response of REIT returns to changes in inflation using individual firm data, aggregated index data and panel data. The specification used in the study allows asymmetry in the responses of REIT returns to increases and decreases in the inflation. Empirical results indicate that allowing for asymmetric responses significantly improves the estimations and Turkish REITs act as perverse hedges against rising inflation. On the contrary, Turkish REITs depreciate when inflation decreases.

VANCOUVER, BRITISH COLUMBIA, Apr 14 (MARKET WIRE) --
The Royal Indian Raj International Corporation (RIRIC), one of India's
largest foreign direct investor in the real estate sector, announces the
creation of the first-ever vertically integrated golf initiative in the
sub-continent, Golf India.

    "Through our truly innovative initiative, Golf India, RIRIC will help
grow the game of golf in India from the grass roots to the highest level
of world-class courses," said RIRIC Chairman and CEO Manoj C. Benjamin.
"We intend to develop a chain of golf courses and resorts throughout the
Indian nation, and the creation of Golf India is the first step on this
exciting journey."

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Procurement in any real estate construction is very important aspect to be looked into as wrong procurement or selection process may negatively affect the implementation success of any real estate project. This research evaluated the procurement systems for project success in real estate project with focus on the identifying procurement systems that are mostly applied in Onitsha metropolis as well as the relationship between procurement systems and real estate project success. A total of 140 major stakeholders comprising clients, consultants and contractors were involved in the survey. The study adopted descriptive method of data analysis. It identified the factors that influence the selection of procurement systems in real estate project implementation. Findings of the study indicated that the traditional procurement system is still the best known and the most widely used in Onitsha metropolis followed by design and build. For factors considered in choosing a particular real estate procurement system; cost optimization was ranked highest followed by project objective. The result further indicated that procurement system has a relationship with the project success. The research recommended that, consultants are expected to advise their clients on procurement systems available, roles and responsibilities of all the project participants should be clearly defined.

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Here, Michael Figler shares the information about how to grow commercial real estate development which is all around us and enters apartments, offices, retail space, and more. Commercial real estate is a general expression representing real property utilized to generate a profit.

This thesis presents two studies on real estate economics and finance which are separate but interrelated. The first chapter investigates the transmission of monetary policy to real estate-related industries in Turkey by estimating the effect of policy decisions on the stock prices of real estate-related industries. The study addresses endogeneity and omitted variable problems inherent in the relationship between stock prices and monetary policy by employing a heteroskedasticity based identification set-up. The empirical results indicate that the impact of monetary policy on the real estate-related industries is strong and the identification set-up employed in the study weakly improves the results obtained by using the straightforward event study approach which is widely used in the related literature. The second chapter assesses the short-run inflation hedging ability of Turkish real estate investment trusts (REIT) by estimating the response of REIT returns to changes in inflation using individual firm data, aggregated index data and panel data. The specification used in the study allows asymmetry in the responses of REIT returns to increases and decreases in the inflation. Empirical results indicate that allowing for asymmetric responses significantly improves the estimations and Turkish REITs act as perverse hedges against rising inflation. On the contrary, Turkish REITs depreciate when inflation decreases.