Qajars

Nineteenth-century Iran was an ocularcentered society predicated on visuality and what was seen and unseen, and photographs became liminal sites of desire that maneuvered "betwixt and between" various social spaces—public, private, seen, unseen, accessible, and forbidden—thus mapping, graphing, and even transgressing those spaces, especially in light of increasing modernization and global contact during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Of primary interest is how photographs negotiated and coded gender, sexuality, and desire, becoming strategies of empowerment, of domination, of expression, and of being seen. Hence, the photograph became a vehicle to traverse multiple locations that various gendered physical bodies could not, and it was also the social and political relations that had preceded the photograph that determined those ideological spaces of (im)mobility. In identifying these notions in photographs, one may glean information about how modern Iran metamorphosed throughout its own long durée or resisted those societal transformations as a result of modernization.

The Qajar Imperial image was crafted by Fath Ali Shah through a variety of mediums: Monumental portraits, rock carvings, miniatures, building projects, architecture, regalia and dress. This essay examines the method of presentation and representation Fath Ali Shah designed for himself and his court and explores some of the reasons behind this departure from how past dynasties presented themselves to their subjects and to the outside world.

Around 800 AH/1499 CE Mansūr ibn Muḥammad wrote a treatise on anatomy renowned as the first Persian illustrated anatomical work with full-page diagrams of the human body which were depicted in squatting position. In contrast with these “traditional” illustrations, it seems that the "modern" depiction of the human body became popular right after the introduction of European medicine to Persia. Accordingly, to shed light on the way Persians passed from the traditional anatomical illustrations to modern ones, investigations are still needed to be done. In addition to explaining the features of these illustrations chronologically, this paper provides information to push forward the understanding of the interaction between advances of medical sciences and anatomical illustrations until the end of Qajar dynasty. As a result, it is evident that anatomical illustrations of Mansūr's treatise established a tradition, which continued for about half a millennium. This long-lasting tradition was due to the continuous reliance of Persian medicine on its Galenic origin, which was dominant from the 3rd century AH. It also indicates that in spite of being familiar with the modern figures of European anatomical books from the 11th century AH, Persians made use of “modern” illustrations of the human body in the second half of the 13th century AH.  The earliest images of modern human body appeared after the establishment of Dār al-Funūn (c. 1266 AH). Thereafter, "modern" images of human body replaced "traditional" illustrations. Following this change, a wide range of modern images appeared in Persian anatomical print books.

Philipp Ammon - "Georgien zwischen Eigenstaatlichkeit und russischer Okkupation. Die Wurzel des russisch-georgischen Konflikts vom 18. Jahrhundert bis zum Ende der ersten georgischen Republik (1921)"
2015 Kitab-Verlag Klagenfurt - Wien
www.kitab-verlag.com
Office@kitab-verlag.com
ISBN 978-3-902878-45-8
Buchpräsentation in der Botschaft Georgiens zu Berlin
Begrüßung: Kulturattaché Dudana Mazmanishvili
Moderation: Ekkehard Maaß
Vortrag: Philipp Ammon
Dankeswort: Botschafter Georgiens in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Prof. Lado Chanturia
29.11.2016
Veröffentlicht am 02.12.2016 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RXSoswMZhus)

„Buchvorstellung von Philipp Ammon in der georgischen Botschaft.
Am 29. November 2016 hat der junge Historiker Philipp Ammon den zahlreich erschienenen Gästen in der georgischen Botschaft sein äußerst spannendes Buch -"Georgien zwischen Eigenstaatlichkeit und russischer Okkupation" vorgestellt. Nach der Buchvorstellung gefolgt von Publikumsfragen hatten die Gäste die Gelegenheit georgische Köstlichkeiten zu probieren und sich über das Buch auszutauschen.“ (http://germany.mfa.gov.ge/index.php?lang_id=GER&sec_id=243&info_id=39065)