Phytichemistry

У збірнику восьмої Міжнародної науково-практичної конференції «Лікарське рослин- ництво: від досвіду минулого до новітніх технологій» наведено результати досліджень лікарсь- ких рослин: особливості їх інтродукції, біології, селекції, фізіології і фітохімії, розмноження і культивування, фармації, використання у сільському господарстві та промисловості.
В сборнике восьмой Международной научно-практической конференции «Лекарствен- ное растениеводство: от опыта прошлого к современным технологиям» представлены результа- ты изучения лекарственных растений, особенности их интродукции, биологии, селекции, фи- зиологии и фитохимии, размножения и возделывания, фармации, использования в сельском хозяйстве и промышленности.
The collection of the Eighth International Scientific and Practical Conference “Medicinal Herbs: from past experience to new technologies” presents the results of the investigations of medicinal plants, especially their introduction, biology, breeding, physiology and phytochemistry, propagation and cultivation, pharmacy, use in agriculture and industry.

Andrographis paniculata (King of bitters), commonly known as Kalmegh is belongs to the family of Acanthaceae. The objective of this study is to review the literature of Andrographis paniculata specifically articles pertaining to therapeutic benefits, chemical properties and pharmacological evaluation. It is extensively used in indigenous system of medicines as home remedy for various diseases in Bangladeshi traditional system. It is used to treat hepatitis, gastrointestinal tract and upper respiratory infections, fever, herpes, and a variety of other chronic and infectious diseases. Andrographis paniculata possess hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, immunostimulatory, antipyretic, antioxidant, hypotensive, antibacterial activities. Andrographis paniculata contains steroids, phenols, terpenoids, alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids were the active compounds present in the plant. The medicinal value of this plant is due to the presence of active ingredients viz andrographolide and neoandrographolide which are derivatives of diterpenoids.

Hydrodistilled essential oils isolated from the leaf, ripe and unripe rinds as well as flower hexane extract of Murcott mandarin were analysed by GLC-MS to identify their constituents. The identified compounds were 48, 41, 40 and 46 from the mentioned organs, respectively. Monoterpenes represented the highest percentage for the identified components of ripe rind (94.76%), unripe rind (97.05%) and flower hexane fraction (50.97%) while oxygenated monoterpenes (45.94%) were the highest for leaf oil. Limonene was the major components in all samples followed by terpinene-4-ol and linalool in leaf oil, geranial, γ-terpinen and neral in flower hexane extract. Myrcene represented 2.43% and 2.69% for the ripe and unripe rind, respectively. Moreover, the major constituents were quantified by GLC-FID using a calibration curve of limonene. All tested samples showed high concentration of limonene which reached its highest concentration in flower hexane fraction (527.54 µg/ml). The tested samples were evaluated for their antimicrobial activities by using agar well diffusion assay and determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) using gentamicin, ampicillin and amphotricin B as positive controls. Flower hexane extract showed the best activity against Enterococcus faecalis while leaf oil exhibited its highest activity against Enterobacter cloacae and Bacillus subtilis. Additionally, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, and Aspragillus fumigatus were the most sensitive to ripe rind oil while Saccharomyces cerevisiae was greatly inhibited by unripe rind (MIC = 1.95 µg /ml for all). Escherichia coli showed equal responses towards ripe and unripe rind oils (MIC=3.9 µg/ml). Also, ripe rind and leaf oils exhibited equal inhibitory effect against B. subtilis. MTT assay was used to evaluate cytotoxic activity compared to doxorubicin. Leaf oil showed the most potent effect on human lung carcinoma (A-549) cell line with IC 50 = 2.5 μg, while unripe rind oil exhibited the highest activity on human colon carcinoma (HCT-116) and hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep-G2) cell lines with IC 50 = 2.98 and 3.62 μg, respectively. The results recommend the use of Murcott mandarin oils as food preservatives and need further studies for the possible use as anticancer agents.

Goniothalamus species are used in widespread medicines to cause abortion, antiaging, body pains, rheumatism, skin complaints, typhoid fever, tympanites, stomach ache and fever. The present study reviews the distribution of species along with their synonyms, their traditional usage, and correlated chemical compounds of Goniothalamus species with stress on the authentication of their ethnobotanical uses. The findings in some Goniothalamus species suggest that the chemical nature of their derivatives, such as acetogenins and styryl lactones, may justify the uses of these species against cancer in Asian traditional medicines due to their cytotoxic potential.

Medicinal plants have played an important role in treating and preventing a verity of diseases throughout the world. Bangladesh still depends on medicinal plants and most of them have general medicinal plants which are used for treating a verity of ailments. Cuscuta reflexa belongs to the family of Convolvulaceae. The aim of the resent study was to evaluate a comprehensive review on the phytochemical and pharmacological aspects of Cuscuta reflexa. It has been investigated for hepatoprotective, antimicrobial, antitumor, wound healing, hypoglycemic, anti-HIV, diuretic, anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. Many chemical constituents have been isolated from Cuscuta reflexa such as cuscutin, cuscutamine, kaempferol, quercetin, myricetin, amarbelin, β-sitosterol, ararbelin, luteolin, dulcitrol, cafferi acid.

Andrographis paniculata (King of bitters), commonly known as Kalmegh is belongs to the family of Acanthaceae. The objective of this study is to review the literature of Andrographis paniculata specifically articles pertaining to therapeutic benefits, chemical properties and pharmacological evaluation. It is extensively used in indigenous system of medicines as home remedy for various diseases in Bangladeshi traditional system. It is used to treat hepatitis, gastrointestinal tract and upper respiratory infections, fever, herpes, and a variety of other chronic and infectious diseases. Andrographis paniculata possess hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, immunostimulatory, antipyretic, antioxidant, hypotensive, antibacterial activities. Andrographis paniculata contains steroids, phenols, terpenoids, alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids were the active compounds present in the plant. The medicinal value of this plant is due to the presence of active ingredients viz andrographolide and neoandr...

Aerial parts of Varthemia candicans were collected seasonally for one year (winter, spring, summer and autumn) from Wadi Habbes (rocky habitat) and Sand Dunes habitat, West Marsa Matrouh, Egypt. The results of the plant photochemical analysis cleared out that the amount of soluble carbohydrates in the study habitats during the wet seasons (winter and autumn) was higher than that of the dry season, however the content of insoluble carbohydrates recorded a reverse trend. HPLC analysis of free sugars detected the occurrence of glucoronic acid, raffinose, glucose, galactose, fructose and fucose. The most abundant free sugar in WH was glucoronic acid but in SD was raffinose. Also, HPLC analysis of combined sugars detected the presence of glucose, mannose, fructose and maltose with the commonness of maltose in the two study habitats. The amount of soluble amino acids and soluble proteins were greater in SD habitat than WH habitat during all seasons, except autumn season. Free amino acids in WH habitat revealed the richness of the plant with asparagines, but in SD habitat with proline, but in case of protein amino acids proline was common in WH and aspartic acid was common in SD habitat. The total lipids content was greater in SD habitat than in WH. GC-MS analysis of fatty acids revealed that Hexadecanoic acid methyl ester was common in the plant aerial parts in WH habitat, however the fatty acid 6-Acetyl-8methoxy-2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromen-5-ol was common in the plant aerial parts in SD habitat.