Original research

Malocclusion is problem since historical age. But people's awareness and perception about the problem varies with their geographical location and cultural background and their knowledge. The problem seems to be more acute in developing countries like India and that too in rural area. Objectives: This study is undertaken to assess the awareness about problem of malocclusion and treatment seeking behaviour among the patients of rural area attending in department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics of Rural Dental College, PIMS, Loni. Methods: The present cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Orthodontic, Rural Dental College, PIMS, Loni. A total of 120 participants who were suffering from malocclusion and came for dental treatment were the study population. Result: Most of the subjects in the study are of rural area and they don't have knowledge about the cause of the malocclusion i.e. genetic, caries, tooth loss and diet but 65% subjects know the habits can cause the malocclusion. But on the other side these rural people (92%) areaware about aesthetic problem of malocclusion. Conclusion: Prevention is always better than cure. We can prevent the malocclusion by making the rural population aware about the causes and risk factors of the malocclusion. It is suggested that treatment of malocclusion should be instituted as early as possible for improvement of facial appearance and body image.

Medical professionals have recognized eating disorders and related problems in competitive athletes. Auxiliary members (color guard, dance, majorettes) experience the same appearance-related pressures observed in sports commonly associated with eating disorders.Context: To estimate eating-disorder prevalence based on associated eating-disorder characteristics and behaviors in female auxiliary members and to compare perceived and ideal body images and anthropometric measurements between at-risk and not–at-risk participants for eating-disorder characteristics and behaviors.Objective: Cross-sectional design.Design: Three universities in the southeastern United States.Setting: Participants (n  =  101, mean age  =  19.2 ± 1.2 years) represented 3 auxiliary units, including color guard (n  =  35), dance line (n  =  47), and majorettes (n  =  19).Patients or Other Participants: Participants self-reported menstrual history, height, and weight. Anthropometric measurements included height, we...

Biological markers for assessment of exposure to a variety of environmental carcinogens has been widely applied in both basic as well as clinical research. Exposure to tobacco smoke presents an ideal environment with which to develop, characterize, and refine biological markers, especially of those carcinogens found in tobacco. In the present study, a sensitive gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method was developed to measure nitrosamine- hemoglobin adducts (HPB-Hb (4-Hydroxy-3-pyridinyl-1-butanone) at trace levels in red blood cells of both African-American and Caucasian smoking and nonsmoking mothers and their infants. Gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric methods with chemical ionization (CI) of methane reagent gas in both positive and negative ion mode as well as electron ionization (EI) were studied to determine differences in sensitivity of detection among the various ionization methods. Detection limits using both positive and negative chemical ionization mode...

Despite epidemic increases in childhood obesity rates, many providers fail to diagnose obesity. Body mass index (BMI)-for-age percentiles are the recommended screening test. We evaluated whether mailing a toolkit to physicians would increase use of sex-specific BMI-for-age percentiles to screen for childhood obesity. We assigned a random sample of family physicians and pediatricians from New York State's medical licensing database to either intervention or control groups in the summer of 2004. At baseline and at follow-up, we sent physicians a survey that asked how often they used various screening methods to identify childhood obesity. Between the surveys, we sent physicians in the intervention group a toolkit that consisted of professional guidelines for childhood obesity screening, a tool for calculating BMI, BMI-for-age growth charts, and educational information. At follow-up, more physicians in the intervention group than in the control group reported using BMI percentiles ...