Open Access Resources

مختصری درباره معرفی دسترسی آزاد، تاریخچه، چرایی، انواع و مزایای آن است و سپس سامانه ها، راهنماها و سپارشگاه هایی معرفی می شوند که نشریات، مقالات، کتاب ها و پایان نامه های دسترسی آزاد را می توان در آن ها یافت.
A brief on Open Access, its history and benefits and challenges and then introducing key open access databases to access papers, journals, books and theses.

This e-learning/ self-directional learning Module includes four Units, namely Unit 1: Introduction to Research Evaluation Metrics and Related Indicators; Unit 2: Innovations in Measuring Science and Scholarship; Unit 3: Article and Author Level Measurements; Unit 4: Online Citation and Reference Management Tools. This Module was produced under the UNESCO-CEMCA Project Development of Curriculum and Self-Directed Learning Tools for Open Access, 2013-2015.
[Das, Anup Kumar (2015). Open Access for Researchers, Module 4: Research Evaluation Metrics. Paris: UNESCO. ISBN 9789231000829. Editors: Sanjaya Mishra; B.K. Sen]

This e-learning/ self-directed learning Module includes five Units, namely Unit 1: Scholarly Communication Process; Unit 2: Open Access: History and Developments; Unit 3: Rights and Licenses; Unit 4: Advocacy for Open Access; Unit 5: Open Access Research Impacts. This Module was produced under the UNESCO-CEMCA Project Development of Curriculum and Self-Directed Learning Tools for Open Access, 2013-2015.

Censimento e catalogazione su base informatica dei manoscritti medievali presenti sul territorio toscano. La Regione Toscana ha avviato dal 1992 la catalogazione informatizzata dei manoscritti medievali (cioè datati o databili entro l’anno 1500) presenti sul suo territorio, avendo come fine il censimento, la tutela e la valorizzazione del patrimonio manoscritto toscano. Il progetto, che utilizza il software CDS/ISIS con l’applicativo CODEX specificamente studiato, interessa tutte le biblioteche della Toscana, eccetto le seguenti biblioteche statali: a Firenze le biblioteche Marucelliana, Medicea Laurenziana, Nazionale Centrale, Riccardiana; a Pisa la Biblioteca Universitaria. Oltre alle biblioteche sono censite tutte le possibili sedi di conservazione: archivi statali e comunali, biblioteche e archivi capitolari, monasteri, conventi, chiese, seminari vescovili, accademie e analoghe istituzioni culturali, musei. Ove possibile sono censiti anche i manoscritti di proprietà privata.

Universal access to information and knowledge lies UNESCO's overall mandate to promote the free flow of information by word and by image and thus to place information and knowledge at the doorsteps of communities. UNESCO strives to forge an enabling environment to facilitate and open up avenues for universal access to information and knowledge. Open Access to information and knowledge is an innovative mode of scholarly communication within the digital environment aimed at achievement of universal access to information and knowledge. While Open Access helps digital inclusion of citizens in developing countries by bringing within easy reach full-text contents of scholarly works, documentary heritage collections and development-related literature, the Digital Library remains a knowledge repository of such citizens, indigenous people, communities and institutions. Open Access to knowledge is a model adopted by many international and intergovernmental fora, such as the World Summit on the information Society (WSIS), for disseminating full-text contents to online communities. The South Asia sub-region is now in the forefront of the Open Access movement within developing countries in the world, with India being the most prominent partner in terms of its successful Open Access and Digital Library initiatives. Institutional and policy frameworks in India also facilitate innovative solutions for increasing international visibility and accessibility of scholarly literature and documentary heritage in this country. This publication has its genesis in the recommendations and proceedings of UNESCO-supported th international conferences and workshops including the 4 International Conference of Asian Digital Libraries (ICADL2001, Bangalore); the International Conferences on Digital Libraries (ICDL2004 & ICDL2006, New Delhi); and the International Workshop on Greenstone Digital Library software (2006, Kozhikode), where many information professionals of this sub-region demonstrated their Digital Library and Open Access Initiatives. It discusses successful activities in the South Asia subregion bringing closer to the worldwide audience, the subject of access to scholarly literature and documentary heritage. This may thus be considered an authoritative source-book on Open Access Development in this sub-region.

This e-learning/ self-directional learning Module includes four Units, namely Unit 1: Introduction to Scholarly Communication; Unit 2: Communicating with Peer Review Journals; Unit 3: Electronic Journals and Databases; Unit 4: Serials Crisis. This Module was produced under the UNESCO-CEMCA Project Development of Curriculum and Self-Directed Learning Tools for Open Access, 2013-2015.

This e-learning/ self-directional learning Module includes two Units, namely Unit 1:The Publishing Process; Unit 2: Share Research Results in Open Access. This Module was produced under the UNESCO-CEMCA Project Development of Curriculum and Self-Directed Learning Tools for Open Access, 2013-2015.

Various initiatives are taken globally to make knowledge repositories more accessible to researchers by exploiting the internet platform and developing a model that allows free access. India is also actively participating in this new initiative. Open access to scientific knowledge is an integral part of India’s S&T policy intervention. Some of the major international and Indian national initiatives are highlighted. Further efforts that would be required to make Indian participation more fruitful are also brought out.

Das, Anup Kumar (2014). Open Access to Scientific Knowledge: Policy Perspectives and National Initiatives. In: CSIR-NISTADS (ed): India - Science and Technology, volume 3. Delhi: Cambridge University Press India, ISBN 9789384463045, pp.292-299.

This paper presents the current status of university presses in India, and how they are interlinked with their prestigious fellowship programmes and academic research. Indian university presses were identified from DELNET union catalogue of books. Their publishing patterns are studied based on MIS reports available or generated from their respective websites. The paper also analyzes global visibility and availability of produced knowledge through institutional and external web catalogues, e-commerce sites and utilization of book promotion avenues. It is found that, as of now, Indian university presses don’t publish e-books. Many of these presses don’t even have a dedicated website for disseminating detailed bibliographic information on available titles.

Momentum is an experiential, cumulative music composition and blogging project, conducted throughout 2012. For 366 consecutive days I collected and recorded sonic material that comprised musical and non-musical field recordings, intentional and incidental found sounds, snippets of musical works, and improvisations. I then sculpted and layered the recordings utilising a digital audio workstation and an arsenal of audio editing tools. The outcome is a four hour-long sound-art work. I invited contributions to the project, and as a result more than 60 people from all over the world collaborated on Momentum, providing recordings to be included in the project.

Momentum was conceived as an exercise in experimental and experiential composition. The project was created sequentially and chronologically, with new musical material being introduced and intermingling always with the existing material at the end of the work. I lived Momentum as I created it; it became a part of my everyday life and the project and my lived experiences influenced one another.

The goal in conducting Momentum was to explore cumulative compositional processes via a method of self-imposed disciplined practice. This involved building, over one year, hundreds of micro compositions that were then disassembled and recomposed into one musical work in 12 movements, one for each month of the year. Each completed movement is 15-30 minutes in length. Via a blog and other online platforms my audience were able to engage with both the day-to-day processes and practices involved in the smaller pieces as well as the larger monthly movements as they were completed.

Momentum investigates the results of a disciplined and habitual approach to art making; a non traditional and community oriented compositional method which is self-derivative, chronological and directly cumulative. Momentum was created within strict guidelines, via a process whereby each day’s work was partly derived from and informed by the previous day’s work, but where the majority of the creative material was unknown in advance. Momentum examines the role of audience in the creation of a body of work, through transparency of process and by opening this process up to feedback and collaboration. This exegesis is reflective of the process that I used to develop Momentum; the art and research framework grew and developed simultaneously.

Momentum has since gone on to encompass a 30 minute album, created cumulatively over one month in Istanbul, a 4 day and night live performance event in the Melbourne Fringe Festival, and an ongoing, online community sound art collective. The work-in-progress was (and remains) accessible via several online sources, and the audio is free to listen to, download and re-purpose within the confines of a Creative Commons License.  I continue to invite feedback, comments, audience participation and derivative works via the music site SoundCloud , my blog , email, Facebook , Twitter  and other social networking media.

At the dawn of the 21 st century, free and open source software, open access resource and free web tools have come strongly in competition to proprietary software. They have been setting sustainable alternative to commercial software in several fields of endeavor due to its inherent characteristics and license pattern; education is the highly affected area where the availability of adequate financial resources is always an issue. However, open source software not only set themselves cost effective, but also offered more trust, sustainability, support and freedom of application, adaptation and modification. Subscription based scholarly publications have always been criticized for their multiple pay paradox and open access movement has played a significant role in bringing the scholarly resources in the public domain. Libraries in India and over the world are making use of open source software and open access resources to save huge financial resources and to get the freedom of adaptability and modification. This paper is a case study of Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Government College, Silvassa on implementation of various open source software and open access resources. The objective of this study is to understand the effectiveness of and challenges in employing open source software and open access resources.

The Delhi Declaration on Open Access, pronounced on 14th February 2018, becomes another instance of solidarity of the researchers in Global South in making open access (OA) to scholarly literature a popular choice in the dissemination of the scientific research. The Open Access India (OAI), an open access advocacy group, was the main architect behind this Declaration. The Declaration had over 120 signatories from India and other countries in the Global South within first two weeks of its pronouncement.  This declaration is supported by the Knowledge Societies Division of UNESCO; IFLA RSCAO; Forum for Open Access in SAARC, etc. The signatories are not limited to the information professionals, journal editors, and research funders, but also the committed academic researchers who use and promote open access resources. The Declaration also marked the sixteenth anniversary of Budapest Open Access Initiative (BOAI), which is considered as the starting point in the shaping of the global open access movement. On the 15th anniversary of BOAI, the AgriXiv, a preprint self-archiving portal for agriculture and allied sciences was launched as an Open Access India’s community initiative.

This Unit, Communicating with Peer Review Journals, covers two important academic publishing channels, namely peer reviewed journals, conferences and their proceedings. This Unit also highlights different methods and procedures of peer reviewing for publishing primary literature emanated from research studies. The peer reviewing is essential for validating quality of research findings conveyed by researchers, which are subject to fulfilment of ethical standards and appropriate research design, sampling and other methodological issues. This Unit discusses in details aspects such as Academic Journals, Their Functions, Working and Procedures; The Peer Review Process; World of Journal Publishing; The Importance of Scientific and Professional Societies in Journal Publishing; and Publishing in Conferences. Published in Open Access for Researchers > Module 1: Scholarly Communications > Unit 2: Communicating with Peer Review Journals.

Emerging developments in Internet in the 1990s led to global sharing of knowledge and universal access to information resources. Scholarly communication channels got tremendous impetus, when Internet pushed further their reach, availability and readership. Adaptation of information and communication technologies (ICT) in academic research environment helped in enhancing productivity of research scholars. Borderless or cross-border nature of Internet pushed further global access to knowledge resources and academic databases round the corner in 24X7 timeframe. Many scholarly journals in print format started publishing their electronic edition, which since then are popularly known as electronic journals or e-journals. Scholarly open access (OA) journals are a kind of e-journals available in online environment through Internet, without any access barrier, such as annual subscription fee. In the beginning years of the 21st Century, scholarly communities got engaged with the global OA movements for opening up scholarly resources, more particularly research literature, to worldwide researchers’ communities without any access fee or subscription cost. Then researchers’ communities availed not only free access to scholarly contents, but also other bundle of rights need to be provided to creators and users of research literature. Freedom of sharing, archiving, reusing and remixing of scholarly contents was not available through normal copyright protection mechanisms. Copyright laws of many countries discouraged public sharing or reusing of scholarly contents. While extending freedom of sharing or reusing to user groups through the alternative to copyright protection pathways, such as Creative Commons (CC) or CopyLeft licenses, users groups happily make use of these community resources for further production and distribution of knowledge. While protecting creators’ rights, CC licenses churn out full potentials of OA research literature.
In this Unit, the genesis of OA publishing is briefly discussed. This Unit also highlights different benefits OA publishing promises, different approaches and business models of OA. Finally, this Unit gives you an overview of long-terms preservation models available for OA and other scholarly electronic contents.
Das, Anup Kumar (2015). Open Access: History and Developments. In: Mishra, S. & Satija, M.P. (eds.), Introduction to Open Access [Open Access for Library Schools, 1]. Paris: UNESCO, pp. 17-30. ISBN 9789231000744.

Coal is one of the Primary sources of Energy accounting for about 67% of total energy consumption in India. The production of Coal has increased from 35 million tons in 1951 to 409.3 million tons in 2004. At the same time, the Average Daily Employment (ADE) has increased from 352 thousand in 1951 to 405 thousand in 2004. However, the journey of Coal sector was not uniform throughout the five decades. It is shown in recent time that the productivity of labour in coal mines in Tamil Nadu and Orissa is very high in comparison with other major coal producing states, like, West Bengal and Jharkhand. However, the coal mining in Tamil Nadu and Orissa is mostly and increasingly dependents on Open-cast mining. The paper is wanted to show that the labour productivity in coal mine are the boom in productivity in Orissa and Tamil Nadu is only due to the weighted average of different types of productivities. But, the coals at open-cast and below ground are not same. They are different in quality...

In an academic research environment, scholarly communications become central part of the process of deliberations. Scholars across the world are now better equipped with services offered by open access knowledge repositories for self-archiving their intellectual outcomes of scholarly research, i.e., research publications and research reports. Global open access statements enlighten academic researchers to make use of Green open access channels for harnessing global visibility, readability and cross-border knowledge transfer. Open access (OA) institutional repositories, national repositories or disciplinary knowledge repositories are considered as Green open access channels, where researchers have their freedom to share and distribute their research publications in digital formats. Besides, major OA declarations and statements, endorsed by the scientific institutions and communities, have identified Gold OA as major channel for scholarly communications. Public-funded research literatures are supposed to be made available through the Gold OA channel, in order to keep knowledge flow uninterruptedly across the world. Peer-reviewed OA journals belong to Gold OA channel. Thus, every academic researcher, after completing a research study, tries to identify possible publishing avenues for communicating research results. In this Unit, various authors’ tools for identifying different self-archiving avenues and their credentials are briefly discussed. This Unit also gives you a brief overview on workflow and submission process in self-archiving, and permission and licensing choices for disseminating research through Green open access channels. This Unit also gives you brief overview on paradigms of regional open access directories and journal gateways, and their strengths and weaknesses.
Das, Anup Kumar (2015). Share Research Results in Open Access. In: Mishra, S. (ed.), Sharing Your Work in Open Access [Open Access for Researchers, 5]. Paris: UNESCO, pp. 15-35. ISBN 9789231000836.

Indicates some of the different concepts of sustainable economic development and raises queries about how much present generations are concerned with future generations. A variety of conditions (ranging from very weak to very strong) have been suggested for achieving sustainable development. These are outlined. The prospect that the accumulation of man-made capital may result in unsustainable economic development is discussed and the welfare consequences of the conversion of natural capital are considered in a historical context. This leads on to a discussion of different types of capital: man-made and natural. Division of the total stock of capital into these categories is now common. However, there appears to be a gap because heritage capital (for example, varieties of crops and animals developed by human interference in nature) do not fit well into this framework. Some reasons why economic production may not be maintained or maximised are considered. They include the presence of externalities, open access to resources and the presence of public goods and bads. It is pointed out that it is undesirable to sustain everything, including all industries. While it might seem appealing to seek sustainable strategies that satisfy multiple criteria (such as economic viability, political and social acceptability and ecological sustainability), it is possible that such strategies rarely exist, if at all.

Purpose:-
Up to the 2005 theses, dissertations, research papers and rare collection in most of the Indian libraries, are kept in closed access and it is very difficult to the researchers to access them as a reference source for the further study as well as to avoid duplication, to avoid plagiarism to maintain research ethics in the research, but after that in India
UGC and Many higher/research education institutions taking lead to develop Institutional repositories (IR) for Collect, Manage, Disseminate, and Preserve scholarly work created by the Teachers and researchers.
Design/methodology/approach:-
Total 84 Institutional Repositories (IR) was selected and browsed for the present paper. The data related to the institutional repositories have been collected from Opendoar and ROAR website. The data is analyzed based on selected parameters, like Type of IR, Status of Institutional Repository, software used for repositories, total no of items,
subject covered, languages and issues and barriers in self archiving approach of researchers in India.
Findings:-
This research paper presents Indian scenario in developing the Institutional Repositories. Total 84 Institutional Repositories in India have been analyzed based on selected study criteria like Type of IR, Present Status of Institutional Repository, software used for repositories, total no of items available in IR, subject wise analysis, language wise analysis.
Originality/value :-
One of the first study to report IRs in Open DOAR and present Status.

Recent trends in the growth of cities particularly in developing countries (and especially in India and China) are identified. Beneficial and negative sharing mechanisms influencing the growth of cities are examined. Economic benefits of agglomeration arise not so much from the type of economic goods available in a city location (such as common property or local public goods) but from the enhanced operation of processes of economic exchange. Two theoretical implications of the growth of cities are considered, namely: (1) city growth results in growing inequality of income and wealth within the city and (2) a city will expand beyond its optimal size. Nevertheless, the growth of cities is linked with increased levels of per capita income nationally. Worldwide growth of cities is connected with increasing globalization and with rising income inequality.

Coal is one of the Primary sources of Energy accounting for about 67% of total energy consumption in India. The production of Coal has increased from 35 million tons in 1951 to 409.3 million tons in 2004. At the same time, the Average Daily Employment (ADE) has increased from 352 thousand in 1951 to 405 thousand in 2004. However, the journey of Coal sector was not uniform throughout the five decades. It is shown in recent time that the productivity of labour in coal mines in Tamil Nadu and Orissa is very high in comparison with other major coal producing states, like, West Bengal and Jharkhand. However, the coal mining in Tamil Nadu and Orissa is mostly and increasingly dependents on Open-cast mining. The paper is wanted to show that the labour productivity in coal mine are the boom in productivity in Orissa and Tamil Nadu is only due to the weighted average of different types of productivities. But, the coals at open-cast and below ground are not same. They are different in quality...

Coal is one of the Primary sources of Energy accounting for about 67% of total energy consumption in India. The production of Coal has increased from 35 million tons in 1951 to 409.3 million tons in 2004. At the same time, the Average Daily Employment (ADE) has increased from 352 thousand in 1951 to 405 thousand in 2004. However, the journey of Coal sector was not uniform throughout the five decades. It is shown in recent time that the productivity of labour in coal mines in Tamil Nadu and Orissa is very high in comparison with other major coal producing states, like, West Bengal and Jharkhand. However, the coal mining in Tamil Nadu and Orissa is mostly and increasingly dependents on Open-cast mining. The paper is wanted to show that the labour productivity in coal mine are the boom in productivity in Orissa and Tamil Nadu is only due to the
weighted average of different types of productivities. But, the coals at open-cast and below ground are not same. They are different in quality. So, we simply cannot add (although we are taking the weighted average) the two different quality things. That is why we are getting the problem of Addition.

In this Chapter, the Serials Crisis, author discusses the cost of peer reviewed publications and the problems faced by researchers in developing countries. The focus of this Chapter is on highlighting the problems and discusses possible solutions including the emergence of open access as one of the solutions. Open access journal publishing helps in mitigating some of the problems associated with serials crisis. This chapter discusses in details aspects such as Dysfunctioning of the Scholarly Communications; Serials Crisis Phenomena; Pricing and Economics of Journal Publishing; Cost Effectiveness of Journals; Problems with Predatory Open Access Journals; Accessibility, Delay and Other Issues of Journals. Published in Open Access for Researchers > Module 1: Scholarly Communications > Unit 4: The Serials Crisis. Paris: UNESCO. ISBN 9789231000782

This is a short review of UNESCO-CEMCA's Open Access Curricula project titled "Development of Curriculum and Self-Directed Learning Tools for Open Access" .
D-Lib Magazine, March/April 2015, 21(3/4). http://www.dlib.org/dlib/march15/03inbrief.html.

In this Unit, Introduction to scholarly communications, author discusses different aspects of scholarly communication – particularly its genesis, importance and ethics of academic publishing, and different communication channels available in academic publishing. Some of these channels are commonly described as primary sources as they provide first-hand testimony or direct evidence concerning a topic under investigation. Historically, scientific journals were initiated by learned societies and other scholarly communities for reporting results of concluded research works or scientific discoveries. Now many for-profit publishers have started publishing research journals. This Unit discusses in details aspects such as objectives of scholarly communications; historical perspectives of scholarly communications; foundations of science and scholarship; the process of scholarly communication; different channels of scholarly communications; and principles and paradigms of scientific culture / scholarship. Published in Open Access for Researchers > Module 1: Scholarly Communications > Unit 1: Introduction to Scholarly Communication.

This Unit encompasses and discusses citation analysis, use of citation-based indicators for research evaluation, common bibliometric indicators, classical bibliometric laws, author level indicators using authors’ public profiles, article level metrics using altmetric tools. It is to be noted that author level indicators and article level metrics are new tools for research evaluation. Author level indicators encompasses h index, citations count, i10 index, g index, articles with citation, average citations per article, Eigenfactor® score, impact points, and RG score. Article level metrics or altmetrics are based on Twitter, Facebook, Mendeley, CiteULike, and Delicious which have been discussed. All technical terms used in the Unit have been defined. This Unit discusses in details aspects such as Use of Citation-based Indicators for Research Evaluation; Transition from Citation-based Indicators to Author Level and Article Level Metrics for Research Evaluation.

The purpose of this chapter is to outline the nature of property rights in resources and to show the consequences of such rights (or the lack of such rights) for wealth creation or for a reduction in economic scarcity. While some public policy responses to the issues that are raised are outlined, the next chapter (Chap. 5) focuses mainly on possible policy responses to market failures that occur because of incomplete property rights in resources. The previous chapter outlined ways in which markets and political mechanisms can fail to minimize scarcity relative to human wants. Some economists believe that if private property rights were universal and if there were no impediments to markets operating freely and competitively, there would be no market failures. For them, an ideal economic system is one in which all economic resources (commodities) are private property and exchanges occur in free and competitive markets. Such a system is seen as being economically ideal for three reasons: (1) It is seen as ensuring economic efficiency because it is able to minimize scarcity relative to wants so that Pareto's criterion is satisfied (see Chap. 3). (2) It is believed to provide strong economic incentives to owners of private property to profit from their property. This stimulates economic growth as well as economic efficiency. (3) According to the Austrian School of Economics (for example, Hayek, 1948, 1994) this system shows outstanding performance in minimizing the amount of (costly) information required to adjust the economy to changing circumstances (see Chap. 2). The market or price mechanism involves processes of self-organization that only require individual economic actors or agents to have limited knowledge of economic variables and prices. The market system is seen as an effective system for managing or organizing an economy efficiently because it minimizes the amount of information needed to do this.

This Unit deals with analytical tools and indicators used in evaluating scholarly communications. The tools covered are The Web of Science, Scopus, Indian Citation Index (ICI), CiteSeerX, Google Scholar and Google Scholar Citations. Among these all the tools except Indian Citation Index (ICI) are international in scope. ICI is not very much known outside India. It is a powerful tool as far Indian scholarly literature is concerned. As Indian journals publish a sizable amount of foreign literature, the tool will be useful for foreign countries as well. The analytical products with journal performance metrics Journal Citation Reports (JCR) has also been described. In the chapter titled New Platforms for Evaluating Scholarly Communications three websites i.e. SCImago Journal & Country Rank (SJR) [ScimagoJR.com], eigenFACTOR.org, JournalMetrics.com and one software called Publish or Perish (POP) Software have been discussed. This Unit discusses in details aspects such as Citation Databases; Analytical Products with Journal Performance Metrics; and New Platforms for Evaluating Scholarly Communications.

Momentum is an ongoing, cumulative music composition project first conducted throughout 2012. For 366 consecutive days I recorded and collected sounds and musical material, sculpting and layering them utilizing digital and electronic manipulation and processing. I invited contributions to the project, and more than 60 people from around the world collaborated on Momentum, providing sounds to be included in the project.
Each day a small audio snapshot of the work appeared online alongside a blog, sharing information on sound sources and compositional approaches. Momentum is presented in 12 movements (one for each month of the year 2012), and has since gone on to encompass a 30 minute album, created cumulatively over one month in Istanbul, a 4 day and night live performance version for the Melbourne Fringe Festival, and an ongoing, online community sound art collective. The work-in-progress was (and remains) accessible via several online sources, and the audio is free to listen to, download and re-purpose within the confines of a non commercial Creative Commons License.1 I continue to invite feedback, comments, audience participation and derivative works via the music site SoundCloud2, bandcamp3, my blog4, email, Facebook5 and Twitter6.
This presentation will focus on one specific area of my research, that of harmony with audience, encompassing the participatory nature of Momentum, and the open and transparent way in which each of the projects was created. The joining together of sounds, sonic environments, experiences, skills, artists and audience throughout each of the Momentum projects promoted dialogue, feedback and collaboration.