Offense

This article considers Beckett’s lively use of “offensive” material—sexual and faecal—as it stages a confrontation with censorship practices. Following recent political readings of Beckett’s work, the article argues that Beckett is interested in exposing the structural paradox at the heart of the censor’s position and the instability of institutionalised moral borders. It draws on the novels Molloy and Watt, among others, and reviews Beckett’s early essay “Censorship in the Saorstat.”

Flannery O'Connor (1925-64) is a weird phenomenon of the American South: not only an ardent Catholic within the Protestant Bible Belt, but also a transgressive author of Southern Gothic, widely surpassing Faulkner in grotesque motifs and violent plots. Of-fence is her main strategy, virtually terrorizing the reader with detailed descriptions of brutal acts, physical defects, and bizarre behaviour. Yet, O'Connor is one of the most highly ranked of American authors. In Sweden, however, she is almost unknown.
My paper deals with the reception of literary terrorism and offence as a didactic strategy for religious ends. What presumptions lie behind such a seemingly counter-productive strategy? How is this strategy grasped in previous research? In processing these ques-tions I concentrate on O'Connor's most well known and most studied short story, "A Good Man is Hard to Find," the title story of her first collection (1955). It depicts a ter-rorist act, committed by an escaped criminal, who kills a whole family of three genera-tions for nothing, as he contends, but the pleasure of pure meanness. To this slaughter, the narrator-author keeps a neutral distance, just registering the events.
As for the significance of the text, scholars pay attention to divergent passages and as-pects, also reacting differently. My focus is on their ways of reading and the function of literary terrorism as a religious didactics in the American South of the 1950s.

This article suggests an understanding of blasphemy as violence that enables us to identify various kinds of injury that can be inflicted by blasphemous acts and artefacts. Understanding blasphemy as violence can take three forms: physical violence, indirect intersubjective violence, and psychological violence. The conditions that allow for an understanding of blasphemy as physical violence depend on very specific religious assumptions. This is different in the case of indirect intersubjective violence that can take effect in social circumstances where certain forms of blasphemy reinforce existing negative stereotypes of believers. The analysis of blasphemy as psychological violence reveals that interpretations according to which believers who take offense to blasphemy are ‘backward’ and ‘unenlightened’ do not suffice to explain the conditions of the insult that is felt by some believers. The article shows that these conditions can be explained by means of Harry Frankfurt’s philosophical theory of caring.

В статье рассматривается вопрос о том, как французские и британские военные решали актуальный военно-теоретический вопрос о координации огня и маневра на поле битвы в условиях после Первой мировой войны. Основываясь на новых для российской историографии материалах военных журналов 1920-х гг., автор раскрывает общее и особенное в решении указанной проблемы военными экспертами из Франции и Великобритании, а также факторы, повлиявшие на их суждения.
Basing on the French and British military journals of the 1920s the author analyses how the military establishments viewed the coordination of fire and movement - daunting problem posed by the war of 1914-1918.

"Redemption by offence? Flannery O’Connor as literary terrorist
Flannery O'Connor (1925-64) is a weird phenomenon of the American South: not only an ardent Catholic within the Protestant Bible Belt, but also a transgressive author of Southern Gothic, widely surpassing Faulkner in grotesque motifs and violent plots. Offence is her main strategy, virtually terrorizing the reader with detailed descriptions of brutal acts, physical defects, and bizarre behaviour. Yet, O'Connor is one of the most highly ranked of American authors. In Sweden, however, she is almost unknown.
My paper deals with the reception of literary terrorism and offence as a didactic strategy for religious ends. What presumptions lie behind such a seemingly counter-productive strategy? How is this strategy grasped in previous research? In processing these questions I concentrate on O'Connor's most well known and most studied short story, "A Good Man is Hard to Find," the title story of her first collection (1955). It depicts a terrorist act, committed by an escaped criminal, who kills a whole family of three generations for nothing, as he contends, but the pleasure of pure meanness. To this slaughter, the narrator-author keeps a neutral distance, just registering the events.
As for the significance of the text, scholars pay attention to divergent passages and aspects, also reacting differently. My focus is on their ways of reading and the function of literary terrorism as a religious didactics in the American South of the 1950s."

The main aim of the study is to consider problematic issues related to the qualification of a criminal offense,
provided for in Article 302 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan “Organization or maintenance of dens for
the consumption of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances, their analogues and the provision of premises for the same
purposes”. This article describes the circumstances that make it difficult to prosecute persons who provide their homes
or other premises for the consumption of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances, their analogues, as well as the
organizers of this type of illegal activity, creating conditions for anesthesia of the population. Through the study and
analysis of statistical information, available approaches to this issue, as well as materials of judicial investigative practice
in cases of this category, an attempt was made to consider the causes and conditions conducive to the commission of
this offense, an author’s vision of resolving the situation was proposed. The article presents the data of criminal statistics
in Kazakhstan for 2015-2018, identifies the most typical conditions conducive to the creation and functioning of drug
traffickers, makes reasonable proposals for amending Article 302 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan,
aimed at improving the current criminal law. The materials of the article can be of practical value for law enforcement
officers fighting the specified type of crime

L’article 299 du Code pénal turc érige en infraction pénale le délit d’offense au Président et prévoit une peine d’emprisonnement d’un an à quatre ans. La Cour EDH a déclaré cet article non conforme à l’article 10 de la Conv. EDH tandis que la Cour constitutionnelle turque qui n’a pas pris en compte cette décision, l’a jugé conforme à la Constitution. Il est appliqué en Turquie avec beaucoup de rigueur et le nombre de personnes poursuivies se compte par milliers.

This study discusses the issue of offence to sensibilities as possible grounds for limiting freedom of expression. This issue is constantly brought to the public agenda, as for example, in the limitation imposed in Israel on the playing of Richard Wagner’s music by Israeli orchestras. The proposed thesis is as follows: The Offence to Sensibilities Argument will take precedence over free expression only in cases where profound and direct damage is inflicted upon the sensibilities of individuals or a target group, undermining their dignity, especially when the speaker’s intentions are to offend the target individual/group under circumstances in which the individual or target group cannot avoid. In every case, it is incumbent upon those who wish to limit expression to examine the content of the expression and its manner, the duration and intensity of the expression, the frequency of the offence, the speaker’s intentions, the circumstances and the likely consequences of the offensive speech. Psychologists should be consulted concerning the severity of each offence.

O Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente não menciona o instituto da prescrição. Apesar disso, esse instituto, oriundo da legislação penal, tem sido aplicada, pelos juízos, aos processos para apuração de ato infracional. A inexistência de legislação sobre o assunto tem provocado a uma aplicação de procedimentos sem uniformidade. Em face disso, objetivou-se analisar as maneiras como a prescrição vem sendo aplicada, de modo a identificar qual seria a mais adequada. Inicialmente, identificaram-se os pontos do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente relacionados ao tema. Em seguida relacionaram-se as espécies de prescrição existentes, correlacionando-as ao tema desse estudo. Por fim, apresentou-se a discussão a respeito da admissibilidade da prescrição nos processos de competência do Juizado da Infância e Juventude, bem como foram descritas as diferentes maneiras de aplicação do tema nos processos a partir de análise da jurisprudência pátria. Visou-se a estabelecer os critérios adequados para a incidência da prescrição. Concluiu-se pela necessidade de criação de dispositivos legais a respeito do assunto, no intuito de pacificar a jurisprudência e uniformizar o mecanismo de aplicação da prescrição. Propôs-se o modelo que se revela o mais coerente com o ordenamento jurídico e com os preceitos do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente.

The small reform represented a significant step in the dynamics of the Romanian legal life. The amendments of the civil and criminal law prefigured the long waited big reform of the national legislation, to identify the mechanisms needed to accelerate the settlement of the processes as an essential coordinate of the constitutional state. The Law no. 202 from October 25, 2010 concerning some measures to accelerate the settlement of the processes brought in actuality several problems the activity of interpretation and law enforcement, of bridging modifying provisions with the existing ones in the Code of Civil Procedure and the Code of Criminal Procedure, at that time, but also concerning the application in time.