Obsessive Compulsive

Traditionally, the dried flower of Echium amoenum (Boraginaceae) has been used in Iran as an anxiolytic and mood enhancer. This study investigated the efficacy and safety of an aqueous extract of E. amoenum in treatment of obsessive–compulsive disorder. Forty-four patients ...

The present case study is about a 23 year’s old married man from a middle socioeconomic status Muslim family residing in Islamabad. He came with the signs of obsessive compulsive disorder such as obsessions, compulsions, superstitious thinking with comorbid depression, low mood, somatic complaints, anxiety, nervousness, tension, isolation and hostility. He was having these symptoms since 2006 to 2021. The present case study was conducted to assess the efficacy of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) for individuals suffering with obsessive compulsive disorder. Case study continued for 12 sessions of cognitive behaviors therapy. 3 (1-3) sessions were conducted in initial phase, 5 sessions (4-9) were conducted in middle phase and 3 (10-12) sessions were conducted in termination phase and 2 follow up sessions after termination phase. Patient’s improvement was started in middle phase of the treatment; he seemed hopeful and motivated in getting better. After the end of the middle phase, he w...

Genetic factors have historically been thought of as important in the development of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). For the estimation of the relative importance of genetic and environmental factors, twin studies are an obvious approach. Twin studies of OCD have a long history, starting in 1929. In this review, over 70 years of twin research of OCD is presented, using four different approaches that represent the steps in the twin research of OCD from past to present. These steps include (1) case-studies of twins with OCD from the old literature; (2) twin studies of OCD usingDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(DSM) criteria; (3) twin studies of OCD using a dimensional approach, comparing resemblances in monozygotic and dizygotic twins; and (4) twin studies of OCD using a dimensional approach, analyzing the data with Structural Equation Modeling. It is concluded that only the studies using the last method have convincingly shown that, in children, obsessive–com...

Aim  Addictive behavior is a group of behavioral patterns that are auto-destructive; they are on the increase, have an obsessive-compulsive quality and significant physiological or biological components, and include a lack of ability or an inability to control craving. Health promotion has emerged as a viable approach and a tool for comprehensive and equitable health development. The intention of this paper

1. Although a diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) can be made with the specification" poor insight"(PI), this subtype remains understudied. To investigate the subtype, 78 OCD patients were characterized by degree of insight, reevaluated after treatment, and compared with 20 schizophrenics with OCD (OCD+ S). At the pretreatment assessments in OCD patients, 28 subjects with poor or delusional insight (PI) were distinguished from 50 subjects with fair or good insight using the insight question of the ...

ABSTRACT
Electroencephalographic complexity and decreased randomness in drug-naive obsessive-compulsive patients
Objective: Studies investigating the complexity in electroencephalography (EEG) in various neuropsychiatric disorders have yielded abnormal results. However, few studies have examined EEG complexity in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).
Methods: An eyes-closed scalp EEG series of 3 minutes was recorded in drug-naive patients with OCD and in healthy controls. Each single trial was segmented into multiple identical epochs using two windows of 10 and 30 seconds. Both Kolmogorov Complexity (KC) values and autoregressive (AR) model orders were estimated to quantify the EEG complexity for segmented EEG epochs.
Results: The EEG complexity, measured by both KC and AR model orders and in estimations using window lengths of 10 and 30 seconds, was lower in the patients than in the controls. In the AR model orders, the 10-second window differentiated the patients and controls better than the 30-second window. Conclusion: OCD is characterized by low EEG complexity, increased regularity, or decreased randomness. Segmentation of EEG signals is useful for their quantitative identification, a smaller window providing a more sensitive characterization of EEG.

Keywords: Autoregressive model order, EEG complexity, Kolmogorov complexity, obsessive compulsive disorder

In conclusion, the brains of drug-naive OCD patients are electrophysiologically less complex, more regular, and more random than the brains of controls. Investigating EEG trace in smaller window lengths may be more successful in differentiating patients and controls. These findings may contribute to the discussions of increased or decreased brain connectivity in the pathologies of the central nervous system when evaluated together with the former and future studies in this area.

Twenty-eight nondepressed patients with DSM-III obsessive-compulsive disorder completed both the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) and the Leyton Obsessional Inventory (LOI) once a week for a total of three times change. In general, the correlations between the Y-BOCS change scores and the Global Ratings were significantly greater than between the LOI and the Global scores, the Y-BOCS was found to be more reliable than the LOI. Correlations were also obtained for the baseline period between the Y-BOCS and Leyton scores. At the end of a 14-week trial of clomipramine, the Y-BOCS and the LOI were again administered along with a Physician and Patient Global Rating of change. In general, the correlations between the Y-BOCS change scores and the Global Ratings were significantly greater than between the LOI and the Global Ratings. This last finding suggests that the Y-BOCS is a better measure of clinical change than is the LOI.

The Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory - Revised (OCI-R; Foa et al., 2002) has became the measure of election for the assessment of obses-sive-compulsive behaviors, given its validity and the short time that its administration requires. Nevertheless, the OCI-R not yet has been studied on samples from the general population. In the present study the psycho-metric properties of the Spanish version of the OCI-R in two groups of subjects have been analyzed: university students (n = 247), which will allow comparing the results with those of previous studies, and general population (n = 395), which will allow generalizing these results to people without known clinical pathology or with subclinical symptoms. The factorial structure, the reliability and the convergent, divergent and crite-rion validity of the OCI-R were analyzed. The results show a factorial structure and psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the OCI-R similar to the ones found on the original version and, as expect...