Ni

The technology advancement in the field of instrumentation have pushed humans to create a Virtual Instrument that utilizes the computer as a display face (user interface), but it can function like a real instrumentation tool. That is why the need for the development of trainers who can visualize experiments, then in the manufacture of Power Transformer Trainer using Virtual Instrument that is applied to visualize a data acquisition on Power Transformer experiments. Given transformer is one of the electric machine is widely used in everyday activities such as substations example, industry, and university.

Stages in the manufacture of trainers consists of: (1) design, (2) making tools, (3) testing tool. There are two panels, panels and instrument monitoring system consisting of a sensor measuring current, voltage, and panels to place the test transformer. Using the test transformer transformer step up / down 220/110 V with a maximum capacity of 1KVA. In implementing 3 trials that are testing the zero load, short circuit, and parallel transformer. Of 3 such experiments to find a power transformer efficiency.


Kemajuan Teknologi dalam bidang instrumentasi telah mendorong manusia menciptakan Virtual Instrument yang memanfaatkan komputer sebagai tampilan mukanya (user interface), namun dapat berfungsi seperti layaknya alat instrumentasi sebenarnya. Untuk itulah perlu adanya pengembangan trainer yang bisa memvisualisasikan percobaan, maka dalam pembuatan trainer Transformator Daya menggunakan Virtual Instrument yang diaplikasikan untuk memvisualisasikan akuisisi data pada percobaan Transformator Daya. Mengingat transformator adalah salah satu mesin listrik yang banyak digunakan dalam kegiatan sehari-hari seperti gardu induk, industri, maupun tempat menimba ilmu.

Tahapan dalam pembuatan trainer terdiri dari: (1) perancangan, (2) pembuatan alat, (3) pengujian alat. Terdapat dua panel yaitu, panel sistem monitoring serta alat ukur yang terdiri dari sensor arus, tegangan, dan panel untuk tempat tranformator uji. Transformator uji menggunakan transformator step up/down 220/110 V dengan kapasitas maksimum 1KVA. Dalam melaksanakan pengujian terdapat 3 percobaan yaitu beban nol, hubung singkat, dan paralel trafo. Dari 3 percobaan tersebut untuk mencari efisiensi transformator daya.

In the Grevena area of W. Macedonia, manganese oxide mineralization was found hosted within a shale-chert formation (radiolarian cherts – calcschists) overlying spilitized diabases of the Pindos ophiolite complex. The mineralization is either massive within the cherts or forming small pockets, and disseminated in the calcschists forming nodules (up to 3 cm) or concretions (<1cm). Manganite, locally replaced by pyrolusite, microcrystalline quartz and chalcedony are the main mineral constituents. Chemically, the studied Mn-mineralization and associated lithologies are very similar to those formed by submarine effusive and hydrothermal processes in modern oceans. Hence, the Grevena area Mn-mineralization which is spatially associated with the Pindos ophiolites, originated along sea-floor spreading centers within the Neo-Tethtys Ocean. The high Mn/Fe ratios of the mineralization (17-22) compared to that of the associated lithologies (0,01-0,35) denote that the fractionation of Mn and Fe occurred before of their precipitation. The higher concentrations of Cu, Ni, Co and Zn, compared to the modern metalliferous ocean formations are attributed to the hydrogenous imput of these trace metals. This suggests that the Mn oxides accumulated relatively slowly, which is consistent with deposition away from the centers of hydrothermal discharge.

A chemical synthesis process for the fabrication of NiO is described. In the present work, we report a chemical route for preparation of nickel hydroxide thin films on the glass substrate from solution containing Ni (2+) ions and ammonia. The deposition process based on the thermal decomposition of ammonia complex with nickel ions at temperature 333 K. As-prepared films were annealed at 623 K in air for 2 h to remove hydroxide phase and used for structural, surface morphological and optical characterizations. It was found that after annealing β-phase of Ni(OH) 2 was transformed to a cubic phase structured NiO. Honeycomb like surface morphology of "β-Ni(OH) 2" films was merged and resulted in decrease in porosity after annealing. A red shift in band gap energy was observed after annealing. The capacitive characteristics of the films deposited on steel substrate were investigated in KOH electrolyte using cyclic voltammetry. The supercapacitive properties of NiO were strongly affected by scan rate, concentration of electrolyte and deposited mass of the material. The maximum specific capacitance of 167 F g -1 was obtained in 2 M KOH electrolyte.

... b Faculty of Chemistry, University of Sofia, Sofia, 1126, Bulgaria. c Institute of Catalysis, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, 1113, Bulgaria. Received 30 September 1998; revised 12 April 1999; accepted 12 April 1999. ... 14. M. Afzal and GR Theocharis. Colloid Polym. Sci. ...

The electrical and dielectric properties of Au/PVA (Ni, Zn-doped)/n-Si Schottky diodes (SDs) were studied in the temperature range of 80–400 K. The investigation of various SDs fabricated with different types of interfacial layer is important for understanding the electrical and dielectric properties of SDs. Therefore, in this study polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film was used as an interfacial layer between metal and semiconductor. The electrical and dielectric properties of Au/PVA (Ni, Zn-doped)/n-Si SDs were calculated from the capacitance–voltage (C–V) and conductance–voltage (G/w–V) measurements. The effects of interface state density (Nss) and series resistance (Rs) on C–V characteristics were investigated in the wide temperature range. It was found that both of the C–V–T and G/w–V–T curves included two abnormal regions and one intersection point. The dielectric constant (ε″), dielectric loss (ε″), dielectric loss tangent (tan δ) and the ac electrical conductivity (σac) obtained from the measured capacitance and conductance were studied for Au/PVA (Ni, Zn-doped)/n-Si SDs. Experimental results show that the values of ε′, ε″ and tan δ are a strong function of the temperature. Also, the results indicate the interfacial polarization can be more easily occurred at high temperatures.

This study presents a PVC membrane based on 5,11,17,23,29,35-Hexakis-t-octyl-37,38,39,40,41,42-hexakis(N-phenylthiocarbamoylmethoxy)calix[6]arene which is used as an electroactive substance. The electrode reveals a Nernstian response for Ni2+ over a wide pH range with a slope of linear portion (5 × 10−6–1 × 10−2 M, R=0.988) of 29.75 ± 0.2 mV·decade−1 at 25 °C. The electrode’s sensitivity is enhanced upon the introduction of sodium tetraphenylborate into the membrane as a negatively charged lipophilic additive. The selectivity coefficients of various interfering ions were determined using the fixed interference method (FIM). The membrane reveals good selectivity for nickel ions over the other metal ions investigated. The lifetime of this electrode is about one month. This electrode has been applied to the determination of nickel ions in wastewater from the electroplating industry.

Several inherited corneal disorders in humans result from mutations in the transforming growth factor beta induced gene (TGFBI), which encodes for the extracellular transforming growth factor beta induced protein (TGFBIp) that is one of the most abundant proteins in the cornea. We previously reported a significant amount of TGFBIp in plasma by immunoblotting using the only TGFBIp antiserum (anti-p68(beta ig-h3)) available at that time (anti-p68(beta ig-h3) was generated against residues Val210-His683 of TGFBIp). This observation raised the possibility that a fraction of corneal TGFBIp may originate from the plasma. However, recent experiments in our laboratory indicated that the anti-p68(beta ig-h3) antiserum cross-reacts with an environmental protein contaminant. Therefore, we investigated the specificity of the originally utilized anti-p68(beta ig-h3) antiserum and re-evaluated the amount of TGFBIp in human plasma by immunoblotting using a new specific antiserum. The observed cros...

Thermocatalytic decomposition (TCD) of methane is a promising method to produce hydrogen. A series of experiments was conducted to study the apparent kinetic, catalyst deactivation and effect of mass diffusion for methane TCD to produce hydrogen using palm-shell carbon based activated carbon (ACPS) as a catalyst in a fixed bed reactor. The experiment was carried out under atmospheric pressure at 775-850 °C, and different methane residence times calculated based on changing the ACPS weight at a constant methane flow rate or changing the methane flow rate at a constant ACPS weight. A reaction order as found substantially differs from that found in literature. A deactivation order of 0.5 and deactivation energy of 177 KJ mol -1 is obtained and the results fitted well with a simple developed model. Mass diffusion transfers are accounted for by calculating change of Weisz modulus with time on-stream using different weights of ACPS or different flow rates of methane. The result showed that Weisz modulus decrease with time and it is attributed to the deposition of carbon produced from methane decomposition. Surface properties measurements of the virgin and deactivated ACPSs indicated that methane decomposition occurs mainly within AC micropores. © 2010 Professor T. Nejat Veziroglu. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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