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Objective Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is known as one of the most common neurological disorders that affect patients' lives tremendously. These people experience various dysfunctions. One of the most common problems in patients with MS is a balance deficit, which limits the participation and increases the risk of falling. Recently various studies were focused on finding the causes of this imbalance. On the other hand, these patients experience cognitive problems, such as attention deficit and cognitive flexibility. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between cognitive flexibility and selective attention with balance in patients with relapsing-remitting MS. Materials & Methods This study is a cross-sectional case study. The statistical population in this study was patients with MS who referred to Kashani Hospital and Alzahra Isfahan Hospital in 1395 for inclusion in the study, based on available sampling method. MS diagnosis was performed in these centers with the approval of at least one adult neurologist. Finally, 40 patients with MS were selected by convenient sampling. A written consent form was received from all the families and the patients with MS themselves for participation in the study. All patients were kept confidential in the study, and they were allowed to leave during the study if they refused. The inclusion criteria to participate in the study were: satisfaction of patients to participate in the plan, the individual received a diagnosis of relapsing-remitting MS from those who were referred to Al-Zahra and Kashani hospitals in Isfahan, aged 20 to 40 years, at least two attacks in last 24 months, a score of less than 5.5 in EDSS was associated with a moderate degree of MS due to the severity of the disability and the symptoms of the disease, having sufficient insight and the ability to collaborate in the study through the MMSE test. The exclusion criteria of the study were: dissatisfaction of the patients with the continuation of the study, presence and participation in similar investigations in the last three months that were performed intermittently on executive functions, the presence of visual and auditory impairment, recurrence and severity of MS, disability from moderate to severe, and any abnormalities such as seizure. After that test EDSS, Stroop color-word test, Wisconsin card sorting, and Berg Balance Scale were completed by patients with MS. The results of the tests of executive function and balance were analyzed using SPSS20 software for the presence or absence of the relationship between executive function is determined by the balance. To analyze the data, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression and analysis of variance with repeated measures at the level of 0.05. Results The results of this study demonstrate a significant relationship between selective attention and balance problem (P<0.05). However, there is no significant relationship between cognitive flexibility and balance (P<0.05). As well as the selective attention can predict the balance problem (P<0.05) (P<0.01). Conclusion A significant relationship between selective attentions to balance demonstrates that appropriately designed interventions to repair the attention, can decrease the balance problem in patients with MS. One of the possible reasons for this relationship can be found in the brain system that attention circuits are interacting with equilibrium systems, and any defect in selective attention leads to a loss of balance. Patients with MS experience constant imbalance due to cerebral plaques and relapsing-remitting periods, and in addition to rehabilitation of the balance system, cognitive systems such as attention should be treated.

People make decisions every day. There are too many choices and a little time to explore them all. Recommendation systems help people make decisions in these complex information spaces. Recommendation systems are a type of information filtering that presents lists of items (films, songs, books, videos, images, products, web pages) which are likely of user interest. Amazon, Last.fm, Ulike, iLike, Netflix, Pandora are the most popular recommender systems all over the world. Simply they compare user interest acquired from his/her profile with some reference characteristics and predict the rating that the user would give. Recommendation System is a subclass of information filtering system which takes input from users and provides User with the most suitable output to fulfill his requirements. This system is used to present a new college admission system using data mining techniques for tackling college admission prediction problems. This System uses content-based filtering to provide aspiring students (Master of Science) with the most appropriate choices of colleges based on different parameters. The system analyses the student academics, merit, background, student records and the college admission criteria. Then it predicts the likelihood of colleges the student may enter. In addition to the high prediction accuracy is an advantage, as the system can predict suitable colleges that match the students' profiles and the suitable track channels through which the students are advised to enter.

Methods for chlorophenols (CPs) determination (with low limits of detection) that can be applied to real environmental samples (waters, sediments, soils, biological tissues) and food are reviewed. Special emphasis is given to sampling, storage conditions and the application of preconcentration techniques for the determination of CPs using chromatographic methods. Solid phase extraction, solid phase microextraction, stir bar sorptive extraction, liquid phase microextraction, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction and purge and trap methods are considered. Methods for microwave and ultrasonic extraction of CPs from solid matrices are also focused.

Stress, a common if unpredictable life event, can have pronounced effects on physiology and behavior. Individuals show wide variation in stress susceptibility and resilience, which are only partially explained by variations in coding genes. Developmental programing of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal stress axis provides part of the explanation for this variance. Epigenetic approaches have successfully helped fill the explanatory gaps between the influences of gene and environment on stress responsiveness, and differences in the sequelae of stress across individuals and generations. Stress and the stress axis interacts bi-directionally with epigenetic marks within the brain. It is now clear that exposure to stress, particularly in early life, has both acute and lasting effects on these marks. They in turn influence cognitive function and behavior, as well as the risk for suicide and psychiatric disorders across the lifespan and, in some cases, unto future generations.