Mdgs Goals

The Economist (UK) invited me to participate in their periodic online debate series with World Bank economist, Wolfgang Fengler, about the need for industrialization in Africa. The 3-part series was posted online during March 12 – 22, 2013. Readers votes determine the winner.

Purpose - – The purpose of this paper is to explore how ISO 26000 inter-marries with millennium development goals (MDGs) with a view to demonstrate and recommend how businesses can successfully use this intermarriage to solve society problems. Design/methodology/approach - – Case methodology was used to investigate how a company can use the social responsibility standard, ISO 26000, to guide its corporate social responsibility (CSR) aimed at contributing to MDGs. The paper focussed on the CSR dimension of community involvement and development (CI&D) interventions in health-related MDGs (4, 5 and 6). Data collection was by semi-structured interviews with CSR managers of the studied company, plus non-participant observation of CSR activities and projects. In order to develop a framework within which the collected data could be analyzed, the authors employed pattern-matching, explanation building and time series analysis. For generalization purposes of findings, the authors were guided...

Despite Nigeria's ratification of virtually all human rights instruments recognizing health as a human right and endorsement of the Millennium Declaration, the state of maternal health in the country remains atrocious. That the country is not on pace to meet its obligations under Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 5 (to reduce the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) by three quarters in 2015, using 1990 as a base year, and achieve univeral access to reproductive services) is no longer news. What is perhaps newsworthy and that is because of their significance to repositioning the country on course toward the MDG, are three concers, namely, the factors constratining progress to acceptable maternal health in the country; the interventions needed to reverse the status quo; and, finally, the question, thether and how human rights could play a catalytic role in the process. Addressing these concerns is the major objective of this paper.

Integration of the demographic dimension and absorbing the core of age-structure-transition in formulating national development strategies and plans in Arab countries received a great thought during the past view years. The reductions in infant, child and maternal mortality and decreases in fertility rates during the post-half of the last century have reshaped the population pyramids of Arab countries and led to an unprecedented “youth bulge”. Many studies dealt with the issue of youth bulge (Assaad, 2007 and UN, 2011). They showed that youth bulge is a demographic gift, represents a unique window of opportunity to more investment, rapid social and economic development and reduce poverty. Consistently, the window of opportunity associate with increasing in the absolute numbers of older persons. Although Arab Countries is still in the early stage of ageing process, but these challenges should to be early explained, met, and planed.

The above introduction explains the importance of developing a conceptual framework for understanding the effects of age‐structural transitions in achieving the internationally agreed development goals.

In the social contract that ensued between organised society and the state, man voluntarily surrendered all of his powers to one entity whose end of the contract demanded he protects and preserve their lives and property (Hobbes, 1651). The actions and inactions of this entity called state or government is what we refer to as public policy, "whatever governments choose to do or not do" (Dye, 1992: 2).

This paper sets out to discuss how governments in the execution of public policy sometimes fail in the delivery of their end of the bargain. It explores policy failure as occurring due to systemic errors within the policy making process. Dwelling on the literature of some scholars, it explains policy failure as occurring at the implementation stage of the policy making process (Wildavsky and Pressman, 1973)

Over the last few decades, the impact of the women’s movements within countries and internationally has been central to raising and tackling gender inequality in social development. Arguments have been made that addressing gender equality is imperative for the overall development agenda in terms of economic growth; stability; enhanced productivity and its cumulative effects on other dimensions of well-being, such as education and health,  not just women but families (Wold Bank Group, 2015; World Bank, 2011; Giugale, 2011). Despite these arguments, progress and commitment to dealing with gender inequality has been variable and inconsistent because gender discrimination is embedded deep in the culture and structure of social systems. The struggles, strategies and interventions to address gender inequality are in constant negotiation with the underlying structures, socio-cultural contexts and social systems that serve to maintain it, and challenging these aspects often meets with resistance and backlash (Sandler and Rao, 2012).  In this ambiguous terrain it is important to understand the extent to which attempts to address gender inequality have been effective in varying contexts and areas of social development, particularly with regard to Millennium development goals (MDG’s)  because of its prominence in the international development agenda.  To this end, this chapter firstly addresses the complexities involved in measuring gender, as well as the collection and quality of data, as an entry point to the discussion on gender and development, since without measurement we cannot ascertain progress in this area.  Second, the chapter utilises some of the core areas of social development to explore the underlying issues that plague progress in the arena of gender equality, through an engagement with some of the MDG’s and to a lesser extent the SDG’s.  Finally the chapter briefly engages with the funding and resourcing of gender equality work, since real dedication to development in the field of gender is evidenced by financial and resource commitment.  Progress on gender equality to facilitate social development can only be achieved through adequate resourcing and funding.  Due to space limitations it is not possible to cover, all social development matters; rather only those development issues that help me illustrate some key points will be extracted and discussed.

This article critically analyzes the popular metaphor of the "Development Ladder" within the theory of modernization. What assumptions underpin this metaphor and what problems are associated with the theory itself? I use the work of Sachs as a modern example of a text that relies extensively on the metaphor. I discuss the key assumptions informing the modernization theory and the metaphor of the Development Ladder. Next, I problematize the metaphor as rooted within modernization theory, discuss the assumptions of modernization theory, the implication of globalization on Africa and its relationship to the global market, and present and discuss the problems of historicity in development discourse.

Motivation is essentially about commitment to do something. In context of business motivation can be titled as “The
will to work”.
People must be motivated to achieve certain goal in life whether it may personal or business but it is always related with drives
means eager to get something by anyway. In addition, motivation must be co-related with the ambitions.
Motivation is the act of stimulating someone or oneself to get a desired course of action, to push the right button to get a desired
reaction.
Abraham Lincoln, was a failure in almost all activities he undertook. When asked about the change he said, “My father taught
me to work but did not teach me to love my work”. This ‘love or will to do’ (called motivation) depends on the strength of
people’s motives. Motives are the expressed needs and could be conscious or subconscious. They are always directed towards
goals.
Employee Motivation is an integral part Human Resource Management and it plays a crucial role in the long-term growth of an
organization. Motivation can be defined as the inherent enthusiasm and driving force to accomplish a task

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), also known as the Global Goals, were adopted by the United Nations in 2015 as a universal call to action to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure that by 2030 all people enjoy peace and prosperity. Previously, the world was implementing MDGs which failed to achieve its Targets. Is Nepal repeating the same mistake? So I started finding out all the works done till 2019 and predicted all the events by 2030. In this report, I have compared the targets and works done till 2019 and tried to hypothesize the condition and calculated the gap between them and what Nepal can do to achieve the targets by 2030.

Among the five continents, the African continent is perhaps the most underdeveloped given its continent-wide expansion in comparison to other continents. Over decades many initiatives have been undertaken to elevate the position of Africa to a prosperous and peaceful region in the global arena. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Programme is among the vanguard parties that shoulder this responsibility. Through its global priority programme “Priority Africa” it has made commendable achievements in Africa’s sustainable development roadmap. Especially the UNESCO has sought socio-economic and cultural solutions to the continent’s most alarming issues such as poverty, HIV/AIDS, human right abuses and environmental degradation and equally contributed to the fulfilment of the Millennium Development Goals (MDG). Even though UNESCO has achieved much in Africa despite the adverse eco-political issues such as economic crises and political instabilities it has left something to be desired, which is also admitted by its reports of evaluation. This report is a concise review on the role of UNESCO in Africa.

On 26 September, the United Nations will adopt the ‘2030 Agenda for Sustainable
Development’, which includes 17 ‘Sustainable Development Goals’ (SDGs). These Goals will replace the Millennium Development Goals and are meant to make international development transformative and sustainable. This ambition is reflected in their thematic scope which covers fundamental aspects of the social, the economic and the environmental dimensions of sustainable development. In addition, the SDGs are truly universal in nature, i.e. they constitute a challenge for all countries, including the most developed ones. Implementation of the 2030 Agenda will thus involve domestic policymakers as well as international cooperation and go beyond development policy. The list of indicators that is needed for making the goals and targets operational is expected for March 2016. Indicators will be fundamental for implementation, monitoring, reporting and evaluation.
Therefore, a group of experts from the German Development Institute / Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik (DIE) have prepared detailed comments on all goals and the indicators that are currently under discussion. The result is an update of a draft version circulated earlier this year.
The comments show how difficult it is to identify adequate indicators for all the goals in the new agenda. Some of them can be measured more easily while others are rather
qualitative in nature so that it is difficult to measure progress in quantitative terms. In
addition, some of the indicators under discussion are very complex with the effect that
there is a risk that only experts are able to understand and remember them. Also, some goals lack specifications or a dead-line for achievement, or they are not yet measurable with the available data. And finally, some indicators cover just a small segment of what the respective goal is meant to achieve.
With this review, we aim at providing an input for the debate on indicators and for the
process of designing national strategies to implement the 2030 Agenda. The monitoring and review processes at the global, regional and national levels will be fundamental for measuring progress, and for adjusting policies.
The introduction of the volume summarizes the achievements made by the adoption of a new agenda for sustainable development. It shows the advantages of the SDGs in
comparison with the MDGs. The chapter after the introduction focusses on how the UN system can contribute to implementation, monitoring and review of the 2030 Agenda, and reflects on the possible shape of an accountability framework. The core of the discussion paper are chapters that review every SDG, its subordinate targets and its proposed indicators.

GCE's civil society review of the last fifteen years of Education For All. This report analyses the delivery of Education For All from 2000-2015, drawing upon the wide variety of experiences of civil society education campaigns around the worldwide, and identifies five key lessons for the future.

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The purpose of this paper is to highlight the challenges of promoting cross-sector approaches in multi-institutions areas like urban development. In particular, the case of Freetown in Sierra Leone is analysed. The paper shows that even though the Paris Declaration is an important step to fill the gap between the MDGs and their practical implementation, in urban development there is still a need to build or reinforce links between development activities, donors and methods adopted by the different partners.

Social goals tend to be marginalized in the implementation of sustainable development while economic growth is prioritized often also at the cost of ecological goals. Many of these development issues are essentially distributional issues.These distributional challenges will be exacerbated by the need to limit the environmental utilization space (ecospace) on Earth and the consequent challenge of how this space will be equitably and inclusively shared among countries and people. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the proposed Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and targets developed by the Open Working Group on Sustainable Development Goals (OWG) against criteria for inclusive development. Inclusive development principles, tools, and evaluation criteria for the proposed SDGs fall into three clusters: inclusive development per sé; inclusive development in the context of the Anthropocene; and inclusive development from a relational perspective. Regarding inclusive development per...

In this article attempts has been made to show the achievement of MDG goal 4 in Bangladesh and that is reduction of child mortality rate. Child mortality refers to the death of infants and children under the age of five. About 25,000 young children die every day, mainly from preventable causes. In developing countries, one child in every10 dies before its fifth birthday, compared to 1 in every143 in high-income countries. According to an estimate by UNICEF, one million child deaths could be prevented annually at a cost of $US 1 billion per year. Reduction of child mortality is the fourth of the United Nations’ Millennium Development Goals. The objective of the study is to know how far Bangladesh could achieve “MDG Goal 4” of reducing under-five mortality by examining different variables affecting child mortality. The study has done on the basis of secondary data which were collected from different data sources, reports, journals and published literature. So far Bangladesh could achieve the rate more than the expected target. For this reason, Bangladesh has to continue this pace towards reducing the child mortality.

Desa Siaga program is an effort to achieve Healthy Indonesia 2015 program. This program is successful if  80% of villages have become desa siaga in 2015. In 2011, 58% of the villages in the Situbondo are still included in the inactive desa siaga category. This research was conducted to identify factors that cause a high percentage of inactive desa siaga, started from October 5th until December 5th 2012, using an observational descriptive design with applying cross sectional approach. Interviews using a questionnaire conducted in 30 inactive desa siaga, with respondents consisting of 30 facilitators and 30 cadres were using purposive sampling. Independent variables were the facilitator factors include technical skill and motivation, cadre factors include education level, technical skills, motivation, perception of distance and ease of transport and support from the chief village and the implementation of the eight desa siaga indicators include forum villagers, primary health care, community based health efforts, community-based surveilance, coaching PKM PONED, disaster alert system, community-based health financing and environmental assessment based on PHBS. The result of this research were facilitators factor and cadres factor were low and the implementations of eight indicators for desa siaga was not in accordance with existing guidelines. The conclusion of this research was the technical ability, education levels and motivation which are low, that can contribute to the desa siaga program not working properly. Perception about distance traveled, and a difficult transport also affecting the performance of cadres. The main causative factor was the lack of support from the chief village. There is no operational funds and lack of infrastructure programs is also an obstacle factor. Advice that can be given is to provide training and socialization to the facilitator and cadres and approaches to the village chief with across sectors activities and programs in each of working areas.


Keywords : Desa Siaga indicator, Inactive Desa Siaga, Empowerment

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This book is designed for the Personal Development of students in all levels of education.
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* Discover the incredible power of having academic Goals, how to set them and how to reach them

In order for a country to properly develop, the citizens of the country must have access to a proper education. The development field realized the importance of education and made achieving universal primary education number two on the list Millennium Development Goals. Although this goal was set to be achieved by 2015, with only a month left in that time frame, it does not appear that this is going to be possible. According to UNICEF, in Kenya only about 48.4% of girls ever make it to secondary school. There are many reasons for this, but one of the most disturbing causes for the lack of attendance is a practice called female genital mutilation (FGM), or cutting. In Kenya girls are perceived as sexual beings who need to 'cleaned' through the act of female genital mutilation to control their desires. This traditional practice prevents girls from attending school because of health complications and societal pressures to get married after being cut. How can education be used as a tool to change the perception of girls in Kenyan society and stop this archaic act?

With the objective of demonstrating the effectiveness of complimentary application of the Satoyama Agricultural Development Tool (SADT) and Happiness Survey, a case study was undertaken in Sabah State, Malaysia from May 2014 to February 2015. This trial was conducted by an individual researcher in cooperation with various stakeholders including government officials and villagers. Results obtained demonstrated effectiveness for Satoyama project designing and Satoyama System evaluation. Project has a defined term. In view of this, project designers and evaluators seek out effective and efficient tools to identify local needs and priority issues. As is often the case with community development and community-based environment conservation projects, the local situation changes from time to time in the course of project implementation. More importantly and seriously, the local community is oftentimes hesitant to open up to outsiders including donor agencies in the beginning even when community participatory approaches are applied. In this view, it is concluded that the approach taken by the study is quite useful for identifying issues that need to be addressed by the project at the initial designing stage. Furthermore, it is strongly suggested that the approach taken by this study be applied not only at the beginning stage as a base line survey but during the implementation of the project to ensure that stakeholders concerned including local communities can mutually identify real needs. Incidentally, the approach in this study can be used as a monitoring tool for the situation of Satoyama agricultural point of view and of human interaction with nature (Satoyama system). Depending on the place and the context, the questionnaire framework of happiness survey should be modified. The attempt demonstrated by this study is promising and serves as a guiding methodological framework for designing Satoyama Projects, but it is apparent that the framework of the study should be improved and evolved in a more synergistic way through more practical field-based exercises.

KETIMPANGAN DAN KESENJANGAN MORAL AKIBAT PARADOKS PEMBANGUNAN
(STUDI KASUS: GERAKAN MST (MOVIMENTO DOS TRABALHADORES RURAIS SEM TERRA) DI BRAZIL, AMERIKA SELATAN)

Dalam melakukan pembangunan suatu negara tidak semata-mata hanya meningkatkan aspek perekonomian dan hegemoni kekuasaan saja, tetapi harus melihat aspek masyarakat seperti etika dan moral dalam melakukan pembangunan. Salah satu program dalam pembangunan yakni Millenium Development Goals (MDGs) yang tidak lain untuk melakukan target pembangunan global dalam mengatasi persoalan kemiskinan dalam pembangunan manusia (human development). Tetapi hal tersebut tidak relevan ketika salah satu gerakan sosial masyarakat di Brazil yang sampai saat ini masih menyuarakan suaranya atas ketidakadilan yang didapatkan. Dalam tulisan ini, menganalisis mengenai paradoks pembangunan yang terjadi di Brazil sesuai dengan program Millenium Development Goals (MDGs) yang berlaku dengan melihat efektivitas antara program tersebut dengan realitas.

MORAL IMBALANCE AND GAPS CAUSED BY THE PARADOX OF DEVELOPMENT
(STUDY CASE: MST MOVEMENT (MOVIMENTO DOS TRABALHADORES RURAIS SEM TERRA) IN BRAZIL, SOUTH AMERICAN)

In carrying out the development of a country not only merely enhancing the aspects of the economy and power hegemony, but must look at aspects of society such as ethics and morals in carrying out development. One of the programs in development is the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) which are nothing but to carry out global development targets in overcoming the problem of poverty in human development. But this is irrelevant when one of the social movements in Brazil that has so far still voiced its voice over the injustices obtained. In this article, analyzing about the paradox of development that occurs in Brazil in accordance with the applicable Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) program by looking at the effectiveness of the program with reality.

This paper presents a case study of the good governance of the Philippine Association of Extension Program Implementers or PAEPI, a non-government organization (NGO) in monitoring United Nations (UN) Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) which includes various programs  that includes disaster preparedness and mitigation programs . This also resulted in coming up with the policy guidelines and criteria on PAEPI awards for its members who contributed to MDGs accomplishments in terms of their individual or collective actual implementation of extension services delivery on the ground. This paper highlights best approaches to extension by the PAEPI thru successful partnerships involving various sectors which successfully targets the poorest of the poor or the most marginalized. The MDGs are integrated in the PAEPI Extension Programs based on the needs of the community and based on any of the following areas of developmental concerns namely: Socio-Welfare Development, Socio-Economic Development, Infrastructure Development and Environmental Development. These are conducted by the PAEPI members through training; technical assistance and advisory services; communication and information services; and community outreach activities, that have impact on  the institution, region and national development and productivity of the society with social benefits through the accomplishments of the MDGs. This paper also shares information about Extension: its legal mandate, its Association (PAEPI), its definition, its program preparation and enrichment. The paper also presents how PAEPI monitors and evaluates the accomplishment of MDGs The paper ends with relevant concluding remarks and recommendation specifically for the youth participation and the expedient implementation of MDG Number 8 by PAEPI. The PowerPoint presentation is photo documentation proofs that show various activities in addressing the MDGs towards ASEAN 2015 integration with youth as the implementing arm.

This report considers the strengths and weaknesses of the current global health architecture, and of the relevance and responsive of the health architecture for the post 2015 agenda. It looks at health architecture, health aid and health governance from a global perspective. The report finds that the current architecture is crowded and poorly coordinated.Concern about global health has focused attention on global health governance architecture. The current system fails to provide sufficient justification for an obligation to assist in meeting the health needs of others. Transnational and national actors too often pursue their own interests. A stronger commitment to all people being healthy is needed. It is clear that reform is needed due to a mismatch between governance mechanisms and the vulnerability and complexity of global processes. A profound transition of the global health system is already under way. Health priorities must reflect the health needs of both current and future generations. State and non-state actors must be better connected for transparent policy dialogue in decision-making processes that affect health. Commitments to global solidarity and shared responsibility is needed to move towards a more sustainable and healthy system.  Those players from the private sector and civil society must be included in the reform process and the governance system that follows. The more transparent the governance system is, the more effective it will be.

Dimulai dari fase dimana Perang Dunia II membawa kehancuran total, terutama pada negara-negara di wilayah Eropa. Lumpuhnya industri-industri besar, kehancuran kota-kota hingga banyaknya korban jiwa akibat Perang Dunia. Pada akhirnya, sebagian besar sumberdaya diarahkan untuk keperluan perang. Kehancuran ini membawa dunia pada krisis. Pada akhirnya diupayakanlah pembaruan kembali dunia dan tatanan ekonomi yang hancur Hal ini kemudian dijawab melalui hadirnya konferesi yang diselenggarakan di Bretton Woods, pertemuan dengan maksud membicarakan sistem perekonomian dunia pasca perand Dunia hingga pada kesepakatan bahwa hal yang dapat mewujudkan perdamaian di dunia secara Internasional adalah kerjasama Ekonomi Internasional, yang tentu saja berlandaskan pada satu pasar global.

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ABSTRACT:
This book provides a critical deconstruction of the human development framework promoted by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) since 1990. Taking the Human Development Reports of the UNDP as its starting point for reflection, this book investigates the construction of this framework as well as its political function since the end of the Cold War. The book argues that the UNDP’s discourse on development relies on essentialist philosophical, cultural, and political assumptions dating back to the 19th century and concludes that these assumptions – also present in the MDGs and SDGs – impede a full grasp of the complex and multi-layered global problems of the current world. Whilst development critiques traditionally relied on liberal, Marxist or Foucauldian theoretical frameworks and focused on epistemological or political economy issues, this book draws on the post-foundational and post-structuralist work of Ernesto Laclau and Jacques Derrida and proposes an ontological and relational reading of development discourses that both complements and further develops the insights of previous critiques. This book is key reading for advanced students and researchers of Critical Development Studies, Political Science, the UN, and Sustainable Development.